1
!"##$%&#’( % ! " # $ % & ( ) !* !! !" !# !$ !% !& !’ !( !) "* "! "" "# "$ "% "& "’ "( ") #* #! #" ## #$ #% #& #’ #( #) $* $! $" $# $$ ! " # $ % & ( ) !* !! !" !# !$ !% !& !’ !( !) "* "! "" "# "$ "% "& "’ "( ") #* #! #" ## #$ #% #& #’ #( #) $* $! $" $# $$ %XGGKLVW1RVHOI$Q$QDO\VLVDQG&ULWLTXH SURFHVVRILQZKLFKWKHFRQVWLWXHQWPDWHULDOLVFRQWLQXRXVO\LQ X[6XFK WKLQNVWKDWWKHUHLVVRPHWKLQJRWKHUWKDQWKHVWUHDPHPHUJHQWXSRQ G\QDPLFDO V\VWHP WKHUH DUH PDFURVWDWHV ZKLFK WDNH WKH VWUHDP DV W 7KLVLVZKDWWKLVJURXSRI%XGGKLVWVJLYHWKHQDPH SHUVRQ¶7KHLUWKHRU\ XQGHUVWRRGDVWKHWKHVLVWKDWDSHUVRQLVDQRZQHUVKLSUHODWLRQHPH G\QDPLFDOV\VWHPWKDWLVWKHLQWHUODFHGVWUHDPRIWKH¿YHVRUWVRIPHQW RUWKHVWUHDPLWVHOILQLWVQHZFDSDFLW\WRIXQFWLRQDVDSODFH RIRZQHUVKLS 9DVXEDQGKX VWURQJO\ GLVDJUHHV 7KH H[DFW QDWXUH RI KLV GLVDJUHH KRZHYHU QHHGV WR EH VWDWHG ZLWK FDUH +LV YLHZ LV WKDW QRWKLQJ FRUUH WKH3XGJDODYGDXVHRIWKHWHUPSHUVRQ¶7KDWLVEHFDXVHKHKDVDQRRZQHU YLHZDQGVXFKYLHZVGHQ\WKDWWKHUHDUHHPHUJHQWPDFURVWDWHVRIWKHVR (TXDOO\FOHDUO\KRZHYHUKHGRHVQRWGHQ\WKDWVWUHDPVWKHXQGHUO\LQJG V\VWHPVWKHPVHOYHVH[LVWDQGLWPLJKWVHHPWKDWWKHUHLVQRWKLQJWRS XVLQJWKHWHUPSHUVRQ¶WRGHQRWHWKDW+HKDVEHHQFDOOHGD%XGGKLVW5HG VHHPLQJWRLPSO\WKDWKHUHGXFHVSHUVRQVWRVWUHDPV%XWDJDLQKHFOHDU KROGDQRUPDOUHGXFWLRQLVWYLHZWKHYLHZRI3DU¿WDQGIRUH[DPSOH 7KLVLVDJDLQEHFDXVHKHKDVDQRRZQHUVKLSYLHZDQGVRLQSDUWLFXODUGHQL VWUHDPVDUHRZQHUVRIVWDWHVRIFRQVFLRXVQHVV 7RPDNHSURJUHVVKHUHZHQHHGWRKDYHDVWLOOFOHDUHUXQGHUVWDQG LGHDVRIUHGXFWLRQDQGHPHUJHQFH%URDG GH¿QHGHPHUJHQWTXDOLWLHV DVTXDOLWLHVZKLFKDUHSRVVHVVHGE\JURXSVKDYLQJVXFKDQGVXFKDVWUXFW VXFKDQGVXFKFRQVWLWXHQWVEXWDUHQRWGHGXFLEOHIURPDNQRZOHGJHRIW RIWKHJURXSDQGWKHTXDOLWLHVRILWVFRQVWLWXHQWV¶,QDQRWKHUSODFH DQHPHUJHQWTXDOLW\LVURXJKO\DTXDOLW\ZKLFKEHORQJVWRDFRPSOH[DVDZ DQGQRWWRLWVSDUWV¶7KHDGYHUEURXJKO\¶KHUHLVLPSRUWDQWEHFDXVH DQRWKHU FDWHJRU\ RI TXDOLW\ VKDUHV ZLWK HPHUJHQW TXDOLWLHV WKDW V ( VRFDOOHGVWUXFWXUDOSURSHUWLHV6RPHWKLQJ¶VVKDSHIRULQVWDQFHQHH RIQRQHRILWVSDUWVEXWZHZRXOGQRWFRXQWLWDVDQHPHUJHQWSURSHUW EHFDXVHLWLVHQWLUHO\H[SOLFDEOHGHGXFLEOH¶KRZVRPHWKLQJ¶VVKDSHGH DQG LV D UHVXOW RI WKH DUUDQJHPHQW DQG VKDSH RI LWV SDUWV 7KHUH DUH W ZD\VIRUDSURSHUW\WREHDSURSHUW\RIDFRPSOH[RUZKROHRUDJJUHJDWHZLWK QHFHVVDULO\EHLQJDSURSHUW\RIDQ\RILWVFRQVWLWXHQWVRUSDUWV ; 6FDODUVXPV –)RUH[DPSOHWKHPDVVRIDQREMHFWLVQRWWKHPDVVRIDQ\ RILWVSURSHUSDUWV7KHPDVVRIWKHZKROHLVDVFDODUVXPRIWKHPDVVH WKHSDUWV 3+4%5+%4’/&4-*%/+’#+* –)RUH[DPSOHWKHVKDSHRIDQREMHFWLVQRWWKHVKDSH RIDQ\RILWVSURSHUSDUWV7KHVKDSHRIDQREMHFWLVDVWUXFWXUDOSU GHGXFLEOHIURPNQRZOHGJHRIWKHSDUWVDQGWKHLUDUUDQJHPHQW (PHUJHQWV – )RU H[DPSOH DUJXDEO\ WKH ELRORJLFDO RU SV\FKRORJLFDO SURSHUWLHVRIDQRUJDQLVPHPHUJHIURPWKHQDWXUHDQGDUUDQJHPHQ SDUWVEXWDUHQRWGHGXFLEOHIURPNQRZOHGJHRIWKHLUQDWXUHDQGDUU ; $UPVWURQJYRO2¶&RQQRU

2012_Ganeri-5 Buddhist No Self

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

2012_Ganeri-5 Buddhist No Self

Citation preview

Page 1: 2012_Ganeri-5 Buddhist No Self

Proof C

opy

1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344

1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344

Chapter 4

Buddhist No-self: An Analysis and CritiqueJonardon Ganeri

7KH�UHFRQFLOLDWLRQ�RI�QDWXUDOLVP�ZLWK�WKH�H[LVWHQFH�RI�D�¿UVW�SHUVRQ�SHUVSHFWLYH�LV�WKH�¿UVW�ZRUN�RI�D�FRQFHSW�RI�VHOI��7KH�YLHZV�RI�RXUVHOYHV�DV�FRUSRUHDO�EHLQJV�DQG�DV�VXEMHFWLYH�SUHVHQFHV�µRI�VHOI� WR�VHOI¶�VHHP�WR�SXOO� LQ�GLIIHUHQW�GLUHFWLRQV��,PPDQXHO�.DQW�UHFRJQLVHG�WKH�WHQVLRQ�DQG�VRXJKW�WR�UHVROYH�LW�WKLV�ZD\�

,�PD\� IXUWKHU� DVVXPH� WKDW� WKH� VXEVWDQFH�ZKLFK� LQ� UHODWLRQ� WR� RXU� RXWHU� VHQVH�SRVVHVVHV�H[WHQVLRQ�LV�LQ�LWVHOI�WKH�SRVVHVVRU�RI�WKRXJKWV��DQG�WKDW�WKHVH�WKRXJKWV�FDQ�E\�PHDQV�RI� LWV�RZQ�LQQHU�VHQVH�EH�FRQVFLRXVO\�UHSUHVHQWHG��,Q� WKLV�ZD\��ZKDW�LQ�RQH�UHODWLRQ�LV�HQWLWOHG�FRUSRUHDO�ZRXOG�LQ�DQRWKHU�UHODWLRQ�EH�DW�WKH�VDPH�WLPH�D�WKLQNLQJ�EHLQJ��ZKRVH�WKRXJKWV�ZH�FDQQRW�LQWXLW��WKRXJK�ZH�FDQ�LQGHHG�LQWXLW� WKHLU� VLJQV� LQ� WKH�DSSHDUDQFH��$FFRUGLQJO\�� WKH�YHU\� VDPH�EHLQJ�ZKLFK��DV�RXWHU� DSSHDUDQFH�� LV� H[WHQGHG�� LV� �LQ� LWVHOI�� LQWHUQDOO\� D� VXEMHFW�� DQG� LV�QRW�FRPSRVLWH��EXW�LV�VLPSOH�DQG�WKLQNV���&ULWLTXH��$���±���

:H�VWDQG�LQ�WZR�UHODWLRQV�WR�RXUVHOYHV��RQH�RI�ZKLFK�LV�DV�WR�D�FRUSRUHDO�EHLQJ�DQG�WKH�RWKHU�DV�WR�D�VXEMHFW�RI�H[SHULHQFH��3�)��6WUDZVRQ�VD\V�WKDW�ZH�VKRXOG�WKLQN�RI�RXUVHOYHV�DV�VSHFLPHQV�RI�µD�W\SH�RI�HQWLW\�VXFK�WKDW�ERWK�SUHGLFDWHV�DVFULELQJ�VWDWHV�RI� FRQVFLRXVQHVV� DQG� SUHGLFDWHV� DVFULELQJ� FRUSRUHDO� FKDUDFWHULVWLFV�� D� SK\VLFDO�VLWXDWLRQ� HWF�� DUH� HTXDOO\� DSSOLFDEOH� WR� DQ� LQGLYLGXDO� HQWLW\�RI� WKDW� W\SH¶� �������������DQG�KH�LGHQWL¿HV�WKH�FRQFHSW�RI�VXFK�DQ�HQWLW\�DV�WKH�FRQFHSW�RI�D�SHUVRQ��6WUDZVRQ�LV�IDPRXVO\�GLVPLVVLYH�RI�ZKDW�KH�FDOOHG�µWKH�³QR�RZQHUVKLS´�RU�³QR�VXEMHFW´�GRFWULQH�RI�WKH�VHOI¶�������������DFFRUGLQJ�WR�ZKLFK�LW�LV�GHQLHG�WKDW�VWDWHV�RI�FRQVFLRXVQHVV�DUH�DVFULEHG� WR�DQ\�VXEMHFW�� D�GRFWULQH�ZKLFK� LPSOLHV� WKDW�RXU�FRQFHSW�RI�D�SHUVRQ�LV�µZURQJ�RU�FRQIXVHG¶�������������6WUDZVRQ��KRZHYHU��QRWLFHV�WKDW�LQ�LWV�UHMHFWLRQ�RI�WKH�FRQFHSW�RI�D�FRUSRUHDO�SHUVRQ�DV�WKH�RZQHU�RI�VWDWHV�RI�FRQVFLRXVQHVV�� WKH�QR�RZQHUVKLS�GRFWULQH�WDNHV�D�IXQGDPHQWDOO\�&DUWHVLDQ�YLHZ�DERXW�WKH�QDWXUH�RI�RZQHUVKLS��DQG�LQGHHG��WKDW�LW�FDQ�EH�GHVFULEHG�DV�D�IRUP�RI�GXDOLVP��D�µGXDOLVP�RI�RQH�VXEMHFW�±�WKH�ERG\�±�DQG�RQH�QRQ�VXEMHFW¶�������������DQG�KH�VXJJHVWV�WKDW�µERWK�WKH�&DUWHVLDQ�DQG�WKH�QR�RZQHUVKLS�WKHRULVWV�DUH�SURIRXQGO\�ZURQJ�LQ�KROGLQJ��DV�HDFK�PXVW��WKDW�WKHUH�DUH�WZR�XVHV�RI�³,´��LQ�RQH�RI�ZKLFK�LW�GHQRWHV�VRPHWKLQJ�ZKLFK�LW�GRHV�QRW�GHQRWH�LQ�WKH�RWKHU¶������������

,�ZLVK� WR� UHWXUQ� WR� WKH�QR�RZQHUVKLS�YLHZ�� LQ� WKH� IRUPXODWLRQ� LW�ZDV�JLYHQ�E\�WKH� %XGGKLVW� SKLORVRSKHU� 9DVXEDQGKX�� 7KH� FHQWUDOLW\� RI� 9DVXEDQGKX¶V� WKHRU\� WR�ODWHU�+LQGX�FULWLTXH�RI�%XGGKLVW�µQR�VHOI¶�WKHRU\�OHQGV�LPSRUWDQFH�WR�D�FODUL¿FDWLRQ�RI�KLV�WKHRUHWLFDO�SRVLWLRQ��0\�JRDO�KHUH�LV�WR�UHWULHYH�D�FRQFHSWLRQ�RI�VHOI�LQ�SOD\�

9781409443544_Prasad.indb 63 4/11/2012 3:23:20 PM

Page 2: 2012_Ganeri-5 Buddhist No Self

1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344

1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344

Proof C

opy

Hindu and Buddhist Ideas in Dialogue��

ZLWKLQ�9DVXEDQGKX¶V�%XGGKLVW� WKHRU\��DQG� WR� LGHQWLI\� WKH�H[DFW�JURXQGV�RQ�ZKLFK�LW�LV�UHMHFWHG��0\�DUJXPHQW�ZLOO�EH�WKDW�WKH�%XGGKLVW�UHMHFWLRQ�SUHVXSSRVHV�ZKDW�LV�LQ�IDFW�D�PRVW�LQVLJKWIXO�FRQFHSWLRQ�RI�VHOI��)RU�9DVXEDQGKX¶V�DLP�LV�QRW�PHUHO\�WR�UHMHFW�VRPH�JLYHQ�WKHRU\�RI�VHOI�LQ�WKH�,QGLDQ�GHEDWH��EXW�WR�GLDJQRVH�ZKDW�KH�WDNHV�WR�EH�D�GHHS�PLVWDNH�LQ�RXU�SULPLWLYH�FRQFHSWXDO�VFKHPH��DQG�IRU�WKDW�LW�LV�LQFXPEHQW�XSRQ�KLP�WR�SURYLGH�DQ�DFFXUDWH�GHVFULSWLYH�PHWDSK\VLFV�RI�VHOI��,�ZLOO�VHSDUDWH�WKH�FRQFHSWLRQ�GHVFULEHG�IURP�WKH�HUURU�WKHRU\��DQG�DUJXH�WKDW�EUDFNHWLQJ�WKH�HUURU�WKHRU\�OHDYHV�D�YLDEOH�FRQFHSWLRQ�RI�VHOI��RQH�ZKLFK�LV�XQFOXWWHUHG�E\�H[WUDQHRXV�WKHRUHWLFDO�FRPPLWPHQW��,�DOVR�EHOLHYH��EXW�ZLOO�QRW�KDYH�WLPH�WR�DUJXH�WKH�SRLQW�KHUH��WKDW�WKH�FRQFHSWLRQ�RI�VHOI�LPSOLFLW�LQ�9DVXEDQGKX�LQÀXHQFHG�ODWHU�+LQGX�WKHRU\�DERXW�VHOI�

The Concept of a Person

7KH�XVH�RI�WKH�WHUP�µSHUVRQ¶���pudgala��LV�SX]]OLQJ�LQ�%XGGKLVP��:H�FDQ�GLVWLQJXLVK�WZR� EDVLF� %XGGKLVW� SRVLWLRQV�� D� UHGXFWLRQLVW� SRVLWLRQ� DQG� DQ� HPHUJHQWLVW� RQH�� $�SURYLVLRQDO�ZRUNLQJ�GH¿QLWLRQ�RI�HPHUJHQFH�LV�WKLV��

$�SURSHUW\�3�RI�D�PHUHRORJLFDOO\�FRPSOH[�REMHFW�2�LV�HPHUJHQW�LI

��� >VXSHUYHQLHQFH@�3�VXSHUYHQHV�RQ�WKH�SURSHUWLHV�RI�WKH�SDUWV�RI�2���� >QRQ�VWUXFWXUDOLW\@�3� LV�QRW�KDG�E\�DQ\�RI�2¶V�SDUWV� DQG� LV�QRW� D� VWUXFWXUDO�

SURSHUW\�RI�2��DQG��� >DXWRQRP\@�3�KDV�D�GLUHFW�GHWHUPLQDWLYH�LQÀXHQFH�RQ�WKH�SDWWHUQ�RI�EHKDYLRXU�

RI�2¶V�SDUWV�

7KH� SXUSRVH� RI� WKH� WKLUG� FODXVH� LV� WR� JLYH� VHQVH� WR� WKH� LGHD� WKDW� HPHUJHQFH�SURGXFHV� SURSHUWLHV� WKDW� DUH� FDXVDOO\� DXWRQRPRXV�� EXW� LW� LV� RSHQ�ZKHWKHU� VRPH�RWKHU�IRUPXODWLRQ�RI�WKH�DXWRQRP\�UHTXLUHPHQW�LV�EHWWHU��7KH�VR�FDOOHG�%XGGKLVW�µ3HUVRQDOLVWV¶��3XGJDODYƗGLQV�RU�9ƗWVƯSXWUƯ\DV��DUH�HPHUJHQWLVWV�DERXW�SHUVRQV��WKH\�FODLP�WKDW�WKH�SHUVRQ�LV�DQ�LQH[SOLFDEOH�SURGXFW�RI�GLDFKURQLF�DJJUHJDWLRQ�RI�VWDWHV�RI�FRQVFLRXV�H[SHULHQFH��/LNH�WKH�,QGLDQ�PDWHULDOLVWV��WKH\�SRLQW�WR�H[DPSOHV�IURP�WKH�QDWXUDO�ZRUOG�WR�LOOXVWUDWH�WKHLU�WKHRU\�RI�PLQG��)RU�WKHP��WKH�FKRLFH�H[DPSOH�LV�WKH�UHODWLRQ�EHWZHHQ�¿UH�DQG�WKH�IXHO�LQ�ZKLFK�LW�EXUQV��WKH�¿UH�LV�GHSHQGHQW�RQ�WKH�IXHO��EXW�QRW�LQ�WKH�VDPH�ZD\�WKDW�WKH�VKDSH�RI�D�KHDS�RI�VDQG�LV�GHSHQGHQW�RQ�WKH�JUDLQV��7KHLU�YLHZ�LV�WKDW��OLNH�¿UH��SHUVRQV�DUH�GHSHQGHQW�XSRQ�EXW�\HW�LUUHGXFLEOH�WR�WKH�FRQVWLWXHQW�LQJUHGLHQWV��7KH\�XVH�WKH�WHUP�µSHUVRQ¶�WR�UHIHU�WKH�PDFURVWDWH�RI�D�G\QDPLFDO�V\VWHP��VXEMHFW�WR�D�PLFURG\QDPLF���SUDWƯW\D�VDPXWSƗGD��µFRPELQHG�RULJLQDWLRQ�LQ�GHSHQGHQFH¶��E\�ZKLFK�LWV�WRWDO�FROOHFWLYH�VWDWH�DW�RQH�WLPH�GHWHUPLQHV�LWV�VWDWH�DW�WKH�QH[W��7KH�YLHZ�LV�WKDW�WKH�PLFUR�HOHPHQWV�DUH�LQ�D�SURFHVV�RI�PXWDWLRQ��DQG� WKDW� WKH�HPHUJHQW�PDFURVWDWHV�\LHOGHG�E\� WKLV�SURFHVV�RI�PXWDWLRQ�DUH� WR�EH�LGHQWL¿HG�DV�FRUUHVSRQGLQJ�ZLWK�PLQG��MXVW�DV�D�ÀDPH�LV�VRPHWKLQJ�HPHUJHQW�IURP�D�

�� %HGDX��������������DGDSWHG�IURP�2¶&RQQRU��������

9781409443544_Prasad.indb 64 4/11/2012 3:23:20 PM

Page 3: 2012_Ganeri-5 Buddhist No Self

Proof C

opy

1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344

1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344

%XGGKLVW�1R�VHOI��$Q�$QDO\VLV�DQG�&ULWLTXH ��

SURFHVV�RI�LQ�ZKLFK�WKH�FRQVWLWXHQW�PDWHULDO�LV�FRQWLQXRXVO\�LQ�ÀX[��6XFK�D�WKHRULVW�WKLQNV�WKDW�WKHUH�LV�VRPHWKLQJ�RWKHU�WKDQ�WKH�VWUHDP��HPHUJHQW�XSRQ�WKH�XQGHUO\LQJ�G\QDPLFDO� V\VWHP�� WKHUH� DUH�PDFURVWDWHV�ZKLFK� WDNH� WKH� VWUHDP� DV� WKHLU� RZQHU��7KLV�LV�ZKDW�WKLV�JURXS�RI�%XGGKLVWV�JLYH�WKH�QDPH�µSHUVRQ¶��7KHLU�WKHRU\�LV�EHVW�XQGHUVWRRG�DV�WKH�WKHVLV�WKDW�D�SHUVRQ�LV�DQ�RZQHUVKLS�UHODWLRQ�HPHUJHQW�IURP�WKH�G\QDPLFDO�V\VWHP�WKDW�LV�WKH�LQWHUODFHG�VWUHDP�RI�WKH�¿YH�VRUWV�RI�PHQWDO�SDUWLFXODU��RU�WKH�VWUHDP�LWVHOI�LQ�LWV�QHZ�FDSDFLW\�WR�IXQFWLRQ�DV�D�SODFH�RI�RZQHUVKLS�

9DVXEDQGKX� VWURQJO\� GLVDJUHHV�� 7KH� H[DFW� QDWXUH� RI� KLV� GLVDJUHHPHQW��KRZHYHU��QHHGV� WR�EH� VWDWHG�ZLWK�FDUH��+LV�YLHZ� LV� WKDW�QRWKLQJ�FRUUHVSRQGV� WR�WKH�3XGJDODYƗGD�XVH�RI�WKH�WHUP�µSHUVRQ¶��7KDW�LV�EHFDXVH�KH�KDV�D�QR�RZQHUVKLS�YLHZ��DQG�VXFK�YLHZV�GHQ\�WKDW�WKHUH�DUH�HPHUJHQW�PDFURVWDWHV�RI�WKH�VRUW�SRVLWHG��(TXDOO\�FOHDUO\��KRZHYHU��KH�GRHV�QRW�GHQ\�WKDW�VWUHDPV��WKH�XQGHUO\LQJ�G\QDPLFDO�V\VWHPV�WKHPVHOYHV��H[LVW��DQG�LW�PLJKW�VHHP�WKDW�WKHUH�LV�QRWKLQJ�WR�SUHYHQW�RQH�XVLQJ�WKH�WHUP�µSHUVRQ¶�WR�GHQRWH�WKDW��+H�KDV�EHHQ�FDOOHG�D�µ%XGGKLVW�5HGXFWLRQLVW¶��VHHPLQJ�WR�LPSO\�WKDW�KH�UHGXFHV�SHUVRQV�WR�VWUHDPV��%XW�DJDLQ��KH�FOHDUO\�GRHV�QRW�KROG�D�QRUPDO�UHGXFWLRQLVW�YLHZ��WKH�YLHZ�RI�3DU¿W������DQG�������IRU�H[DPSOH���7KLV�LV�DJDLQ�EHFDXVH�KH�KDV�D�QR�RZQHUVKLS�YLHZ��DQG�VR��LQ�SDUWLFXODU��GHQLHV�WKDW�VWUHDPV�DUH�RZQHUV�RI�VWDWHV�RI�FRQVFLRXVQHVV�

7R�PDNH�SURJUHVV�KHUH��ZH�QHHG� WR�KDYH�D�VWLOO�FOHDUHU�XQGHUVWDQGLQJ�RI� WKH�LGHDV�RI�UHGXFWLRQ�DQG�HPHUJHQFH��%URDG�������������GH¿QHG�HPHUJHQW�TXDOLWLHV�DV�µTXDOLWLHV�ZKLFK�DUH�SRVVHVVHG�E\�JURXSV�KDYLQJ�VXFK�DQG�VXFK�D�VWUXFWXUH�DQG�VXFK�DQG�VXFK�FRQVWLWXHQWV�EXW�DUH�QRW�GHGXFLEOH�IURP�D�NQRZOHGJH�RI�WKH�VWUXFWXUH�RI� WKH�JURXS�DQG�WKH�TXDOLWLHV�RI� LWV�FRQVWLWXHQWV¶��,Q�DQRWKHU�SODFH��KH�VDLG�WKDW�µDQ�HPHUJHQW�TXDOLW\�LV�URXJKO\�D�TXDOLW\�ZKLFK�EHORQJV�WR�D�FRPSOH[�DV�D�ZKROH�DQG�QRW�WR�LWV�SDUWV¶�������������7KH�DGYHUE�µURXJKO\¶�KHUH�LV�LPSRUWDQW��EHFDXVH�DQRWKHU� FDWHJRU\� RI� TXDOLW\� VKDUHV� ZLWK� HPHUJHQW� TXDOLWLHV� WKDW� VDPH� IHDWXUH�� VR�FDOOHG�VWUXFWXUDO�SURSHUWLHV��6RPHWKLQJ¶V�VKDSH��IRU�LQVWDQFH��QHHG�EH�WKH�VKDSH�RI�QRQH�RI�LWV�SDUWV��EXW�ZH�ZRXOG�QRW�FRXQW�LW�DV�DQ�HPHUJHQW�SURSHUW\��7KLV�LV�EHFDXVH�LW�LV�HQWLUHO\�H[SOLFDEOH��µGHGXFLEOH¶��KRZ�VRPHWKLQJ¶V�VKDSH�GHSHQGV�RQ�DQG� LV� D� UHVXOW� RI� WKH� DUUDQJHPHQW� DQG� VKDSH� RI� LWV� SDUWV��7KHUH� DUH� WKXV� WKUHH�ZD\V�IRU�D�SURSHUW\�WR�EH�D�SURSHUW\�RI�D�FRPSOH[��RU�ZKROH�RU�DJJUHJDWH��ZLWKRXW�QHFHVVDULO\�EHLQJ�D�SURSHUW\�RI�DQ\�RI�LWV�FRQVWLWXHQWV�RU�SDUWV�2

��� 6FDODU�VXPV�±�)RU�H[DPSOH��WKH�PDVV�RI�DQ�REMHFW�LV�QRW�WKH�PDVV�RI�DQ\�RI�LWV�SURSHU�SDUWV��7KH�PDVV�RI�WKH�ZKROH�LV�D�VFDODU�VXP�RI�WKH�PDVVHV�RI�WKH�SDUWV�

��� Structural resultants�±�)RU�H[DPSOH��WKH�VKDSH�RI�DQ�REMHFW�LV�QRW�WKH�VKDSH�RI�DQ\�RI�LWV�SURSHU�SDUWV��7KH�VKDSH�RI�DQ�REMHFW�LV�D�VWUXFWXUDO�SURSHUW\��GHGXFLEOH�IURP�NQRZOHGJH�RI�WKH�SDUWV�DQG�WKHLU�DUUDQJHPHQW�

��� (PHUJHQWV� ±� )RU� H[DPSOH�� DUJXDEO\�� WKH� ELRORJLFDO� RU� SV\FKRORJLFDO�SURSHUWLHV�RI�DQ�RUJDQLVP�HPHUJH�IURP�WKH�QDWXUH�DQG�DUUDQJHPHQW�RI�LWV�SDUWV��EXW�DUH�QRW�GHGXFLEOH�IURP�NQRZOHGJH�RI�WKHLU�QDWXUH�DQG�DUUDQJHPHQW�

2� $UPVWURQJ��������YRO����������2¶&RQQRU��������

9781409443544_Prasad.indb 65 4/11/2012 3:23:20 PM

Page 4: 2012_Ganeri-5 Buddhist No Self

1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344

1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344

Proof C

opy

Hindu and Buddhist Ideas in Dialogue��

-DHJZRQ�.LP�KDV�DUJXHG� WKDW� WKH� ULJKW�ZD\� WR�XQGHUVWDQG� WKH�QRQ�GHGXFLELOLW\�FRQGLWLRQ� FKDUDFWHULVWLF� RI� HPHUJHQW� SURSHUWLHV� LV� DV� D� FRQGLWLRQ� WKDW� UXOHV� RXW�IXQFWLRQDO� UHGXFWLRQ� �.LP� ������� :KDW� PDUNV� RXW� VFDODU� VXPV� DQG� VWUXFWXUDO�SURSHUWLHV�LV�WKDW�WKH\�DUH�IXQFWLRQDOO\�UHGXFLEOH�WR�WKH�FRQVWLWXHQWV��7KH�PDVV�RI�D�KHDS�RI�VDQG�LV�D�IXQFWLRQ�RI�WKH�PDVVHV�RI�WKH�JUDLQV��LQGHHG��WKH�IXQFWLRQ�LV�VLPSO\�DGGLWLRQ��7KH�FRQLFDO�VKDSH�RI�WKH�KHDS�RI�VDQG�LV�DOVR�D�IXQFWLRQ�RI�WKH�VKDSHV�DQG�SRVLWLRQV�RI� WKH�JUDLQV�� LQ�WKLV�FDVH�� WKH�IXQFWLRQ�LV�D�PRUH�FRPSOH[�RQH��:KDW� GLVWLQJXLVKHV� HPHUJHQWV�� WKHQ�� LI� WKHUH� DUH� DQ\�� LV� WKDW� WKH\� DUH� QRW�IXQFWLRQDOO\� UHGXFLEOH� WR� WKHLU� FRQVWLWXHQWV��.LP� LV� D� UHGXFWLYH� SK\VLFDOLVW�ZKR�WDNHV�WKH�UHGXFWLRQ�RI�WKH�PHQWDO�WR�WKH�SK\VLFDO�WR�FRQVLVW�LQ�WKH�IXQFWLRQDOLVDWLRQ�RI�PHQWDO�SURSHUWLHV�DQG�WKH�LGHQWL¿FDWLRQ�RI�WKHLU�SK\VLFDO�UHDOLVHUV�

7KHUH�LV�D�GLIIHUHQW�DQG�ROGHU�FRQFHSW�RI�UHGXFWLRQ��VWLOO�LQ�SOD\�DQG�DOVR�UHOHYDQW�WR�RXU�XQGHUVWDQGLQJ�RI�WKH�%XGGKLVW�WKHRU\�DERXW�SHUVRQV��7KLV�LV�WKH�PRGHO�GHYHORSHG�E\� (UQHVW�1DJHO��ZKLFK� VHHV� UHGXFWLRQ� DV� FRQVLVWLQJ� LQ� WKH� QRPLF� GHULYDWLRQ� RI�WKH� ODZV�RI� WKH� WKHRU\� WR�EH� UHGXFHG�IURP�WKH� ODZV�RI� WKH� UHGXFLQJ� WKHRU\��6XFK�GHULYDWLRQV�QHHG�DX[LOLDU\�HPSLULFDO�SUHPLVHV�FDOOHG�µEULGJH�ODZV¶��ZKLFK�FRUUHODWH�WKH�SUHGLFDWHV�LQ�WKH�UHGXFHG�WKHRU\�ZLWK�WKRVH�RI�WKH�UHGXFLQJ�WKHRU\�

%ULGJH�/DZ�5HTXLUHPHQW��,I�WKHRU\�7�LV�WR�EH�UHGXFHG�WR�7 ��IRU�HDFK�SULPLWLYH�SUHGLFDWH�0�RI�7�WKHUH�PXVW�EH�D�EULGJH�ODZ�RI�WKH�IRUP�0���!�1��SURYLGLQJ�0�ZLWK�D�FRH[WHQVLYH�SUHGLFDWH�1�RI�7 ��

:KHQ� WKH� WKHRU\� WR� EH� UHGXFHG� LV� D� WKHRU\� RI�PLQG�� WKH� EULGJH� ODZ�PLJKW�� IRU�H[DPSOH� FRUUHODWH� WKH�SUHGLFDWH� µ«� LV� D�SDLQ¶�ZLWK� D�SUHGLFDWH� IURP� WKH� WKHRU\�RI�QHXURVFLHQFH��VXFK�DV�µ«�LV�D�&�¿EUH�¿ULQJ¶��,W�PLJKW�WKHQ�VHHP�WKDW�XQGHU�D�1DJHO� UHGXFWLRQ�� DQ\� VWDWHPHQW� LQ� WKH� UHGXFHG� WKHRU\� FDQ�EH� WUDQVODWHG� LQWR� DQ�HTXLYDOHQW�VWDWHPHQW�LQ�WKH�UHGXFLQJ�WKHRU\��2QH�PLJKW�WKLQN��IRU�H[DPSOH��WKDW�LI�WKH�WKHRU\�RI�PDFURVFRSLF�PLGGOH�VL]HG�REMHFWV�SHUPLWV�RI�D�1DJHO�UHGXFWLRQ�WR�D�WKHRU\�RI�DWRPV�DQG�WKHLU�LQWHUDFWLRQV��WKHQ�RXU�WDON�DERXW�WDEOHV�DQG�FKDLUV�ZLOO�EH�WUDQVODWDEOH�LQWR�WDON�DERXW�WKHLU�FRQVWLWXHQW�DWRPLF�VZDUPV��$QG�WKHQ�RQH�PLJKW�EH�OHG�WR�WKH�FRQFOXVLRQ�WKDW�WDEOHV�DQG�FKDLUV�UHDOO\�DUH�QRWKLQJ�RYHU�DQG�DERYH�VZDUPV�RI�DWRPV��RU�HYHQ�WKDW�VZDUPV�DUH�DOO� WKHUH�UHDOO\�DUH��DQG�WKDW�PLGGOH�VL]HG�REMHFWV�H[LVW�RQO\�LQ�QDPH�DQG�QRW�LQ�UHDOLW\��,W�LV�LQ�WKLV�FRQWH[W�WKDW�'DYLG�/HZLV�GUDZV�D�GLVWLQFWLRQ�EHWZHHQ�WKH�FDXWLRXV�DQG�WKH� LQFDXWLRXV�UHGXFWLRQLVW��WKH�FDXWLRXV�UHGXFWLRQLVW�GRHV�QRW�FRQIXVH�WKH�µQRWKLQJ�EXW¶�FODXVH�LQ�D�UHGXFWLRQLVW�WKHVLV�ZLWK�D�GHQLDO�RI�H[LVWHQFH�4

�� .LP������������4� µ$�VXSHUYHQLHQFH�WKHVLV�LV��LQ�D�EURDG�VHQVH��UHGXFWLRQLVW��%XW�LW�LV�D�VWULSSHG�GRZQ�

IRUP�RI�UHGXFWLRQLVP��XQHQFXPEHUHG�E\�GXELRXV�GHQLDOV�RI�H[LVWHQFH��FODLPV�RI�RQWRORJLFDO�SULRULW\��RU�FODLPV�RI�WUDQVODWDELOLW\��2QH�PLJKW�ZLVK�WR�VD\�WKDW�LQ�VRPH�VHQVH�WKH�EHDXW\�RI�VWDWXHV�LV�QRWKLQJ�RYHU�DQG�DERYH�WKH�VKDSH�DQG�VL]H�DQG�FRORXU�WKDW�EHKROGHUV�DSSUHFLDWH��EXW�ZLWKRXW�GHQ\LQJ�WKDW�WKHUH�LV�VXFK�D�WKLQJ�DV�EHDXW\��ZLWKRXW�FODLPLQJ�WKDW�EHDXW\�H[LVWV�RQO\�LQ�D�OHVV�WKDQ�IXQGDPHQWDO�ZD\��DQG�ZLWKRXW�XQGHUWDNLQJ�WR�SDUDSKUDVH�DVFULSWLRQV�RI�

9781409443544_Prasad.indb 66 4/11/2012 3:23:20 PM

Page 5: 2012_Ganeri-5 Buddhist No Self

Proof C

opy

1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344

1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344

%XGGKLVW�1R�VHOI��$Q�$QDO\VLV�DQG�&ULWLTXH ��

7KHVH�GLVWLQFWLRQV�DUH�SUHFLVHO\�ZKDW�ZH�QHHG�WR�PDNH�VHQVH�RI�9DVXEDQGKX¶V�YLHZ�DERXW�SHUVRQV��9DVXEDQGKX�LQVLVWV�WKDW�µSHUVRQ¶�LV�MXVW�D�QDPH�ZH�XVH�IRU�D�UHVXOWDQW�FRPELQDWLRQ�RI�PHQWDO�SDUWLFXODUV��+H�VWDWHV�WKDW�ZKDWHYHU�H[LVWV�EXW�LV�QRW�IXQGDPHQWDO�SK\VLFDO�VWXII�LV�VXFK�DV�WR�GLVDSSHDU�ZKHQ�EURNHQ�XS�LQ�DFWXDOLW\�RU�LQ�WKRXJKW�

7KDW�RI�ZKLFK�RQH�GRHV�QRW�KDYH�D�FRJQLWLRQ�ZKHQ�LW�KDV�EHHQ�EURNHQ�LV�UHDO�LQ�D�FRQFHDOLQJ�ZD\��VDPY܀WL�VDW���DQ�H[DPSOH�LV�D�SRW��$QG�WKDW�RI�ZKLFK�RQH�GRHV�QRW�KDYH�D�FRJQLWLRQ�ZKHQ�RWKHU�>HOHPHQWDO�TXDOLWLHV��GKDUPD�@�KDYH�EHHQ�H[FOXGHG�IURP�LW�E\�WKH�PLQG�LV�DOVR�FRQYHQWLRQDOO\�UHDO��7KDW�ZKLFK�LV�RWKHUZLVH�LV�XOWLPDWHO\�UHDO���SDUDPƗUWKD�VDW���

7KH�H[DPSOHV�9DVXEDQGKX�JLYHV�DUH�D�SRW�DQG��LQ�WKH�DXWRFRPPHQWDU\��D�ERG\�RI�ZDWHU��$�SRW��FOHDUO\��LV�VRPHWKLQJ�ZKLFK�QRQH�RI�LWV�SURSHU�SDUWV�DUH��LW�GLVDSSHDUV�LI�EURNHQ�LQWR�LWV�SDUWV��$�ERG\�RI�ZDWHU�VHHPV��RQ�WKH�IDFH�RI�LW��WR�EH�D�VWUDQJHU�H[DPSOH�� VLQFH�ZDWHU� LV�D� IXQGDPHQWDO� W\SH�RI�HOHPHQWDO�PDWHULDO�� ,�SURSRVH� WKDW�ZKDW�LV�JRLQJ�RQ�LV�WKDW�KH�LV�PHQWLRQLQJ�VRPHWKLQJ�ZKLFK�LV�D�VFDODU�VXP��D�ERG\�RI�ZDWHU��DQG�VRPHWKLQJ�ZKLFK�LV�D�VWUXFWXUDO�UHVXOWDQW��D�SRW���DQG�WKDW�WKH�LPSOLFDWLRQ�LV�WKDW�WKLV�H[KDXVWV�WKH�ZD\V�LQ�ZKLFK�FRPELQLQJ�HOHPHQWV�FDQ�FUHDWH�VRPHWKLQJ�QHZ��9DVXEDQGKX¶V�SRLQW� LV� WKHQ� WKDW� WKH� µQHZ¶�SURSHUWLHV�RI� WKH�SRW� DUH�QRW� DW� D�KLJKHU�PHWDSK\VLFDO�OHYHO�WKDQ�WKRVH�RI�LWV�FRQVWLWXHQWV��$OWKRXJK�VXFK�REMHFWV�KDYH�SURSHUWLHV�ZKLFK�WKHLU�FRQVWLWXHQWV�GR�QRW�KDYH��WKHVH�DUH�PHUHO\�UHVXOWDQW�SURSHUWLHV�

:KHQ�9DVXEDQGKX�WXUQV�WR�D�GLVFXVVLRQ�RI�WKH�FRQFHSW�RI�D�SHUVRQ��ZKLFK�KH�GRHV�RQO\�LQ�DQ�DSSHQGL[�WR�WKH�PDLQ�ZRUN�� he says that the case is exactly the VDPH�DV�ZLWK�WKH�SRW�DQG�WKH�ZDWHU�LQ�KLV�HDUOLHU�H[DPSOH��DQG�KH�IXUWKHU�DGGV�WKDW�D�SHUVRQ� LV�DOVR� OLNH�D�KHDS�RU�D� ULYHU���9DVXEDQGKX¶V� WKRXJKW�VHHPV� WR�EH� WKLV��,I� WKH� WHUP� µSHUVRQ¶� UHIHUV� WR� DQ\WKLQJ�� LW�PXVW� UHIHU� WR� VRPHWKLQJ�ZKLFK�KDV� D�SURSHUW\�WKDW�QRQH�RI�LWV�FRQVWLWXHQWV�KDYH��7KH�OHVVRQ�IURP�WKH�HDUOLHU�GLVFXVVLRQ�LV�WKDW�DQ\�VXFK�SURSHUW\�LV�HLWKHU�D�VFDODU�VXP�RU�D�VWUXFWXUDO�UHVXOWDQW��7KHUH�LV�VLPSO\� QR� URRP� IRU� WKH� 3XGJDODYƗGD� WKHRU\�� QDPHO\� WKDW� EHLQJ� D� SHUVRQ� LV� DQ�HPHUJHQW�SURSHUW\��7R�SXW�LW�DQRWKHU�ZD\��9DVXEDQGKX¶V�DUJXPHQW�LV�WKDW�LI it is a FRQFHSWXDO�WUXWK�DERXW�SHUVRQV�WKDW�WKH\�DUH�HPHUJHQW��then�WKHUH�DUH�QR�SHUVRQV��:KDW�9DVXEDQGKX�LV�FODLPLQJ�LV� WKHUH�DUH�QR�SHUVRQV�DV�SHUVRQV�DUH�FRQFHLYHG�RI�E\�WKH�3XGJDODYƗGLQ��+LV�DOWHUQDWLYH�LGHD�LV�WKDW�WKH�RQO\�OHJLWLPDWH�XVH�RI�WKH�WHUP�µSHUVRQ¶�LV�WR�UHIHU�WR�D�VWUXFWXUDO�SURSHUW\�RI�WKH�VWUHDP��7KRVH�HQWLWLHV�DUH�UHGXFLEOH�WKHLU�FRQVWLWXHQW�H[SHULHQWLDO�WURSHV��MXVW�DV�D�KHDS�RU�D�ÀRZ�LV�UHGXFLEOH�WR�LWV�FRQVWLWXHQWV�

EHDXW\�LQ�WHUPV�RI�VKDSH�HWF��$�VXSHUYHQLHQFH�WKHVLV�VHHPV�WR�FDSWXUH�ZKDW� WKH�FDXWLRXV�UHGXFWLRQLVW�ZLVKHV�WR�VD\¶��/HZLV������������

�� µ\DWUD� EKLQQHQD� WDGEXGGKLU� DQ\ƗSRKH� GKL\Ɨ� FD� WDW� _� JKD৬ƗUWKDYDW� VDূYWLVDW�SDUDPƗUWKDVDG�DQ\DWKƗ�__¶�$.�����__��9DVXEDQGKX�������������

�� 9DVXEDQGKX�������������±������WU��'XHUOLQJHU���������.DSVWHLQ�����������±������ µSUDMxDSWLVDW�SXGJDOR�UƗĞLGKƗUƗGLYDW¶��9DVXEDQGKX���������������

9781409443544_Prasad.indb 67 4/11/2012 3:23:20 PM

Page 6: 2012_Ganeri-5 Buddhist No Self

1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344

1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344

Proof C

opy

Hindu and Buddhist Ideas in Dialogue��

$�GLIIHUHQW�UHDGLQJ�RI�9DVXEDQGKX�KDV� LW� WKDW�ZKDW�KH�DUJXHV� LV� WKDW�DOO� WDON�RI�SHUVRQV�LV�PHUH�WDON��$FFRUGLQJ�WR�WKH�DOWHUQDWLYH�YLHZ��EHLQJ�D�SHUVRQ�LV�QRW�D�SURSHUW\�DW�DOO��OHW�DORQH�D�UHVXOWDQW�RQH��,W�LV�D�¿FWLRQ��D�PHUH�FRQYHQWLRQ��2Q�WKLV�UHDGLQJ��KH�LV�DQ�LQFDXWLRXV�UHGXFWLRQLVW��VRPHRQH�ZKR�VD\V�WKDW�WKH�UHGXFHG�HQWLWLHV�GR�QRW�UHDOO\�H[LVW�DW�DOO��,�DP�DUJXLQJ�WKDW�D�OHVV�XQFRPSURPLVLQJ�UHDGLQJ�RI�9DVXEDQGKX�LV�DYDLODEOH��7KH�SRLQW�DW�LVVXH�LV�ZKHWKHU�RQH�DWWULEXWHV�WR�KLP�DQ�HOLPLQDWLRQ�WKHVLV��DFFRUGLQJ�WR�ZKLFK�WKH�H[LVWHQFH�RI�D�UHGXFWLRQ�HQWDLOV�WKDW�WKH�WHUPV�RI� WKH� UHGXFHG� WKHRU\� DUH�QRW�JHQXLQHO\� UHIHUHQWLDO�� RU� DQ� LGHQWLW\� WKHVLV��ZKLFK�VD\V�WKDW�ZKDW�EHVW�H[SODLQV�WKH�H[LVWHQFH�RI�WKH�UHGXFWLRQ�LV�WKDW�UHGXFHG�HQWLWLHV�DUH�LGHQWLFDO�WR�WKHLU�UHGXFLQJ�FRXQWHUSDUWV��VR�WKDW�SHUVRQV�DUH�LGHQWLFDO�WR� GLDFKURQLF� FOXVWHULQJV� RI� PHQWDO� SDUWLFXODUV�� 7KH� DYDLODELOLW\� RI� FDXWLRXV�UHGXFWLRQLVP�� D� PLGGOH� ZD\� EHWZHHQ� HOLPLQDWLYLVP� DQG� HPHUJHQWLVP� DERXW�SHUVRQV��LV�PRVW�FOHDUO\�QRWLFHG�E\�9DVXEDQGKX¶V�FRQWHPSRUDU\��6DূJKDEKDGUD��7KH�EHVW�WKLQJ�WR�VD\�DERXW�9DVXEDQGKX�KLPVHOI�LV�SUREDEO\�WKDW�KH�GLG�QRW�IXOO\�GLVWLQJXLVK�EHWZHHQ�WKHVH� WZR�DOWHUQDWLYHV� WR�3HUVRQDOLVP��:KHQ�KH�GHQLHV� WKDW�WKHUH�DUH�SHUVRQV�ZKDW�KH�LV�GHQ\LQJ�LV�WKDW�WKHUH�LV�DQ\WKLQJ�FRUUHVSRQGLQJ�WR�WKH�3XGJDODYƗGD�FRQFHSWLRQ�RI�DQ�HPHUJHQW�HQWLW\��QRW�eo ipso�DVVHUWLQJ�WKDW�SHUVRQV�DUH�PHUH�¿FWLRQV��7R�VD\�WKDW�D�SHUVRQ�LV�QRWKLQJ�RWKHU�WKDQ�D�VWUHDP�RI�PHQWDO�SDUWLFXODUV�LV�QRW�RI�LWVHOI�WR�VD\�WKDW�D�SHUVRQ�LV�QRWKLQJ�DW�DOO��9DVXEDQGKX�LV�DQ�HOLPLQDWLYLVW�DERXW�WKH�LOOHJLWLPDWH�XVH�RI�µSHUVRQ¶�DQG�D�1DJHO�UHGXFWLRQLVW�DERXW�LWV�OHJLWLPDWH�XVH��ZLWK�D�GHJUHH�RI�FDXWLRQ�WKDW�LV�XQFOHDU��6DূJKDEKDGUD�LV�PRUH�FOHDUO\�D�FDXWLRXV�1DJHO�UHGXFWLRQLVW�DERXW�WKH�OHJLWLPDWH�XVH�

:KDW� LV� FOHDU� LV� WKDW� WKH� %XGGKLVW� µSXGJDOD¶� LV� QRW� D� 6WUDZVRQLDQ� SHUVRQ��VRPHWKLQJ�WR�ZKLFK�ERWK�FRUSRUHDO�DQG�SV\FKRORJLFDO�SUHGLFDWHV�DUH�DVFULEHG��7KH�6WUDZVRQLDQ�FRQFHSW�LV�UDWKHU�WKDW�RI�WKH�&ƗUYƗND�SXUX܈D��µ$�KXPDQ�EHLQJ���SXUX܈D��LV�D�ERG\�TXDOL¿HG�E\�FRQVFLRXVQHVV�¶� The Buddhist concept of a pudgala is the FRQFHSW�RI�DQ�RZQHU�RI�H[SHULHQFH��LWVHOI�HPHUJHQW�IURP�WKH�VWUHDP�RI�FRQVFLRXV�H[SHULHQFH�

Person to Self: Naturalism

Can Buddhist pudgala�EH�VHHQ�DV�D�QDWXUDOLVW�SKLORVRSK\�RI�VHOI"�4XLQH�GHVFULEHV�PHWKRGRORJLFDO�QDWXUDOLVP�DV�D�FRQVHTXHQFH�RI�WKH�µDEDQGRQPHQW�RI�WKH�JRDO�RI�¿UVW�SKLORVRSK\¶��ZKLFK�KDV�FRPH�DERXW�EHFDXVH�RI�µWKH�UHFRJQLWLRQ�WKDW�LW�LV�ZLWKLQ�VFLHQFH�LWVHOI��DQG�QRW�LQ�VRPH�SULRU�SKLORVRSK\��WKDW�UHDOLW\�LV�WR�EH�LGHQWL¿HG�DQG�GHVFULEHG¶��4XLQH������������7KH�VXJJHVWLRQ�JRHV�EDFN�WR�+XPH��,Q�WKH�LQWURGXFWLRQ�to the Treatise��+XPH�SURSRVHV�WKDW�WKH�ROG�PHWKRGV�RI�µPHWDSK\VLFDO�UHDVRQLQJV¶�EH�UHSODFHG�ZLWK�D�QHZ�µH[SHULPHQWDO�SKLORVRSK\¶��7KLV�QHZ�SKLORVRSK\�DSSOLHV�the methods of the sciences to a study of human nature:

�� &ƗUYƗND�VnjWUD������µFDLWDQ\D�YLĞLৢ৬Dত�NƗ\Dত�SXUXৢDত�_¶��%KDWWDFKDU\D�����������±���

9781409443544_Prasad.indb 68 4/11/2012 3:23:20 PM

Page 7: 2012_Ganeri-5 Buddhist No Self

Proof C

opy

1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344

1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344

%XGGKLVW�1R�VHOI��$Q�$QDO\VLV�DQG�&ULWLTXH ��

)RU�WR�PH�LW�VHHPV�HYLGHQW��WKDW�WKH�HVVHQFH�RI�WKH�PLQG�EHLQJ�HTXDOO\�XQNQRZQ�WR�XV�ZLWK�WKDW�RI�H[WHUQDO�ERGLHV��LW�PXVW�EH�HTXDOO\�LPSRVVLEOH�WR�IRUP�DQ\�QRWLRQ�RI�LWV�SRZHUV�DQG�TXDOLWLHV�RWKHUZLVH�WKDQ�IURP�FDUHIXO�DQG�H[DFW�H[SHULPHQWV��DQG� WKH�REVHUYDWLRQ�RI� WKRVH�SDUWLFXODU�HIIHFWV��ZKLFK�UHVXOW� IURP�LWV�GLIIHUHQW�FLUFXPVWDQFHV�DQG�VLWXDWLRQV���+XPH�������[YLL�

+XPH¶V�IDLOHG�DWWHPSW��XVLQJ�WKLV�PHWKRG��WR�GHWHFW�D�VHOI�LV�RQH�RI�WKH�PRVW�IDPRXV�DQG�LQÀXHQWLDO�H[SHULPHQWV�LQ�WKH�KLVWRU\�RI�SKLORVRSK\�

)RU�P\� SDUW�� ZKHQ� ,� HQWHU� PRVW� LQWLPDWHO\� LQWR� ZKDW� ,� FDOO� P\VHOI�� ,� DOZD\V�VWXPEOH�RQ�VRPH�SDUWLFXODU�SHUFHSWLRQ�RU�RWKHU��RI�KHDW�RU�FROG��OLJKW�RU�VKDGH��ORYH�RU�KDWUHG��SDLQ�RU�SOHDVXUH��,�QHYHU�FDQ�FDWFK�P\VHOI�DW�DQ\�WLPH�ZLWKRXW�D�SHUFHSWLRQ��DQG�QHYHU�FDQ�REVHUYH�DQ\WKLQJ�EXW�WKH�SHUFHSWLRQ���+XPH�����������

+XPH� FRQFOXGHV� IURP� WKLV� H[SHULPHQW� WKDW� D� VHOI� PXVW� EH� VRPHWKLQJ� µZKRVH�GLIIHUHQW� DQG� FR�H[LVWHQW� SDUWV� DUH� ERXQG� WRJHWKHU� E\� D� FORVH� UHODWLRQ¶�� DQG� QRW�VRPHWKLQJ�ZKLFK�LV�µSHUIHFWO\�VLPSOH�DQG�LQGLYLVLEOH¶��,Q�WKH�QRWRULRXV�$SSHQGL[��KH�VXPPDULVHV�WKH�YLHZ�WKDW�KH�KDV�DGYDQFHG�LQ�WKH�ERG\�RI�WKH�Treatise thus:

:KHQ�,�WXUQ�P\�UHÀHFWLRQ�RQ�P\VHOI��,�QHYHU�FDQ�SHUFHLYH�WKLV�VHOI�ZLWKRXW�VRPH�RQH�RU�PRUH�SHUFHSWLRQV��QRU�FDQ�,�HYHU�SHUFHLYH�DQ\WKLQJ�EXW�WKH�SHUFHSWLRQV��,W�LV�WKH�FRPSRVLWLRQ�RI�WKHVH��WKHUHIRUH��ZKLFK�IRUPV�WKH�VHOI���+XPH�����������

:LWK� UHJDUG� WR� DOO� REMHFWV�� QRW� MXVW� WKH� VHOI�� KH� GUDZV� D� FRQWUDVW� EHWZHHQ� µWKH�GRFWULQH�RI�SKLORVRSKHUV¶��E\�ZKLFK�KH�PHDQV�D�QDWXUDO�SKLORVRSKLFDO�RU�VFLHQWL¿F�DWWLWXGH��DQG�µWKH�GRFWULQH�RI�WKH�YXOJDU¶��WKH�RUGLQDU\�RSLQLRQ�RI�FRPPRQ�VHQVH�

:KHQ�,�YLHZ�WKLV�WDEOH�DQG�WKDW�FKLPQH\��QRWKLQJ�LV�SUHVHQW�WR�PH�EXW�SDUWLFXODU�SHUFHSWLRQV��ZKLFK�DUH�RI�D�OLNH�QDWXUH�ZLWK�DOO�WKH�RWKHU�SHUFHSWLRQV��7KLV�LV�WKH�GRFWULQH�RI�SKLORVRSKHUV��%XW�WKLV�WDEOH��ZKLFK�LV�SUHVHQW�WR�PH��DQG�WKH�FKLPQH\��PD\�DQG�GR�H[LVW�VHSDUDWHO\��7KLV�LV�WKH�GRFWULQH�RI�WKH�YXOJDU���+XPH�����������

+XPH�VHHPV�WR�WKLQN��WKHUHIRUH��WKDW�KLV�H[SHULPHQW�HVWDEOLVKHV�WKDW�WKHUH�LV�QR�VHOI�XQGHUVWRRG� LQ� WKH� µYXOJDU¶� VHQVH� DV� VRPHWKLQJ� VLPSOH� DQG� LQGLYLVLEOH��7KH� VDPH�PHWKRG�DOVR�HVWDEOLVKHV�WKDW�WKHUH�LV�QR�WDEOH�LQ�WKH�YXOJDU�VHQVH��,Q�WKH�FDVH�RI�WKH�WDEOH��RI�FRXUVH��WKH�FR�H[LVWHQW�SDUWV�DUH�SHUFHSWLRQV�RI�WKH�FRQVWLWXHQW�PDWHULDO�SDUWV�IURP�ZKLFK�WKH�WDEOH�LV�PDGH��WKH�VRUWV�RI�WKLQJ�RQH�ZRXOG�VHH�LI�RQH�ZHUH�WR�ORRN�DW�WKH�WDEOH�WKURXJK�D�YHU\�SRZHUIXO�PLFURVFRSH��,QWURVSHFWLRQ��IRU�+XPH��LV�D�NLQG�RI�PLFURVFRSH�IRU�WKH�PLQG��DQG�WKH�PHQWDO�SDUWLFXODUV�ZKLFK�LW�GHWHFWV�±�VHQVLEOH�TXDOLWLHV��HPRWLRQV��WKRXJKWV�±�DUH�WKH�PHQWDO�SDUWV�IURP�ZKLFK�D�VHOI�LV�PDGH�

,W�PLJKW�QRZ�VHHP�WKDW� LW� LV�RQO\�LQ�D�UDWKHU�FRQWULYHG�VHQVH�WKDW�+XPH�FDQ�VD\�WKDW�KH�GRHV�QRW�REVHUYH�D�VHOI��LQ�WKH�VWUDQJH�µSKLORVRSKLFDO¶�VHQVH�LQ�ZKLFK�KH�ZRXOG�DOVR�VD\�WKDW�RQH�GRHV�QRW�REVHUYH�D�WDEOH��RQH�GRHV�QRW�REVHUYH�D�WDEOH�DV� VRPHWKLQJ� µVLPSOH� DQG� LQGLYLVLEOH¶� VHSDUDWH� IURP� LWV� FRQVWLWXHQW� SDUWV� DQG�

9781409443544_Prasad.indb 69 4/11/2012 3:23:21 PM

Page 8: 2012_Ganeri-5 Buddhist No Self

1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344

1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344

Proof C

opy

Hindu and Buddhist Ideas in Dialogue��

WKHLU�SURSHUWLHV��<HW�RQH�GRHV�REVHUYH�D� WDEOH�� DQG�RQH�GRHV� VR� LQ�YLUWXH�RI� WKH�SDWWHUQ�RI�FR�H[LVWHQFH�RI�LWV�SDUWV��,Q�WKDW�VDPH�VHQVH��ZH�PLJKW�WKLQN�WKDW�RQH�GRHV�REVHUYH�D�VHOI�ZKHQ�RQH�LQWURVSHFWV�PHQWDO�SDUWLFXODUV��RQH�REVHUYHV�D�VHOI�LQ�YLUWXH�RI�WKH�SDWWHUQ�RI�FR�H[LVWHQFH�RI�WKRVH�PHQWDO�SDUWLFXODUV��+XPH¶V�DQ[LHW\�LQ�WKH�$SSHQGL[�LV�WKH�UHVXOW�RI�KLV�EHOLHI�WKDW�KH�FDQ�¿QG�QRWKLQJ�LQ�SHUFHSWLRQ�FRUUHVSRQGLQJ�WR�VXFK�D�SDWWHUQ�RI�FR�H[LVWHQFH��DQG�VR�FDQ�IRUP�QR�LGHD�RI�D�VHOI�DV�DQ\WKLQJ�RWKHU�WKDQ�D�FOXPS�DQG�VXFFHVVLRQ�RI�GLVFUHWH�SHUFHSWLRQV�

7KLV� DQ[LHW\�� LW� VHHPV� WR�PH�� LV� DQ� LQHYLWDEOH� SURGXFW� RI� +XPH¶V� VFLHQWL¿F�QDWXUDOLVP��7KH�SDWWHUQV�RI�FR�H[LVWHQFH�WKDW�µELQG�WRJHWKHU�LQ�D�FORVH�UHODWLRQ¶�WKH�LQGLYLGXDO�PHQWDO�KDSSHQLQJV�DUH�QRW�GHVFULEDEOH� LQ�PHUHO\�FDXVDO� WHUPV��7KH\�DUH�SDWWHUQV�WKDW�PXVW�EH�DUWLFXODWHG�LQ�D�YRFDEXODU\�XQDYDLODEOH�WR�WKH�+XPHDQ�QDWXUDOLVW��+XPH¶V�H[SHULPHQW�LV�D�IDLOXUH��,W�LV�D�IDLOXUH�EHFDXVH�ZKDW�KH�VHW�RXW�WR�GHWHFW�LV�QRW�VRPHWKLQJ�WKDW�FRXOG�EH�GHWHFWHG�ZLWKLQ�WKH�GHVLJQ�VSHFL¿FDWLRQ�RI�WKH�H[SHULPHQW�KH�FRQGXFWV��+LV�VFLHQWL¿F�PHWKRG��RI�PLFURVFRSLF�LQVSHFWLRQ�DQG�LQWURVSHFWLRQ��QHYHU�FRXOG�GHWHFW�D�VHOI��6R�6KRHPDNHU������������ULJKWO\�VD\V�WKDW�µZKHWKHU�ZH�LQWHUSUHW�³SHUFHLYH´�LQ�WKH�EURDG�VHQVH�RU�LQ�WKH�QDUURZ�VHQVH��WKH� >+XPHDQ@� YLHZ� WKDW�ZH� KDYH� LQWURVSHFWLYH� SHUFHSWLRQ� RI� LQGLYLGXDO�PHQWDO�KDSSHQLQJV�EXW�QRW�RI�D�VHOI�LV�LQGHIHQVLEOH¶�

7KH�SUREOHP�ZLWK�+XPH¶V�QDWXUDOLVP�LV�WKDW�KLV�PHWKRG�LV�EOLQG�WR�WKH�IDFWV�ZKLFK�DUH�FRQVWLWXWLYH�RI�VHOIKRRG��+H�VSHDNV�DERXW�LQGLYLGXDO�µSHUFHSWLRQV¶��EXW�QRW� WR�ZKDW� LW� LV�IRU�D�VXEMHFW� WR�RZQ�D�SHUFHSWLRQ��$�FRQFHSW�RI�VHOI�DIIRUGV�DQ�H[SODQDWLRQ�RI�WKH�VRXUFHV�±�UHDO�RU�LOOXVRU\�±�RI�WKH�GLVWLQFWLRQ�EHWZHHQ�ZKDW�LV�PLQH�DQG�ZKDW�LV�DQRWKHU¶V��,Q�VR�IDU�DV�LW�GRHV�LQGHHG�VXSSO\�VXFK�DQ�H[SODQDWLRQ��RXU�LQWHULP�FRQFOXVLRQ�LV� WKDW� WKH�RSHUDWLYH�FRQFHSW�RI�VHOI�DW�ZRUN�LQ�%XGGKLVW�WKHRU\�LV�QHLWKHU�&DUWHVLDQ��QRU�6WUDZVRQLDQ��QRU�+XPHDQ�

First-person Psychological Ascription and Unconscious Ownership

:KDW� GRHV� 9DVXEDQGKX� VD\� DERXW� WKH� RZQHUVKLS� RI� FRQVFLRXV� H[SHULHQFH"� ,Q�KLV� ODWHU�� SRVW�$EKLGKDUPD��ZULWLQJ��KH�SRVWXODWHV� WKH� H[LVWHQFH�RI� DQ� DVSHFW�RI�experience which he calls PDQDV��+H�VD\V�WKDW�WKLV�PDQDV�LV�D�ZD\�RI�EHLQJ�DZDUH��DVVRFLDWLQJ� LW� ZLWK� WKH� DFWLYLW\� RI� µWKLQNLQJ¶� �PDQDQD��� WKDW� LW� WDNHV� WKH� VWRUH�FRQVFLRXVQHVV��ƗOD\DYLMxƗQD��DV�LWV�IRXQGDWLRQ��WKDW�LW�XQGHUJRHV�D�WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ���SDUL۬ƗPD�� LQWR�VRPHWKLQJ�WKDW�ZH�PHWDSKRULFDOO\�FDOO�D�VHOI��EXW�DOVR� WKDW� WKLV�WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ�LV�WKH�ZRUN�RI�FRJQLWLYH�IDEULFDWLRQ��YLNDOSD��DQG�WKHUH�LV�LQ�IDFW�QR�VXFK�WKLQJ�

)RU� WKH�PHWDSKRULFDO� GHVLJQDWLRQ�RI� VHOI��ZKLFK� IXQFWLRQV� LQ� VHYHUDO�ZD\V�� LV�XSRQ�WKH�WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ�RI�FRQVFLRXVQHVV�

%DVHG�RQ�LW�>VF��WKH�VWRUH�FRQVFLRXVQHVV@��WKHUH�IXQFWLRQV�WKH�FRQVFLRXVQHVV�called PDQDV��ZKLFK�FRQVLVWV�LQ�PHQWDWLRQ��PDQDQD��KDYLQJ�WKDW�DV�LWV�EDVH�

9781409443544_Prasad.indb 70 4/11/2012 3:23:21 PM

Page 9: 2012_Ganeri-5 Buddhist No Self

Proof C

opy

1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344

1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344

%XGGKLVW�1R�VHOI��$Q�$QDO\VLV�DQG�&ULWLTXH ��

7KLV�WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ�RI�FRQVFLRXVQHVV�LV�D�FRJQLWLYH�IDEULFDWLRQ��DQG�ZKDW�LV�FRJQLWLYHO\�IDEULFDWHG�E\�LW�GRHV�QRW�H[LVW��

7KH� LPSRUW� RI� WKH� XVH� RI� WKH� WHUPV� µFRQFHSWXDO� IDEULFDWLRQ¶� �YLNDOSD�� DQG�µPHWDSKRULFDO�GHVLJQDWLRQ¶��XSDFƗUD�� LQ�FRQQHFWLRQ�ZLWK�WKH�VHOI� LV� WKDW� WKH�HQG�UHVXOW�RI�WKH�WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ�RI�SUH�DWWHQWLYH�VHOI�FRQVFLRXVQHVV�LV�WKH�VRUW�RI�¿UVW�SHUVRQ�SUHVHQW�WHQVH�SV\FKRORJLFDO�DVFULSWLRQ�RQH�ZRXOG�H[SUHVV�LQ�WKH�ZRUGV�µ,�DP�)�¶�7KH� WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ�KDV�PDGH� WKH�VHOI� LQWR�D�FRQFHSWXDO� WKRXJKW�FRQWHQW��EXW�WKH�H[SUHVVLRQ�RI�WKDW�WKRXJKW�FRQWHQW�XVHV�D�ZRUG��µ,¶�IRU�H[DPSOH��LQ�VRPH�ZD\� WKDW� LV�QRW�RQH�RI�JHQXLQH� OLWHUDO� UHIHUHQFH��7KH�FODLP�LV� WKDW� WKUHH�GLVWLQFW�SKHQRPHQD�DUH�LQYROYHG�LQ�VHOI�FRQVFLRXVQHVV�

��� FRQVFLRXV�DWWHQWLRQ�WR�RQH¶V�RZQ�VWDWHV�RI�PLQG��PDQRYLMxƗQD�

7KLV�PXVW�KDYH�D�EDVH��ƗĞUD\D���7KH�EDVH�LV�

��� D�SUH�DWWHQWLYH�PRGH�RI�EHLQJ�VHOI�DZDUH��PDQDV�

7KLV�LV�VXEMHFW�WR�WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ���SDUL۬ƗPD���:KDW�LW�LV�WUDQVIRUPHG�LQWR�LV�

��� ¿UVW�SHUVRQ� SUHVHQW�WHQVH� DVFULSWLRQ� RI� D� SV\FKRORJLFDO� VWDWH� �DKDۨ�SUDW\D\D��±�WKLQNLQJ�µ,�DP�)¶�IRU�VRPH�SV\FKRORJLFDO�SUHGLFDWH�)�

0\� SRVVHVVLRQ� RI� D� ¿UVW�SHUVRQ� YLHZ�� D� YLHZ� RQ�P\� RZQ�PHQWDO� OLIH�� KDV� WR� EH�XQGHUZULWWHQ��:KDW� XQGHUZULWHV� LW� LV� WKH� IDFW� WKDW� P\�PHQWDO� OLIH� SUHVHQWV� LWVHOI�WR�PH�� LQ� D� SULPLWLYH� DQG� SUH�DWWHQWLYH�ZD\�� DV� EHLQJ�PLQH��7KLV� VDPH� SULPLWLYH�PRGH�RI�EHLQJ�VHOI�DZDUH�LV�UHQGHUHG�LQ�VXFK�D�ZD\�WKDW�LW�VHHPV�WR�MXVWLI\�PH�LQ�PDNLQJ�DVVHUWLRQV�RI�WKH�IRUP�µ,�DP�)�¶�,Q�IDFW��LW�LV�QHYHU�WKH�FDVH�WKDW�DVVHUWLRQV�RI�VXFK�D�IRUP�DUH�WUXH�RI�D�VHOI��8VHV�RI�µ,¶�QHYHU�OLWHUDOO\�UHIHU��7KH�SURSRVDO�ZH�DUH�H[DPLQLQJ�PLJKW�EH�H[SUHVVHG�DV�WKH�FRQMXQFWLRQ�RI�WKUHH�SURSRVLWLRQV������7KHUH�LV� D� SUH�DWWHQWLYH� PRGH� RI� VHOI�DZDUHQHVV� EHFDXVH� RI� ZKLFK� P\� H[SHULHQFHV�SUHVHQW�WKHPVHOYHV�WR�PH�DV�PLQH������)LUVW�SHUVRQ�SUHVHQW�WHQVH�DVFULSWLRQ�RI�D�SV\FKRORJLFDO�VWDWH�GUDZV�XSRQ�DGGLWLRQDO�FRQFHSWXDO�UHVRXUFHV��RQHV�QRW�DYDLODEOH�RQ�WKH�EDVLV�RI�����DORQH������)LUVW�SHUVRQ�SV\FKRORJLFDO�DVFULSWLRQV�GR�QRW�DFWXDOO\�LQYROYH�JHQXLQH�UHIHUHQFH�WR�D�VHOI�

&DQ�RQH�KHDU�DQ�HFKR�RI�9DVXEDQGKX¶V�QHZ�WKRXJKW�LQ�WKH�IROORZLQJ�UHPDUN��WKH� YHU\� UHPDUN�� DV� LW� KDSSHQV�� RXW� RI� ZKLFK� 6WUDZVRQ� FRQVWUXFWHG� WKH� QR�RZQHUVKLS�YLHZ������������Q���"

�� µƗWPDGKDUPRSDFƗUR�KL�YLYLGKR�\Dত�SUDYDUWDWH�_�YLMxƗQDSDULƗPH�¶VDX�__¶��D±F�µ__�WDV\D�Y\ƗYWLU�DUKDWYH�WDG�ƗĞULW\D�SUDYDUWDWH�_�WDG�ƗODPEDূ�PDQRQƗPD�YLMxƗQDূ�PDQDQƗWPDNDP�__¶���µ__�YLMxƗQD�SDULƗPR�¶\Dূ�YLNDOSR�\DG�YLNDOS\DWH�_�WHQD�WDQ�QƗVWL�__¶���D±F�__��7ULۨĞLNƗ-YLMxDSWL-NƗULNƗ��WU��5LFKDUG�5RELQVRQ��LQ�/XVWKDXV�����������±����

9781409443544_Prasad.indb 71 4/11/2012 3:23:21 PM

Page 10: 2012_Ganeri-5 Buddhist No Self

1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344

1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344

Proof C

opy

Hindu and Buddhist Ideas in Dialogue��

2QH� RI� WKH� PRVW� PLVOHDGLQJ� UHSUHVHQWDWLRQDO� WHFKQLTXHV� LQ� RXU� ODQJXDJH� LV�WKH�XVH�RI�WKH�ZRUG�µ,¶��SDUWLFXODUO\�ZKHQ�LW�LV�XVHG�LQ�UHSUHVHQWLQJ�LPPHGLDWH�H[SHULHQFH��DV�LQ�µ,�FDQ�VHH�D�UHG�SDWFK�¶�,W�ZRXOG�EH�LQVWUXFWLYH�WR�UHSODFH�WKLV�ZD\�RI�VSHDNLQJ�E\�DQRWKHU�LQ�ZKLFK�LPPHGLDWH�H[SHULHQFH�ZRXOG�EH�UHSUHVHQWHG�ZLWKRXW�XVLQJ�WKH�SHUVRQDO�SURQRXQ���:LWWJHQVWHLQ����������

,Q�DQRWKHU�SODFH��:LWWJHQVWHLQ�VSHDNV�RI�µWZR�GLIIHUHQW�FDVHV�LQ�WKH�XVH�RI�WKH�ZRUG�³,´��RU�³P\´�¶��WKH�XVH�µDV�REMHFW¶�DQG�WKH�XVH�µDV�VXEMHFW¶����������±����7KH�XVH�µDV�REMHFW¶�LV�WKH�XVH�WR�ZKLFK�LW�LV�SXW�ZKHQ�ZH�UHIHU�WR�RXUVHOYHV�DV�KXPDQ�EHLQJV��HPERGLHG�HQWLWLHV�LQ�D�SXEOLF�VSDFH��WKH�XVH�LW�KDV�ZKHQ��IRU�H[DPSOH��RQH�SHUVRQ�VD\V�WR�DQRWKHU��µ,�DP�MXVW�JRLQJ�WR�WKH�VKRSV�WR�JHW�WKH�SDSHU¶�RU�µ,�KDYH�WZLVWHG�P\�DQNOH�¶�+DYLQJ�GLVWLQJXLVKHG�EHWZHHQ�WKHVH�WZR�XVHV��RQH�VWUDWHJ\�ZRXOG�EH�WR�LGHQWLI\�RQH�RI�WKHVH�XVHV�DV�WKH�SULPDU\�XVH��DQG�DQDO\VH�WKH�RWKHU�XVH�DV�EHLQJ�LQ�VRPH�ZD\�GHULYDWLYH�XSRQ�WKH�¿UVW��7KH�GHULYDWLYH�XVH�LV�PHWRQ\PLF�RU�PRGXODWHG�±�WKH�WHUP�LV�XVHG�WR�UHIHU�WR�VRPHWKLQJ�HOVH��ZKLFK�VWDQGV�LQ�VRPH�UHODWLRQ�WR�WKH�SULPDU\�UHIHUHQW�

$� YDULDQW� RQ� WKLV� DSSURDFK� LV� UHFRPPHQGHG� E\� *DOHQ� 6WUDZVRQ�� 6WUDZVRQ�DUJXHV�WKDW�WKH�WZR�XVHV�DUH�ERWK�JHQXLQHO\�UHIHUHQWLDO��DQG�QHLWKHU�LV�SULPDU\�±�LQ�VKRUW��WKDW�µ,¶�LV�QRW�XQLYRFDO��2QH�XVH�LV�WR�UHIHU�WR�ZKDW�KH�GHVFULEHV�DV�D�µWKLQ�VXEMHFW¶��ZKLFK�LV�µDQ�LQQHU�WKLQJ�RI�VRPH�VRUW�WKDW�GRHV�QRW�DQG�FDQQRW�H[LVW�DW�DQ\�JLYHQ�WLPH�XQOHVV�LW�LV�KDYLQJ�H[SHULHQFH�DW�WKDW�WLPH¶��������������7KH�RWKHU�XVH�LV�WR�UHIHU�WR�WKH�KXPDQ�EHLQJ�µFRQVLGHUHG�DV�D�ZKROH¶�

$UH�ZH� WKLQ�VXEMHFWV"� ,Q�RQH� UHVSHFW��RI�FRXUVH��ZH�DUH� WKLFN�VXEMHFWV��KXPDQ�EHLQJV�FRQVLGHUHG�DV�D�ZKROH�� ,Q� WKLV� UHVSHFW�ZH�DUH�� LQ�EHLQJ�VXEMHFWV�� WKLQJV�WKDW�FDQ�\DZQ�DQG�VFUDWFK��,Q�DQRWKHU�UHVSHFW��WKRXJK��ZH�DUH�LQ�EHLQJ�VXEMHFWV�RI�H[SHULHQFH�QR�PRUH�ZKROH�KXPDQ�EHLQJV�WKDQ�KDQGV�RU�KHDUWV��ZH�DUH�±�OLWHUDOO\�±�LQQHU�WKLQJV��WKLQ�VXEMHFWV��QR�PRUH�WKLQJV�WKDW�FDQ�\DZQ�RU�VFUDWFK�WKDQ�H\HEURZV�RU� WKRXJKWV�«��±�%XW� µ:KDW� WKHQ� DP� ,"¶�$P� ,� WZR�GLIIHUHQW� VRUW� RI� WKLQJV�� D�WKLQ�VXEMHFW�DQG�D�WKLFN�VXEMHFW"�7KLV�LV�ULGLFXORXV�«��0\�DQVZHU�LV�WKDW�µ,¶�LV�QRW�XQLYRFDO��:H�PRYH�QDWXUDOO\�EHWZHHQ�FRQFHLYLQJ�RI�RXUVHOYHV�SULPDULO\�DV�D�KXPDQ�EHLQJ�DQG�SULPDULO\�DV�VRPH�VRUW�RI�LQQHU�VXEMHFW��ZH�GR�QRW�RI�FRXUVH�QDWXUDOO\�FRQFHLYH�RI�RXUVHOYHV�DV�D�WKLQ�VXEMHFW���6RPHWLPHV�ZH�PHDQ�WR�UHIHU�WR� WKH� RQH�� VRPHWLPHV� WR� WKH� RWKHU�� VRPHWLPHV� RXU� VHPDQWLF� LQWHQWLRQ� KRYHUV�EHWZHHQ�ERWK��VRPHWLPHV�LW�HPEUDFHV�ERWK���6WUDZVRQ����������±��

9DVXEDQGKX��DOWKRXJK�KH�GRHV�QRW�VD\�VR�KHUH��ZRXOG�SHUKDSV�EH�FRQWHQW�WR�HQGRUVH�DV�µFRQYHQWLRQDO¶��VDۨY܀WL�VDW��WKH�XVH�RI�WKH�¿UVW�SHUVRQ�LQ�VWDWHPHQWV�OLNH�µ,�DP�JRLQJ�WR�WKH�VKRSV¶��D�XVH�JRYHUQHG�E\�WKH�WRNHQ�UHÀH[LYH�UXOH�WKDW�µ,¶�UHIHUV�WR�WKH�VSHDNHU��:KHQ�µ,¶�LV�XVHG�LQ�WKH�H[SUHVVLRQ�RI�¿UVW�SHUVRQ�SUHVHQW�WHQVH�DVFULSWLRQ�RI�D�SV\FKRORJLFDO�VWDWH��KRZHYHU��KLV�FODLP�LV�WKDW�WKH�UHIHUHQFH�WR�DQ�LQQHU�VHOI�IDLOV��WKDW�WKLV�XVH�HUURQHRXVO\�LPSRUWV�D�VXEMHFW±SUHGLFDWH�PRGHO�DQG�LPSRVHV�LW�XSRQ�RQH¶V�LQQHU�H[SHULHQFH��,Q�RWKHU�ZRUGV��KLV�YLHZ�RI�WKLV�XVH�RI�µ,¶�LV�WKDW�WKHUH�LV�D�FRPELQDWLRQ�RI�PHWRQ\P\�DQG�HUURU�WKHRU\��:KHQ�µ,¶�LV�XVHG�PHWRQ\PLFDOO\�

9781409443544_Prasad.indb 72 4/11/2012 3:23:21 PM

Page 11: 2012_Ganeri-5 Buddhist No Self

Proof C

opy

1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344

1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344

%XGGKLVW�1R�VHOI��$Q�$QDO\VLV�DQG�&ULWLTXH ��

WR�UHIHU�WR�WKH�LQQHU�VXEMHFW��VRPHWKLQJ�DOZD\V�JRHV�ZURQJ��DQG�ZKDW�JRHV�ZURQJ�LV�WKDW�WKHUH�LV�QRWKLQJ�DW�WKH�IDU�HQG�RI�WKH�PHWRQ\PLF�UHODWLRQVKLS�IRU�LW�WR�UHIHU�WR�

$FFRUGLQJ� WR� WKH� LQWHUSUHWDWLRQ� RI� 9DVXEDQGKX� ZH� KDYH� UHDFKHG�� WKHQ�� µ,¶�GRHV� QRW� IXQFWLRQ� DV� DQ� H[SUHVVLRQ� RI� JHQXLQH� UHIHUHQFH�� EXW� LV� UDWKHU� RQH� RI�GLVLQJHQXRXV� UHIHUHQFH�� LW� LV� D� UHIHUULQJ� H[SUHVVLRQ� ZLWKRXW� D� UHIHUHQW�� LWV� XVH�FUHDWLQJ� WKH� IDOVH� LPSUHVVLRQ� WKDW� WKHUH� LV� RQH��7KDW� LV�� ,� VXJJHVW�� WKH�EHVW�ZD\�WR�XQGHUVWDQG�9DVXEDQGKX¶V�FODLP�WKDW�LW�LV�D�µPHWDSKRU¶��7KH�FODLP�WKDW�WKH�¿UVW�SHUVRQ�LWVHOI��WKH�ZRUG�µ,¶��LV�XVHG�µPHWDSKRULFDOO\¶�LQ�UHSRUWLQJ�WKH�FRQWHQWV�RI�WKH�¿UVW�SHUVRQ�SHUVSHFWLYH��WKHUHIRUH�FOHDUO\�UHVWV�RQ�D�prior commitment to the non-H[LVWHQFH�RI�DQ�LQQHU�VXEMHFW�RI�H[SHULHQFH��2QO\�WKLV�SHUPLWV�KLP�WR�FODLP�WKDW�LWV�XVH�LV�RQH�RI�ZKDW�,�KDYH�FDOOHG�µGLVLQJHQXRXV�UHIHUHQFH¶��:KDW�ZH�KDYH�VHHQ��KRZHYHU��LV�WKDW�D�QR�RZQHUVKLS�WKHRULVW�QHHG�QRW�GHQ\�WKDW�D�VHQVH�RI�RZQHUVKLS�DFFRPSDQLHV�H[SHULHQFH��D�VHQVH�ZKLFK�LV�JURXQGHG�LQ�WKH�VXEFRQVFLRXV�DFWLYLW\�of PDQDV��2QH�FDQ�GHQ\�WKDW�¿UVW�SHUVRQ�SUHVHQW�WHQVH�DVFULSWLRQV�DVFULEH�VWDWHV�RI� FRQVFLRXVQHVV� WR� VXEMHFWV�ZLWKRXW� IDOOLQJ� LQWR� WKH� LQFRKHUHQFH�� LGHQWL¿HG�E\�6WUDZVRQ��RI�GHQ\LQJ�WKDW�H[SHULHQFH�LV�QHFHVVDULO\�H[SHULHQFH�DV�WKDW�RI�VRPHRQH�

What is No-self?

,I� WKH� DPELWLRQ� RI� %XGGKLVW� SKLORVRSK\� LV� WR� UHFRPPHQG� WKDW� ZH� DVVXPH� D�VSHFWDWRULDO�RU�WKLUG�SHUVRQ�VWDQFH�RQ�RXU�RZQ�PHQWDO�OLYHV��WKHQ�RQH�SURPLVLQJ�LGHD� LV� WKDW� ZKDW� LV� GLVWLQFWLYH� RI� D� ¿UVW�SHUVRQ� SRVLWLRQ� LV� WKDW� WKRXJKWV� DUH�DVVRFLDWHG� ZLWK� D� GHWDFKDEOH� SKHQRPHQRORJ\� RI� RZQHUVKLS�� ,Q� 9DVXEDQGKX¶V�PRGHO� RI� WKH�PLQG��ZKHQ�ZH�PDNH�SUHVHQW�WHQVH� VHOI�DVFULSWLRQV��ZH�GR� VR� RQ�WKH�EDVLV�RI� D�SUH�H[LVWLQJ� VHQVH�RI�RZQHUVKLS� WKDW� DWWDFKHV� WR�RXU� WKRXJKWV�� ,Q�QRUPDO�FDVHV�� ,�H[SHULHQFH�P\�WKRXJKWV�DV� WKLQJV�,�KDYH� WKRXJKW�P\VHOI�� UDWKHU�WKDQ� WKLQJV� VRPHRQH�HOVH�KDV� WKRXJKW� DQG�SXW� LQ�P\�PLQG��$�SODXVLEOH�ZD\� WR�PDNH�VHQVH�RI�9DVXEDQGKX¶V�SRVLWLRQ�LV�WR�WDNH�LW�WKDW�ZKDW�KH�UHFRPPHQGV�LV�WKH�GHWDFKLQJ�RI�D�VHQVH�RI�DJHQF\�IURP�RXU�WKRXJKWV��2ZQHUVKLS��9DVXEDQGKX�VWDWHV�H[SOLFLWO\�� LV� D� FDXVDO� UHODWLRQ�� D�PDWWHU�RI�KRZ� LW� LV�JHQHUDWHG�DQG�QRW�ZKDW� LWV�HQWLWOHPHQWV�DUH��$EKLGKDUPDNǀĞDEKƗ܈\D���������������7KLV�FRQVLGHUDWLRQ�OHDGV�WR�D�¿UVW�IRUPXODWLRQ�RI�WKH�%XGGKLVW�µQR�VHOI¶�FODLP�

1R�VHOI�>¿UVW�IRUPXODWLRQ@��7KH�SKHQRPHQRORJ\�RI�RZQHUVKLS�WKDW�DFFRPSDQLHV�QRUPDO�WKLQNLQJ�VKRXOG�EH�HUDGLFDWHG�

µ1R�VHOI¶� LV� WKH� DGYLFH� WR� WXUQ� WR� IRUPV� RI� PHQWDO� WUDLQLQJ� ZKRVH� RXWFRPH� LV�WKDW� WKH� WUDLQHH¶V� WKRXJKWV� QR� ORQJHU� FDUU\�ZLWK� WKHP�DQ\� VHQVH� WKDW� WKH\� KDYH�EHHQ� JHQHUDWHG� E\�� DXWKRUHG� E\�� WKH� VXEMHFW� WKHPVHOYHV��7KLV� GRHV� QRW� KDYH� WR�LPSO\�WKDW�WKH\�DUH�IHOW�RI�DV�EHLQJ�VRPHRQH�HOVH¶V�WKRXJKWV��EXW�UDWKHU�WKDW�WKH\�DUH�RFFXUUHQFHV�IURP�WKH�SKHQRPHQRORJ\�RI�ZKLFK�DQ\�VHQVH�RI�DJHQF\��DQG�VR�RZQHUVKLS��KDV�EHHQ�UHPRYHG��,W�LV�LPSRUWDQW�WKDW�WKH�SKHQRPHQRORJ\�LV�RQH�RI�WKRXJKWV�QRW�IHOW�DV�JHQHUDWHG��UDWKHU�WKDQ�DV�RQH�RI�WKRXJKWV�IHOW�DV�JHQHUDWHG�E\�

9781409443544_Prasad.indb 73 4/11/2012 3:23:21 PM

Page 12: 2012_Ganeri-5 Buddhist No Self

1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344

1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344

Proof C

opy

Hindu and Buddhist Ideas in Dialogue��

VRPHRQH�HOVH��IRU�D�VHQVH�WKDW�WKH�WKRXJKWV�WR�ZKLFK�RQH�KDV�¿UVW�SHUVRQ�DFFHVV�DUH�JHQHUDWHG�E\�VRPHRQH�HOVH�VRRQ�OHDGV�WR�GLVWLQFWLYH�VRUWV�RI�PHQWDO�GLVLQWHJUDWLRQ��DQG� WKDW� LV� QRW� DW� DOO� ZKDW� 9DVXEDQGKX� VHHV� DV� WKH� DLP� RI� SKLORVRSK\��:KDW�9DVXEDQGKX�LV�VD\LQJ�LV�WKDW�ZH�DUH�LQ�WKH�JULS�RI�D�IDOVH�SKHQRPHQRORJ\�ZKHQ�ZH�KDYH�D�VHQVH�WKDW�ZH�RXUVHOYHV�KDYH�DJHQF\�ZLWK�UHVSHFW�WR�RXU�WKRXJKWV��:H�QHHG�WUDLQLQJ�WR�EUHDN�WKDW�SKHQRPHQRORJ\��DQG�LI�WKH�WUDLQLQJ�ZRUNV��LW�ZLOO�QRW�EH�DV�LI�DOO�RXU�WKRXJKWV�DUH�VRPHRQH�HOVH¶V��EXW�UDWKHU�WKDW�WKH\�DUH�DV�LI�DULVLQJ�XQELGGHQ��VSRQWDQHRXVO\�

9DVXEDQGKX� GLVWLQJXLVKHV�� DV� ZH� KDYH� VHHQ�� EHWZHHQ� WZR� GLPHQVLRQV� RI�self-awareness: PDQR�YLMxƗQD��ZKLFK� LV� WKLUG�SHUVRQ�NQRZOHGJH�RI� RQH¶V�PLQG��and PDQDV��ZKLFK� LV� DQ� DGGLWLRQDO� VHQVH� RI� EHLQJ�PLQH�� DQG�ZKLFK� WUDQVIRUPV�PHUHO\�WKLUG�SHUVRQ�NQRZOHGJH�LQWR�¿UVW�SHUVRQ�VHOI�NQRZOHGJH��7ULۨĞLNƗ�����7KH�addition of PDQDV�PDUNV� WKH�GLVWLQFWLRQ�EHWZHHQ�D�PHUHO\� VSHFWDWRULDO�YLHZ�RI�RQH¶V�LQQHU�OLIH�DQG�D�SDUWLFLSDQW¶V�YLHZ��8QOLNH�+XPH��9DVXEDQGKX�LV�WKXV�IXOO\�DZDUH�WKDW�WKHUH�LV�DQ�LPSRUWDQW�GLVWLQFWLRQ�EHWZHHQ�¿UVW�SHUVRQ�DQG�WKLUG�SHUVRQ�VWDQFHV��+H� GRHV� QRW� WDNH� WKH� ¿UVW�SHUVRQ� VWDQFH� WR� FRQVLVW� LQ� WKH� RSHUDWLRQ� RI�DQ\WKLQJ�OLNH�DQ�LQQHU�VHQVH��DQG�KH�¿UPO\�UHMHFWV�DQ\�&DUWHVLDQ�SHUFHSWXDO�PRGHO�RI�VHOI�NQRZOHGJH�

7KH�ZKROH�ZHLJKW�RI�WKH�%XGGKLVW�µQR�VHOI¶�FDQ�QRZ�EH�VHHQ�WR�UHVW�RQ�D�IXUWKHU�LGHD��DQG�RQH�ZKLFK�EHORQJV�WR�SUDFWLFDO�UHDVRQ��QRW�WR�WKHRUHWLFDO�UHDVRQ��7KLV�LV�WKH�LGHD�WKDW�LI�ZH�ZDQW�WR�OHDG�RXU�OLYHV�ZHOO��ZH�VKRXOG�QRW�DVVXPH�D�¿UVW�SHUVRQ�VWDQFH��EXW�LQVWHDG�VKRXOG�DGRSW�D�VSHFWDWRULDO�RU�GHOLEHUDWLYH�VWDQFH��:H�VKRXOG�GR�WKLV�EHFDXVH�RQO\�E\�GRLQJ�VR�FDQ�ZH�LPPXQLVH�RXUVHOYHV�DJDLQVW�WKH�WHPSWDWLRQV�RI�HJRWLVP�DQG�VHOI�SULGH��DQG�FXOWLYDWH�FRPSDVVLRQ��9DVXEDQGKX�LV�H[SOLFLW�WKDW�PDQDV��WKH�GLVWLQJXLVKLQJ�IHDWXUH�RI�D�GHOLEHUDWLYH�VWDQFH��LV�DOVR�NOLܒ܈D��µDIÀLFWHG¶��WKH� VRXUFH� RI� DOO� WKH� YLFHV� DVVRFLDWHG�ZLWK� VHOI�FHQWUHGQHVV� �7ULۨĞLNƗ� ���� 6R� D�VHFRQG�IRUPXODWLRQ�RI�WKH�%XGGKLVW�µQR�VHOI¶�FODLP�LV�WKLV�

1R�VHOI�>VHFRQG�IRUPXODWLRQ@��7KH�¿UVW�SHUVRQ�VWDQFH�WKDW�DFFRPSDQLHV�QRUPDO�WKLQNLQJ�VKRXOG�EH�VXVSHQGHG�

$FFRUGLQJ�WR�9DVXEDQGKX��LW�LV�EHVW�WR�KDYH�DQ�HQWLUHO\�WKLUG�SHUVRQ��VSHFWDWRULDO�VWDQFH�ZLWK�UHVSHFW�WR�RQH¶V�PHQWDO�OLIH��%XGGKLVP�LV�WKH�WKHRUHWLFDO�GHIHQFH�RI�D�OLIH�FRPPLWWHG�WR�WKH�FXOWLYDWLRQ�RI�WKH�GLVHQJDJHG��LPSHUVRQDO��LQWHOOHFW��9DVXEDQGKX�GRHV�QRW�PDNH�WKH�YROXQWDULVW�PLVWDNH�RI�VXSSRVLQJ�WKDW�RQH�FDQ�VLPSO\�choose WR� VXVSHQG� WKH�¿UVW�SHUVRQ� VWDQFH��7KH� WHFKQLTXHV� WKDW�ZLOO� EULQJ� DERXW� VXFK� D�WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ�RI�PLQG�GR�QRW�WKHPVHOYHV�XVH�UHDVRQ�RU�SKLORVRSKLFDO�DUJXPHQW��7KHUH�LV�D�SUHVXPSWLRQ��WKHUHIRUH��WKDW�WKH�ZD\�RI�D�QR�VHOI�SKLORVRSK\�LV�QRW�LWVHOI�D�SKLORVRSKLFDO�ZD\��7KHUH�LV�D�SUHVXPSWLRQ�WRR�WKDW�WKH�¿UVW�SHUVRQ�VWDQFH�can�EH�VXVSHQGHG��DQG�LQGHHG��WKDW�LW�ZRXOG�EH�D�JRRG�WKLQJ�WR�GR�VR�

9781409443544_Prasad.indb 74 4/11/2012 3:23:21 PM

Page 13: 2012_Ganeri-5 Buddhist No Self

Proof C

opy

1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344

1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344

%XGGKLVW�1R�VHOI��$Q�$QDO\VLV�DQG�&ULWLTXH ��

A Sustainable Attitude?

9DVXEDQGKX¶V�DQDO\VLV�RI�WKH�¿UVW�SHUVRQ�VWDQFH�LV�YHU\�SHUFHSWLYH��,�KDYH�DUJXHG�WKDW�LW�LV�IUHH�IURP�DQ\�WUDFH�RI�D�&DUWHVLDQ�FRQFHSWLRQ�RI�RZQHUVKLS��DQG�LV�DEOH�WR�VLGH�VWHS�6WUDZVRQ¶V�FULWLFLVP�RI�WKH�QR�RZQHUVKLS�YLHZ��:KDW�,�DP�FULWLFDO�RI�LV�WKH�GLVPLVVLYH�DWWLWXGH�WRZDUGV�WKH�¿UVW�SHUVRQ�VWDQFH��VRPHWKLQJ�ZKLFK�,�KDYH�DUJXHG�LV�FRQVWLWXWLYH�RI�WKH�%XGGKLVW�QR�VHOI�YLHZ��9DVXEDQGKX�UHFRPPHQGV�WKDW�ZH�VKRXOG�JLYH�XS�D�¿UVW�SHUVRQ�VWDQFH�DQG�FXOWLYDWH�DQ�HQWLUHO\�WKHRUHWLFDO�VWDQFH�WRZDUGV�RXU�PHQWDO�OLYHV��<HW�YLUWXHV�VXFK�DV�DXWRQRP\�UHVW�RQ�D�SUHVHUYDWLRQ�RI�the idea of ownership:

7KH� UHVSHFW� WKDW� LQGLYLGXDOV� FODLP� IRU� WKHLU� SUHIHUHQFHV�� FRPPLWPHQWV�� JRDOV��SURMHFWV�� GHVLUHV�� DVSLUDWLRQV�� DQG� VR� RQ� LV� XOWLPDWHO\� WR� EH� JURXQGHG� LQ� WKHLU�EHLQJ� WKH� SHUVRQ¶V� RZQ�� ,W� LV� EHFDXVH� WKRVH� SUHIHUHQFHV�� FRPPLWPHQWV�� DQG�VR�RQ�DUH�D�SHUVRQ¶V�RZQ�WKDW�GLVUHJDUGLQJ�WKHP�DPRXQWV�WR�GLVUHJDUGLQJ�KLP�RU� KHU� TXD� WKDW� GLVWLQFWLYH� LQGLYLGXDO�� %\� FRQWUDVW�� GLVUHJDUGLQJ� SUHIHUHQFHV��FRPPLWPHQWV��DQG�VR�RQ�WKDW�DUH�WKH�SURGXFW�RI�FRHUFLRQ�RU�GHFHSWLRQ�GRHV�QRW�VHHP�WR�LQYROYH�D�YLRODWLRQ�LQ�WKH�VDPH�VHQVH��UDLVLQJ�WKH�YH[LQJ�LVVXH�RI�ZKDW�PDNHV�VRPH�SUHIHUHQFHV��FRPPLWPHQWV��DQG�VR�RQ�µRQH¶V�RZQ¶��DQG�RWKHUV�QRW���&KULVWPDQ�DQG�$QGHUVRQ���������

6R�� IRU� H[DPSOH�� LQ� RUGHU� WR� UHVLVW� WKH� LPSRVLWLRQV� RI� D� W\UDQW�� RQH� QHHGV� D�FRQFHSWLRQ�RI� VHOI� WKDW�FDQ�VXVWDLQ�GHPDQGV� IRU�RQH¶V�DXWRQRP\�DQG� LQGLYLGXDO�ULJKWV�WR�EH�UHVSHFWHG��7KH�YLHZ�RI�9DVXEDQGKX�LV�D�PXFK�PRUH�UHVLOLHQW�YHUVLRQ�RI�WKH�QR�RZQHUVKLS�GRFWULQH�WKDQ�6WUDZVRQ¶V�UHFRQVWUXFWHG�SRVLWLRQ��9DVXEDQGKX�SUHVHQWV�DQ�H[WUHPHO\�SHUFHSWLYH�DQDO\VLV�RI�WKH�¿UVW�SHUVRQ�SHUVSHFWLYH�DQG�RI�WKH�SKHQRPHQRORJ\�RI�RZQHUVKLS��,�KDYH�DUJXHG�WKDW�%XGGKLVW�µQR�VHOI¶�WKHRU\�VKRXOG�EH�XQGHUVWRRG�DV�DQ�DWWLWXGH�WRZDUGV��QRW�DQ�DQDO\VLV�RI��WKLV�SKHQRPHQRORJ\�

,� EHJDQ� E\� VD\LQJ� WKDW� WKH� UHFRQFLOLDWLRQ� RI� QDWXUDOLVP� DQG� WKH� ¿UVW�SHUVRQ�VWDQFH�LV�WKH�¿UVW�ZRUN�RI�D�FRQFHSW�RI�VHOI��1HLWKHU�%XGGKLVW�UHIXVDO�RI�WKH�YLUWXHV�RI�D�¿UVW�SHUVRQ�SHUVSHFWLYH�QRU�QRQ�%XGGKLVW�DQWL�QDWXUDOLVP�LV�DQ�DFFHSWDEOH�ZD\�WR�IXO¿O�WKLV�REOLJDWLRQ��ERWK�DUH�DEURJDWLRQV�RI�WKH�SKLORVRSKLFDO�WDVN�WKDW�D�WKHRU\�RI�VHOI�RXJKW�WR�EH�UHVSRQVLYH�WR��6WUDZVRQ�VRXJKW�D�PLGGOH�JURXQG�ZLWK�KLV�WKHRU\�RI�SHUVRQV��EXW�6WUDZVRQLDQ�SHUVRQV�DUH�QRW�VHOYHV��0\�YLHZ�LV�WKDW�WKH�GRFWULQH�of PDQDV�FDQ�EH�PDGH�WR�VHUYH�DV�D�YHU\�JRRG�DFFRXQW�RI�WKH�VHOI��DQG�WKDW�RQO\�D�SULRU�PHWD�SKLORVRSKLFDO�FRPPLWPHQW�SUHYHQWV�9DVXEDQGKX�IURP�DFNQRZOHGJLQJ�LW� DV� VXFK�� &RQFHLYHG� DV� D� VHOI�� WKLV�PDQDV� LV� QHLWKHU� &DUWHVLDQ�� QRU� +XPHDQ��QRU�6WUDZVRQLDQ��0RUHRYHU��DQG�XQOLNH�PDQ\�DFFRXQWV�RI�WKH�VHOI��LW�LV�SURSHUO\�LQGLYLGXDWHG��7KH�GLVWLQFWLRQ�EHWZHHQ�PDQDV and pudgala is an anticipation of the FRQWHPSRUDU\�LGHD�WKDW�ZH�VKRXOG�GLVWLQJXLVK�ZLWKLQ�WKH�FRQFHSW�RI�VHOI�GLVWLQFW�VWUDQGV�FRUUHVSRQGLQJ�WR�PLQLPDO�DQG�QDUUDWLYH�FRQFHSWLRQV�RI�VHOI��9DVXEDQGKX�LV� ULJKW�� ,� VXJJHVW�� WR� VHH� WKDW� WKHUH� LV� D� WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ� ��SDUL۬ƗPD�� LQYROYHG� LQ�WKH�WUDQVLWLRQ�IURP�D�EDVLF�SUH�DWWHQWLYH�VHQVH�RI�RZQHUVKLS�WR�WKH�JURXQGLQJ�RI�SUHVHQW�WHQVH�¿UVW�SHUVRQ�DVFULSWLRQ�RI�SV\FKRORJLFDO�SUHGLFDWHV��0\�YLHZ�LV�WKDW�

9781409443544_Prasad.indb 75 4/11/2012 3:23:21 PM

Page 14: 2012_Ganeri-5 Buddhist No Self

1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344

1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344

Proof C

opy

Hindu and Buddhist Ideas in Dialogue��

WKLV�µWUDQVIRUPDWLRQ¶�FRQVLVWV�SUHFLVHO\�LQ�WKH�JHQXLQH�HPHUJHQFH�RI�VHOI�ZLWKLQ�DQ�LQGLYLGXDO¶V�PHQWDO�OLIH��,W�LV�LQGHHG�WUXH�WKDW�FRQFRPLWDQW�ZLWK�WKH�IRUPDWLRQ�RI�VHOI�WKHUH�HPHUJHV�WRR�D�FDSDFLW\�IRU�SULGH��FRQFHLW��DQG�DOO�WKH�RWKHU�VHOI�UHJDUGLQJ�PRUDO�SV\FKRORJLFDO�DIÀLFWLRQV��EXW�WKH�FXUH�IRU�WKHP�LV�WKH�UDWLRQDO�FXOWLYDWLRQ�RI�D�PRUDO�LGHQWLW\��QRW�WKH�XVH�RI�WHFKQLTXHV�WKDW�XQGHUPLQH�RQH¶V�YHU\�SRVVHVVLRQ�RI�D�SDUWLFLSDQW�VWDQFH�

9781409443544_Prasad.indb 76 4/11/2012 3:23:21 PM