2020thth Century Century RevolutionsRevolutions

Mexico, Russia, China, and Mexico, Russia, China, and CubaCuba

Compare and contrast 20Compare and contrast 20thth century century revolutions to 18revolutions to 18thth/19/19thth century century

revolutionsrevolutions Not based on Enlightenment ideas but Not based on Enlightenment ideas but

rather socialism and communism.rather socialism and communism. The end result was NOT democracy for The end result was NOT democracy for

all but rather improvements to society.all but rather improvements to society. Leaders were still mostly “intellectuals”Leaders were still mostly “intellectuals” Geared less to the middle class and Geared less to the middle class and

more to the peasants and proletariat.more to the peasants and proletariat. Revolutions tend to be more violent, Revolutions tend to be more violent,

repressive, and use a great deal of repressive, and use a great deal of technology.technology.

Mexican RevolutionMexican Revolution

Date: 1911-1928 Date: 1911-1928 Leaders: Madero, Pancho Villa, Leaders: Madero, Pancho Villa,

Zapata, CarranzaZapata, Carranza Philosophy: Socialism (land reform)Philosophy: Socialism (land reform) Reasons for revolt:Reasons for revolt:

– Unequal land distributionUnequal land distribution– Powerful churchPowerful church– Workers’ rightsWorkers’ rights

““It is better to die on my feet than It is better to die on my feet than continue living on my knees” –continue living on my knees” –

Emiliano ZapataEmiliano ZapataFrancisco “Pancho” VillaFrancisco “Pancho” Villa Emiliano ZapataEmiliano Zapata

Mexican RevolutionMexican Revolution

Effects:Effects:– Political: PRI, dictator (one party rule), Political: PRI, dictator (one party rule),

and stabilityand stability– Social: Equality for men, limited legal Social: Equality for men, limited legal

rights for women, state controls church.rights for women, state controls church.– Economic: Land reform and workers Economic: Land reform and workers

rightsrights

RussiaRussia

Date: 1917Date: 1917 Leaders: Lenin, Trotsky, Kerensky, Leaders: Lenin, Trotsky, Kerensky,

and Stalinand Stalin Philosophy: Communism (more Philosophy: Communism (more

emphasis on the proletariat)emphasis on the proletariat) Reasons for revolt: Reasons for revolt:

– Military defeatsMilitary defeats– Land reform for peasantsLand reform for peasants– Oppressive CzarOppressive Czar– Workers rightsWorkers rights

““One man with a gun can One man with a gun can control 100 without one. ” -control 100 without one. ” -

Vladimir LeninVladimir LeninJosef Stalin and Valdimir Josef Stalin and Valdimir

LeninLeninCzar Nicholas II, Czarina Czar Nicholas II, Czarina Alexandria, Czarevich Alexandria, Czarevich Alexi, Tatiana, Olga, Alexi, Tatiana, Olga, Marie, and AnastasiaMarie, and Anastasia

RasputinRasputin

RussiaRussia

Effects:Effects:– Political: Civil war and left WWIPolitical: Civil war and left WWI– Social: Workers and peasants gain Social: Workers and peasants gain

power.power.– Economic: Command economy, no Economic: Command economy, no

private property, and industrialization.private property, and industrialization.

ChinaChina

Date: 1949 (although the May Fourth Date: 1949 (although the May Fourth Movement in 1919 began the anti-Movement in 1919 began the anti-western feelings when demonstrations western feelings when demonstrations were held against the Treaty of were held against the Treaty of Versailles and foreigners)Versailles and foreigners)

Leader: Mao Zedong (Communist) vs. Leader: Mao Zedong (Communist) vs. Chiang Kai-shek (Nationalist)Chiang Kai-shek (Nationalist)

Philosophy: CommunismPhilosophy: Communism Reasons for revolt: Communist Reasons for revolt: Communist

ideology, peasant revolt, and land ideology, peasant revolt, and land reform reform

““Classes struggle, some classes triumph, others are Classes struggle, some classes triumph, others are eliminated. Such is history; such is the history of eliminated. Such is history; such is the history of

civilization for thousands of years.” civilization for thousands of years.” -Mao Zedong-Mao Zedong

Mao Zedong (Chairman Mao)Mao Zedong (Chairman Mao) Chiang Kai-shekChiang Kai-shek

ChinaChina Effects:Effects:

– Political: Dictatorship and the defeat of Political: Dictatorship and the defeat of the nationalists.the nationalists.

– Social: “Equality” of classes.Social: “Equality” of classes.– Economic: Collective farms.Economic: Collective farms.

– The Communist were forced to make the The Communist were forced to make the Long March (6,000 miles) to evade Long March (6,000 miles) to evade nationalist troopsnationalist troops

– The Chinese civil war was suspended The Chinese civil war was suspended when the Japanese invaded in 1937.when the Japanese invaded in 1937.

CubaCuba

Date: 1959Date: 1959 Leader: Fidel CastroLeader: Fidel Castro Philosophy: CommunismPhilosophy: Communism Reason for revolt: Resentment over Reason for revolt: Resentment over

the dictatorship of Batista.the dictatorship of Batista.

““A revolution is a struggle to the death A revolution is a struggle to the death between the future and the past.” between the future and the past.”

-Fidel Castro-Fidel Castro

BatistaBatista Fidel CastroFidel Castro

CubaCuba

Effects:Effects:– Political: Harsh dictatorshipPolitical: Harsh dictatorship– Social: Literacy, healthcare, and limited Social: Literacy, healthcare, and limited

presspress– Economic: The economy improves Economic: The economy improves

temporarily.temporarily.