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A Brief History of EclipsePast, Present and Future

1981 ECL 1987 Intera1995 GeoQuest

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Exploration Consultants Ltd.- ECL

– ECLIPSE = ECL’s Implicit Program for Simulation Engineering

– Oct. ‘81 Eclipse Development started– John Appleyard– Jon Holmes– Ian Cheshire – Nov.‘83 First release– Graf, Fill, VFP, Edit.

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Eclipse First Release 1983

•Fully Implicit - reliability

•Nested Factorisation - fast linear solver

•Memory Management - minimum memory usage

•Corner Point Geometry - realistic reservoir models

•Dual Porosity and Permeability - carbonates

•Machine Independent - PCs, Workstations

•Extensive data checking - user friendly

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Memory Management Active Cell Addressing

9 164 10 17 23

1 5 11 18 24 272 6 12 19 25 263 7 13 20 26

8 14 2115 22

Save memory and work by eliminating inactive cells.

Eclipse works only with active cells.

Work and space are reduced by about 30% in practical applications

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Corner Point Geometry

Cells are defined as distorted shoe boxes in space defined by beads sliding on co-ordinate lines.

Allows a faithful representation of reservoir geology including sloping faults and pinch-outs.

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Corner Point Geometry

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Eclipse System History

–84 Pseudo, Endpoint Scaling–85 Vertical Equilibrium–86 PVT and E300 Compositional –87 Grid Surface Networks–88 API and Tracers–89 Coal Bed Methane–90 Polymers

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Eclipse History

– 91 Flux Boundary Conditions– 92 Gas Lift Optimisation– 93 LGR, Gas Field Operations– 94 Reservoir Coupling– 95 Schedule, Adaptive Implicit Method– 96 Weltest200, PVTi– 97 FloGrid, Parallel– 98 Eclipse Office, SimOpt, Segmented Wells– 99 FrontSim, GridSim

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Flux Boundary Conditions 91 History Matching Aid

– Sector Modeling

– Define reservoir regions

– Full field run

– Store inter-region flows

– Flux runs - 1 or more regions

– Drainage Regions

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Gas Lift Optimization 92

Determine how much lift gas to allocate to each well to meet or maximise well, group or field production targets

If production targets cannot be met, preferentially allocate lift gas to wells that make best use of it

Oil

Pro

du

ctio

n R

ate

Lift Gas Injection Rate

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Gas Field Operations 93

Model gas field production constraints & contracts

• Multiple contract groups are possible

• Model monthly pattern of demand with seasonal profile

Adjust DCQ to allow for swing, ensuring reservoir will always be able to produce DCQ profile times swing

• Variety of “swing” interpretations possible

Control & output SALES gas rate (i.e., net of import & fuel gas)

Constantly estimate & report delivery capacity

Use automatic compressors to model increasing & decreasing compressions levels to suit seasonal demands

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Local Grid Refinement 93

Enhance grid definition around areas of interest

Produce local grids, radial or Cartesian, with more layers than global model

• Gain efficiency by solving local grids independently of global grid for heavily refined grids

• Use fully-coupled solution method for moderate refinements

• Switch refinements on/off as needed during the run

Amalgamate areas of little interest/activity into a single cell with grid coarsening

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Reservoir Coupling 94

Independently history-matched reservoirs can be linked together• Reservoirs may be coupled through

surface facilities & network constraints

• Different types of models can also be linked

One Master reservoir (with the network constraints) controls several Slave reservoirs• pvm is used for the communication

between the different models

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Parallel Eclipse 97

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

number of processors (IBM SP)

rela

tive

sp

eed

up

1.5 million cells

Processors Speed-up16 132 1.964 1.8

128 1.6

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Segmented Wells 98

Deviated and multi-branch horizontal wells

Wellbore is split into segments• Each segment has its local pressure

and fluid properties.• Perforations are at true depth

– not at cell centre!

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ECLIPSE OFFICE 98Interactive Simulation Desktop

Study organiser,

Run controller,

Data generator,

2D/3D graphics,

Open architecture,

Uncertainty analysis.

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ECLIPSE OFFICE 2000a

Frontsim and ThermalSpeedSummary file reading: 60*Print file reading: 5*Restart file reading: 5-10% fasterCase import: 40-50% fasterResults ViewerMore GRF-commands 2D radial grids displayedReport GeneratorMonthly and annual averages

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SIMOPT 98History-Matching using Gradients

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SIMOPT Gradient Calculation

0)(

XX

RRXXR

0),(

X

X

RRX

X

RRXXR

RX

X

R

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SIMOPT Parameters defined regionally

– Pore Volumes

– Transmissibilities

– Permeabilities

– End Point Scaling

– Fault transmissibility

– Aquifers

– Sigma (DP)

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• Gradient calculations in E100• Graphical front end for analysis and regression

SIMOPT

Gradients

Multipliers

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SIMOPT 2000a

RFT observed data• Pressures and saturations at well connections

New parameters• Numerical Aquifers, Inter-region Transmissibility, Rock

Compressibility

Improved E100 compatibility• Friction and multi-segmented wells

• API, Brine, Surfactants

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SIMOPT 2001+

•HUTS History matching Using Time lapsed Seismic•Improved Optimization - backtracking•Improved Workflow•Improved Graphics•E300

Gradients

v

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Unstructured Grids 96

Voronoi/PEBI Grids- PErpendicular BIsection

Distribute points based on features such as wells, faults etc.

Construct PEBI cells by joining perpendicular bisectors of edges

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Unstructured Grids

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FloGrid 97

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FloGridCorner-Point Grids

Unstructured Grids 2000a

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Unstructured LGRs

Local (3D) unstructuredgrids generated inFloGrid can berun as LGRs inE100 2000a

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2000a Release (May2000)

ECLIPSE 100/300FRONTSIMECLIPSE OFFICE

Maintenance mode:• GRID, GRAF, GRIDSIM

FLOGRIDFLOVIZ PVTi SCALSCHEDULESIMOPTVFPiWELTEST200

One release per annum of all programs starting with 2000a

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ECLIPSE Unification 2000a

Enhanced E100/E300 compatibility

• Single, unified manual• Input/Output of data• Well controls• Error reporting• Consistency checking

Simplified Licensing

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Parallel ECLIPSE 2000a

E100:– Flux– Horizontal pinch-outs– Inplace LGRs, LGRs + tracers, Auto-refinement

E300:– Flux– Grid coarsening– Multisegment wells

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ECLIPSE 300 2001+ Compositional

– Black Oil– Linear solver– Gradients– PEBI– Tracers– Endpoint Scaling– Extended well model– Flash - Pedersen, Li, speed

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ECLIPSE Thermal

Athabasca ReservoirSteam Assisted Gravity Drainage

Horizontal Well-Pair Spacing = 100 mVertical Well Spacing = 5 m

Oil Saturation

0 0.5 1

Temperature

After 2 years After 4 years

0 130 260ºC

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Eclipse Thermal 2001a

SAGD with Segmented WellsHysteresisImproved Steam Tables

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Surface Network Modelling 2001a

Drivers • Network limitations control development decisions• Network problems becoming more compositional• Need to tightly couple Network/Reservoir models

Vision• E100 networks

in E300 for 2001• compositional networks• Network optimization• Injection and Production

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Geomechanics Prototype

•Stress equations solved fully coupled with flow equations in E300•Porosity and Permeability effects •IMPES •Slowdown = 3•AIM and Implicit are untested•Far Field boundary conditions•Parallel•LGR and PEBI•Office Integration

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PLANOPT Prototype

Field Development Planning

• An Office extension• Automatic well placement• Vertical production wells only• Simple heuristic algorithm

• Improved Algorithm• Horizontal wells• Injection wells

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PRODOPT Conceptual Product

Setting optimum well rates

•New project - not yet launched

•Use of the adjoint (time reversed) method to optimise well production rates

•Will exploit the existing segmented well model

•Another Office module

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Near Well Modelling 2001a• Extract a near well region from a full-field model• Get flux boundary conditions from full field model

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Near Well Modelling

• 3D PEBI LGR for accurate near well modelling• Segmented well model for accurate well bore

phenomena

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Near Well Modelling

• Study near well effects.• Edit rock properties.• History match• Re-integrate as a full-field

unstructured upscaled LGR.

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NWM Workflow

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Reservoir Coupling 2001+

Coupling of Black Oil and Compositional Models

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Weltest 200 - 96 Analytical and

Multi-phase NumericalWell Test Analysis

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Frontsim 99Streamline Simulator

Features:• 3D, 2-phase (oil/water)• Compressibility• Gravity• Faults, LGRs, pinch-outs• Tracers

Applications:• Fast simulation• Flow (streamline) visualisation• Geological Model simulation

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Frontsim 2000a

Streamlines can now be visualised using FloViz

Data and controls that are the same in Eclipse and Frontsim now have the same keywords.

Accessible via Eclipse Office

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FrontSim 2001a

3D 3-Phase Blackoil

3D Compositional

Geologic Uncertainty

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Eclipse Development Team50 developers in Abingdon, Houston and Oslo

Jeff Allen - ManagerGarf Bowen - EclipseJon Holmes - WellsMike Wells - ModelingTommy Miller,Kirsty Foster - OfficeJim Nolen - NetworksJohn Wallis - Linear SolversKyrre/Frode Bratvedt - FrontSimPeter Yerburgh - FloVizJon Cox - Near Well ModelingJon Norris - SCAL

Jim Flynn - Product PlanningDayal Gunasekera - FloGridJohn Bulman - ToolsMarie Ann Giddins - ProcessPaul Crumpton - ParallelTerry Stone - ThermalKieran Neylon - SimOptRaj Banerjee - Weltest200PVTi - Mike WilliamsPhilip Gilchrist - ScheduleIan Cheshire - Fellow