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2-POINT SEATBELTS—A-ARM

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2-POINT SEATBELTS (LAP BELTS) Seatbelts that are anchored to the vehicle at two points. They are typically known as a lap belts and are sometimes used in the centerseating position.

3-POINT SEATBELTS Seatbelts that are anchored to the vehicle at three points. This seatbelttype is commonly used in outboard seating positions, although somemanufacturers are adding them to the rear center seating position. Itincludes both a lap and a shoulder belt. Accent, Sonata, Elantra, Azera,Santa Fe and Tucson have 3-point seatbelts located in the rear centerseating position as well as the outboard seating positions.

4-, 6-, 8-WAY ADJUSTABLE SEATS Also known as multi-adjustable seats, these seats can be adjusted invarious ways for optimum comfort. Each way that a seat can be adjustedcounts as one way. For example, a 4-way adjustable seat may be adjustedby sliding forward and back (two ways), and recline up and down(another two ways). Multi-adjustable seats can either be power- ormanually operated.

5-MPH BUMPERS Bumpers that are designed to withstand impacts up to 5 miles per hour without sustaining any significant damage in tests specified by theFederal Government. Most passenger vehicles have a 2-mile-per-hourbumper rating. Trucks and SUV government bumper ratings are notmandatory.

12-VOLT ACCESSORY OUTLET A power outlet for accessories, such as cell phones, that provides powerfrom the vehicle’s battery.

14-,15-,16-,17-INCH WHEELS Refers to the outside diameter of a wheel. A larger wheel allows the use ofa larger tire, which can improve a vehicle’s traction and handling.

A-ARM (WISHBONE) A lateral suspension locating link that is shaped like the letter A. The twolegs of the A attach to the chassis via pivots, while the top of the A isattached to the wheel spindle assembly. This type of suspension systemprovides excellent wheel-locating geometry and is used in the suspensionsystems of high-performance and racing cars. Also known as a wishbone.Some vehicles use an upper A-arm and a lower A-arm, which is calleddouble-wishbone suspension. Sonata and Azera both have a double-wishbone front suspension.

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ADAPTIVE AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION An automatic transmission that adjusts gear changes to match thedriver’s typical driving style. Hyundai transmissions use sophisticatedcomputer technology with “fuzzy logic,” which learns a driver’s drivingstyle and “adapts” to it for improved shifting performance after a fewminutes of driving.

AERODYNAMIC DRAG A measurement of a vehicle’s ability to cut through the wind as it moves.The measurement is known as coefficient of drag. A lower numbermeans that the vehicle cuts through the wind more efficiently, resultingin better fuel economy and less wind noise.

AIRBAG SUPPLEMENTAL RESTRAINT SYSTEM (SRS) A cushion-like device that rapidly inflates in certain front and side-impact conditions where significant injury is likely. The airbag absorbsenergy by allowing an occupant to slow down in a controlled mannerand also prevents the driver and front-seat passenger from contacting thehard surfaces and components inside the vehicle. The most common arefront airbags that deploy in certain front-end collisions. There are alsoside-impact airbags for the driver and front passenger and, on Azeramodels, for the rear passengers as well, which deploy in certain sideimpacts. In addition to front and front seat-mounted side airbags are thefront and rear side-curtain airbags that are standard equipment on all2005 Tucsons, and 2006 Sonatas, Azeras and Accents. All 2004 and newerHyundai vehicles have dual front airbags and front seat-mounted side-impact airbags. Please note that the airbag Supplemental RestraintSystem (SRS) is designed to work in conjunction with the 3-pointseatbelt system. The SRS is not a substitute for seatbelts, which should beworn at all times. Children under the age of 13 should be securelyrestrained in the rear seat. NEVER place a rear-facing child seat in thefront seat of a vehicle.

AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM A system that cools the cabin air when activated. Air conditioningsystems are driven by a belt connected to the engine, which drives acompressor. The compressor (1) compresses a refrigerant gas, whichbecomes very hot and under high pressure. The hot high-pressurerefrigerant then enters the condenser (2), which removes the heat from it, causing it to condense into a liquid. The hot, high-pressure refrigerantliquid runs through an expansion valve. The refrigerant gas then runsthrough the evaporator (3), where it absorbs heat and cools down the airinside the vehicle.

AIR FILTRATION SYSTEM A system which filters out dust and other pollutants from the air cominginto the vehicle’s interior through the vents. Air filtration systems featurea replaceable filter element, which must be replaced at preset intervalsoutlined in the owner’s manual. Not all vehicles are equipped with an air filtration system.

AIR INTAKE RESONATOR A device which reduces engine noise, especially upon acceleration.Air intake resonators are installed within an engine’s air intake system.

ADAPTIVE AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION—

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ALIGNMENT The proper adjustment of a vehicle’s steering and suspension systemwhich enables it to track straight and steer properly. A vehicle that is outof alignment can result in premature tire wear and may cause the vehicleto wander or pull to one side while driving.

ALLOY A combination of metals, such as aluminum or magnesium, used tocombine the weight, strength and corrosion resistance advantages of eachmetal. The most visible use of aluminum alloy is in alloy wheels. Somecomponents of all Hyundai engines are of alloy construction, includingcylinder heads, pistons and intake manifolds. The 2.7-liter V6 used in theSonata, Santa Fe, Tucson and Tiburon has both an aluminum block andaluminum cylinder heads and therefore may be referred to as an “all-aluminum” engine. Aluminum components, while being more expensiveto produce, weigh less and dissipate heat more quickly and more evenlythan cast iron.

ALL-SEASON RADIAL TIRES Tires designed to perform well in either rain or light snow and deliver acomfortable, quiet ride.

ALUMINUM ALLOY (WHEELS AND ENGINES)(See “ALLOY”)

ALL-WHEEL DRIVE (AWD)(See “FULL-TIME 4-WHEEL DRIVE”)

ALR (AUTOMATIC LOCKING RETRACTOR)SEATBELTS A type of seatbelt device which automatically locks a seatbelt at a desiredlength, making it possible to secure a child seat without using a seatbeltlocking clip. To activate this feature, pull the shoulder belt all the way out,then allow it to slowly retract to the desired length.

ALTERNATOR A device which provides energy for a vehicle’s electrical system as well asrecharging its battery. The alternator is typically mounted on a vehicle’sengine and is driven by a belt.

AMP METER An instrument which measures the amount of current flow in a vehicle’selectrical system. A reading on the positive (+) side of an amp meterindicates that the vehicle’s charging system is charging the battery. Areading on the negative (-) side indicates that the charging system is in a discharging condition (battery supplying the current).

—AMP METER

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ANTIFREEZE A liquid mixture of several chemicals, including ethylene glycol, which isadded to the water in an engine’s cooling system to prevent freezing ofthe coolant. Antifreeze also has a higher boiling point than water,allowing the cooling system to run at a higher, more efficienttemperature without boiling over. Antifreeze is also formulated toprevent corrosion in the cooling system.(See “COOLANT”)

ANTI-KNOCK Any substance or device which prevents fuel from igniting prematurely.Premature ignition, also known as “pinging” or “knocking,” can causedamage to a vehicle’s engine. Anti-knock substances such as ethanol arecommonly added to gasoline as an octane enhancer. An anti-knocksensor enables an engine’s computer to make adjustments to preventpremature ignition.

ANTI-LOCK BRAKING SYSTEM (ABS) The primary benefit of ABS is to help the driver maintain directionalstability (steering control) during emergency braking situations. ABS is a computer-controlled braking system that modulates brake pressureduring hard braking and panic stop situations, keeping the wheels fromlocking up and skidding. When wheel speed sensors detect that a wheel is going to lock up, the ABS computer modulates brake fluid pressure tokeep the wheels rolling to maintain traction. ABS may lengthen thestopping distance in some conditions because the wheels are allowed torotate while braking. Unlike some competitive Anti-lock BrakingSystems, the current Hyundai ABS is a true 4-channel system, whichmeans there is a sensor for each wheel.

ANTI-PERFORATION WARRANTY A warranty which covers corrosion-related rust-through of the vehicle’sbody sheet metal from inside to out. All Hyundai vehicles feature a 7-year, unlimited-mileage anti-perforation warranty.

AUTOMATIC CLIMATE CONTROL SYSTEM A system which enables a vehicle’s occupants to select a desired interiortemperature, then controls the heating and air conditioning systems to maintain that temperature. This is accomplished by using varioussensors to read the “sun-load” on the interior and a temperature sensormounted in the dash; together, they direct the system to make thenecessary adjustments. An automatic climate control system is standardon Sonata LX, Santa Fe LX and Azera.

AUTO-DOWN POWER WINDOWS Power window controls that enable the user to completely lower awindow with a single push. All Elantra, Sonata, Azera, Santa Fe andTiburon models have a standard auto-down driver’s window.

ANTIFREEZE—

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—BODYSIDE CLADDING

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AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION A transmission that automatically changes gears without the driverdepressing a clutch pedal or moving a gear shift lever. Most automatictransmissions are hydraulically operated. Many new vehicles haveautomatic transmissions, which allow the driver to manually shift thetransmission via the shift lever.(See “SHIFTRONIC® AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION”)

AUTO-ON/OFF HEADLIGHT CONTROL A system that detects outside lighting conditions and automatically turnsthe head lights on or off as needed. It also turns the headlights off whenthe key is removed from the ignition. This feature is standard on Azera.

BBACKLIGHT A technical term for the rear window of an automobile.

BALANCE SHAFT A shaft used in certain engines to reduce vibration. A balance shaft isdesigned so that, as it rotates, it vibrates in a way to cancel out the naturalvibration produced by the engine. The Tucson and Santa Fe 4-cylinderengines utilize this feature.

BATTERY SAVER FEATURE All 2004 and newer Hyundai models have a battery saver feature whichallows you to leave headlights on at all times—day or night. When youturn off the ignition, remove the key and open the driver’s door, theelectrical system will automatically shut off your lights. Place the key back in the ignition and turn to the “on” position and the lights willautomatically turn on.(See “ETACS”)

BODYSIDE CLADDING A protective molding that protects the lower portions of a vehicle’s side.


BODYSIDE MOLDING A protective molding that protects a vehicle’s doors and fenders fromparking lot dings and scratches. Sometimes referred to as waistlinemolding.

BRAKE BOOSTER (POWER-ASSISTED BRAKING) A device that increases brake pressure applied by the driver to the brakepedal. Engine vacuum is used to increase the force on the brake systemso that less driver effort is required to slow or stop the vehicle. All currentHyundai vehicles have power-assisted, or boosted, brake systems.(See “BRAKE SYSTEM”)

BRAKE DISC/ROTOR (See “DISC BRAKE”)

BRAKE DRUM (See “DRUM BRAKE”)

BRAKE FADE A loss of braking effectiveness due to the overheating of a vehicle’sbrakes. This typically occurs after repeated heavy braking system use such as in downhill or high-speed braking conditions.

BRAKE LINING The replaceable friction material that is bonded to brake pads or shoes.The lining material is pressed against the face of the drum or rotor toslow or stop the vehicle.

BRAKE PAD (See “DISC BRAKE”)

BRAKE SHOE (See “DRUM BRAKE”)

BODYSIDE MOLDING—

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—CARGO NET

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BRAKE SYSTEM A hydraulic system which operates a vehicle’s brakes. A typical brakesystem includes the following components:

• Master cylinder: Pressurizes the brake fluid to activate the disc ordrum brakes at each wheel.

• Brake booster: Provides additional fluid pressure (so that brakepedal effort is less).

• Proportioning valve: Balances the amount of pressure between thefront and rear wheels.

• Brake disc or drum: Applies braking force at each wheel.

BUMPER-TO-BUMPER WARRANTY A manufacturer’s warranty that covers all parts and systems, with theexception of certain maintenance and “wear” items, such as tires andwiper blades. All Hyundai vehicles have a 5-year/60,000-mile bumper-to-bumper warranty. See owner’s handbook for complete limitedwarranty details.

C CALIPER (See “DISC BRAKE”)

CAMSHAFT A shaft located in the engine or cylinder head which opens or closes theintake and/or exhaust valves. The camshaft is driven by belts, gears or achain connected to the engine’s crankshaft. Also known as a “cam.”(See “DOHC”)

CARGO CAPACITY (VOLUME) Also referred to as cargo volume, or luggage capacity or luggage volume,it is a measurement in cubic feet of a vehicle’s capacity to carry cargo or luggage. With automobiles, cargo capacity refers to trunk space. Withstation wagons, vans and SUVs, cargo capacity is determined by the sizeof the area behind the rear seat. Some manufacturers report thismeasurement with the rear seat up and others report cargo capacity with the rear seat down. Cargo capacity is one measurement used by the EPA to help classify vehicles.

CARGO NET A net which is attached within the cargo area of a vehicle to help keepcargo from rolling around the cargo area as you drive.


Brake Disc/Drum Brake Disc/Drum

Brake Disc/Drum Brake Disc/Drum

Master CylinderBooster

Proportioning Valve

CATALYTIC CONVERTER (CATALYST) A muffler-like canister mounted in a vehicle’s exhaust system designed toreduce emissions. Catalytic converters are the primary emissions controldevice in all vehicles sold in North America. Catalytic converters typicallyuse metals such as platinum or palladium as a catalyst to chemicallyconvert some harmful emissions into water vapor and carbon dioxide.(See “EMISSIONS CONTROL SYSTEM”)

CD (COEFFICIENT OF DRAG) (See “AERODYNAMIC DRAG”)

CENTER CONSOLE A casing located between a vehicle’s front seats. A partial or mini-consoledoes not join up with the dashboard. Center consoles typically house theshifter lever and various controls and switches. Some center consolesinclude storage areas and an armrest.

CENTER OF GRAVITY The center point of a vehicle where it is balanced in every direction.Vehicles such as sports cars and most passenger cars have a lower centerof gravity. Trucks, vans and SUVs typically have a higher center ofgravity. A higher center of gravity means that the vehicle may be more likely to roll over in abrupt maneuvers.

CFC-FREE AIR CONDITIONING An air conditioning system which does not contain chlorofluorocarbons.Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) have been identified as the cause for thedepletion of the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere. All Hyundai airconditioning systems are CFC-free.

CHASSIS (UNITIZED BODY, MONOCOQUE BODY)The support and running gear of a vehicle, sometimes called theundercarriage. A chassis includes the frame, suspension, wheels, brakesand drivetrain components. In other words, it’s the complete vehicleminus the body.

CHILD SAFETY REAR DOOR LOCKS Rear door locks that can be activated to prevent a child from accidentallyopening a rear door from the inside. The feature can be disengaged byflipping a switch in the door’s rear edge.

CATALYTIC CONVERTER—

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—COIL SPRING

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CHILD SEAT ANCHORS Specially designed anchors that allow the attachment of child seat tetherstraps. The anchors are part of the ISOFIX and LATCH child seat safetysystems used on vehicles, and are located on the rear-seat package tray(the area above and behind the rear seats) on most passenger cars.

On vehicles without a rear package tray, such as hatchbacks, stationwagons, vans and SUVs, they are located at the rear of the cargo area.Most child seats manufactured after September 1, 1999, have a tetherstrap attached to the seat, which can be connected to this anchor.

CHLOROFLUOROCARBON (CFC) The active chemical ingredient used in older types of air conditioningsystems (R12). All Hyundai air conditioning systems are CFC-free.(See “CFC-FREE AIR CONDITIONING”)

CLEARCOAT (PAINT) The transparent coating applied as the final or surface coating of thevehicle’s paint. Clearcoat paints typically have a shinier, deeper look thannon-clearcoated paints.

CLIMATE CONTROL (See “AUTOMATIC CLIMATE CONTROL SYSTEM”)

CLUTCH A friction device that couples the engine to the transmission, therebycausing the vehicle to move, or allowing the engine to run when thevehicle is stopped. In a manual transmission-equipped vehicle, it is theclutch components that allow the engine to be engaged or disengagedfrom the transmission so that the driver may change gears. Automatictransmissions use hydraulically controlled clutches that perform the same basic function.

C02 (CARBON DIOXIDE) A heavy, colorless, odorless gas, present in the atmosphere or formed bythe burning of fossil fuels containing carbon, such as gasoline. Carbondioxide is also exhaled by animals and used by plants in photosynthesis.A vehicle’s catalytic converter converts some harmful emissions intowater vapor and carbon dioxide.

CO (CARBON MONOXIDE) A colorless, toxic gas produced by the incomplete burning of carbon-based fuels, including gasoline, oil and wood. High levels of carbonmonoxide exposure can cause serious health effects, including death.

COIL SPRING Spring steel shaped into a coil spiral. Coil springs are used in many placeson a typical vehicle, most commonly in the suspension. Coil springs areused on both front and rear suspensions of all Hyundai cars.(See “SUSPENSION SYSTEM”)


COMPRESSION RATIO A measurement of how tightly the engine compresses or squeezes theair/fuel mixture within its cylinders. This is determined by measuring thevolume of the cylinder when the piston is at its lowest point and dividingit by the volume when the piston is at its highest point. Typically, engineswith higher compression ratios produce more power.

COMPRESSOR (AIR CONDITIONING) The component of an air conditioning system that pressurizes therefrigerant.(See “AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM”)

CONDENSER (AIR CONDITIONING) The component of an air conditioning system that acts as a radiator toremove heat from the refrigerant.(See “AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM”)

CONSTANT VELOCITY JOINT (CV) A flexible joint in the axle shaft that is normally connected to the wheelhub. CV joints provide constant driveshaft speeds regardless of the angleof the axle. CV joints are commonly found in front-wheel-drive vehicles,where the front wheels move up and down, turn side to side, and powerthe vehicle. They are also found in the front wheels of a 4-wheel-drivesystem or in the rear wheels of rear-wheel-drive vehicles withindependent suspension.

CONTACT PATCH (TIRE) The portion of a tire tread that is in contact with the road. A largercontact patch provides greater braking and traction performance.

CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE VALVE TIMING (CVVT) Provides the performance characteristics of a larger-displacement enginewithout increasing the displacement. Engine “breathing” is optimizedwith CVVT because this system continuously adjusts the timing of theintake camshaft to improve throttle response and low-end power, allwhile minimizing emissions. CVVT eliminates the traditionalcompromise between low-end torque and high-rpm horsepower byoptimizing valve overlap throughout the engine’s speed range. The 2004and newer Elantra, 4-cylinder Tiburon models and the 2005 4-cylinderTucson have CVVT engines.

COOLANT A liquid mixture of several chemicals, including ethylene glycol, which isadded to the water in a vehicle’s cooling system to reduce the possibilityof engine overheating and system corrosion.(See “ANTIFREEZE”)

COOLANT RECOVERY SYSTEM A system that catches coolant overflow as the engine warms and thecoolant expands. The coolant is then returned to the radiator when theengine cools after it is turned off. A coolant recovery system consists of areservoir and a tube connected to the radiator.

COMPRESSION RATIO—

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—CRANKSHAFT

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COOLING SYSTEM The system that keeps an engine operating at its best operatingtemperature. Automotive engines burn fuel (gasoline or diesel fuel), whichgenerates heat. Excessive heat is harmful to an engine’s components. Theprimary task of a cooling system is to remove this heat. The cooling systemmoves coolant through the engine and the various cooling systemcomponents via a coolant pump. The coolant flows first through theengine block and cylinder heads, then into the radiator and finally back tothe pump. The radiator transfers heat from the hot coolant to the air thatis drawn through it by the cooling fan. Cooling fans can be either electricor engine-driven. Cooling systems also have a thermostat, which shuts offcoolant flow to the engine when the engine is cold and open when it’swarmed up, so that it runs at the proper operating temperature, neithertoo cold, nor too hot. The radiator cap increases the boiling point of thecoolant by maintaining a constant pressure in the system. Cooling systemsare also connected to the vehicle’s heater (core) inside the cabin.

COWL The part of a vehicle’s body structure directly under the windshield andextending from the dash inside the passenger compartment to thebulkhead in the engine compartment.

CRANKCASE EMISSIONS CONTROLSYSTEM/POSITIVE CRANKCASE VENTILATIONSYSTEM (PCV) The PCV system was developed to remove harmful engine vapors fromthe engine and to prevent those vapors from being expelled into theatmosphere. PCV systems consist of a PCV valve, which draws crankcasevapors into the engine’s intake manifold, where it is drawn into thecylinders and burned. PCV systems have been standard equipment on all new cars since the early 1960s.(See “EMISSIONS CONTROL SYSTEM”)

CRANKSHAFT An engine’s main shaft with one or more cranks, or “throws,” that areconnected via connecting rods to the engine’s pistons. The downwardmovement of the pistons is transferred to the crankshaft, causing it tospin. The crankshaft extends from both the front and the rear of anengine. Normally, the rear of the crankshaft is connected to a couplingdevice on the transmission. The front end of a crankshaft drives engineaccessories such as the water pump and the alternator.


CROSS MEMBER ASSEMBLY A structural component that bolts or is welded between a vehicle’s framerails or attaches to the subframe of a vehicle’s unibody. Cross membersadd overall strength and stability to a vehicle frame and are used asattaching points for chassis components such as transmissions.

CRUISE CONTROL A feature that allows you to maintain a predetermined set speed withyour foot removed from the accelerator pedal. The system can be turnedoff by depressing an off button or the brake pedal. Cruise control can beconvenient during long stretches of highway driving when no othertraffic is present.

CRUMPLE ZONES (CRUSH ZONES) Areas at the front and rear of a vehicle that are designed to crush in apredetermined manner and at a controlled rate in the event of a collision.Crush zones are designed to absorb collision energy before it gets to thepassenger compartment.

CRYSTAL LENS MULTI-PARABOLA HEADLAMPS A clear lens, halogen projector-type headlamp system.(See “PROJECTOR BEAM HEADLIGHTS”)

CURB WEIGHT The weight of an empty vehicle, without passengers or cargo, as it comesfrom the factory, including oil, lubricants, coolant, spare tire, tools and afull tank of fuel.

CYLINDERS The cylindrical holes in an engine block in which the pistons travel andalso where combustion of the fuel occurs. Engines are usually describedby the number of cylinders they have and how those cylinders arearranged.

CROSS MEMBER ASSEMBLY—

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CYLINDER BLOCK Also referred to as the “engine block,” it is the core of an engine whichhouses the cylinders and to which other engine parts are attached. It isusually a machined cast piece of iron or aluminum, which includes theupper crankcase.

CYLINDER HEAD The upper part of the engine that attaches to the cylinder block directlyabove the cylinders. The cylinder head seals the cylinders and houses thecombustion chamber, intake and exhaust ports, spark plugs, and most ofthe valve train. Cylinder heads can be made of iron or aluminum.

D DEALER INVOICE The price that the dealer pays the manufacturer for a vehicle, notincluding hold-backs or incentives.

DE-ICER (See “WINDSHIELD WIPER DE-ICER”)

DIFFERENTIAL A gear assembly located between the driven wheels that transfers theengine power coming from the transmission to the drive wheels.Differentials allow one wheel to spin at a different speed than the otherwhen turning a corner. When a vehicle turns a corner, the outside wheelshave to travel faster than the inside wheels. Differentials allow the twowheels to spin at different speeds to reduce drivetrain and tire stresses.

DIRECTIONAL STABILITY The ability of a vehicle to maintain a course of travel even when thewheels encounter road surface irregularities.

DISC BRAKE A brake with a caliper astride a rotor. When the brake pedal is applied,the caliper squeezes the rotor between two pads lined with frictionmaterial. Disc brakes operate more efficiently at high temperatures andunder wet conditions than drum brakes.

—DISC BRAKE

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CALIPER

ROTOR

DISPLACEMENT The total volume of an engine’s cylinders, usually measured in liters orcubic inches.

DISTRIBUTOR IGNITION (DI) SYSTEM An ignition system that uses a distributor to time and power an engine’sspark plugs. A distributor is an adjustable rotating mechanical switchdriven by the engine via a gear.(See “IGNITION SYSTEM”)

DISTRIBUTORLESS IGNITION SYSTEM(ELECTRONIC IGNITION SYSTEM) An ignition system which does not utilize a distributor to time andpower an engine’s spark plugs. Distributorless ignition systems utilizeonly electrical components to perform the same functions of adistributor ignition system. This eliminates many wear items and reduces the number of parts and high-voltage wires in the ignitionsystem. All current Hyundai models feature distributorless electronicignition systems.(See “IGNITION SYSTEM”)

DOHC (DUAL OVERHEAD CAMS) Refers to a pair of camshafts which are mounted above an engine’s valves in the cylinder head. One cam operates the intake valves and oneactivates the exhaust valves. DOHC camshafts typically activate the valves directly, requiring fewer moving parts than other types of enginevalvetrains, resulting in less inertia and wear. Also known as “twin cam.”(See “CAMSHAFT”)

DOOR SCUFF PLATES Special trim plates located along the inside of the door opening on thevehicle’s body. Door scuff plates cover the painted metal in this area andoffer a scratch-resistant decorative appearance.

DRAG COEFFICIENT (See “AERODYNAMIC DRAG”)

“DRIVE-BY-WIRE” THROTTLE An engine throttle which operates electronically instead of mechanically.The Hyundai “Drive-by-Wire” throttle system uses an AcceleratorPosition Sensor (APS) which sends an electronic signal (depending upon the accelerator pedal position) to the Throttle Valve ControlModule (TVCM), which opens and closes the throttle. Drive-by-Wire(electronic) throttle is designed to be more responsive than a mechanicallinkage system and reduces engine complexity.

DISPLACEMENT—

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—DUAL-MODE AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION

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DRIVE SHAFT The shaft that transmits power from the transmission or transfer case tothe differential(s). In a rear-wheel-drive vehicle, the driveshaft transmitspower to the differential. 4-wheel-drive vehicles may use two driveshafts,one for the front and one for the rear differential. Front-wheel-drivevehicles do not utilize a driveshaft since they combine the transmissionand differential into the transaxle.

DRIVETRAIN The components of a vehicle that create and transmit power to thewheels. A drivetrain consists of the engine, transmission or transaxle,differential, universal joints or CV joints, transfer case (4-wheel-drivevehicles), and any connecting shafts.

DRUM BRAKE A braking system that utilizes a drum with two shoes and a hydraulicpiston. The drum rotates with the wheel and curved brake shoes arepressed against the inside of the drum to slow or stop the wheel. Manycars use a front disc/rear drum brake combination.

DUAL BRAKING SYSTEM A braking system that has two separate hydraulic braking circuits toprevent a complete loss of braking in the event of a brake componentsystem malfunction. In all Hyundai vehicles, the circuits are divideddiagonally, meaning that the left front and right rear wheels are on onecircuit, while the front right and rear left wheels are on another circuit.This provides better directional control should one circuit malfunction.(See “BRAKE SYSTEM”)

DUAL EXHAUST An exhaust system that has two separate exhaust pipes, mufflers andother components. Dual exhaust systems are typically used in sporty orperformance vehicles with V-type engines because they offer less exhaustback pressure, which increases engine power. Dual exhaust systems alsohave a sporty exhaust sound and are valued for their performance look aswell. All Tiburons with a V6 engine have a performance-tuned dualexhaust system.

DUAL-MODE AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION An automatic transmission which allows the driver to select fullyautomatic mode or manual mode. In manual mode, the transmissiondoes not shift until prompted by the driver. Hyundai Tiburon, Azera,Sonata, Tucson and Santa Fe feature automatic transmissions withSHIFTRONIC®, a dual-mode automatic transmission.(See “SHIFTRONIC® AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION”)


E ELECTROCHROMATIC AUTO-DIMMING INSIDEREARVIEW MIRROR An inside rearview mirror that automatically “dims” the mirror duringnight driving conditions for superior rear visibility. Sensors that areimbedded in the mirror sense when headlights from other vehicles areshining through the rear window and automatically adjust the mirror toeliminate glare. This feature is standard on all Azera models, Santa Fe LXand Sonata LX.

ELECTRONICALLY CONTROLLED AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION An automatic transmission that is controlled by a vehicle’s on-boardcomputer. The computer calculates when to change gears and when tolock up the torque converter based upon information it receives fromsensors in the engine and transmission. This results in more efficientshifting, smoother operation and higher fuel economy.(See “ADAPTIVE AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION”)

ELECTRONIC BRAKE FORCE DISTRIBUTION (EBD) Electronic Brake Force Distribution (EBD) proportions brake force toeach wheel individually, based on the driving conditions and availabletraction. For example, in an emergency straight-line braking situation,EBD automatically provides more brake pressure to the front brakes toprevent the unweighted rear wheels from locking. And, if the driver isbraking while steering through a corner, EBD automatically controls thebrake forces between the left and right wheels, which helps maintainoptimum vehicle stability. Additionally, the system will adjust brakepressures front and rear as well if there is more weight being carried inthe rear compartment.

ELECTRONIC STABILITY CONTROL (ESC) ESC compares the driver’s intended course, via steering and braking inputs, tothe vehicle’s response, via lateral acceleration, rotation (yaw) and individualwheel speeds. If it senses a loss of traction in a turn, such as caused by slipperysurfaces, uneven traction or too high a speed for conditions, ESC then brakesthe individual front or rear wheels and/or reduces excess engine power asneeded to help correct understeer (plowing) or oversteer (fishtailing). In manycases, ESC reacts before the driver is aware of a loss of traction, helping to keepthe vehicle on the road and upright. Studies by the National Highway TrafficSafety Administration (NHTSA) indicate ESC reduces fatalities in single-vehicle accidents by 30% in passenger cars and 60% in SUVs. This is a keyreason why Hyundai is leading the industry in the standard application of thisfeature. It’s important to share this information with sales prospects forTucson, Sonata and Azera—all of which have standard ESC.

ELR (EMERGENCY LOCKING RETRACTORS)SEATBELTS A type of seatbelt system that allows the seatbelt to extend and retractwith occupant movement, but will lock during a sudden stop or impact.This type of seatbelt provides greater occupant comfort while retainingemergency locking capability when needed. ELR is on all 3-pointseatbelts of Hyundai vehicles.

ELECTROCHROMATIC AUTO-DIMMING—

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E

—EPA (ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY)

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EMERGENCY TRUNK RELEASE A glow-in-the-dark trunk release handle located inside a vehicle’s trunk.When pulled, this lever will open the trunk from the inside and allow anoccupant who may have accidentally become locked in to exit. Thisfeature is standard on all Hyundai sedans. Tiburon, Tucson and Santa Femodels do not need this feature, as their cargo area is open to thepassenger compartment.

EMISSIONS CONTROL Any device that reduces vehicle exhaust or fuel emissions.

EMISSIONS CONTROL SYSTEM The vehicle system designed to reduce exhaust and fuel emissions.Modern emissions control systems utilize a sophisticated computer tocontinuously monitor the system’s various emissions controls and makeautomatic adjustments to maintain government emissions standards. Atypical emissions control system consists of a positive crankcaseventilation system (PCV), exhaust gas circulation system (EGR), catalyticconverter, oxygen sensors, emissions control computer and othercomponents.

ENGINE Engines come in various sizes, configurations and power capabilities.Some of the most common engine types currently used in the industry:

• I-4: An engine with the cylinders arranged in a line; in this case fourcylinders

• V6: An engine with cylinders arranged in a “V” configuration; inthis case six cylinders

• OHV (overhead valve): An engine with the valves over thecamshaft. Also known as a “pushrod” engine

• SOHC (single overhead cam): An engine with a single camshaftover the valves

• DOHC (dual overhead cam): An engine with two cams over thevalves

• 4-Valve: An engine with four valves per cylinder; some cars use two,three or even five valves per cylinder

ENGINE BLOCK (See “CYLINDER BLOCK”)

ENGINE CONTROL UNIT/MODULE (ECU/ECM) The primary on-board computer that controls the engine’s spark timingand air/fuel mixture. The ECU or ECM may also be linked to other on-board computers controlling the operation of the vehicle’s transmissionor brakes.

EPA (ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY) The EPA is the federal agency (established in 1970) responsible forestablishing and verifying vehicle exhaust emissions standards. The EPA also tests vehicles to determine the fuel economy estimates found on a new vehicle’s Monroney label and in the EPA’s own Fuel Economy Guide.


ERGONOMICS The science and technology of human engineering. When applied tomotor vehicles, ergonomics refers to the seating position, the placementof controls and the overall comfort of a vehicle.

ETACS (ELECTRONIC TIME AND ALARM CONTROLSYSTEM) The Electronic Time and Alarm Control System consolidates the timingand control functions into one computer module. This simplifies thewiring of multiple comfort, convenience and security features. It alsoallows these features to interact with each other, increasing theirfunctionality and convenience. A few features controlled by the ETACS are:

• Intermittent windshield wipers • Windshield wiper with washer control • Rear window defogger • Driver seatbelt unbuckled warning • Ignition key in ignition reminder • Central door lock control • Keyless entry and alarm control • Power window relay delay off after ignition off• Dome light dim to off• Azera auto-on/off headlights

ETR (ELECTRONICALLY TUNED RADIO) A type of radio that electronically tunes radio stations. ETR stereos tunewith more precision than a manually tuned radio and provide additionalcapabilities such as station seek and scan.

EUROPEAN-TUNED SUSPENSION A suspension tuned to suit European driving styles. A European-tunedsuspension typically has a stiffer ride and better handling than a typicalAmerican-tuned suspension.

EXHAUST MANIFOLD A ducting system that routes exhaust gases from the cylinder headexhaust ports to the exhaust system.

EXTERIOR DIMENSIONS The external measurements in inches of a vehicle:

1. Length: The distance between the vehicle’s front and rear bumpers2. Height: The height from the ground to the top of the vehicle’s roof3. Width: The width of a vehicle at its widest point; typically, it does

not include the rearview mirrors4. Front track: The distance between the centerline of a vehicle’s

front wheels 5. Rear track: The distance between the centerline of a vehicle’s

rear wheels 6. Wheelbase: The distance between the front and rear axles

ERGONOMICS—

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—4-VALVE HEAD

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F FILTER (AIR, OIL AND FUEL)Any device used to remove foreign particles or impurities from air, oil,fuel or other fluid. Air, oil and fuel filters are used in all vehicle engines toprevent foreign particles from damaging the engine. In addition, somevehicles use filters to clean the air coming into the passenger cabin.

FINAL DRIVE, FINAL DRIVE RATIO The gear ratio in a vehicle’s differential, expressing the number of turnsrequired by the differential’s input shaft (i.e., the pinion) to drive the axleone revolution. For example, a ratio of 2.73:1 means the pinion turns2.73 times to turn the axle once. A higher number means a lower (orshorter) gear, which provides better acceleration at the expense of topspeed and fuel economy. Conversely, a lower number means a higher (ortaller) gear, which provides higher top speed and fuel economy at theexpense of acceleration.

FOG/DRIVING LIGHTS These auxiliary lights are used to improve visibility in poor lightingconditions. They are typically mounted below the main headlights.Fog lights are standard on many Hyundai models.

FOLDING REAR SEATS Rear seats whose seatbacks can be folded to increase a vehicle’s cargocapacity. There are several folding rear seat designs. A full folding rearseat means the entire seatback folds as one piece. Split folding rear seatmeans that the seatback is split into two sections, which can be foldedindependently. This allows one seatback to remain up so an occupant canuse the seat. A split folding rear seat typically has one seatback larger thanthe other to allow maximum flexibility as in a 60/40 split. Split foldingrear seats are standard on all Hyundai vehicles.

FOOT-POUND (POUND-FOOT) A measure of the torque produced by the vehicle’s engine. Torque is ameasure of how much force acting on an object causes that object (theengines crankshaft in this case) to rotate.(See “TORQUE”)

FORCE LIMITERS (See “SEATBELT LIMITERS”)

4-VALVE HEAD A cylinder head design which features four valves per cylinder (instead of two) for increased efficiency and performance. 4-valve heads offerimproved airflow into and out of the engine’s cylinders by using twoexhaust and two intake valves.


F

4-WHEEL DRIVE (4WD) A drivetrain that has the capability of distributing power to all four of avehicle’s wheels. 4-wheel-drive systems offer greater traction for poorroad conditions, and can allow a vehicle to go off-road as well. There are several types of 4-wheel-drive systems.(See “FULL-TIME 4-WHEEL-DRIVE”)

4-WHEEL INDEPENDENT SUSPENSION A suspension system that permits each wheel of a vehicle to react to roadconditions independently of the other wheels. This results in better rideand handling characteristics. 4-wheel independent suspensions arestandard on all Hyundai vehicles.(See “SUSPENSION SYSTEM”)

FRAME The structural, load bearing component of a vehicle that supports andpositions the body and major mechanical components. The frame acts as a vehicle’s “backbone.”(See also “SUB-FRAME,” “MONOCOQUE” and “UNIBODY”)

FRONT AIR DAM A spoiler located below the front bumper. Air dams are designed toreduce the flow of air under a vehicle in order to increase stability. Theycan also be designed to increase airflow to radiators, reduce aerodynamicdrag and/or reduce lift. Tiburon has a deep front air dam.

FRONT-WHEEL-DRIVE (FWD) A drivetrain system that powers a vehicle’s front wheels. Under certaindriving conditions, front-wheel drive provides better traction than rear-wheel-drive (RWD) systems because more weight is on the front wheels.Front-wheel-drive systems also allow vehicles to be designed with moreinterior space because the engine and drivetrain are all concentrated atthe front of the vehicle. All Hyundai vehicles feature front-wheel drive,with the exception of 4-wheel-drive models.

FUEL INJECTION A type of fuel system that injects a precise amount of fuel into anengine’s cylinder at precisely the right time. The simplest fuel injectionsystems are known as Throttle Body Fuel Injection (TBI), which usesingle or dual injectors in a central chamber, which supplies all of thecylinders. The more sophisticated systems are known as port or multi-port fuel injection (MPFI) systems, which position an injector ahead ofthe intake valve(s) of each cylinder. Fuel injection systems are moreefficient than carburetors and provide more power, reduced emissionsand improved fuel economy. All Hyundai engines use electronicallycontrolled multi-port fuel injection.

4-WHEEL DRIVE—

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FUEL INJECTOR

—GALVANIZED STEEL

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FULL CLOTH SEAT UPHOLSTERY A deluxe type of upholstery which uses cloth on all sides of a seat. Lessexpensive upholstery has cloth only on the seating surfaces, with vinyl on the sides and rear of a seat.

FULL-LOGIC TAPE DECK A cassette tape player with full-logic controls instead of mechanical,spring-loaded controls found in older or less expensive tape players.Hyundai models that come with a cassette tape player have a full-logictape deck.

FULL-SIZE SPARE TIRE A full-size spare tire can be used as a direct replacement for the vehicle’stires. Temporary spare tires are for short-term emergency use only andshould not be driven at speeds over 50 mph. All 2004 and newer Santa Feand Azera models have a full-size spare tire.

FULL-TIME 4-WHEEL DRIVE A drivetrain that distributes engine power to all four wheels all of thetime, automatically transferring power from the wheels that slip to thewheels with better traction. This provides the driver with enhancedcontrol and traction under most driving conditions. Full-time 4-wheeldrive is designed primarily to improve traction and performance onpaved roads and highways in wet and/or slippery conditions. Full-time 4-wheel drive is available on Santa Fe 2.7L GLS, 4WD models.

FULLY AUTOMATIC AIR CONDITIONING (See “AUTOMATIC CLIMATE CONTROL SYSTEM”)

GGThe symbol for gravity, used to measure to measure a vehicle’s corneringor handling ability. One g equals 32.2 feet/second/second (32 ft./S2),which is the rate at which any object accelerates when dropped at sealevel—it is also what determines our weight. If a vehicle were cornering at 1.0 g, the occupants’ bodies would be pushed sideways with the sameforce as their body weight. Few production vehicles are capable ofapproaching 1.0 g when cornering. Factors which determine a vehicle’scornering ability are tire design, its center of gravity and suspensiondesign.

GALVANIZED STEEL Steel which has been electrochemically coated with zinc to preventcorrosion.


GAS SHOCK ABSORBER A shock absorber with a pressurized nitrogen gas chamber in addition to or in place of the traditional air/oil combination. Gas-filled shockabsorbers respond more quickly than normal shocks and do not fatigueunder hard use. Hyundai equips Tiburon, Sonata and Azera withstandard gas shock absorbers.

GAUGES (INSTRUMENTATION) The instruments in a vehicle which measure vehicle variables, such asspeed and engine temperature, and communicate them to the driver.Most vehicles have a speedometer, engine temperature gauge and fuelgauge. A tachometer is frequently found on many vehicles. Other gaugesthat are less frequently installed are engine oil pressure gauge, engine oiltemperature gauge, an amp meter or volt meter, and a fuel economy(engine vacuum) gauge.

GPS (GLOBAL POSITIONING SATELLITE)GPS is a satellite system devised for use by the U.S. military that has been released for public use. Through triangulation, the satellites candetermine the location of a sensor within a few feet. Its automotiveapplication is in the use of vehicle navigation systems and vehicletracking/communication and concierge systems such as General Motors OnStar®.

GROUND CLEARANCE The distance measured from the lowest point underneath a vehicle to thelevel ground below.(See “EXTERIOR DIMENSIONS”)

GROUND EFFECTS The use of various aerodynamic devices, such as spoilers and side skirts,to harness the air that travels under a vehicle in order to create downforceat high speeds, which improves stability and control. Ground effectstechnology was pioneered in Formula One race cars in the 1970s and1980s.

GROSS VEHICLE WEIGHT RATING (GVWR) The maximum allowable loaded vehicle weight, including the vehicle andits equipment, fluids, occupants and cargo.

GAS SHOCK ABSORBER—

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Inert Gas

—HOMELINK®

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HHALF SHAFTThe individual axle shafts that connect the drive wheels to either side ofthe differential. On Hyundai passenger cars, the half shafts connect thetransaxle to the front wheels.(See “DRIVETRAIN”)

HALOGEN HEADLIGHTS Headlights with special light bulbs inside that provide brighterillumination than conventional light bulbs. They are named for thehalogen gas used inside the light bulbs. Halogen headlights last longerand use less energy than conventional light bulbs.

HANDLING A subjective measure of a vehicle’s steering and cornering capabilities.(See “G”)

HEAD ROOM A measurement, usually in inches, of the available space between the baseof the seat and the interior’s roof.(See “INTERIOR MEASUREMENTS”)

HID (HIGH-INTENSITY DISCHARGE) HEADLIGHTS (see “XENON HEADLIGHTS”)

HIP ROOM A measurement, usually in inches, of the available space between thedoor panels, at the hip level.(See “INTERIOR MEASUREMENTS”)

HIVEC (HYUNDAI INTELLIGENT VEHICLEELECTRONIC CONTROL) An electronic automatic transmission control system that uses “fuzzy-logic” to minimize upshifts and downshifts on grades.

HOMELINK®

HomeLink® is an integrated transceiver (a transmitter and receiver) that can be programmed to activate radio frequency (RF) devices such as garage doors, estate/community gates, entry door locks, home/officelighting, security systems or other RF devices. Through a simple trainingprocess, HomeLink® duplicates the codes of the original transmitter.HomeLink® is also capable of learning rolling (encrypted) codes.HomeLink® is available on many Hyundai models.


H

HORSEPOWER (HP) A calculated value indicating an engine’s power capability usually cited ata specific engine rpm. One unit of horsepower is the power required tolift 550 pounds one foot off the ground in one second.

HVAC The abbreviation for a vehicle’s Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioningsystems.

HYDRAULIC ENGINE MOUNTS Engine mounts that are filled with hydraulic fluid to reduce enginevibration transmitted into the vehicle’s interior. Most vehicles use rubbermotor mounts. Hydraulic motor mounts are standard on Azera andTiburon.

HYDRAULIC VALVE LIFTER (LASH ADJUSTER) A valve lifter—or lash adjuster—that continually keeps an engine’svalvetrain in adjustment, reducing maintenance costs. Hydraulic valvelifters use pressurized engine oil to automatically adjust the length of thelifter to maintain zero clearance between the cam, the lifter and therocker arm. Hydraulic valve lifters are standard on all Hyundai models.

HYDROCARBON (HC) Any of many compounds containing hydrogen and carbon, such asgasoline, diesel fuel and kerosene. Unburned hydrocarbons combine with nitrogen oxides in the presence of sunlight to form smog.

II-4 ENGINE (See “ENGINE”)

IGNITION SYSTEM The engine system that ignites the mixture of air and fuel that flows intothe cylinders. Ignition systems typically include a distributor or controlmodule, a coil and spark plugs. The coil generates high voltage to thedistributor or control module, which distributes the high voltage to eachspark plug at a precise moment (referred to as “timing”).(See “DISTRIBUTOR IGNITION SYSTEM,” “DISTRIBUTORLESSIGNITION SYSTEM,” “TIMING”)

HORSEPOWER (HP)—

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—INTAKE MANIFOLD

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IMMOBILIZER IGNITION KEYIntroduced on the 2006 Azera, this is a theft prevention system that usesan ignition key containing a microchip transponder. When inserted intothe ignition switch, the transponder sends an ID code to the immobilizerECU. When the immobilizer ECU verifies that the code is correct, it sendsa second code to the engine control module signaling that it is okay forthe engine to run. If the correct code is not verified and a second codegenerated, the engine will not start. Each time the ignition is turned offthe ECM generates a new code that will be used for the next start. What’simportant for your customers to understand is that this special ignitionkey does not require a battery and that extra keys cannot be duplicated bya local locksmith, but must be made at your local Hyundai dealership.Each Azera comes with two main keys and one valet key. If a key is lost or additional keys are needed, all existing keys must be brought to thedealership to be reprogrammed to match the new key’s programming.Immobilizer ignition keys are a theft deterrent.

INDEPENDENT REAR VENTILATION A ventilation system for rear-seat occupants.

INDEPENDENT SUSPENSION (See “4-WHEEL INDEPENDENT SUSPENSION”)

IN-GLASS ANTENNA A radio antenna imbedded in either the rear or side glass of a vehicle.Vehicles with in-glass antennas have cleaner exterior styling as theantenna is practically invisible. Also, in-glass antennas are less prone to damage or vandalism than traditional fender-mounted antennas.All Sonata and Azera models feature a standard in-glass rear antenna.

INTAKE MANIFOLD A ducting system that routes the incoming air from the throttle body tothe intake ports in the cylinder head(s). An intake manifold is made upof a large chamber (plenum) which has passages (runners) attached to it.The air enters the plenum and then is routed through the runners intoeach cylinder’s intake port, where fuel is injected.


INTEGRATED MEMORY SYSTEM (IMS)A system which can save a number of individual driver settings likepower-seat and power-mirror settings. With this system, once someonesets the power driver’s selections into the integrated memory system, theseat position and other settings will automatically activate when thedriver uses their remote entry or activates their selection using the doorkey pad. This allows the driver to retrieve those settings automaticallywith the push of a single button, after someone else has driven the car.Azera’s integrated memory system allows two different memory settingsto be stored.

INTERIOR DIMENSIONS Key interior measurements of the roominess of a vehicle’s interior.Interior dimensions are provided at fixed standardized points within avehicle’s interior. The measurements are done to standards set by theSociety of Automotive Engineers (SAE). Some key measurementsinclude:

• Head room (inches): The distance from the bottom of the seat to the roof headliner

• Hip room (inches): The distance between the door panels at thehip level

• Leg room (inches): The distance from the back of the seat to theaccelerator pedal or seat in front

• Shoulder room (inches): The distance between the door panels atthe shoulder level

INTERIOR (PASSENGER) VOLUME A measure in cubic feet of the size of a vehicle’s interior. Interior volumeincludes the height, width and length dimensions of the passenger cabinthat includes the seat width, head room and leg room of the vehicle. TheEPA classifies vehicles depending on the total passenger volume plus thecargo volume.

INTERMITTENT WINDSHIELD WIPERS Windshield wipers that can be set to operate at set timed intervals insteadof a constant speed. Intermittent wipers can be fixed (several preset timedelays) or variable (infinite adjustment of the intervals). Intermittentwindshield wipers are a benefit in light rain or drizzle, where a constantwiping of the glass is not necessary.

ISOFIX The European reference to LATCH.(See “LATCH SYSTEM”)

INTEGRATED MEMORY SYSTEM (IMS)—

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—LIFTER

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K KEYLESS ENTRY SYSTEM A system that uses a small radio transmitter to command a vehicle tolock or unlock the doors, allowing the user to perform these functionsremotely without having to use a key. Keyless entry systems feature asmall fob with button controls to lock or unlock a vehicle’s doors. Somekeyless entry systems are integrated into an alarm system as well.

KNOCK SENSOR A sensor mounted on an engine that detects the high-frequencyvibrations that are the early signs of engine damaging “pinging,”“knocking” or “pre-ignition.” A computerized engine control systemwhich utilizes a knock sensor allows an engine to operate with improvedpower and efficiency by controlling the engine ignition timing, so that itis maximized for power and economy, while keeping it just below thepre-ignition area under constantly changing engine demands.

LLATCH SYSTEM Lower Anchors and Tethers for CHildren (LATCH), an acronym used forthe universal child seat anchoring system. The system uses two horizontalbars to attach the lower part of a child restraint to the vehicle. The barsare located in the space between the seatback and bottom cushion of therear seat. Additionally, a supplemental anchor point is provided to attacha child seat’s tether strap.

LATERAL ACCELERATION The sideways g force that is felt when a vehicle is driven around a turn.(See “G”)

LCD (LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY) A type of display used in many electronic automotive devices such asdigital clocks, radios, climate controls and trip computers. LCDs use twosheets of polarized material with a liquid crystal solution in between.When an electric current passes through the liquid, the crystals align sothat no light passes through them. Basically, the crystals act like shuttersarranging themselves to let only the light needed to display informationthrough. LCDs provide easy to see displays of information in automotiveradios, clocks, and climate controls.

LEG ROOM (FRONT AND REAR) (See “INTERIOR DIMENSIONS”)

LIFTER (See “VALVE LIFTER”)


K

LIMITED-SLIP DIFFERENTIAL A differential that splits torque to the rear wheels based on availabletraction—when one wheel begins to slip, power is automaticallytransferred to the other wheel. Limited-slip differentials ensure that both drive wheels are supplied with some torque even when one is on aslippery surface. Limited-slip differentials are helpful during cornering or in poor-traction conditions, such as snow or gravel.

LIVE AXLE A rigid axle which incorporates a differential and axle shafts to power thewheels, usually found in some rear-wheel-drive vehicles. Vehicles with alive rear axle cannot have an independent rear suspension. Live axles aretypically found in vehicles that are intended to carry a heavy load, such aspick-up trucks and commercial vehicles.

LOAD 1. The amount of weight placed in a vehicle.2. A demand for power placed upon the engine.

LOCK-UP TORQUE CONVERTER A torque converter that has a special clutch that is automatically engagedat a preset condition to lock the torque converter’s input shaft to theengine’s output shaft, resulting in improved fuel economy. All Hyundaivehicles with automatic transmissions utilize a lock-up torque converter.

LUMBAR SUPPORT A feature found in some seats that allows the occupant to adjust theamount of lower back, or “lumbar,” support. Driver’s adjustable lumbarsupport is standard on Sonata GLS and LX, and all Elantra, Tiburon,Santa Fe and Azera models.

M MACPHERSON STRUT A component of an independent suspension that combines the coilspring and shock absorber into one simple, space-saving unit.MacPherson struts are most commonly used in the front of a vehicle,although they can also be used in the rear. This design uses fewer parts,weighs less and requires less maintenance than traditional suspensions.

MAIN BEARINGS The soft metal shell-shaped bearings that support the crankshaft of anengine. The main bearings allow the crankshaft to spin within the engineblock and main bearing caps with minimal wear and friction. They arelubricated with pressurized oil supplied by the engine’s oil pump.

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—MICRO ANTENNA

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MAIN BEARING CAPS Semicircular caps which are bolted to the engine block and hold themain bearings and crankshaft in place. Each main bearing has its ownbearing cap.(See “CRANKSHAFT”)

MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE A schedule of recommended service established by a vehicle’smanufacturer to ensure a long, trouble-free life for the vehicle.Maintenance schedules are typically set up at predetermined mileageand/or time intervals. Maintenance schedules cover engine, emissions,drivetrain, brakes, suspension, air conditioning system and othercomponents. These components benefit from regular maintenance,which involves checking the condition of components (and replacing if necessary), adjustments and lubrication.

MANIFOLD A component that has chambers and/or passages designed to route gases.Most automotive engines have an intake manifold and an exhaustmanifold(s).(See “INTAKE MANIFOLD,” “EXHAUST MANIFOLD”)

MANUAL TRANSMISSION A transmission that requires the driver to manually select gears andengage or disengage the transmission from the engine via a clutch pedal.Vehicles with manual transmissions require the driver to monitor enginespeed, vehicle speed and gear selection, but typically offer improvedperformance and fuel economy gains over vehicles with automatictransmissions. Manual transmissions also weigh less and have fewercomponents than automatic transmissions.

MASTER CYLINDER A cylinder attached to a reservoir of hydraulic fluid which supplieshydraulic pressure into a sealed system. A brake master cylinder is used in a braking system to supply hydraulic pressure to the wheel brakes. Aclutch master cylinder is used in vehicles with hydraulically operatedclutches to supply pressure to a slave cylinder, which operates the clutch.(See “BRAKING SYSTEM”)

MICRO ANTENNA A small radio antenna (approximately six inches long) mounted on thecenter rear of the roof. It has a stylish swept back look and can be foldeddown to clear roof rack cargo and still receive normal radio reception.Tucson, Santa Fe and the 2006 Accent have a micro antenna.


MID-RANGE SPEAKER A type of speaker that is designed to reproduce the mid-level tones in anaudio system.

MONRONEY LABEL The sticker that is pasted on a window of a new vehicle. It is named after the senator who introduced legislation mandating that all newvehicles have a consumer information label. The label displays thevehicle’s base price, major standard equipment, itemized prices foroptional equipment, freight charges and the total MSRP. Monroneylabels also include information about fuel economy estimates, EPAcategory and emissions information.

MONOCOQUE (See “UNIBODY”)

MOONROOF Section of a vehicle’s roof that opens, either manually or motorized, asdesired, to introduce sunlight or additional airflow into the passengercompartment.(See “SUNROOF”)

MP3 PLAYER MP3 is a music compression format. It enables large amounts of musicto be stored in less space. Roughly 20 songs converted to the MP3 formatcan fit into the same space as one CD song. MP3 was first popular insmall, pocket-sized devices that stored literally thousands of songs. Onthe Hyundai vehicles with a Kenwood MP3 player, the songs aredownloaded to the player on a CD that the consumer has created on acomputer. This allows a multitude of custom song lists on a single CD.

MPG The acronym for miles per gallon, it is an indicator of a vehicle’s fueleconomy. These fuel economy estimates are the results of tests requiredby the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). They are used by theEPA to certify that vehicles meet Federal fuel economy standards. Thereare two types of mpg estimates: city and highway. These numbers aredisplayed on a vehicle’s Monroney label.

MSRP The acronym for Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price, it is the retailselling price recommended by the manufacturer. It does not includeapplicable destination charges, state and local taxes, license fees, specialitems, or service. Also known as the “sticker” price.

MID-RANGE SPEAKER—

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—O2 SENSOR

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MUFFLER A canister with internal baffles and sound-insulating materials that isattached to a vehicle’s exhaust pipes to reduce a vehicle’s exhaust noise.Some mufflers are tuned to create a distinct exhaust sound. High-performance mufflers are designed to provide less back pressure, whichmay increase engine power.

MULTI-ADJUSTABLE SEAT A seat that can be adjusted in various ways.(See “4-, 6- AND 8-WAY ADJUSTABLE SEATS”)

MULTI-LINK SUSPENSION A suspension system which has a number of links or arms that givelongitudinal, vertical and lateral support to the wheels. Multi-linksuspensions, while more expensive to manufacture than pure strut-typerear suspensions, typically provide greater suspension travel andconsistent tire control over a wider range of conditions, for superior rideand handling characteristics. All Hyundai vehicles have rear multi-linksuspension designs.(See “SUSPENSION SYSTEM”)

MULTI-POINT INJECTION (MPI)/MULTI-PORT FUEL INJECTION (MFI) The same as port injection where one fuel injector is placed just ahead ofthe intake port at each cylinder.(See “FUEL INJECTION”)

N NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) Gases produced from burning fuels, including gasoline, diesel and coal.Nitrogen oxides are smog-formers, which react with volatile organiccompounds to form smog. Nitrogen oxides are also major componentsin acid rain.

O02 SENSOR The primary measurement device of exhaust gases for the engine controlcomputer in a car to determine if the fuel mixture is too rich or too lean.Oxygen (02) sensors are used to achieve good fuel economy, lowemissions and good power.


OCCUPANT CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM (OCS) The Occupant Classification System detects the presence of a passengerin the front passenger’s seat and turns off the front passenger’s airbagunder certain conditions. With OCS, if the front passenger’s seat isunoccupied or occupied by a passenger and the indicator displays:“PASSENGER AIRBAG OFF,” the front passenger’s airbags will beturned off and will not deploy in a frontal crash. If the “PASSENGERAIRBAG OFF” indicator is not illuminated, the passenger’s airbag willdeploy in a frontal crash. All 2004 and newer Elantra, 2006 Accent, 2006Sonata and Azera models have OCS.

• Luggage or other cargo should not be placed on the frontpassenger’s seat. This can allow the deployment of the frontpassenger’s and/or side airbag in the case of an accident.

• Even with OCS, a child restraint system must never be placed in thefront seat; recommend to your customers that all children underage 13 should ride in the back seat.

OCTANE A unit of measurement intended to indicate the tendency of fuel todetonate. The higher the rating, the greater the resistance to detonationby the fuel. Normally, higher performance engines require higher octanerated fuels.

ODOMETER An instrument that records the distance traveled. It is usually locatednear or below the speedometer.

OEM (ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURER)Refers to the original manufacturer of the vehicle (i.e., Hyundai isconsidered to be an OEM).

ON-DEMAND 4-WHEEL DRIVE This type of system is the pinnacle of safety and convenience in 4-wheeldrive. As found in Santa Fe LX and GLS with the 3.5-liter engine and all4-wheel-drive Tucsons, it consists of an electronically controlled transfercase that, when sensing wheel slip, will transfer power to the whicheveraxle, front or rear that is not currently slipping. Under dry, straightconditions, the system runs with 99% of its power to the front wheels,saving fuel and providing superior front-wheel-drive traction. When slipis detected, it will automatically (quicker than a driver can push a button)move up to 50% of the power to the rear wheels, or any ratio in betweento minimize slip. Tucson models also have a 50/50 lock button, for off-road conditions, so a driver can choose to lock the ratio.

ONE-TOUCH AUTO-DOWN POWER WIDOWS (See “AUTO-DOWN POWER WINDOWS”)

OVERALL HEIGHT (See “EXTERIOR DIMENSIONS”)

OCCUPANT CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM (OCS)—

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—PASSENGER PRESENCE DETECTION (PPD)

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OVERALL LENGTH (See “EXTERIOR DIMENSIONS”)

OVERALL WIDTH (See “EXTERIOR DIMENSIONS”)

OVERDRIVE Overdrive is specialized gearing within a transmission that provides afinal drive ratio of less than 1:1. This allows the driveshaft to rotate fasterthan the engine crankshaft. Normally engaged only at highway speeds,overdrive allows the engine to operate at lower rpm, providing enhancedfuel economy and quieter operation and minimizes wear-and-tear on theengine.

OVERHEAD CAM (OHC) The type of engine configuration in which the engine’s camshaft ismounted above the cylinder head(s). Overhead cam engines typically arelighter in weight, have fewer moving parts and can run at higher rpmthan engines using push-rod valvetrains.

OVERHEAD VALVE (OHV) An engine with both intake and exhaust valves placed directly over thepiston, but with its camshaft placed in the cylinder block and actuatingthe valves through push rods and rocker arms. Also known as a “push-rod” engine.

PPASSENGER PRESENCE DETECTION (PPD) The Passenger Presence Detection system detects the presence of apassenger in the right front seat. If no passenger is recognized on thefront passenger’s seat, the deployment of the front passenger’s and/or side airbag and seatbelt pretensioner will be prevented. This system isdesigned to prevent the replacement of airbag components that deployneedlessly in an accident. The 2004–2005 Sonata and XG350 modelshave the Passenger Presence Detection feature.

• Luggage or other cargo should not be placed on the front passengerseat. This can allow the deployment of the front passenger and/orside airbag in the case of an accident.

• Even with PPD, a child restraint system must never be placed in thefront seat; recommend to your customers that all children underage 13 should ride in the back seat.


PASSENGER VOLUME Passenger volume is a measure that determines the actual capacity of avehicle’s interior for occupants. SAE calculates passenger compartmentvolume from many height, width and length dimensions inside a givenvehicle, including head room, foot room, seat width, etc. The interiorvolume or passenger volume is usually represented in cubic feet.

PASSIVE RESTRAINT SYSTEM Automatically actuated collision protection for driver and passengers thatmay include seatbelt pretensioners, force limiters, airbags and automaticseatbelts.

PERFORMANCE TIRES Tires that deliver enhanced handling, grip and cornering capabilities ascompared to standard tires.

PISTONS A piston is a cylindrically shaped part with one end closed and the otheropen. Located inside the cylinder, the closed end forms the floor of thecombustion chamber and the open end is coupled by the connecting rodto the crankshaft. As the piston moves up and down, the air/fuel mixturein the cylinder is first compressed, then ignited. As the mixture burns(combusts), it expands, forcing the piston down and transferring thepower of the combustion to the crankshaft.

POWER ANTENNA Electrically actuated antenna that extends from its protective housingusing an internal motor and pulley system. Usually, a power antennadeploys automatically when the vehicle’s sound system (radio) isactivated in the radio mode.

POWER BRAKES A braking system that utilizes a brake booster that automaticallyincreases the braking pressure so there is less pedal effort required by the driver to slow or stop the vehicle. The brake booster uses vacuumproduced by the vehicle’s engine to increase the hydraulic pressure used in the braking system. All Hyundai vehicles are equipped withpower brakes.(See “BRAKE SYSTEM”)

POWER STEERING Power steering (or power-assisted steering) systems use hydraulic orelectric boosters to ease driver effort to turn a vehicle’s steering wheel.Most common are hydraulic systems that use a power steering pumpdriven by a fan belt on the vehicle’s engine. All Hyundai vehicles areequipped with power steering.

PASSENGER VOLUME—

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POWERTRAIN Describes the group of components used to transmit power to a vehicle’s drive wheels. It can consist of engine, clutch, transmission,transaxle, universal joints, velocity joints, drive shaft, differential gearsand axle shafts.

POWERTRAIN WARRANTY A warranty that covers a vehicle’s powertrain (i.e., engine, transmissionor transaxle, universal joints or velocity joints, drive shaft[s], axle shaftsand differential gears.) All 2006 Hyundai vehicles feature acomprehensive 10-year/100,000-mile powertrain warranty.

PRETENSIONER SEATBELT A device that, when activated in certain frontal collisions, pulls theseatbelt into tighter contact against an occupant’s body to make sure that the seatbelts fit snugly.

PRIVACY GLASS Deeply tinted glass, usually used in the side and rear windows, that helps keep the sun’s rays out of the passenger compartment, keeping theinterior cooler and adding an added measure of privacy to vehicleoccupants.

PROJECTOR BEAM HEADLIGHTS Projector beam headlights utilize a spherical lens and parabolic reflectorsystem that tightly controls the headlight beam, resulting in more lightwhere drivers want and need it—on the road.

Q QUARTER PANEL The vehicle’s exterior covering the area from the rear-door opening to thetaillight area, and from the bottom of the surface to the base of the roof.

—QUARTER PANEL

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R RACK-AND-PINION STEERING A type of steering system that uses a small gear (pinion) to move a lineargear (rack) horizontally. The tie rods are attached to either side of therack, eliminating a number of components used in a conventionalworm-gear steering system. All Hyundai vehicles use rack-and-pinionsteering systems.

RADIAL TIRE Tire construction utilizing plies whose cords run radially from bead tobead under the tire’s tread. The advantages are more flexible side wallswith a relatively stiff tread area, and a larger and more consistentfootprint on the road under all driving conditions. All Hyundai vehicles are equipped with radial tires.(See “PERFORMANCE TIRES”)

RADIATOR The engine’s heat exchanger. Coolant circulating around the engine’scylinders and through the cylinder head carries engine combustion heatto the radiator, where it is released to the atmosphere, thereby reducingthe temperature of coolant.(See “COOLING SYSTEM”)

RAIN-SENSING WINDSHIELD WIPERSOptional on Azera, will start the windshield wipers when sensingprecipitation on the windshield.

REAR-WHEEL DRIVE Drivetrain configuration that drives only the rear wheels.

REAR WINDOW DEFROSTER A defrosting or de-misting system that typically uses thin wiresembedded in the vehicles rear glass to remove mist or frost. The system’s wires heat up, thereby heating the glass slightly to help evaporate moisture on the surface and improve visibility. All Hyundai vehicles have a standard rear window defroster.

RACK-AND-PINION STEERING—

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REAR WINDOW SUNSHADEA sunscreen that can be raised over the rear window, at a touch of abutton, to keep rear-seat passengers comfortable. Automatically retractswhen the transmission is put in reverse. Standard equipment on AzeraLimited.

REFLECTOR HALOGEN HEADLIGHTS(See “PROJECTOR BEAM HEADLIGHTS”)

REFRIGERANT A chemical compound, typically gas or liquefied gas (R-12 and R-134),used in air conditioning systems as the operational system fluid toproduce cool air.

RESONATOR A secondary muffler, often used to generate a desired exhaust note orfurther quiet a vehicle’s exhaust system.

RIDE HEIGHT A measurement between the ground and some fixed reference point on acar’s body (the reference point varies according to the manufacturer).This dimension can be used to measure the amount of suspensiondeflection or the height of the body from the ground.

ROLLER ROCKER (ARM) A type of rocker arm used in an engine’s valve train to open/close intakeand exhaust valves. A roller rocker uses a roller bearing at the end thatmakes contact with the engine’s valves to reduce wear and increaseperformance.

ROLLING RESISTANCE As a vehicle’s wheels begin to turn, there are forces which resist itsmotion (rolling resistance), such as low tire pressure, rough road surface, increased tire temperature, tire composition and increasedvehicle weight.

RON (RESEARCH OCTANE NUMBER) A fuel’s numeric octane rating. Most common are 87 (unleaded regular),89 (unleaded, middle grade) and 91 (unleaded premium).(See “OCTANE”)

—RON (RESEARCH OCTANE NUMBER)

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ROOF PILLARS Roof pillars or roof posts are formed metal structures that providesupport for a vehicle’s roof. Typically, vehicles have an A-pillar for theforward roof support located near the windshield; a B-pillar for thecenter or second roof support normally between the front and reardoors; and the C-pillar located behind the rear door opening near therear window. Wagons and SUVs may also have a D-pillar at the rearcorners of the vehicle.

ROOF RACK An auxiliary cargo area on a vehicle’s roof, typically used on wagons andSUVs, the racks feature fixed roof side rails and adjustable cross rails tosecure cargo.

ROOF SIDE RAILS (See “ROOF RACK”)

ROTARY-TYPE CLIMATE CONTROLS Climate controls that use rotary knobs rather than levers or buttons tocontrol climate system functions.

ROTOR In a disc brake system, the disc rotates on the axle and incorporates bothattachment for the wheel and a braking surface contained in the brakecaliper.(See “DISC BRAKE”)

RPM (REVOLUTIONS PER MINUTE)A measure of the number of revolutions an engine’s crankshaftcompletes per minute. The tachometer on a vehicle’s dash measures rpm.(See “TACHOMETER”)

SSAFETY GLASS A laminated glass with a layer of transparent plastic material sandwichedbetween two sheets of float glass used on windshields. Safety glass resistsshattering on impact and, if it does break, the plastic layer will hold themajority of the pieces together.

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“A” “B” “C” “D”

—SERPENTINE BELT

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SEATBELTS(See “2-POINT SEATBELTS” and “3-POINT SEATBELTS”)

SEATBELT HEIGHT ADJUSTABLE ANCHORS Adjustable anchors for the seatbelt/shoulder harness system, usuallylocated on or near a vehicle’s B-pillar. Height adjustable anchors allowpassengers to adjust the upper anchor point to suit their height, makingthe seatbelt more comfortable.

SEATBELT LIMITERS Used in conjunction with seatbelt pretensioners, seatbelt force limitersrelease tension on the seatbelts to help dissipate the energy of a collision.(See “PRETENSIONER SEATBELT”)

SECOND-GENERATION FRONT AIRBAGS These driver and front-passenger airbags are designed to inflate at areduced speed and deployment force to reduce the risk of deploymentinjury, particularly to small passengers or drivers who are positioned tooclose to the steering wheel when the airbag deploys. All Hyundai vehiclesuse second-generation front airbags.

SECTION HEIGHT/SECTION WIDTH Section height is the vertical measurement from the bead seat of a tire tothe top of the crown when it is mounted, inflated and not under load.Section width is measurement across the tire width at the widest pointwhen mounted and inflated (not under load).

SEQUENTIAL MULTI-PORT FUEL INJECTION A fuel injection system that uses multiple injectors (one for each of theengine’s cylinders) usually located so they spray right at the intake valveand are precisely sequenced to the engine’s firing order. This type ofinjection provides quicker throttle response, more accurate fuel meteringas well as improved economy and reduced emissions.(See “FUEL INJECTION”)

SERPENTINE BELT A continuous, flat belt that drives several engine-mounted accessories atonce. The V6 engine in Hyundai Sonata, Tiburon, Santa Fe, Tucson andAzera uses a serpentine belt.


FUEL INJECTOR

SHIFT INTERLOCK System does not allow the driver to shift out of “Park” without firstdepressing the brake pedal.

SHIFTRONIC® AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION An automatic transmission that is designed to function as a conventionalautomatic transmission and can be shifted more like a manualtransmission for a sportier driving experience. When the transmissionlever is moved into the sport shift gate (- +), the driver can up-shift ordown-shift by simply moving the lever forward to up-shift and back todown-shift.This feature allows the driver to 1) start in 2nd gear in slippery roadconditions, 2) hold gear on uphill and downhill driving, 3) acceleratewhen merging into high-speed traffic, and 4) go into and out of themanual mode at any speed. This transmission has a lockout feature,which will not allow excessive rpm—it will automatically upshift if youforget to shift and will not allow excessive rpm when downshifting thetransmission.

SHOCK ABSORBER A device that compresses a gas or moves hydraulic fluid through anorifice to dampen and control suspension jounce and rebound motion.Shock absorbers connect between the suspension and the frame/chassisof a vehicle to soften and smooth the vehicle’s ride. Also referred to as a“damper.”(See “SUSPENSION SYSTEM”)

SHOULDER ROOM Seating width available to passengers, usually measured at shoulderheight from the inside of the doors across the seats.(See “INTERIOR DIMENSIONS”)

SIDE-CURTAIN AIRBAGS Airbags that deploy from the roof and form a curtain across the sidewindows, helping to prevent the passengers from getting head injuries orfrom being ejected from the vehicle in an accident. The Hyundai Tucson,and 2006 Accent, Sonata and Azera have standard side-curtain airbags.

SIDE-IMPACT AIR BAGS Airbags fitted to the side of the occupant seats or doors to provideadditional protection during certain impacts from the side. All Hyundaivehicles have driver and front-passenger seat-mounted side-impactairbags.

SHIFT INTERLOCK—

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—SPFI (SEQUENTIAL PORT FUEL INJECTION)

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SIDE-IMPACT DOOR BEAMS A sturdy component built into a door to help prevent it from intrudinginto the passenger compartment as a result of a side impact.

SIDEWALL The portion of a tire between the bead (where the tire mounts to thewheel) and the tread.

SOHC (SINGLE OVERHEAD CAMSHAFT) A type of engine configuration in which the engine uses a singlecamshaft mounted above the cylinder head(s).

SPARK PLUG A high-voltage device that emits a spark between two electrodes. Eachcylinder in an engine has a spark plug. Spark plugs “spark” or “firesequentially,” with voltage from the ignition system, to ignite the air/fuelmixture.(See “IGNITION SYSTEM”)

SPEED-SENSITIVE STEERINGA steering system that senses the engine’s speed (rpm) and varies thepower assist accordingly. It provides more assist at low engine speed,where it’s needed for parking and slow-speed driving, and less at higherspeed, when less steering wheel movement is necessary. 2006 Accent,Sonata and Azera all have speed-sensitive steering.

SPEED-SENSITIVE WINDSHIELD WIPERS Windshield wiper system that operates at an interval that automaticallyadjusts with the vehicle’s road speed.

SPFI (SEQUENTIAL PORT FUEL INJECTION) (See “SEQUENTIAL MULTI-PORT FUEL INJECTION”)


SPOILER An aerodynamic device attached to a vehicle’s body that changes orredirects airflow in order to reduce or increase lift or aerodynamic drag.Spoilers can be in both the front and rear. A spoiler or air dam can alsobe used to redirect air to improve engine cooling.

SPORT-TUNED SUSPENSION A suspension that uses specially selected and matched components(bushings, springs, stabilizer bar, shock absorbers, etc.) to achieveincreased performance, control and cornering capabilities.

SRS (SUPPLEMENTAL RESTRAINT SYSTEM) Airbags, seatbelt pretensioners, force limiters and other passive safetyfeatures comprise a vehicle’s SRS or Supplemental Restraint System.Seatbelts remain the primary restraint and must be worn at all times.

STABILIZER BAR/SWAY BAR/ANTI-SWAY BAR A formed spring-steel rod connected across both sides of a suspensionsystem and mounted with bushings to the vehicle’s frame or chassis.It twists when one wheel is higher than the other, acting as a torsionspring, thus helping to combat the body roll action, thereby improvinghandling and control. All Hyundai models have both front and rearstabilizer bars (except Accent and Santa Fe GLS 2.7, which only have afront stabilizer bar).(See “SUSPENSION SYSTEM”)

STEEL-BELTED RADIAL TIRE A tire that uses radially aligned steel belts under the tread for addedstrength and durability.

STRUT (See “MACPHERSON STRUT”)

SUB-FRAME A removable frame that is used to mount suspension, drivetrain or othervehicle components, and is part of the vehicle structure.(See “FRAME”)

SUB-WOOFER A type of speaker that is designed to reproduce low or bass tones in anaudio system.

SPOILER—

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—SYNCHRONIZER

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SUNROOF A partial or full-length opening in a vehicle’s roof that can be opened toallow additional fresh air and light to enter the cabin. A sunroof withpower tilt/slide feature and a sunshade is available on many Hyundaimodels.(See “MOONROOF”)

SUSPENSION SYSTEM Spring and damper system that supports a vehicle’s weight and allows the road wheels to move up and down in a controlled mannerwhen traveling over bumps or uneven road surfaces. Basic types areindependent and solid (non-independent or “live”). Within the twobasic types are many different designs that differ on space requirements,weight, load capabilities and cost. 4-wheel fully independent suspensionprovides the best ride and handling and, of course, costs the most toproduce. All 2006 Hyundai vehicles have 4-wheel independentsuspension, except Accent, which has front independent and rearsemi-independent.Solid suspension is typically used for the rear axles of trucks. Theiradvantages are the ability to carry heavy loads and that they areinexpensive to produce. Their disadvantages are extra weight and poor ride/handling.

SYNCHRONIZER Also referred to as “synchromesh” or “synchro,” synchronizers arespecially designed components within a manual transmission gear trainthat make gear changing easier by ensuring the matching gears rotate atthe same speed before engaging.


Radius Arms/Rods

CrossMember

StabilizerBar

Coil Spring and Shock Absorber

TTACHOMETER A vehicle gauge, normally located next to the speedometer on the dash,that provides a readout of engine rpm (revolutions per minute).(See “GAUGES” and “RPM”)

TELESCOPIC STEERING COLUMNAlong with the tilt function, this allows the driver to obtain the optimumcontrol position. Manual telescopic steering columns are standard onSonata LX and both Azera models. Optional on Azera Limited models isa power telescopic steering column.

TEMPERED GLASS Glass that is pre-stressed so that if broken, it shatters into small, cube-likeparticles that are less likely to cause injury. Tempered glass is commonlyused on side and rear windows in automobiles.

TEMPORARY SPARE TIRE Also known as a “space-saver spare tire,” the temporary spare tire is asmaller-than-average spare tire and wheel unit designed for temporaryuse only to get the vehicle to a garage in the event of a tire failure.

THEATER DIMMING INTERIOR LIGHTS Interior lighting that dims automatically from full intensity to off in agradual, theater-like pattern when the vehicle’s doors are closed.

THERMOSTAT A temperature-sensitive valve used in the cooling system of an engine tocontrol the flow of coolant between the cylinder block and radiator. Bycontrolling the coolant flow, it can keep the engine at its proper operatingtemperature, neither too cold, nor too hot, thereby achieving maximumfuel economy and minimum exhaust emissions.(See “COOLING SYSTEM”)

3-WAY CATALYST A catalytic converter designed to control the three major exhaustemissions (CO, HC and NOx). Normally they have two chambers thathave different catalytic materials for better control of the three majorexhaust emissions. Also called a dual-bed converter.(See “CATALYTIC CONVERTER”)

TACHOMETER—

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T

—TIRE RATING

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THROTTLE A device mounted on an engine that controls an engine’s speed.The throttle or throttle body is controlled by the driver via the accelerator pedal.

TIBURON MULTI-GAUGE Consisting of a fuel consumption and engine torque output gauge, theseinstruments measure fuel economy through evaluating engine vacuumand engine torque using engine rpm and degree of throttle opening.They enable the performance-orientated driver to get a visual reading offuel consumption and how much torque the engine is producing at anyparticular time.

TIE RODS/TIE ROD ENDS Rods that connect the steering system component. Tie rods and tie rodends allow the transfer of steering movement from the steering rack tothe front wheels.(See “RACK-AND-PINION STEERING”)

TIMING In an engine, timing is the precisely synchronized actions of the ignition,fuel injection, engine valves and pistons. Timing requires the exactposition of piston and valves, and the precise instant of spark delivery tocause the air/fuel mixture to ignite and force the piston down.

TINTED GLASS Glass that is specially tinted to reduce glare and the entry of sunlight intoa vehicle’s passenger compartment.

TIRE PRESSURE MONITORING SYSTEM (TPMS)A safety system that alerts the driver if one or more of the vehicle's tiresis under inflated. When a tire pressure runs below 30 psi an instrumentpanel light will illuminate notifying the driver that the tire pressure islow in one or more tires. This system does not notify of over inflation.

TIRE RATING The size, load capacity and speed limits set by the tire manufacturer.These ratings are incorporated into the tire information molded on the sidewall.


Tie Rod End

TRAILER TONGUE The part of a trailer that allows attachment to the towing vehicle. Atrailer’s tongue contains the mechanism that allows it to be securelyattached to the vehicle’s towing ball.

TORQUE Describes a force in a twisting motion. An engine’s torque is measured atthe crankshaft in foot-pounds (ft.-lb.). Torque is the engine characteristicthat helps accelerate a vehicle. High-torque engines normally allow forquick acceleration and excellent towing capabilities.(See “FOOT-POUND”)

TORQUE ARMS/TORQUE RODS (See “RADIUS ARMS” and “SUSPENSION SYSTEM”)

TORQUE CONVERTER In an automatic transmission, the hydraulic coupling device thattransmits engine power to the gear sets. By design, a torque converteralso has the ability to multiply the force of the engine at low rpm by asmuch as 2:1.(See “AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION”)

TOURING-TYPE RADIAL TIRES Generally designed for luxury sedans, this type of tire blendsperformance handling with a smooth, comfortable ride.(See “RADIAL TIRES”)

TRACK (FRONT/REAR) Front track is the distance between the center of the left front wheel andthe center of the right front wheel when the vehicle is set to its normalride height and wheel alignment specifications. Rear track is the distancebetween the center of the left rear wheel and the center of the right rear wheel.(See “EXTERIOR DIMENSIONS”)

TRACTION CONTROL SYSTEM (TCS) A system that helps prevent drive-wheel spin on slippery or gravelsurfaces during acceleration by electronically manipulating the brakesand engine to prevent wheel slippage and control traction. When onewheel spins, the system 1) de-powers the engine, 2) the brake systempulsates until the sensor detects normal traction. The traction controllight will blink when the system is activated.

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Without With TCS TCS

Traction Control System (TCS)Switch on Vehicle Dash

—TRIP COMPUTER

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TRAILING ARMS Typically refers to suspension linkage on independent rear suspensionvehicles mounted to the chassis ahead of the rear axle.

TRANSAXLE The combination of a transmission and differential in one housing.Transaxles are most common in front-wheel-drive vehicles. All Hyundaipassenger cars are equipped with transaxles.

TRANSMISSION A gearbox with a number of selectable ratios, used to match the engine’srpm and torque to differing vehicle requirements.(See “AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION” and “MANUALTRANSMISSION”)

TRANSMISSION CONTROL UNIT/MODULE(TCUITCM) An on-board computer that works in coordination with the EngineControl Unit/Module (ECU/ECM) to closely match the power output of the engine to the shift selections of the automatic transmission.

TRANSVERSE-MOUNTED ENGINE An engine that sits sideways or laterally in the vehicle between the drivewheels. Most current transverse-mounted engines are installed in front-engine, front-wheel-drive powertrain configurations, such as those found in all Hyundai models.

TRIP COMPUTER A electronic instrument providing a range of data to the driver that can include miles traveled, drive time, fuel status (to empty) and average speed.


TURNING DIAMETER (CURB TO CURB) The minimum arc a vehicle can turn with the steering on full lock.

TWEETER A type of speaker that is designed to reproduce high tones or treble in anaudio system.

UUNDERCARRIAGE An undercarriage is a vehicle’s chassis, suspension and driveline. Can alsobe used to refer to the underside of a vehicle in general.

UNIBODY/UNIT BODY Also referred to as “unitized construction,” a type of body/frameconstruction in which the body of the vehicle, its floor pan and chassisform a single structure. Such a design is generally lighter and more rigidthan a vehicle having a separate body and frame. All Hyundai modelsfeature unibody construction.

UNLEADED FUEL A gasoline which does not contain tetraethyl lead. Unleaded fuels aregenerally more environmentally friendly and are formulated to workwith vehicle emission systems to reduce air pollution.

V VALVE LIFTER (LASH ADJUSTER) The cylindrically shaped hydraulic or mechanical component that pressesagainst the lobe of a camshaft and moves up and down as the cam loberotates. Most valve lifters have an oil-lubricated, hardened face that slideson the cam lobe.

TURNING DIAMETER (CURB TO CURB)—

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—VOLTMETER

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VALVE TRAIN The valves and all of the actuating devices (lifters, rocker arms, push rods,springs and shafts) in an engine needed to open and close the valves.

VARIABLE INTAKE SYSTEM (VIS) An intake manifold with two or more air paths to change the enginetorque characteristics at different engine speeds. The V6 engines in the2006 Sonata and Azera have a twin variable intake system.

VARIABLE INTERMITTENT WINDSHIELD WIPERS (See “INTERMITTENT WINDSHIELD WIPERS”)

VARIABLE RATIO STEERING Steering in which the steering ratio changes as the wheel is turned fromlock to lock. Typically, the steering assist will be less when the vehicle isbeing driven straight, so as to avoid over-sensitivity. The assist willincrease during low-speed maneuvering, such as parallel parking, toreduce the amount of steering effort required by the driver.

VISCOUS COUPLING UNIT A viscous coupling consists of two sets of thin plates in a case filled witha high-viscosity silicone fluid. Typically, in an all-wheel-drive vehicle, oneset of plates is attached to the front driveshaft while the other set isattached to the rear driveshaft. When a wheel driven by either the frontor rear driveshaft starts to spin, one driveshaft will turn faster than theother driveshaft. This action heats the silicone fluid, which almostinstantly starts to react as a solid, therefore transferring power to thewheels with better traction. In the 2.7-liter V6 Santa Fe, this allows up to 40% of the engine power to be delivered to the rear wheels.

VISOR VANITY MIRRORS Mirrors installed on the back side of the sun visor for passengerconvenience.

VOLTMETER An instrument that measures the voltage in a vehicle’s electrical system.


VISCOUS COUPLING UNIT

WWALK-IN DEVICE Also known as an “easy entry device,” the walk-in device is a small pedallocated at the rear of the front seats. When depressed, the device allowsthe front seat to fold and slide forward, making entry into the rear seateasier. Hyundai Accent 3-Doors and the Hyundai Tiburon feature frontpassenger-seat walk-in devices.

WATT An international unit used to measure electrical power.

WATTS PER CHANNEL Automotive audio systems usually only have two channels and, therefore,the total audio output for the system is listed. If a customer asks howmuch power per channel, simply divide the total output by two. Theexception is where the system has a separate subwoofer. If the subwooferwatts are listed, subtract them from the total and then divide by two toget watts per channel.

WHEELBASE The distance, centerline to centerline, between the front and rear wheelaxles. Wheelbase is important because it indicates available body lengthand weight distribution between front and rear axles.

WINDSHIELD WIPER DE-ICER Heats the lower edge of the windshield so that the wipers do not freeze tothe windshield in cold weather.

WISHBONE(See “A-ARM”)

WOOFER (See “SUB-WOOFER”)

XX-AXIS The centerline of a vehicle. The axis point from which roll or side-to-sidemovement is measured.

XENON HEADLIGHTS Also known as High-Intensity Discharge (HID), Xenon headlightsprovide better illumination for all-weather driving, enabling the driver tosee more clearly. HID lamps put 2–3 times more light on the road thanincandescent light sources. Utilizing Xenon gas light sources, a ballast andigniter for each light causes an arc to light between the electrodes of thelight source. Xenon headlights are usually easily identified by the intense,brilliant blue-white light they produce. Hyundai vehicles are all currentlyequipped with halogen headlights and fog lights.

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YYAW Rotation of a body about its vertical axis (Z-Axis). Yaw occurs when avehicle corners or otherwise changes its direction of travel.

Y-AXIS 1. The point at which a vehicle balances front to rear.2. The point around which a vehicle pitches fore and aft.

Z Z-AXIS The vertical axis around which a vehicle yaws.(See “YAW”)


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2-POINT SEATBELTS—A-ARM - …d16ilv7dv4hl47.cloudfront.net/Other/Publications/Picture Dictionary...2-POINT SEATBELTS—A-ARM Picture Dictionary Automotive Picture Dictionary 2-POINT