HISTORY: RevolutionsWritten examination
Wednesday 16 November 2011 Reading time: 3.00 pm to 3.15 pm (15 minutes) Writing time: 3.15 pm to 5.15 pm (2 hours)
QUESTION BOOK
Structure of bookSection Number of
questionsNumber of questions
to be answeredNumber of
marks
A 3 3 40B 2 2 40
Total 80
• Studentsarepermittedtobringintotheexaminationroom:pens,pencils,highlighters,erasers,sharpenersandrulers.
• StudentsareNOTpermittedtobringintotheexaminationroom:blanksheetsofpaperand/orwhiteoutliquid/tape.
• Nocalculatorisallowedinthisexamination.
Materials supplied• Questionbookof14pages.• Answerbookof16pages.Additionalspaceisavailableattheendofeachsectionintheanswerbook
ifyouneedextrapapertocompleteananswer.
Instructions• Writeyourstudent number and your name inthespaceprovidedonthefrontcoveroftheanswer
book.• IndicateintheanswerbooktherevolutionthatyouhavechosenforSectionAandtherevolutionyou
havechosenforSectionB.Youmustnotchoosethesamerevolutionforbothsections.• AllwrittenresponsesmustbeinEnglish.
At the end of the examination• Youmaykeepthisquestionbook.
Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic devices into the examination room.
©VICTORIANCURRICULUMANDASSESSMENTAUTHORITY2011
Victorian Certificate of Education 2011
2011HISTREVEXAM 2
SECTION A–continued
SECTION A – Revolution one
Instructions for Section AIndicateintheanswerbooktherevolutionyouhavechosenforSectionAbyshadingtherelevantboxonpage2.AnswerallquestionsforthisrevolutioninSectionAoftheanswerbook.YoumustnotchoosethesamerevolutionforSectionAandSectionB.Writeusingblackorbluepen.
Revolution Page
America........................................................................................................................................................... 3
France.............................................................................................................................................................. 4
Russia..............................................................................................................................................................6
China............................................................................................................................................................... 8
3 2011HISTREVEXAM
SECTION A–continuedTURN OVER
America
Revolutionary ideas, leaders, movements and events – American Revolution 1763 to 1776
Question 1Usingthreeorfourpoints,explainhowdemandsforself-governmentamongtheAmericancoloniesacceleratedthedevelopmentoftheAmericanRevolutionbetweenl763andl776.Provideevidencetosupportyouranswer.
10marks
Question 2Usingthreeorfourpoints,explainhowtheCoerciveActsofl774(alsoknownastheIntolerableActs)contributedtoarevolutionarysituationintheAmericancolonies.Provideevidencetosupportyouranswer.
10marks
Creating a new society – American Revolution 1776 to 1789
Question 3
Federal Superstructure‘ThePillaroftheGreatFederalEdificerisesdaily.’AnonymouscartoonintheMassachusetts Centinel,30January1788
a. IdentifytwofeaturesoftherepresentationwhichshowsupportfortheratificationoftheConstitution.2marks
b. IdentifytwofeaturesoftherepresentationwhichshowthattheratificationoftheConstitutionwasnoteasytoachieveinl787.
2marks
c. Usingyourownknowledgeandtherepresentation,explainthefactorsthatcreatedproblemsintheformationoftheConstitution.
6marks
d. EvaluatetowhatextentthisrepresentationprovidesareliabledepictionofthetensionsinthedebatesoftheConstitutionalConventionfroml787to1788.
InyourresponserefertodifferentpartsoftherepresentationandtootherviewsoftheRevolution.10marks
2011HISTREVEXAM 4
SECTION A–continued
France
Revolutionary ideas, leaders, movements and events – French Revolution 1781 to 4 August 1789
Question 1Usingthreeorfourpoints,explainhowpressuresonthecostoffoodandlivingfrom1781to1789contributedtothedevelopmentoftheFrenchRevolutionbyAugust1789.Provideevidencetosupportyouranswer.
10marks
Question 2Usingthreeorfourpoints,explainhowby20June1789thefrustrationandangeroftheThirdEstatedeputiescontributedtoarevolutionarysituationinFrancein1789.Provideevidencetosupportyouranswer.
10marks
5 2011HISTREVEXAM
SECTION A–continuedTURN OVER
Creating a new society – French Revolution 5 August 1789 to 1795
Question 3
DenisAugusteMarieRaffetimages,LouisXVI,KingofFrance,‘ThepeopleattheTuileries,20June1792’
a. Identifytwosocialclassesdepictedintherepresentation.2marks
b. IdentifytwowaystheartisthassuggestedthattheRevolutionwasnotpeacefulin1792.2marks
c. By referring to parts of the representation andusingyour ownknowledge, explain the tensions thatcontributedtotherevolutionaryactionsby1792.
6marks
d. Evaluatetowhatextenttherepresentation isareliabledepictionofthewaythenewsocietywascreated. InyourresponserefertodifferentpartsoftherepresentationandtootherviewsoftheRevolution.
10marks
2011HISTREVEXAM 6
SECTION A–continued
Russia
Revolutionary ideas, leaders, movements and events – Russian Revolution 1905 to October 1917
Question 1Usingthreeorfourpoints,explainhowthefunctioningoftheStateDumascontributedtothedevelopmentoftheRevolutioninRussiabetween1906andFebruary1917.Provideevidencetosupportyouranswer.
10marks
Question 2Usingthreeorfourpoints,explainhowtheexerciseofDualAuthoritycontributedtoarevolutionarysituationinRussiabetweenFebruary1917andOctober1917.Provideevidencetosupportyouranswer.
10marks
7 2011HISTREVEXAM
SECTION A–continuedTURN OVER
Creating a new society – Russian Revolution November 1917 to 1924
Question 3
Cossack, with whom are you? With us or with them?Russian Poster 1920, source:Through the Russian Revolution,AlbertRhysWilliams,London,TheLabourPublishingCo.1923
a. Identifytwosocialgroupsdepictedintherepresentation.2marks
b. IdentifytwoproblemsrevealedbytherepresentationintheBolshevikconsolidationofpower.2marks
c. Byreferringtopartsoftherepresentationandusingyourownknowledge,explainthepoliticalandsocialconflictsthatemergedintheCivilWarperiod.
6marks
d. EvaluatetowhatextenttherepresentationisusefulinunderstandingthetensionsconfrontingthenewsocietyintheCivilWarperiod.
InyourresponserefertodifferentpartsoftherepresentationandtootherviewsoftheRevolution.10marks
2011HISTREVEXAM 8
SECTION A–continued
China
Revolutionary ideas, leaders, movements and events – Chinese Revolution 1898 to 1949
Question 1Usingthreeorfourpoints,explainhowtheeventsinWuhanin1911contributedtothedevelopmentoftheChineseRevolutionto1925.Provideevidencetosupportyouranswer.
10marks
Question 2Usingthreeorfourpoints,explainhowforeigninterventionuntil1949contributedtoarevolutionarysituationinChinaby1949.Provideevidencetosupportyouranswer.
10marks
9 2011HISTREVEXAM
END OF SECTION ATURN OVER
Creating a new society – Chinese Revolution 1949 to 1976
Question 3
‘Thecommuneislikeagiganticdragon,productionisvisiblyawe-inspiring’,September1959
a. Identifytwosocialclassesdepictedintherepresentation.2marks
b. IdentifytwoadvantagessuggestedbytherepresentationthatwillresultfromthePeople’sCommunes.2marks
c. Usingyourownknowledgeandtherepresentation,explaintheoutcomeofthePeople’sCommunesduringtheGreatLeapForward.
6marks
d. EvaluatetowhatextentthisrepresentationofChinesesocietyisareliabledepictionoftheoutcomesoftheGreatLeapForwardby1960.
Inyourresponserefertodifferentpartsoftherepresentationandtoother viewsoftheGreatLeapForward.10marks
2011HISTREVEXAM 10
SECTION B–continued
SECTION B – Revolution two
Instructions for Section BIndicateintheanswerbooktherevolutionyouhavechosenforSectionBbyshadingtherelevantboxonpage9.AnswerallquestionsforthisrevolutioninSectionBoftheanswerbook.YoumustnotchoosethesamerevolutionforSectionAandSectionB.Writeusingblackorbluepen.
Revolution Page
America......................................................................................................................................................... 11
France............................................................................................................................................................12
Russia............................................................................................................................................................13
China.............................................................................................................................................................14
11 2011HISTREVEXAM
SECTION B–continuedTURN OVER
America
Revolutionary ideas, leaders, movements and events – American Revolution 1763 to 1776
Question 1SamuelAdams,writingontherevolutionaryideasoflibertyandfreedomin1772.Merrill Jensen (ed.),Tracts of the American Revolution,TheBobbs-MerrillCompany, Indianapolis, 1967, pp.235,236,237,239
Among thenaturalRightsof theColonistsare these:First,aRight toLife;Secondly toLiberty; thirdly toProperty;togetherwiththeRighttosupportanddefendtheminthebestmannertheycan......“Thenaturallibertyofmanistobefreefromanysuperiorpoweronearth,andnottobeunderthewillorlegislativeauthorityofman;butonlytohavethelawofnatureforhisrule”......“Justandtrueliberty,equalandimpartialliberty”inmattersspiritualandtemporal1,isathingthatallMenareclearlyentitledto,bythe...lawsofnature,aswellasbythelawofNations......thegreatendofcivilgovernmentfromtheverynatureofitsinstitutionisforthesupport,protectionanddefenceofthoseveryrights......AllMenhaveaRighttoremaininaStateofNature...AndincaseofintollerableOppression...toleavetheSocietytheybelongto,andenterintoanother......civillaws,shouldconformasfaraspossible,totheLawofnaturalreason......TheLegislativehasnorighttoabsolutearbitrarypoweroverthelivesandfortunesofthepeople......AllPersonsbornintheBritishAmericanColoniesarebythelawsofGodandnature...entitledtoallnaturalessential,inherent&inseperableRightsLibertiesandPrivileges...1temporal–secular,thatis,theoppositeofspiritual
a. IdentifyfromtheextracttwoofthenaturalrightsoftheColonists.2marks
b. Identifyfromtheextracttwowaysinwhichman’slibertyistobekeptfree.2marks
c. Byquotingfromtheextractandusingyourownknowledge,explaintheextenttowhichideasofrightsandlibertyinfluencedthedirectionoftheAmericanRevolution.
6marks
d. Evaluatetheusefulnessoftheextractinunderstandingtheriseofrevolutionaryleadersandtheirideasfrom1763to1776.
Inyourresponsequotepartsoftheextractandrefertodifferentviewsoftheperiod1763to1776.10marks
Creating a new society – American Revolution 1776–1789
Question 2 – Essay responseHistorianshaveseentheAmericanRevolutionasestablishinganeworderforthefuture.TowhatextentwasaneworderestablishedfortheAmericanpeople?Useevidencetosupportyouranswer.
20marks
2011HISTREVEXAM 12
SECTION B–continued
France
Revolutionary ideas, leaders, movements and events – French Revolution 1781 to 4 August 1789
Question 1ExtractfromAlbertMathiez,writingontheAugust the4thDecrees inThe French Revolution,NewYork,Russell&Russell1962,p.53
AnobscureBretondeputy,LeguendeKerangal,whohadlivedincountryfashioninthelittle townwherehewasalinen-draper,roseandrelatedthesorrowsofthecountrypeoplewithaneloquencetouchinginitssimplicity:“Letusbejust,gentlemen;letthembringtousherethosetitle-deedswhichareanoutrage,notonlytooursenseofshame,buttoourveryhumanity.Letthembringusthosetitle-deedswhichhumiliatethehumanracebydemandingthatmenshouldbeharnessedtotheploughlikebeastsofburden.Letthembringusthetitle-deedswhichobligementospendthenightbeatingpondstopreventthefrogsfromdisturbingthesleepoftheirpleasure-lovinglords.Whichofus,gentlemen,inthisenlightenedcentury,wouldnotmakeanexpiatorypyre1oftheseinfamousparchmentsandsetfiretoitinordertosacrificethemuponthealtarofthefatherland?YouwillnotrestorecalmtoadistractedFrance,gentlemen,untilyouhavepromisedthepeoplethatyouwillcommute2foramoneypayment,redeemableatwill,allfeudaldueswhatsoever, theslightesttracesofwhichgivethepeoplejustcauseforcomplaintandwillbeabolishedbythelawsyouareabouttopromulgate3.”Itwascertainlyaboldacttojustifytheburningoftherecordsbeforeanassemblyoflandowners,buttheconclusionwasmoderate,sinceonthewholetheBretonorator4acceptedtheredemptionofthoseduesofwhichheproclaimedtheinjustice.1expiatorypyre–burningthingsinalargepiletomakeamends 2commute–exchange3promulgate–proclaim 4orator–speaker
a. Identifytwowaysthatthetitle-deedswereanoutrageaccordingtothedeputyfromBreton.2marks
b. Identifytwoactions(notmentionedinpart a.)requiredbythetitle-deedswhichhumiliatedpeopleandplacedunreasonabledemandsuponthem.
2marks
c. Byquotingfromtheextractandusingyourownknowledge,explaintheideasandeventswhichinfluencedthenobledeputieson4August1789.
6marks
d. EvaluatehowusefulthisextractmightbeinprovidinganaccuraterepresentationofrevolutionaryideasandleaderswhoshapedtheRevolutionto4August1789.
InyourresponsequotepartsoftheextractandrefertodifferentviewsoftheRevolution.10marks
Creating a new society – French Revolution 5 August 1789 to 1795
Question 2 – Essay responseHistorianshavedescribedtheFrenchRevolutionasbringingaboutachangedFrancebecauseoftheurgentpressureofthepoorestclasses.Towhatextentdoyouagree?Useevidencetosupportyouranswer.
20marks
13 2011HISTREVEXAM
SECTION B–continuedTURN OVER
Russia
Revolutionary ideas, leaders, movements and events – Russian Revolution 1905 to October 1917
Question 1ExtractfromSteveASmith,‘Petrogradin1917:theviewfrombelow’inRexAWade’sRevolutionary Russia,London,Routledge,2004,pp.20and21
Originallypublishedin‘Petrogradin1917:TheViewfromBelow’inDanielHKaiser’sTheWorker’sRevolutioninRussia:TheViewfromBelow,NewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress,1987
AtthetimeoftheFebruaryRevolutiontheBolshevikpartyhadbeeninconsiderabledisarray.Itsmostableleaderswereabroadorinexile;itsmembershiphaddwindledasaresultofwartimepersecutionbytheauthorities;andthepartyorganizationwasfragmented,bothgeographically...andpolitically...TheFebruaryRevolutiontooktheBolsheviksbysurprise,andtheydividedintheirattitudetotheProvisionalGovernment.ItwasonlyafterLeninreturnedfromSwitzerlandonApril4thatameaningfuldegreeofpoliticalunitywasrestoredintheparty.Lenin’sAprilThesesrepresentedanextremebutperspicacious1analysisofthepoliticalsituationinRussia,whichbrokesharplywiththeorthodoxSocial-Democraticconceptionofatwo-stagerevolution.Leninconsideredthatthe“oldBolshevik”formulathatthe“bourgeoisrevolutionisnotyetcompleted”was“obsolete.”...theremustbeabsolutelynosupportforthecapitalistProvisionalGovernment:powermustpassinsteadintothehandsoftheproletariatandpoorpeasantryviaarepublicofsoviets.Meanwhile,Leninargued,thewarremainedoneof“imperialistbanditry,”whichtheBolsheviksmustunbendingly2oppose.ThepartyacceptedthesenewstrategicperspectivesatitsAprilConferenceonlyafterconsiderableoppositionhadbeenovercome;thenewviewswereconcretized3intheslogans“AllPowertotheSoviets!”and“DownwiththeWar!”1perspicacious–intelligentunderstanding 2unbendingly–withnoflexibility3concretized–madereal
a. IdentifytworeasonswhytheBolshevikpartywasindisarray.2marks
b. IdentifytwoactionsproposedbyLenin.2marks
c. Byquotingfromtheextractandusingyourownknowledge,explaintheroleoftheBolshevikPartyinadvancingarevolutionarysituationtoOctober1917.
6marks
d. EvaluatehowusefulthisextractisasevidenceoftheissuesconfrontingtheProvisionalGovernmentinRussia.
InyourresponsequotepartsoftheextractandrefertodifferentviewsoftheRevolution.10marks
Creating a new society – Russian Revolution November 1917 to 1924
Question 2 – Essay responseOnehistorianclaimstheBolshevikRevolutionwasa‘people’stragedy’.Towhatextentcanthisclaimbejustified?Useevidencetosupportyouranswer.
20marks
2011HISTREVEXAM 14
China
Revolutionary ideas, leaders, movements and events – Chinese Revolution 1898 to 1949
Question 1
a. IdentifyfromtheextracttwotypesofinequalityinYenan.2marks
b. Identifyfromtheextracttwospecialprivileges(notmentionedinpart a.)availabletotopofficialsorleadersinYenan.
2marks
c. Byquoting from the extract and using your ownknowledge, explainwhyMao launched theYenanRectificationCampaignin1942.
6marks
d. Evaluate towhatextent thisextract isuseful inprovidinga reliableviewof theYenanperiodand itscontributiontotheCCPvictoryin1949.
InyourresponsequotepartsoftheextractandrefertodifferentviewsoftheYenanperiodandreasonsfortheCCPvictoryin1949.
10marks
Creating a new society – Chinese Revolution 1949 to 1976
Question 2 – Essay responseSeveralhistoriansarguethatMaoZedong’slegacywasoneofdeathanddestruction–onethatcompletelydestroyedChinesesocietyandleftwellover70millionpeopledead.DidMao’srulefrom1949until1976bringanybenefittoChinesesociety?Useevidencetosupportyouranswer.
20marks
END OF QUESTION BOOK
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