Basics of Electricity Milady’s Standard Cosmetology Cosmetology:

Basics of Electricity

Milady’s Standard Cosmetology

Cosmetology:

MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY

“Competition is a by-product of productive work, not its goal. A creative man is

motivated by the desire to achieve, not by the desire to beat others.”

Ayn Rand


Electricity• Electric current

• Conductor


Insulator• Nonconductor – does not easily transmit

electricity– Rubber– Silk– Wood– Glass– Cement

• Complete circuit


Types of Electric Current

• Direct current (DC)• Alternating current (AC)• Converters• Rectifiers


Electrical Measurements

• Volt: measures pressure• Ampere: measures strength• Milliampere: 1/1000th of an amp• Ohm: measures resistance• Watt: measures energy used in 1 second• Kilowatt: equals 1000 watts


Safety Devices

• Fuse

• Circuit breaker


Electrical Equipment Safety• Inspect regularly.• Don’t overload circuits.• Check for UL approval.• Ensure appliances are grounded.


Hints for Safety

• Ensure UL certification.• Read instructions.• Disconnect when not in use.• Inspect equipment regularly.• Keep wires, plugs, equipment in good

repair.• Use one plug per outlet.



• Avoid contact with water or metal.• Don’t leave client.• Keep cords off floor.• Don’t clean area when plugged in.• Don’t touch 2 metallic objects if either is

connected to current.


• Don’t step on or set objects on cords.• Don’t let cords become twisted or bent.• Pull plug, not cord.• Don’t repair unless qualified.• Don’t force plugs into outlets.


Electrotherapy

• Electrotherapy: electronic facial treatments

• Wall plate

• Modalities

• Electrodes


Polarity• Positive pole (anode, red)• Negative pole (cathode, black)• Test one• Test two


Polarity Test One• Separate tips and immerse in saltwater.• Set on galvanic current and turn up

intensity.• As water is decomposed, more active

bubbles will accumulate at negative pole.


Polarity Test Two• Place conducting cord tips on blue

moistened litmus paper.• Paper under positive pole will turn red.• Paper under negative pole will stay blue.


Galvanic Current• Active electrode

• Inactive electrode


Positive Pole Results• Acidic reactions• Closes pores• Soothes nerves• Decreases blood supply• Contracts blood vessels• Firms tissues• Pulls acid solutions into skin


Negative Pole Results

• Alkaline reactions result• Opens pores• Stimulates nerves• Increases blood supply to skin• Expands blood vessels• Softens tissues• Softens and liquefies grease deposits• Forces alkaline solutions into skin


Iontophoresis• Cataphoresis• Anaphoresis• Desincrustation


High-Frequency Current• Tesla: commonly called violet ray• Benefits

– Stimulates blood circulation– Increases glandular activity– Aids in elimination and absorption– Increases metabolism– Improved germicidal action– Relieves congestion


Other Electrical Equipment• Hood dryers or heat lamps• Curling or flat irons• Heating caps• Processing or accelerating machines


Light Therapy• Visible light

– Electromagnetic radiation– Wavelength– Long wavelengths– Short wavelengths


Electromagnetic Spectrum• Visible light (35% of natural light)• Ultraviolet and infrared rays• Visible spectrum


Infrared Rays• 60% of natural sunlight• Long wavelengths• Deepest penetration• Produce most heat• Lamps should be 30” from skin• 5-minute exposure time• Check client comfort frequently• Never leave client unattended


Visible Light Rays• White light• Blue light• Red light


Ultraviolet Rays• Ultraviolet Rays – 5% of natural sunlight• Short wavelengths• Penetrate the least• Produce chemical effects• Kill germs


Ultraviolet Disadvantages• Can cause skin cancer• 1,000,000 cases diagnosed annually• 1 in 5 Americans will develop skin cancer• 90% result from UV radiation and tanning

beds


Ultraviolet Ray Application• Lamp should be 30” – 36” from skin• 2 – 3 minute exposure initially• Increase to 7 – 8 minutes• Avoid overexposure• Never leave client unattended


Light and Heat Energy – Nail Technology

• Catalysts

• UV light


Summary and Review• Describe the 2 types of electric current

and give examples of each.• List 4 main types of electrical

measurements. What do they measure?• List and describe 2 main electric

modalities or currents used in cosmetology.


• List and describe 2 main types of light therapy.

• What is electromagnetic radiation?• Name 2 important precautions to observe

when using light therapy.


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Basics of Electricity Milady’s Standard Cosmetology Cosmetology: