Turkey in Europe Breaking the vicious circle Second report of the Independent Commission on Turkey September 2009 Is Turkey’s EU accession process grindin g to a halt? Did open opposition to Turkish membersh ip by some European leaders caus e the slow-down oTurkey’s reorm process in recent years, or was it the Ankara government’s lack oresol ve? Is there a danger o“creeping Islamisation ” in Turkish society? What are the chances or solving the Kurdish question, the Cyprus problem and the dierences with Armenia? Can Turkey’s important new geo-politic al role in the region be an asset or the Europea n Union? These and other questions are answered in this report othe Independen t Commission on Turkey. The Independent Commission was established by prominent European politicians or the purpose oanalysing some othe most pressing aspect s oTurkey’s accession to the EU. Its frst repor t Turkey in Europe: More than a Promise? was issued in September 2004. Members othe Independent Commission on Turkey would like to thank the Open Society Foundation and the British Council or their support to this report.