©2003 Texas Trade and Industrial Education1 Cosmetology Skin Diseases and Disorders

©2003 Texas Trade and Industrial Education 1

Cosmetology

Skin Diseases and Disorders

©2003 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Skin Diseases and Disorders 2

Performance Objectives

Upon completion of this assignment, the student will be able to recognize diseases and disorders of the skin to the satisfaction of the instructor.


Specific Objectives

1. Define key terms associated with the lesson.2. Identify six signs of infection.3. Explain skin lesions.4. Identify primary skin lesions.5. Identify secondary skin lesions6. Identify pigmentation abnormalities.7. Identify disorders of the sebaceous glands.8. Identify disorders of the sudoriferous glands.9. Identify other inflammatory disorders.10. Compare/Contrast difference between a disease and a

disorder.

11. Determine conditions that are not treatable in a salon.


Key Terms Allergy: sensitivity caused from contact with a

substance; may be accompanied with itching, swelling, or blisters.

Inflammation: objective symptom (one you can see) with redness, pain, swelling, and temperature.

Chronic: term used to identify conditions that are often and habitual.

Acute: term used to identify conditions that are short and severe.

Contagious: an infectious or communicable disease by contact.

Seasonal Disease: influenced by weather.


Key Terms Etiology: study of cause of disease. Pathology: study of disease. Prognosis: medical opinion of the outcome of a

condition. Occupational Disorders: occur in different types of

employment; allergic reaction to certain chemicals or cosmetics.

Symptoms: signs of disease divided into two categories.

1. Subjective: those you feel (itching, burning, or pain).

2. Objective: those you see (pimples or inflammation).


Signs of Infection

The six signs of infection are: Pain Swelling Redness Fever Throbbing Discharge

Services should not be given when an infection is present


Skin Lesions

Skin lesions are abnormal changes in the structure of an organ or tissue.

Lesions are divided into three categories: primary, secondary, and tertiary.

Cosmetologists are only concerned with primary and secondary lesions


Primary Skin Lesions Macules: discoloration appearing on the skin’s

surface. 1. Freckles are an example of macules. Lentigines: technical term for freckles. Papules: hardened red elevations of the skin in

which not fluid is present. 1. A large papule is known as a tubercle. 2. A pimple is and example of a papule. Vesicles: fluid filled elevations in the skin caused by

localized accumulation of fluids or blood just below the epidermis.

1. Macules and papules may cause vesicles


Primary Skin Lesions Herpes Simplex: also known as fever blister, is a contagious,

chronic condition caused by a single vesicle or a group of vesicles on a red swollen base.

1. Appears on the lips, nostrils, or other parts of the face. 2. Services should not be performed when herpes simplex is

present Bulla: lesion, and larger vesicles with a clean watery fluid

1. Located below the skin.2. Occur in second-degree burns.

Pustules: small elevations of skin; similar to vesicles, but contains pus.1. They are white or yellow in color and may be surrounded by a reddish inflamed border.2. An example of a pustule is a pimple with pus.


Primary Skin Lesions

Wheals: solid formation above the skin, sometimes caused by an insect bite or allergic reaction.

1. May be accompanied with itching or tingling.

2. An example of a wheal is hives or an insect bite. Tumors: solid masses in the skin, which may be soft

or hard

1. An example of a small tumor is nodule.


Secondary Skin Lesions A secondary skin lesion is progressed stage of a disease. Need to be treated by a dermatologist of a physician. Scales: dead cells of the uppermost layer of the epidermis that

shed.

1. Psoriasis and dandruff are examples of scales Psoriasis: round, dry patches of skin, covered with rough

silvery scales.

1. It is chronic, but not contagious. Crust: dried masses that come from the remains of an oozing

sore.

1. An example of crust if a scab on a sore


Secondary Skin Lesions Excoriations: mechanical abrasions or injury to the epidermis. 1. Occur when an insect bites or scab is scratched. 2. An example of an excoriation is a scratch. Fissure: cracks in the skin.

1. Cracks or lines that go deep into the underlying dermis2. Occur when skin is exposed to wind, cold, or water and loses its flexibility3. An example of a fissure is a chapped lip.

Scars: forms from a lesion when injury extends deep into the dermis.

Keloids: thick scars. Ulcers: open lesions that are visible on the skin surface. 1.Services should not be performed when ulcers are present


Pigmentation Abnormalities Conditions with little or too much color in certain areas of the

skin. Melanoderma: hyperpigmentation caused by over activity of the

melanocytes in the epidermis.

1.Examples of melanoderma are chloasma and lentigines. Chloasma: group of brownish macules usually on the hands and

face

1. Also known as liver spots. Moles: small, brown pigmented spots that may be elevated.

1. Some contain hair, but should not be removed

2. A physician should be seen if there are any changes in the appearance of a mole.

3. Moles are the cause of some skin cancers.


Pigmentation Abnormalities Naevus: birthmark or a congenital mole. Leukoderma: hypopigmentation (lack of pigmentation) of the

skin caused by a decrease in melanocytes. Albinism: congenital failure of the skin to produce melanin

pigment.1. A person with albinism has very fair skin, white hair, and pink eyes.

2. They are sensitive to light and sun. Vitiligo: oval or odd shaped patches of white skin that do not

have normal pigmentation.1. Usually appear on the face, hands, and neck.2. Michael Jackson says this is the disease that he has.


Disorders of the Sebaceous Glands Comedones: also known as blackheads; masses of sebum (oil)

locked inside the hair follicle. Milia: also know as whiteheads; caused by accumulation of

hardened sebum beneath the skin. Acne: chronic inflammatory disorder of the sebaceous glands.

1. Acne occurs in two stages: acne simplex and acne vulgaris.

2. A person with acne vulgaris should seek a physician. Rosacea: also known as acne rosacea; a chronic inflammatory

congestion of the cheeks and nose; papules and pustules are sometimes present.

1. Services should not be performed when rosacea is present.


More Disorders of the Sebaceous Glands Asteatosis: dry, scaly skin caused by low sebum production. Seborrhea: excessive secretion of the sebaceous glands. Steatoma: also know as a sebaceous cyst or wen;

subcutaneous tumor of the sebaceous glands, filled with sebum.

Furuncles: also known as boil; appears in the dermis and the epidermis and are caused by acute staphylococcal infection.

1. Usually are hair follicles infections. Carbuncles: larger than furuncles; located above and below the

skin and are caused by acute staphylococcal infection of several adjoining hair follicle.


Disorders of the Sudoriferous Glands

Bromidrosis: foul-smelling perspirations. Anhidrosis: lack of perspiration; caused by fever or

disease. Hyperhidrosis: over-production of perspiration;

caused by excessive heat or body weakness. Miliaria Rubra: acute eruption of small red vesicles;

caused by excessive heat. Key Point: Services should not be performed when

miliaria rubra is present.


Other Inflammatory Disorders

Services should not be performed when dermatitis is present.

Eczema: dry or moist lesion with inflammation of the skin.

1. Services should not be performed when eczema is present.


Summary

Cosmetologists come in contact with skin every day. However, they are not dermatologists or physicians who diagnose and treat skin diseases and disorders.

Therefore, it is very important that they are able to recognize different skin conditions which would determine whether or not services can be rendered in the salon.

Documents

©2003 Texas Trade and Industrial Education1 Cosmetology Skin Diseases and Disorders