2011.1.11.Hygiene and Bacteriology

8/13/2019 2011.1.11.Hygiene and Bacteriology

1/28

Hygiene and BacteriologyInfection control


2/28

Government bodies and agencies

Each state or territory has its on legislationregarding different areas of beauty therapy.

Depending on the state you may or may not beable to pierce the skin(e.g. use lancets) accordingto the skin penetration act.

As a therapist it is your responsibility to beaware of what can legally be performed in yourstate.


3/28

Some agencies and bodies to be awareof: Public Health (Skin Penetration) regulation

2000

NSW Health TGA- Therapeutic Goods Administration deals with

which products can be allowed to be used and whatproducts have been government tested for the

Australian market for: quality safety efficacy, where appropriate, and

timely availability


4/28

Infection control

Micro organisms are everywhere.

It is not possible to live in a sterile environmentso we need to make sure that the risk of crossinfection is minimised.

Because micro organisms are invisible traces

may be present that can cause serious healthrisks such as Hepatitis B and C, and HIV

Safe working practices must be applied at alltimes.


5/28

4 Classifications of infectious Micro-organisms Bacteria

Fungi

Viruses

Parasites


6/28

Bacteria

Micro-organisms are microscopic (cannot beseen by the naked eye).

They are plants or animals

Sometimes called microbes they can exist almostanywhere.

Bacteria is grouped into 2 primary types eventhough there are thousands of different kinds.

1. Non pathogenic

2. Pathogenic


7/28

Bacteria

Non pathogenic Pathogenic

Most Bacteria are non

pathogenic. This means that they are

completely harmless and donot cause disease.

In our body non pathogenicbacteria break down food,protect us against infectionand stimulate the immunesystem.

These are considered harmful .

They may cause disease orinfection.

Sanitary conditions must bepracticed at all times toprevent spread of infection.


8/28

1.CocciStaphyloccoci- this bacteriais pus forming and appears inclusters like a bunch ofgrapes. Can cause pustules,

boils and abscesses

Streptococci- pus formingbacteria arranged in lines likea string of beads. Can cause

strep throat and bloodpoisoning.

Diplococci-grows in pairsand can cause diseases like

pneumonia

Classification of

pathogenic bacteria

There are 3 types of

Cocci bacteria. Theirdistinct shape makes iteasy to identify them.

They are round and canbe found singularly or ingroups.


9/28

Staphylococci

http://inst.bact.wisc.edu/inst/index.php?module=Book&func=displayarticle&art_id=137 http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/fox/strep-staph.htm
http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/fox/staph-impetigo.jpg


10/28

Streptococci Impetigo

bottelsena.glogster.com/Scarlet-Fever/ http://www.bytheholyspirit.org/beliefs_values.html
http://bottelsena.glogster.com/Scarlet-Fever/http://www.google.com.au/imgres?imgurl=http://www.bytheholyspirit.org/images/boy_before.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.bytheholyspirit.org/beliefs_values.html&usg=__q7I_Z7P2hLuEVldeniEn7Jc97Bc=&h=400&w=500&sz=30&hl=en&start=5&itbs=1&tbnid=Q2Jcs0s0_Qqo7M:&tbnh=104&tbnw=130&prev=/images?q=streptococcus+bacteria&hl=en&gbv=2&tbs=isch:1http://bottelsena.glogster.com/Scarlet-Fever/http://bottelsena.glogster.com/Scarlet-Fever/http://bottelsena.glogster.com/Scarlet-Fever/http://www.google.com.au/imgres?imgurl=http://www.glogster.com/media/1/6/62/92/6629244.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bottelsena.glogster.com/Scarlet-Fever/&usg=__qT0NaR5CRY-IrjT53ETnjsbI7HE=&h=340&w=456&sz=24&hl=en&start=1&itbs=1&tbnid=qTOHFKk9bO3q9M:&tbnh=95&tbnw=128&prev=/images?q=streptococcus+bacteria&hl=en&gbv=2&tbs=isch:1


11/28

Diplococci

http://sitemaker.umich.edu/mc13/bacterial_meningitis_causative_organism


12/28


13/28

Spirilla bacteria

3. Spirilla

Spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria.

A subdivision of this cancause syphilis.

staff.tuhsd.k12.az.us/.../standard/spirilla.jp


14/28

Tinea pedis (Athletes foot)

Thrives in a wet/warmenvironment

2.bp.blogspot.com/.../s400/athletes-foot_03.jpg

Fungus

Is a general term for thegroup of mushrooms,yeasts and moulds

marked by the absence ofchlorophyll

They are highlycontagious andresponsible for athlete'sfoot(tinea pedis) as wellas thrush


15/28

measles

Viruses

A virus is a microscopicorganism that can infestalmost all plants andanimals including

bacteria

Viruses are responsible for

the common cold,herpes, hepatitis,measles and chicken poxto name a few.

http://dermatology.about.com/od/infectionvirus/ig/Measles/Measles-Rash-on-Body.htm
http://z.about.com/d/dermatology/1/0/j/9/Measles8.jpg


16/28

Viruses and bacteria

A difference between viruses and bacteria is thatviruses live only by penetrating cells and

becoming part of them while bacteria can live ontheir own.

Viral infections cannot treated with anti-biotics.


17/28


18/28


19/28

ParasitesHead lice Tapeworm

http://www.natural-health-and-wellbeing.com/head-lice-advice.html http://www.adkforum.com/showthread.php?t=13365


20/28

Immunity

Is the ability of the body to resist disease. Wecan have immunity in 2 ways.

1. Natural Immunity- inherited resistance todisease (white blood cells and antibodies fightinfection, unbroken skin is a natural barrier)

2. Aquired Immunity- through overcomingdisease or through vaccination


21/28

Sanitisation, Disinfection, Sterilisation

http://scrapetv.com/News/News%20Pages/Specials/Swine-flu-2009/Pages/Swine-Flu-special-2009-Scrape-TV-The-World-on-your-side.html www.bellchemicals.co.za/Catalogue/disinfectan...
http://www.bellchemicals.co.za/Catalogue/disinfectants/disinfectants_antiseptics.htmhttp://img.diytrade.com/cdimg/911210/9606472/0/1246607224/Dental_medical_autoclave_sterilizer_MB-701.jpghttp://www.bellchemicals.co.za/Catalogue/disinfectants/disinfectants_antiseptics.htm


22/28

Sanitisation

to significantly reduce the number of pathogensor disease producing organisms found on a

surface

Hand washing is a form of sanitisation.

Antiseptics can kill, retard or prevent growth of

bacteria but they are not classified asdisinfectants. They are weaker thandisinfectants.


23/28

Disinfectants Disinfection is the killing of disease causing micro-

organisms except bacterial spores

Disinfection is by either thermal or chemicalmethods

The thermal method uses heat and water to kill

micro-organisms Chemical method uses liquid solutions in which nonporous implements can be soaked. They should bemixed with water according to manufacturersinstructions to be effective.


24/28

Disinfectants

Anything that needs to be disinfected must bethoroughly cleaned with water and detergent

first to remove any soiled matter.

Disinfecting will not be effective if items are not

sanitised first.


25/28


26/28


27/28

Review questions

Miladys work book chapter 4 pg14-18


28/28

Documents

2011.1.11.Hygiene and Bacteriology