HISTORY: RevolutionsWritten examination

Wednesday 16 November 2011 Reading time: 3.00 pm to 3.15 pm (15 minutes) Writing time: 3.15 pm to 5.15 pm (2 hours)

QUESTION BOOK

Structure of bookSection Number of

questionsNumber of questions

to be answeredNumber of

marks

A 3 3 40B 2 2 40

Total 80

• Studentsarepermittedtobringintotheexaminationroom:pens,pencils,highlighters,erasers,sharpenersandrulers.

• StudentsareNOTpermittedtobringintotheexaminationroom:blanksheetsofpaperand/orwhiteoutliquid/tape.

• Nocalculatorisallowedinthisexamination.

Materials supplied• Questionbookof14pages.• Answerbookof16pages.Additionalspaceisavailableattheendofeachsectionintheanswerbook

ifyouneedextrapapertocompleteananswer.

Instructions• Writeyourstudent number and your name inthespaceprovidedonthefrontcoveroftheanswer

book.• IndicateintheanswerbooktherevolutionthatyouhavechosenforSectionAandtherevolutionyou

havechosenforSectionB.Youmustnotchoosethesamerevolutionforbothsections.• AllwrittenresponsesmustbeinEnglish.

At the end of the examination• Youmaykeepthisquestionbook.

Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic devices into the examination room.

©VICTORIANCURRICULUMANDASSESSMENTAUTHORITY2011

Victorian Certificate of Education 2011

2011HISTREVEXAM 2

SECTION A–continued

SECTION A – Revolution one

Instructions for Section AIndicateintheanswerbooktherevolutionyouhavechosenforSectionAbyshadingtherelevantboxonpage2.AnswerallquestionsforthisrevolutioninSectionAoftheanswerbook.YoumustnotchoosethesamerevolutionforSectionAandSectionB.Writeusingblackorbluepen.

Revolution Page

America........................................................................................................................................................... 3

France.............................................................................................................................................................. 4

Russia..............................................................................................................................................................6

China............................................................................................................................................................... 8

3 2011HISTREVEXAM

SECTION A–continuedTURN OVER

America

Revolutionary ideas, leaders, movements and events – American Revolution 1763 to 1776

Question 1Usingthreeorfourpoints,explainhowdemandsforself-governmentamongtheAmericancoloniesacceleratedthedevelopmentoftheAmericanRevolutionbetweenl763andl776.Provideevidencetosupportyouranswer.

10marks

Question 2Usingthreeorfourpoints,explainhowtheCoerciveActsofl774(alsoknownastheIntolerableActs)contributedtoarevolutionarysituationintheAmericancolonies.Provideevidencetosupportyouranswer.

10marks

Creating a new society – American Revolution 1776 to 1789

Question 3

Federal Superstructure‘ThePillaroftheGreatFederalEdificerisesdaily.’AnonymouscartoonintheMassachusetts Centinel,30January1788

a. IdentifytwofeaturesoftherepresentationwhichshowsupportfortheratificationoftheConstitution.2marks

b. IdentifytwofeaturesoftherepresentationwhichshowthattheratificationoftheConstitutionwasnoteasytoachieveinl787.

2marks

c. Usingyourownknowledgeandtherepresentation,explainthefactorsthatcreatedproblemsintheformationoftheConstitution.

6marks

d. EvaluatetowhatextentthisrepresentationprovidesareliabledepictionofthetensionsinthedebatesoftheConstitutionalConventionfroml787to1788.

InyourresponserefertodifferentpartsoftherepresentationandtootherviewsoftheRevolution.10marks

2011HISTREVEXAM 4

SECTION A–continued

France

Revolutionary ideas, leaders, movements and events – French Revolution 1781 to 4 August 1789

Question 1Usingthreeorfourpoints,explainhowpressuresonthecostoffoodandlivingfrom1781to1789contributedtothedevelopmentoftheFrenchRevolutionbyAugust1789.Provideevidencetosupportyouranswer.

10marks

Question 2Usingthreeorfourpoints,explainhowby20June1789thefrustrationandangeroftheThirdEstatedeputiescontributedtoarevolutionarysituationinFrancein1789.Provideevidencetosupportyouranswer.

10marks

5 2011HISTREVEXAM

SECTION A–continuedTURN OVER

Creating a new society – French Revolution 5 August 1789 to 1795

Question 3

DenisAugusteMarieRaffetimages,LouisXVI,KingofFrance,‘ThepeopleattheTuileries,20June1792’

a. Identifytwosocialclassesdepictedintherepresentation.2marks

b. IdentifytwowaystheartisthassuggestedthattheRevolutionwasnotpeacefulin1792.2marks

c. By referring to parts of the representation andusingyour ownknowledge, explain the tensions thatcontributedtotherevolutionaryactionsby1792.

6marks

d. Evaluatetowhatextenttherepresentation isareliabledepictionofthewaythenewsocietywascreated. InyourresponserefertodifferentpartsoftherepresentationandtootherviewsoftheRevolution.

10marks

2011HISTREVEXAM 6

SECTION A–continued

Russia

Revolutionary ideas, leaders, movements and events – Russian Revolution 1905 to October 1917

Question 1Usingthreeorfourpoints,explainhowthefunctioningoftheStateDumascontributedtothedevelopmentoftheRevolutioninRussiabetween1906andFebruary1917.Provideevidencetosupportyouranswer.

10marks

Question 2Usingthreeorfourpoints,explainhowtheexerciseofDualAuthoritycontributedtoarevolutionarysituationinRussiabetweenFebruary1917andOctober1917.Provideevidencetosupportyouranswer.

10marks

7 2011HISTREVEXAM

SECTION A–continuedTURN OVER

Creating a new society – Russian Revolution November 1917 to 1924

Question 3

Cossack, with whom are you? With us or with them?Russian Poster 1920, source:Through the Russian Revolution,AlbertRhysWilliams,London,TheLabourPublishingCo.1923

a. Identifytwosocialgroupsdepictedintherepresentation.2marks

b. IdentifytwoproblemsrevealedbytherepresentationintheBolshevikconsolidationofpower.2marks

c. Byreferringtopartsoftherepresentationandusingyourownknowledge,explainthepoliticalandsocialconflictsthatemergedintheCivilWarperiod.

6marks

d. EvaluatetowhatextenttherepresentationisusefulinunderstandingthetensionsconfrontingthenewsocietyintheCivilWarperiod.

InyourresponserefertodifferentpartsoftherepresentationandtootherviewsoftheRevolution.10marks

2011HISTREVEXAM 8

SECTION A–continued

China

Revolutionary ideas, leaders, movements and events – Chinese Revolution 1898 to 1949

Question 1Usingthreeorfourpoints,explainhowtheeventsinWuhanin1911contributedtothedevelopmentoftheChineseRevolutionto1925.Provideevidencetosupportyouranswer.

10marks

Question 2Usingthreeorfourpoints,explainhowforeigninterventionuntil1949contributedtoarevolutionarysituationinChinaby1949.Provideevidencetosupportyouranswer.

10marks

9 2011HISTREVEXAM

END OF SECTION ATURN OVER

Creating a new society – Chinese Revolution 1949 to 1976

Question 3

‘Thecommuneislikeagiganticdragon,productionisvisiblyawe-inspiring’,September1959

a. Identifytwosocialclassesdepictedintherepresentation.2marks

b. IdentifytwoadvantagessuggestedbytherepresentationthatwillresultfromthePeople’sCommunes.2marks

c. Usingyourownknowledgeandtherepresentation,explaintheoutcomeofthePeople’sCommunesduringtheGreatLeapForward.

6marks

d. EvaluatetowhatextentthisrepresentationofChinesesocietyisareliabledepictionoftheoutcomesoftheGreatLeapForwardby1960.

Inyourresponserefertodifferentpartsoftherepresentationandtoother viewsoftheGreatLeapForward.10marks

2011HISTREVEXAM 10

SECTION B–continued

SECTION B – Revolution two

Instructions for Section BIndicateintheanswerbooktherevolutionyouhavechosenforSectionBbyshadingtherelevantboxonpage9.AnswerallquestionsforthisrevolutioninSectionBoftheanswerbook.YoumustnotchoosethesamerevolutionforSectionAandSectionB.Writeusingblackorbluepen.

Revolution Page

America......................................................................................................................................................... 11

France............................................................................................................................................................12

Russia............................................................................................................................................................13

China.............................................................................................................................................................14

11 2011HISTREVEXAM

SECTION B–continuedTURN OVER

America

Revolutionary ideas, leaders, movements and events – American Revolution 1763 to 1776

Question 1SamuelAdams,writingontherevolutionaryideasoflibertyandfreedomin1772.Merrill Jensen (ed.),Tracts of the American Revolution,TheBobbs-MerrillCompany, Indianapolis, 1967, pp.235,236,237,239

Among thenaturalRightsof theColonistsare these:First,aRight toLife;Secondly toLiberty; thirdly toProperty;togetherwiththeRighttosupportanddefendtheminthebestmannertheycan......“Thenaturallibertyofmanistobefreefromanysuperiorpoweronearth,andnottobeunderthewillorlegislativeauthorityofman;butonlytohavethelawofnatureforhisrule”......“Justandtrueliberty,equalandimpartialliberty”inmattersspiritualandtemporal1,isathingthatallMenareclearlyentitledto,bythe...lawsofnature,aswellasbythelawofNations......thegreatendofcivilgovernmentfromtheverynatureofitsinstitutionisforthesupport,protectionanddefenceofthoseveryrights......AllMenhaveaRighttoremaininaStateofNature...AndincaseofintollerableOppression...toleavetheSocietytheybelongto,andenterintoanother......civillaws,shouldconformasfaraspossible,totheLawofnaturalreason......TheLegislativehasnorighttoabsolutearbitrarypoweroverthelivesandfortunesofthepeople......AllPersonsbornintheBritishAmericanColoniesarebythelawsofGodandnature...entitledtoallnaturalessential,inherent&inseperableRightsLibertiesandPrivileges...1temporal–secular,thatis,theoppositeofspiritual

a. IdentifyfromtheextracttwoofthenaturalrightsoftheColonists.2marks

b. Identifyfromtheextracttwowaysinwhichman’slibertyistobekeptfree.2marks

c. Byquotingfromtheextractandusingyourownknowledge,explaintheextenttowhichideasofrightsandlibertyinfluencedthedirectionoftheAmericanRevolution.

6marks

d. Evaluatetheusefulnessoftheextractinunderstandingtheriseofrevolutionaryleadersandtheirideasfrom1763to1776.

Inyourresponsequotepartsoftheextractandrefertodifferentviewsoftheperiod1763to1776.10marks

Creating a new society – American Revolution 1776–1789

Question 2 – Essay responseHistorianshaveseentheAmericanRevolutionasestablishinganeworderforthefuture.TowhatextentwasaneworderestablishedfortheAmericanpeople?Useevidencetosupportyouranswer.

20marks

2011HISTREVEXAM 12

SECTION B–continued

France

Revolutionary ideas, leaders, movements and events – French Revolution 1781 to 4 August 1789

Question 1ExtractfromAlbertMathiez,writingontheAugust the4thDecrees inThe French Revolution,NewYork,Russell&Russell1962,p.53

AnobscureBretondeputy,LeguendeKerangal,whohadlivedincountryfashioninthelittle townwherehewasalinen-draper,roseandrelatedthesorrowsofthecountrypeoplewithaneloquencetouchinginitssimplicity:“Letusbejust,gentlemen;letthembringtousherethosetitle-deedswhichareanoutrage,notonlytooursenseofshame,buttoourveryhumanity.Letthembringusthosetitle-deedswhichhumiliatethehumanracebydemandingthatmenshouldbeharnessedtotheploughlikebeastsofburden.Letthembringusthetitle-deedswhichobligementospendthenightbeatingpondstopreventthefrogsfromdisturbingthesleepoftheirpleasure-lovinglords.Whichofus,gentlemen,inthisenlightenedcentury,wouldnotmakeanexpiatorypyre1oftheseinfamousparchmentsandsetfiretoitinordertosacrificethemuponthealtarofthefatherland?YouwillnotrestorecalmtoadistractedFrance,gentlemen,untilyouhavepromisedthepeoplethatyouwillcommute2foramoneypayment,redeemableatwill,allfeudaldueswhatsoever, theslightesttracesofwhichgivethepeoplejustcauseforcomplaintandwillbeabolishedbythelawsyouareabouttopromulgate3.”Itwascertainlyaboldacttojustifytheburningoftherecordsbeforeanassemblyoflandowners,buttheconclusionwasmoderate,sinceonthewholetheBretonorator4acceptedtheredemptionofthoseduesofwhichheproclaimedtheinjustice.1expiatorypyre–burningthingsinalargepiletomakeamends 2commute–exchange3promulgate–proclaim 4orator–speaker

a. Identifytwowaysthatthetitle-deedswereanoutrageaccordingtothedeputyfromBreton.2marks

b. Identifytwoactions(notmentionedinpart a.)requiredbythetitle-deedswhichhumiliatedpeopleandplacedunreasonabledemandsuponthem.

2marks

c. Byquotingfromtheextractandusingyourownknowledge,explaintheideasandeventswhichinfluencedthenobledeputieson4August1789.

6marks

d. EvaluatehowusefulthisextractmightbeinprovidinganaccuraterepresentationofrevolutionaryideasandleaderswhoshapedtheRevolutionto4August1789.

InyourresponsequotepartsoftheextractandrefertodifferentviewsoftheRevolution.10marks

Creating a new society – French Revolution 5 August 1789 to 1795

Question 2 – Essay responseHistorianshavedescribedtheFrenchRevolutionasbringingaboutachangedFrancebecauseoftheurgentpressureofthepoorestclasses.Towhatextentdoyouagree?Useevidencetosupportyouranswer.

20marks

13 2011HISTREVEXAM

SECTION B–continuedTURN OVER

Russia

Revolutionary ideas, leaders, movements and events – Russian Revolution 1905 to October 1917

Question 1ExtractfromSteveASmith,‘Petrogradin1917:theviewfrombelow’inRexAWade’sRevolutionary Russia,London,Routledge,2004,pp.20and21

Originallypublishedin‘Petrogradin1917:TheViewfromBelow’inDanielHKaiser’sTheWorker’sRevolutioninRussia:TheViewfromBelow,NewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress,1987

AtthetimeoftheFebruaryRevolutiontheBolshevikpartyhadbeeninconsiderabledisarray.Itsmostableleaderswereabroadorinexile;itsmembershiphaddwindledasaresultofwartimepersecutionbytheauthorities;andthepartyorganizationwasfragmented,bothgeographically...andpolitically...TheFebruaryRevolutiontooktheBolsheviksbysurprise,andtheydividedintheirattitudetotheProvisionalGovernment.ItwasonlyafterLeninreturnedfromSwitzerlandonApril4thatameaningfuldegreeofpoliticalunitywasrestoredintheparty.Lenin’sAprilThesesrepresentedanextremebutperspicacious1analysisofthepoliticalsituationinRussia,whichbrokesharplywiththeorthodoxSocial-Democraticconceptionofatwo-stagerevolution.Leninconsideredthatthe“oldBolshevik”formulathatthe“bourgeoisrevolutionisnotyetcompleted”was“obsolete.”...theremustbeabsolutelynosupportforthecapitalistProvisionalGovernment:powermustpassinsteadintothehandsoftheproletariatandpoorpeasantryviaarepublicofsoviets.Meanwhile,Leninargued,thewarremainedoneof“imperialistbanditry,”whichtheBolsheviksmustunbendingly2oppose.ThepartyacceptedthesenewstrategicperspectivesatitsAprilConferenceonlyafterconsiderableoppositionhadbeenovercome;thenewviewswereconcretized3intheslogans“AllPowertotheSoviets!”and“DownwiththeWar!”1perspicacious–intelligentunderstanding 2unbendingly–withnoflexibility3concretized–madereal

a. IdentifytworeasonswhytheBolshevikpartywasindisarray.2marks

b. IdentifytwoactionsproposedbyLenin.2marks

c. Byquotingfromtheextractandusingyourownknowledge,explaintheroleoftheBolshevikPartyinadvancingarevolutionarysituationtoOctober1917.

6marks

d. EvaluatehowusefulthisextractisasevidenceoftheissuesconfrontingtheProvisionalGovernmentinRussia.

InyourresponsequotepartsoftheextractandrefertodifferentviewsoftheRevolution.10marks

Creating a new society – Russian Revolution November 1917 to 1924

Question 2 – Essay responseOnehistorianclaimstheBolshevikRevolutionwasa‘people’stragedy’.Towhatextentcanthisclaimbejustified?Useevidencetosupportyouranswer.

20marks

2011HISTREVEXAM 14

China

Revolutionary ideas, leaders, movements and events – Chinese Revolution 1898 to 1949

Question 1

a. IdentifyfromtheextracttwotypesofinequalityinYenan.2marks

b. Identifyfromtheextracttwospecialprivileges(notmentionedinpart a.)availabletotopofficialsorleadersinYenan.

2marks

c. Byquoting from the extract and using your ownknowledge, explainwhyMao launched theYenanRectificationCampaignin1942.

6marks

d. Evaluate towhatextent thisextract isuseful inprovidinga reliableviewof theYenanperiodand itscontributiontotheCCPvictoryin1949.

InyourresponsequotepartsoftheextractandrefertodifferentviewsoftheYenanperiodandreasonsfortheCCPvictoryin1949.

10marks

Creating a new society – Chinese Revolution 1949 to 1976

Question 2 – Essay responseSeveralhistoriansarguethatMaoZedong’slegacywasoneofdeathanddestruction–onethatcompletelydestroyedChinesesocietyandleftwellover70millionpeopledead.DidMao’srulefrom1949until1976bringanybenefittoChinesesociety?Useevidencetosupportyouranswer.

20marks

END OF QUESTION BOOK

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