Department ofAgriculture and Food

Bulletin 4867 Replaces Bulletin 4853

ISSN 1833 – 7236

2015/2016Viticulture spray guide

Supporting your success

Wine grapes and table grapes

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Acknowledgements

The information contained in this Bulletin is from a collaborative effort from Department of

Agriculture and Food, Western Australia (DAFWA) staff and others from outside of the department.

The compilation and editing of this Bulletin was undertaken by Richard Fennessy.

Authors

Pesticide safety: Chris Sharpe

Chemical residues: Anita James

drumMUSTER and ChemClear: Graeme Passmore (drumMuster)

Safety for bees: Bill Trend

HortGuardTM: Glynn Ward

Resistance management: Alastair James (CropLife Australia)

Diseases: Andrew Taylor

Insects, mites and molluscs: Stewart Learmonth and Helen Collie

Herbicides: George Morris

Plant Growth Regulators: Colin Gordon

Cover photographs: Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia

Winetitles, Dr Peter Dry, Dr Bryan Coombe are gratefully acknowledged for granting permission to use the ‘Modified E-L system for identifying major and intermediate grapevine growth stages from page 153 of Viticulture: Volume 1 – Resources – 2nd edition’, 2004, PR Dry and BG Coombe (eds).

This material may be reprinted provided that the article and the source and author(s) are acknowledged. Published by the Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia, Locked Bag 4, Bentley Delivery Centre WA 6983.

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Disclaimer

The Chief Executive Officer of the Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia and the State of Western Australia accept no liability whatsoever by reason of negligence or otherwise arising from the use or release of this information or any part of it. In relying on or using this document or any advice or information expressly or impliedly contained within it, you accept all risks and responsibility for loss, injury, damages, costs and other consequences of any kind whatsoever resulting directly or indirectly to you or any other person from your doing so. It is for you to obtain your own advice and conduct your own investigations and assessments of any proposals that you may be considering in light of your own circumstances. This material has been written for Western Australian conditions. Its availability does not imply suitability to other areas, and any interpretation is the responsibility of the user. The product trade names in this publication are supplied on the understanding that no preference between equivalent products is intended and that the inclusion of a product does not imply endorsement by the Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia, over any other equivalent product from another manufacturer. Any omission of a trade name is unintentional. Inclusion of advertising in this publication should in no way be interpreted as endorsement by the Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia of the products and services advertised. Always read the label — Users of agricultural (or veterinary) chemical products must always read the label and any permit before using the product, and strictly comply with the directions on the label and conditions of any permit. Users are not absolved from compliance with the directions on the label or the conditions of the permit by reason of any statement made or not made in this publication. Parts of the chemical use pattern quoted in this publication are approved under permit(s) issued by the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority and in force at the time the publication was prepared. Persons wishing to use a chemical in the manner approved under permit should obtain a copy of the relevant permit from the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority and must read all the details, conditions and limitations relevant to that permit, and must comply with the details, conditions and limitations prior to use. Information in this publication was current at the time of preparation.

© Western Australian Agriculture Authority 2015

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Bulletin 4867

Replaces Bulletin 4828

September 2015

ISSN No. 1833–7236

2015/16 Viticulture spray guide – wine grapes and table grapes

Contents

Pesticide safety ................................................................................................................................ 4

Regulations and acts ................................................................................................................... 4

Organochlorine and other chemical residues .............................................................................. 8

drumMUSTER and ChemClear® .................................................................................................. 8

Withholding periods and maximum residue limits (MRLs) ......................................................... 10

Chemical labels, permits and material safety data sheets ......................................................... 11

Safety for bees ........................................................................................................................... 12

Pesticide resistance ....................................................................................................................... 14

CropLife Australia ...................................................................................................................... 15

Agrochemicals registered for use in Australian viticulture .............................................................. 18

HortGuardTM ................................................................................................................................... 19

Spray options ................................................................................................................................. 21

Diseases .................................................................................................................................... 21

Insects, mites and molluscs ....................................................................................................... 48

Herbicides .................................................................................................................................. 66

Plant growth regulators (PGR’s) ................................................................................................ 83

Example of a spray diary................................................................................................................ 86

Grape pest monitoring and treatment calendar .............................................................................. 87

Diseases .................................................................................................................................... 87

Pests .......................................................................................................................................... 88

Modified E-L system for growth stages .......................................................................................... 89

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Pesticide safety

Pesticide misuse can be harmful to both human and environmental health and can also impact trading relations with international markets. Regulatory standards are necessary to ensure that pesticides are used appropriately within our communities.

The Department of Health publishes ‘A guide to the use of pesticides in Western Australia’ which provides a summary of those regulations and best practices with which all users of pesticides in Western Australia must comply.

Regulations and acts

Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia

Regulates some aspects of the use of pesticides and veterinary medicines in agriculture, including the management of residue affected land and produce.

Provides information on the control of pests and diseases in animals and plants.

Regulates the control of declared plants and animals in agricultural and pastoral lands.

Legislation:

Agriculture and Related Resources (Spraying Restrictions) Regulations1979

Aerial Spraying Control Act 1966 (and Regulations)

Biosecurity and Agriculture Management (Agriculture Standards) Regulations 2013

Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007

Department of Health

Regulates the safe use of pesticides through the Health (Pesticides) Regulations 2011, where it affects human health.

Regulates the supply and use of poisons through the Poisons Act 1964.

Licenses pest management technicians and registered businesses.

Provides some training and guidelines for the pest management industry.

Provides information and advice on public health control programs.

Provides toxicological advice on the human health aspects of pesticides.

Legislation:

Health (Pesticides) Regulations 2011

Health Act 1911

Poisons Regulations 1965

Poisons Act 1964

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Department of Health contacts:

Environmental Health Directorate

Tel: +61 (0)8 9388 4999

Fax: +61 (0)8 9388 4902

Email: ehinfo@health.wa.gov.au

Website: health.wa.gov.au

Department of Environment Regulation

Regulates waste management sites, contaminated sites, air and water quality, illegal discharge and pollution, under the Environmental Protection Act 1986.

Regulates pesticide manufacturing facilities.

Regulates the transport of liquid chemical wastes including pesticide wastes.

Investigates and may take enforcement action if there is evidence of an inappropriate pesticide application which has caused environmental harm or there has been a pesticide spill which has or may cause pollution or environmental harm.

Provides guidance on chemical storage and disposal.

Legislation:

Environmental Protection (Unauthorised Discharges) Regulations 2004

Environmental Protection (Controlled Waste) Regulations 2004

Environmental Protection Act 1986

Environmental Protection Regulations 1987

Swan River Trust Act 1988

Department of Environment Regulation contacts:

Head Office

Tel: +61 (0)8 6467 5000

Fax: +61 (0)8 6467 5562

Email: info@der.wa.gov.au

Website: der.wa.gov.au

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Department of Water

Protects existing and future public drinking water source areas (PDWSAS) these include underground water pollution control areas, water reserves and catchment areas.

Provides guidance on land use compatibility in PDWSAS.

Provides guidance on chemical storage, handling and disposal in PDWSAs.

Legislation:

Metropolitan Water Supply Sewerage and Drainage Act 1909

Rights in Water and Irrigation Act 1914

Country Areas Water Supply Act 1947

Department of Water contacts:

Head Office

Tel: +61 (0)8 6364 7600

Fax: +61 (0)8 6364 7601

Email: drinkingwater@water.wa.gov.au

Website: water.wa.gov.au

Department of Commerce (WorkSafe Division)

Regulates the workplace to ensure the safety and health of people at work.

Responds to requests to investigate possible breaches of the legislation.

Provides information to employers and employees on occupational safety matters.

Promotes awareness of occupational safety matters to the community.

Legislation:

Occupational Safety and Health Act 1984

Occupational Safety and Health Regulations 1996

WorkSafe contacts:

Head Office

Tel: 1300 30 78 77

Email: online@commerce.wa.gov.au

Website: commerce.wa.gov.au/worksafe

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Department of Mines and Petroleum

Regulates the storage, handling and transport of dangerous goods (including pesticides) to minimise the risk to people property and the environment.

Responds to dangerous goods incidents and emergencies.

Investigates possible breaches of the legislation.

Contributes to the development and implementation of national dangerous goods safety policy and legislation.

Provides information and promotes awareness of dangerous goods safety matters to industry, government and the community.

Legislation:

Dangerous Goods Safety Act 2004

Dangerous Goods Safety Regulations 2007

Department of Mines and Petroleum contacts:

Head Office

Tel: +61 (0)8 9358 8001

Fax: +61 (0)8 9358 8000

Email: dgsb@dmp.wa.gov.au

Website: dmp.wa.gov.au

Chemistry Centre Western Australia

Provides chemical analytical support to the government, industry, academia and the community.

Conducts research into chemical analytical methods.

Provides advice on the chemistry of pesticides and other chemicals, and how they behave in soil, water, air and other substrates.

Assists other government agencies with the management of chemical spillages, residues in foods and environmental contamination.

ChemCentre contacts:

Head Office

Tel: +61 (0)8 9422 9800 Fax: +61 (0)8 9422 9801 Email: enquiries@chemcentre.wa.gov.au Website: chemcentre.wa.gov.au

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Organochlorine and other chemical residues

Orchards and old orchard sites are often contaminated with organochlorine pesticides such as dieldrin, heptachlor and DDT, which slowly break down in the soil. There is a danger that grazing animals, particularly cattle and poultry, will become contaminated with these pesticides and have meat and/or eggs high in residues. Areas of old orchard that have been planted to grapes and may be grazed by cattle, sheep or poultry can be soil tested to determine if there is a contamination risk from grazing these areas.

In addition to the risk posed by organochlorines, there may also be risks of pesticide residues in grazing animals from other pesticides that have been used in the past or are being used for pest control in the vineyard. Some examples of pesticide risk include poultry feeding on contaminated adult garden weevils or on baits used to manage European earwig or wingless grasshoppers.

Details concerning chickens, eggs and organochlorines; and sheep and organochlorine residues can be found on the DAFWA website.

Further information or queries on pesticide residue risks to grazing animals can be made to Anita James at the Department of Agriculture and Food, Bunbury on +61 (0)8 9780 6100.

drumMUSTER and ChemClear®

drumMUSTER and ChemClear® are important industry stewardship programs run by Agsafe as part of the Industry Waste Reduction Scheme (IWRS).

Agsafe works with governments, farmer groups, communities, local government and regulatory authorities involved in the disposal of agvet chemicals and containers to further develop and expand the success of the two programs.

IWRS is a joint venture of CropLife Australia, Animal Medicines Australia, Veterinary Manufacturers and Distributors Association, National Farmers’ Federation and the Australian Local Government Association.

drumMUSTER is the national program for the collection and recycling of empty, clean, non-returnable metal and plastic farm chemical containers.

Chemical users throughout Australia are encouraged to deliver their drums to one of 790 drumMUSTER collection sites on designated collection days.

Trained inspectors receive and examine each drum onsite to ensure that every container delivered is free of chemical residue and therefore safe to transport and recycle. Metal drums should be punctured from the top through the bottom and lids removed from all containers.

Each container delivered to drumMUSTER is shredded or granulated and transformed into new products including road signs, irrigation piping, plant stakes, plastic cable covers and outdoor furniture.

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The drumMUSTER program offers many benefits:

It is an environmentally responsible solution for chemical users to dispose of their empty containers.

Helps property owners keep their farms free of potential contamination.

Encourages good farming practice.

Provides documentation for chemical users to meet the requirements of quality assurance programs.

Supports the preservation of the environment.

ChemClear® is the national program for collection and disposal of unwanted or unknown chemicals. The program’s objective is to minimise the accumulation of unwanted chemicals on farms which may create potential risks to the environment, public health and trade.

Two categories of agvet chemicals are collected by ChemClear®:

Group 1 chemicals are currently registered products manufactured by participating companies signed to the Industry Waste Reduction Agreement. These products are collected free of charge.

Group 2 chemicals are products manufactured by non-participating companies, deregistered, unknown, mixed or out-of-date products. A fee for collection applies.

The service is easy to use:

Waste holders are required to take an inventory of their unwanted chemicals and register them for collection by phoning a toll-free number or completing an online form (details below).

Once the booking is lodged and confirmed, waste holders continue to store their products until a collection in their area is scheduled.

Collections are state-based and routes are planned when registered bookings reach a quantity threshold.

Collections are undertaken in the registered waste holder’s shire council area.

Prior to a collection, registered waste holders are contacted and advised of the retrieval location and date. An appointment time is also negotiated.

Waste holders are required to transport their chemicals to their nominated collection site and meet the ChemClear® retrieval vehicle.

For more information about the programs contact:

drumMUSTER

GPO Box 816

Canberra ACT 2601

Tel: +61 (0)2 6230 6712 Fax: +61 (0)2 6230 6713 Email: drummuster@drummuster.com.au Website: drummuster.com.au

ChemClear®

GPO Box 816

Canberra City ACT 2601

Tel: +61 (0)2 6230 4799 Free call: 1800 008 182 Fax: +61 (0)2 6230 6710 Email: chemclear@agsafe.com.au Website: chemclear.com.au

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Withholding periods and maximum residue limits (MRLs)

Use of agricultural chemicals may leave residues on fruit. The level of residue that remains at harvest depends on the chemical, the formulation, application rate, method of application, time and number of treatments, use of adjuvants, the interval since the last application and climatic conditions.

Limits for these residues are determined in various countries by health authorities. These limits are called Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) and are set to ensure correct use of pesticides (good agricultural practice) and to prevent consumers from taking in excessive residues. Grape growers are responsible to ensure that grapes they sell do not exceed MRLs for the chemicals they apply.

Label rates for horticultural chemicals have been calculated so that, provided the label rate is followed and withholding periods observed, Australian MRLs are not exceeded. The withholding period for a particular pesticide is the minimum time between when the crop is last sprayed and when it is picked. This withholding period may vary for different crops.

A withholding period of seven days means that the grower must wait for seven days between the last application of the pesticide and before the crop is picked. Growers applying chemicals at the correct rate and observing the withholding period before harvest should produce fruit with residues lower than the MRL for Australia.

Growers involved in production of grapes or wine for export should be aware that other countries may have different or no MRLs for chemicals used in Australia. If the importing country has a lower MRL than the Australian MRL, longer withholding periods or changed rates of application may be necessary. If the importing country has no MRL set for a chemical used in Australia, that chemical should not be applied to the crop as any detectable residue on the fruit will be unacceptable.

Growers exporting grapes or wine should contact their exporters, winery or the Australian Wine Research Institute (AWRI) before spraying to ensure that MRLs in the export markets are not exceeded. Refer to the AWRI webpage on MRLs for further information.

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Chemical labels, permits and material safety data sheets

Chemical labels — A chemical label is a legally binding document. To use a product other than in the manner specified on the label is permitted only in situations described as ‘low risk use’.

Permits — In special cases a product may be used in a manner different to that specified on the label by obtaining a ‘permit’ from the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA). Various types of permits are available:

Permit to export unapproved active constituent or unregistered product.

Permit where a previous assessment remains valid (renewal).

Permit for minor use.

Permit for emergency use.

Permit for research or other miscellaneous permit.

In the section on Spray options for the various commodity groups, some chemicals listed for use in WA vineyards are under an APVMA permit for minor use. For such chemicals, the permit number and expiry date are listed in the comments column. Copies of permits for minor use are available from the website apvma.gov.au.

For enquiries on a permit for minor use contact:

Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority

PO Box E240 Kingston ACT 2604

Tel: +61 (0)2 6210 4700

Email: contact@apvma.gov.au

Website: apvma.gov.au

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) — are available for each chemical to supplement the information provided on the label. They are not part of, nor a substitute for, the chemical label. Any farm chemical handled or stored on a property must have an up-to-date MSDS available on the premises in a known location.

The Occupational Safety and Health Regulations 1996 require that an MSDS be supplied at the first sale of a hazardous chemical and thereafter upon request. The MSDS of a chemical must be shown to any persons employed on that property, prior to using the product.

These sheets are available from chemical company websites. One website that stores a large number is MSDS Australia at msds.com.au.

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Regulation change – low risk new pesticide uses

As published in the WA Government Gazette, 1 February 2011 No. 14, The Health Department of WA has modified the Health (Pesticides) Regulations 1956 to provide a more flexible approach for agricultural pesticide use, particularly in relation to low risk uses.

These amendments relate to Regulation 87 of the new regulations that allow the following practices, in agricultural situations only:

Use of a pesticide for an unspecified pest on a registered crop.

Use of a pesticide at a lower frequency than that shown on the label.

Use of a pesticide at a lower rate of application than that shown on the label.

Use of a pesticide for a crop/pest combination registered in another jurisdiction, provided the pesticide is registered for use in Western Australia and the label does not prohibit the use in Western Australia.

For any queries on this contact:

Chris Sharpe, Chemical Coordinator

Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia

Locked Bag 4 Bentley Delivery Centre WA 6983

Tel: +61 (0)8 9368 3815

Mob: +61 (0)427 193 838

Fax: +61 (0)8 9474 2408

Email: chris.sharpe@agric.wa.gov.au

Safety for bees

Bees actively foraging on flowers either in the crop or on ground covers may be adversely affected by insecticide applications. The time of application and insecticide used will influence the level of damage. Some insecticides have very low toxicity to bees and are able to be applied even when the bees are foraging. Other short residual insecticides will be safe to bees if applied in the evening or at night when the bees are not foraging. More persistent insecticides may remain toxic to bees well after application.

Foraging bees may bring contaminated pollen or nectar back to the hive. This is fed to the house bees which then feed the larvae and queen. In this way the whole colony may be killed.

Symptoms of bee toxicity vary:

There may be a sticky mass of bees dying in front of the hive.

Bees may move very slowly.

Bees may exhibit strange and aggressive behaviour.

The insecticide carbaryl is very toxic to bees and carbaryl-contaminated pollen may remain toxic for up to eight months when stored in the hive.

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Food safety – Beekeepers in districts where vineyards are located in forest areas will be sourcing honey from eucalypts and in some instances the bees will be attracted to ground flora (weeds) from properties and this nectar will be collected and stored as honey within the hive and harvested and sold for human consumption. Sub-lethal levels of chemical can enter the food chain in this way.

Be aware of the bee toxicity rating of any pesticide used and whether bee hives are located near the vineyard. Advise the beekeeper before toxic chemicals are applied.

Pesticide application

The good work of monitoring for pests to decide on the need for and timing of pesticide application, and correct selection of a pesticide to control the pest, will be negated by poor application technique. When using pesticides to control pests and diseases, and herbicides to control weeds, it is essential that these be applied safely and effectively.

Incorrect spray application can result in major pesticide wastage or phytotoxicity. Pesticide wastage or over-spraying may result in residues that exceed the maximum residue limit (MRL), is costly and detrimental to the environment.

Correct calibration of a sprayer is essential to apply the chemical at the label rate and to get maximum efficiency of coverage of the target.

The DAFWA website has additional information on calibrating spray equipment and herbicide application methods.

Useful links

Phenoxy (hormone-like) herbicides have the potential to cause off-target spray damage to vineyards. See the link for details concerning the regulations, duty of care and formulations of phenoxy herbicide applications in WA.

Users of herbicides need to be aware of the legal aspects of herbicide application, follow the link for further information.

Found an unusual pest or disease in your vineyard that you can’t identify? The DAFWA Pest and Disease Identification Service (PaDis) provides advisory and identification services on animal and plant pests, weeds and diseases that impact Western Australia’s agriculture and food industries.

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Pesticide resistance

What is pesticide resistance?

Most pest and disease populations have a very small number of individuals that are resistant to a given pesticide. Frequent use of the same pesticide kills susceptible individuals but leaves the resistant ones and therefore selects a strain of the pest or disease that contains an increasing number of resistant individuals. Once this resistant proportion reaches a critical level, the lack of control ultimately renders that pesticide useless. This is known as resistance.

What pesticides are prone to resistance?

All pesticides (herbicides, insecticides, miticides and fungicides) are prone to resistance but miticides and some of the fungicides are most at risk. This is because mites and fungi are usually resident in orchards and have a short life cycle. These attributes favour the rapid selection of resistant individuals if pesticide use is heavy.

Many of the new generation fungicides were developed for a specific disease and have a very specific mode of action. This means that they often have only single-site activity. Many of the older fungicides have multi-site activity and as a consequence the newer fungicides are more prone to the diseases developing resistance to them.

If the same fungicide is used repeatedly it will allow the resistant spores to multiply until almost all spores are resistant and unaffected by the fungicide. Often when a disease becomes resistant to a particular fungicide it is resistant to other fungicides in the same activity group. The DAFWA webpage on herbicide resistance offers further detail.

How do I avoid or delay resistance?

All new pesticide products have resistance management strategies included on the label. It is important that pesticides are applied using the correct dilutions and application rate and that the resistance management guidelines given on the label are followed.

Some of the key factors to avoid or delay resistance are based on the principles of Integrated Pest Management and include:

● Predators — There may be opportunity to introduce predators for pest control or suppression. This may reduce the pest to a level where a pesticide is not required or reduce the number of sprays required. Also be aware of any other pesticides that are harmful to predators, either natural or introduced. If available, select pesticides that are least harmful to natural enemies.

● Cultural control methods — Using such techniques as vineyard hygiene can reduce the pest population and subsequently reduce exposure to pesticide.

● Pest monitoring — This will determine when a pest or disease is present and help decide whether a spray is required, and if required, the optimum time to apply it.

● Pesticide use — Many pesticides are listed to be used only a specific number of times in a season. Some miticides should only be used once per season. If multiple sprays are required then alternate between different activity groups.

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CropLife Australia

CropLife Australia represents the developers, registrants, manufacturers and formulators of plant science solutions for use in agriculture and the management of pests in other settings. This group has developed Pesticide Resistance Management Strategies and Activity Group Identification to assist in reducing the development of resistance to pesticides for a range of agricultural pests.

The following CropLife Australia information identifies the resistance management strategies for fungicides that are at risk and are used in viticulture. These strategies were developed by the CropLife Australia Fungicide Resistance Management Review Group and industry researchers.

The strategies are a guide only and do not endorse particular products, groups of products or cultural methods in terms of their performance. Always follow the product label for specific use instructions. While all effort has been taken with the information supplied in this document no responsibility, actual or implied, is taken for the day to day accuracy of product or active constituent specific information. Readers should check with the Australian regulator’s (APVMA) product data base for contemporary information on products and actives. The data base can be sourced through apvma.gov.au. The information given in the strategies is provided in good faith and without any liability for loss or damage suffered as a result of its application and use.

Advice given in these strategies is valid as at 25 June 2015. All previous versions of this strategy are invalid.

Downy mildew

Fungicide activity group(s)

Group 4

(phenylamide)

Group 11

(quinone outside inhibitor)

Group 40

(carboxylic acid amide)

Resistance management strategy

1. Start disease control sprays using a protectant or non-phenylamide fungicide and continue spraying at intervals of 7−21 days depending on disease pressure and rate of grapevine growth, typically when the shoots are 10cm (E-L 12 stage) or longer.

2. When conditions favour disease development, apply two consecutive sprays of a Group 4 product. Do not apply more than two consecutive sprays of a Group 4 product. Do not apply more than four sprays of a Group 4 product per season.

3. Do not apply more than three consecutive sprays of a Group 40 fungicide, and no more than a total of six sprays per season.

4. Do not apply more than two sprays per season of Group 11 fungicides. If two consecutive applications of Group 11 fungicides are used, then they must be followed by at least the same number of applications of fungicide(s) from a different group(s), before a Group 11 fungicide is used again, either in the current or following season.

5. Apply Group 11 fungicides preventatively.

6. Apply a maximum of two consecutive applications in alternation with fungicides from a different Mode Of Action group with satisfactory efficacy against the target pathogen/s.

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Powdery mildew

Fungicide activity group(s)

Group 3

(DMI)

Group 5

(amine)

Group 7

(succinate dehydrogenase

inhibitors)

Group 11

(quinone outside inhibitor)

Group 13

(aza-napthalenenes)

Group U6

(phenyl-acetamide)

Group U8

(actin inhibitor)

Resistance management strategy

1. Do not apply more than two consecutive sprays of a Group 3 or Group U6 fungicide.

Do not apply more than three Group 3 sprays per season.

Do not use Group 3 fungicides curatively.

2. Do not apply more than two consecutive sprays of a Group 5 fungicide.

Do not apply more than three Group 5 sprays per season.

3. Do not apply consecutive sprays of Group 7 fungicides, including from the end of one season to the start of the following season.

Do not apply more than three Group 7 sprays per season.

4. Apply Group 11 and other systemic fungicides preventatively.

5. Do not apply more than two sprays per season of Group 11 or Group U6 fungicides.

6. Where Group 11 products have been routinely used for many seasons, field research indicates there is an increased risk of powdery mildew resistance to Group 11 fungicides occurring. To ensure continued protection against powdery mildew in these circumstances, either abstain from using Group 11s or mix Group 11 fungicides with a registered rate of a compound from an alternative chemical group for the control of powdery mildew in grapes.

7. Alternatively, if applied alone, Group 11 fungicides should be used in strict alternation with fungicides from an alternative chemical group for the control of powdery mildew in grapes.

8. Do not apply more than two consecutive sprays of a Group 13 fungicide.

Do not apply more than three Group 13 sprays per season.

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Grey mould (bunch rot)

Fungicide activity group(s)

Group 2

(dicarboximide)

Group 7

(succinate dehydrogenase

inhibitors)

Group 9 (anilinopyrimidine)

and combinations of Group 9

and Group 12 (phenylpyrroles)

Group 11 (quinone outside

inhibitor) and combinations of

Group 11 and Group 3 (DMI)

Group 17 (hydroxyanilide)

Resistance management strategy

1. If three or fewer bunch rot sprays are applied in a season, use no more than one spray from the same fungicide group during the season, for any Group 2, 9 (including combinations with Group 12), 11 (including combinations with Group 3), 17 or 7 fungicides.

2. If four or more bunch rot sprays are applied in a season, use no more than two sprays from the same fungicide group during the season, for any Group 2, 9 (including combinations with Group 12), 11 (including combinations with Group 3), 17 or 7 fungicides.

3. Do not apply more than two consecutive sprays from the same fungicide group, for any Group 2, 9 (including combinations with Group 12) or Group 17 fungicide, including from the end of one season to the start of the following season.

4. Do not apply consecutive sprays of Group 7 fungicides, including from the end of one season to the start of the following season.

5. Do not apply more than two sprays per season of Group 11 (including combinations with Group 3) fungicides. If two consecutive applications of Group 11 (including combinations with Group 3) fungicides are used, then they must be followed by at least the same number of applications of fungicide(s) from a different group(s) before a Group 11 (including combinations with Group 3) fungicide is used again, either in the current or following season.

6. If a Group 11 fungicide is used solo, it should only be used in strict alternation with fungicides from a different cross-resistance group.

7. If resistance to a fungicide group has been detected, only use that fungicide group in mixtures or in strict alternation with fungicides from a different cross resistance group. A fungicide group that has been applied as the final application of the season should not be the first fungicide in the following season.

8. Do not apply fungicides curatively.

9. Late season fungicide treatments should be applied before Botrytis infection reaches unacceptably high levels in the vineyard.

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Agrochemicals registered for use in Australian viticulture

The AWRI produces an annual publication titled Agrochemicals registered for use in Australian viticulture, commonly known as the ‘Dog book’. This provides information on agrochemicals for use in the production of grapes for export wine, and any restriction on their use.

The booklet is distributed free to all wineries that pay the wine research levy but can also be freely accessed from the AWRI agrochemicals webpage. Growers are recommended to utilise this publication through the app or online search function so to ensure information is up-to-date.

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HortGuardTM

HortGuardTM is an initiative of the Western Australian Government to protect the $719 million horticultural industry from major pests and diseases.

It is a coordinated, cooperative and strategic approach between industry and government to protect WA's horticulture and viticulture industries by minimising threats to production and markets from regional quarantine pests or diseases to the State. Regional threats are pests or diseases of potential economic importance to WA that are present in other Australian states but absent in WA. Exotic pests or diseases to Australia that are threats to viticulture are managed under the National Viticulture Industry Biosecurity Plan and the Emergency Plant Pest Response Deed, which are administered by Plant Health Australia.

HortGuardTM focuses on the key areas of surveillance, early reporting and preparedness. Effective control of any pest or disease requires early detection, correct identification and decisive management planning. Training staff to report unusual pests and diseases, and seek professional advice on control techniques are the first steps in pest and disease management.

HortGuardTM focuses on seven key strategies:

threat identification and risk assessment

barrier quarantine

surveillance

incident response

containment, eradication and management

research and development

communications and training.

The Horticulture Industry Biosecurity Committee operating under HortGuardTM provides a forum for WA horticulture industries and DAFWA to consult on matters that relate to biosecurity, chemical residues and market access issues.

AGWEST Plant Laboratories provide commercial agricultural testing services to assist in the identification of pests, diseases and weeds.

The MyPestGuide - grapes ‘app’ is an e-surveillance tool being developed for pest and disease identification and reporting. It will be available for both AppleTM and GoogleTM based mobile phones and tablets from January 2016. Images of the pest or disease can be submitted electronically for identification by experts through DAFWA.

Industry is encouraged to report any suspect issues via the MyPestGuide – grapes app (when available) or to the points of contact below:

Industry Wines of Western Australia

Larry Jorgensen, CEO

PO Box 2091, Claremont North WA 6010

Tel: +61 (0)8 9284 3355 Fax: +61 (0)8 9284 4211 Email: winewa@winewa.asn.au Website: winewa.asn.au

20

Government Department of Agriculture and Food,

John van Schagen, Chief Plant Quarantine Officer

Locked Bag 4, Bentley Delivery Centre WA 6983

Tel: +61 (0)8 9368 3765

Mob: +61 (0)404 819 515

Fax: +61 (0)8 9474 2405

Email: john.vanschagen@agric.wa.gov.au

For enquiries about HortGuardTM contact:

Bill Trend, Policy Officer

Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia

Locked Bag 4

Bentley Delivery Centre WA 6983

Tel: +61 (0)8 9368 3535

Mob: +61 (0)437 995 808

Fax: +61 (0)8 9367 6248

Email: bill.trend@agric.wa.gov.au

21

Spray options

Diseases

* Restriction on use for wine grapes. This information is based on the 2015 ‘Dog book’ Agrochemicals registered for use in Australian viticulture 15/16, by M

Essling and A Lord, The Australian Wine Research Institute, Adelaide, May 2015.

** Rate - Please refer to product labels as many products have concentrate spraying details on the Mixing/Application section of the label.

*** Organic production under ‘Active ingredient’ heading – active ingredient permitted. However, some trade name formulations may be prohibited due to the

inclusion of certain inerts/inactives. Contact relevant organic certification organisation for specific details and restrictions.

N/R – not required when used as directed.

Activity and chemical group

Active ingredient

Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for

wine grapes*

Phomopsis cane and leaf spot (Phomopsis viticola)

Group 29 fungicides unspecified (2,6-dinitro-anilines)

fluazinam Shirlan Gem Emblem

100mL/100L N/R Dormant spray only.

If symptoms of Phomopsis are found samples should be sent to an approved pathology laboratory to identify if it is Phomopsis or Diaporthe or from another cause before any chemical treatments are applied. Dormant spray only Gem and Shirlan have a 32 day re-entry period.

Group M3 fungicides multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)

mancozeb Various registered products containing: 750 or 800g/kg mancozeb as the only active ingredient.

150-200g/100L 30 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain mancozeb after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

Group M3 fungicides multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)

mancozeb Penncozeb 420 SC Mancoflo 420 SC

250–350ml/100L 30 (table grapes)

14 (wine grapes)

Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Do not mix with Bordeaux mixture or lime sulphur. Table grapes: Do not apply to table grapes after flowering has commenced.

22

Activity and chemical group

Active ingredient

Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for

wine grapes*

Group M3 fungicides multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)

metiram Polyram DF 150–200g/100L 14 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain metiram after berries reach 10 mm in diameter.

Group M1 + M3 fungicides – multi-site activity (inorganic and dithiocarbamate)

mancozeb and copper sulphate tribasic

Novofix Disperss 300–350g/100L 14 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain mancozeb or copper sulphate tribasic after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

Group M4 fungicides multi-site activity (phthalimide)

captan Captan WG Captan 800 WG

125g/100L 7 Captan is not recommended for use on grapes destined

for export wines. Captan 900 WG Capitaine 900 WG

110g/100L

Refer to label for compatibility options with other chemicals. Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain captan after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

Group 4 and M4

fungicides phenylamide and multi-site activity (phthalimide)

metalaxyl and captan

Duplex WG 300g/100L 7 Captan is not recommended for use on grapes destined

for export wines.

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain captan after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

Group M9 fungicides multi-site activity quinone (anthraquinone)

dithianon Delan 700 WG Dragon 700 WG

50–75g/100L 21 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Table grapes (Red Globe): dithianon products may cause leaf scorching.

23

Activity and chemical group

Active ingredient

Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for

wine grapes*

Black spot (Elsinoe ampelina)

Group M1 fungicides – multi-site activity (inorganic)

copper oxychloride

Copper oxychloride WP Oxydul DF Cobox 500 WP Curenox 500 WP

500g/100L 1 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Pre-infection only. Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain copper oxychloride after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

Group M1 + M3

fungicides multi-site activity (inorganic and dithiocarbamate)

copper hydroxide and mancozeb

Mankocide DF 200-400g/100L 14 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain mancozeb or copper hydroxide after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

Group M3 fungicides – multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)

mancozeb Various registered products containing: 750 or 800g/kg mancozeb as the only active ingredient.

200g/100L 30 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Kendon Mancozeb 750 DF Kendon Mancozeb 800 KDpc Mancozeb 800 WP

200g/100L or 2–3kg/ha

14

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain mancozeb after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

Group M3 fungicides – multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)

metiram Polyram DF 200g/100L 14 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain metiram after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

24

Activity and chemical group

Active ingredient

Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for

wine grapes*

Group M3 fungicides – multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)

thiram Thiragranz Thiram DG Thiram 800 WG Thiram WP

150g/100L 7 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain thiram after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

Group M3 fungicides – multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)

ziram Ziragranz Ziram DG Ziram WG Ziram Granuflo

150g/100L 7 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain ziram after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

Group 4 + M3 fungicides – phenylamide and multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)

benalaxyl and mancozeb

Galben M 280g/100L or

before flowering 1.9–2.8kg/ha

after flowering 2.8kg/ha

14 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.

Group M4 fungicides multi-site activity (phthalimide)

captan Captan WG Captan 800 WG

125g/100L 7 Captan is not recommended for use on grapes destined

for export wines.

Group M4 fungicides multi-site activity (phthalimide)

Captan 900 WG Capitaine 900 WG

110g/100L

Group 4 and M4

fungicides phenylamide and multi-site activity (phthalimide)

metalaxyl and captan

Duplex WG 300g/100L

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain captan after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

25

Activity and chemical group

Active ingredient

Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for

wine grapes*

Group M5 fungicides multi-site activity chloronitriles (phthalonitriles)

chlorothalonil

Fung-o-nil 500 Elect 500 Whack 500

300mL/100L 7 (table grapes)

14 (wine grapes)

Use no later than E-L 29, berries peppercorn

size (4 mm diameter).

Various registered products containing: 720g/L chlorothalonil as the only active ingredient.

210mL/100L

Various registered products containing: 900g/kg chlorothalonil as the only active ingredient.

175g/100L

Table grapes: Russeting (berry scarring) of some varieties may occur from products that contain chlorothalonil. Do not apply products that contain chlorothalonil after capfall on table grapes.

Group M9 fungicides multi-site activity Quinone (anthraquinone)

dithianon Delan 700 WG Dragon 700 WG

50g/100L 21 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola)

Group 4 + M1

fungicides phenylamide and multi-site activity (inorganic)

metalaxyl-M and copper hydroxide

Ridomil Gold Plus Before flowering 150–225g/100L

After flowering 225g/100L

7 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Axiom Plus Copper Plus Medley Plus Zeemil Plus Metalaxyl and copper oxychloride WP

150g/100L or

before flowering 1-1.5kg/ha

after flowering 1.5kg/ha

Pre- and post-infection. Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain copper hydroxide after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

26

Activity and chemical group

Active ingredient

Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for

wine grapes*

Group 3 fungicides demethylation inhibitor

DMI (triazole) and

Group 11 fungicides quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs) (methoxy acrylate)

tebuconazole and azoxystrobin

Custodia Dilute spraying:

100mL/100L

Concentrate spraying: 1L/Ha

28 Use no later than E-L 29, berries 4mm diameter.

Group 11 fungicides quinone outside inhibitors (Qols) (methoxy acrylate)

azoxystrobin

Various registered products containing: 250g/L azoxystrobin as the only active ingredient

75–100mL/100L 14 Use no later than E-L 29, berries 4mm diameter.

Azoxystrobin 800 WG Avior 800 WG Connect 800 WG

23.5–31.5g/100L

Azoxystrobin 500 WG Spartacus 500 WG

37.5–50g/100L

Titan Azoxystrobin 500 WG 38-50g/100L

Pre-infection only

Group 11 fungicides quinone outside inhibitors (Qols) (oximino acetates)

trifloxystrobin Flint 500 WG (suppression only)

15g/100L 35 Use no later than E-L stage 31, berries pea-size (7mm

diameter).

Pre-infection and Suppression only

Group 11 fungicides quinone outside inhibitors (Qols) (methoxy carbamate)

pyraclostrobin

Cabrio WG 50g/100L (include 10mL of non-ionic

surfactant)

21 Use no later than E-L 31 berries pea-size (7mm

diameter). Do not use within 63 days of harvest.

Cabrio 40mL/100L

Pre-infection only.

27

Activity and chemical group

Active ingredient

Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for

wine grapes*

Group 33 fungicides phosphonates

phosphorous acid

Fungi-Fos 400 pH 7.2

300mL/100L N/R

Not recommended for use on grapes destined for export wines.

Phospot 400 pH 7.2

Phospot 400 Aus-Phoz pH 7.2

Phos Phyt 400

Phozguard 400

300mL/100L

3L/ha early season/small

canopies

Rutec Fungi-Fos 400 3L/ha early season/small

canopies

Various registered products containing: 600g/L phosphorous acid present as the mono and di potassium phosponate.

2L/ha early season/small

canopies

2.7–4L/ha mid–late season/large

canopies

Sprayphos 620 1.9L/ha early season/small

canopies.

2.6–3.9L/ha mid–late

season/large canopies

Fosphite 2.6L/ha early season/small

canopies

3.5-5.2L/ha mid–late season/large

canopies

28

Activity and chemical group

Active ingredient

Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for

wine grapes*

Phostrol 500 2.4L/ha early season/small

canopies

3.25-4.8L/ha mid–late season/large

canopies

Post-infection only

Apply as soon as possible after the infection event and before oil spots appear. Wine grapes: It is advised to contact your winery or grape purchaser prior to the application of any phosphorous acid spray. Table grapes: Phosphorus acid products are recommended for control of downy mildew where sprays need to be applied after berries reach 10mm diameter. Other products may leave unsightly residues on the berries through to harvest.

Group 40 fungicides carboxylic acid amides (cinnamic acid amides)

dimethomorph Acrobat SC

Dilute spraying 36mL/100L +

mancozeb (150g/100L of

mancozeb 800 or 160g/100L

mancozeb 750) or + Polyram at 150–

200g/ 100L

28 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.

Sphinx Downright

Dilute spraying 36mL/100L +

mancozeb (120g/100L of

mancozeb 800 or 160g/100L

mancozeb 750) or + Polyram at 150–

200g/ 100L

Pre-infection only

Dilute spraying apply with mancozeb.

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain dimethomorph or mancozeb after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

29

Activity and chemical group

Active ingredient

Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for

wine grapes*

Group 40 fungicides carboxylic acid amides (mandelic acid amides)

mandiprop-amid

Revus Refer to label N/R Use no later than E-L 26, capfall complete.

Group 45 and 40

fungicides QoSI (triazolo-pyrimidylamine) and carboxylic acid amides

ametoctradin and dimethomorph

Zampro 80mL/100L 28 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.

Pre-infection only

Group M and M

fungicides multi-site activity (inorganic)

hydrogen peroxide + peroxyacetic acid***

Peratec Plus 1L/100L 1 Use no later than 7 days before harvest.

Suppression only. Do not mix with any other pesticides. Peratec Plus fungicide is a non-selective surface sterilant, which will only control diseases where contact has been made; therefore good thorough coverage is required.

30

Activity and chemical group

Active ingredient

Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for

wine grapes*

Group M1 fungicides – multi-site activity (inorganic)

copper oxychloride

Various registered products containing: 500g/kg copper oxychloride as the only active ingredient

250g/100L 1 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Barmac Copper Oxychloride

250g/100L or 2.5kg/ha

Copper Oxychloride 500 WP Oxydul DF Cobox 500 WP Curenox 500 WP

250–400g/100L

Isacop 375 WG Neoram 375 WG

270g/100L

Coppox WG 200g/100L

copper ammonium acetate complex

Cop-it 500mL/100L 1 (table grapes)

28 (wine grapes)

copper ammonium complex

Copperguard Liquicop

500mL/100L 1 (table grapes)

28 (wine grapes)

copper octanoate

Tricop 1L/100L 1

31

Activity and chemical group

Active ingredient

Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for

wine grapes*

cuprous oxide***

Red copper WG 150–195g/100L

Nordox 750 WG 100–130g/100L

copper sulphate tribasic***

Tri-Base Blue Tribasic liquid

250–350mL/100L

Bordeaux WG 250-350g/100L

Cuprofix Disperss 250–400g/100L

copper hydroxide***

Kocide Opti 80–115g/100L

Hydrocop 95–135g/100L

Champ 500WG 95–131g/100L

Vitra 400 WG 115–165g/100L

Kocide Blue Xtra 135–190g/100L

Champ flowable 350 135–190mL/100L

Cung Fu 350 SC 140–200mL/100L

Blue Shield DF 180–250g/100L

Champ Dry Prill 125–175g/100L

copper oxychloride and sulphur

Mildex WG 300−400g/100L

or

3-4kgs/ha

30

mancozeb and copper hydroxide

Mankocide DF 200–400g/100L 14

Pre-infection only

Table grapes: Do not apply products after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

32

Activity and chemical group

Active ingredient

Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for

wine grapes*

Group M1 and M3

fungicides multi-site activity (inorganic and dithiocarbamate)

mancozeb and copper sulphate tribasic

Novofix Disperss Copman DF

300–350g/100L 14 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Pre-infection only

Table grapes: Do not apply products after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

Group 4 and M3 fungicides – phenylamide and multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)

metalaxy-M and mancozeb

Ridomil Gold MZ WG 250g/100L 14 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Pre- and post-infection

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain mancozeb after berries reach 10mm diameter. Minor phytotoxic reactions on some varieties may occur under certain conditions.

Group 4 and M3 fungicides – phenylamide and multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)

metalaxyl and mancozeb

Axiom MZ 720 Maxyl Zee-mil 720 Metal-Man MZ 720 Milor 720 WP

250g/100L 14 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

metalaxyl and mancozeb

Max MZ 500mL/100L Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

benalaxyl and mancozeb

Galben M 280g/100L or before flowering

1.9–2.8kg/ha, after flowering

2.8kg/ha

Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.

Pre- and post-infection. Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain mancozeb after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

33

Activity and chemical group

Active ingredient

Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for

wine grapes*

Group 4 and M3 fungicides – phenylamide and multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)

propineb and oxadixyl

Rebound WP 250g/100L 3 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.

Pre- and post-infection. Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain oxadixyl after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

Group M3 fungicides multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)

mancozeb Penncozeb 420 SC Mancoflo 420 SC

250–350mL/100L 30 (table grapes)

14 (wine grapes)

Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Pre-infection only

Table grapes: Do not apply to table grapes after flowering has commenced.

Do not mix with Bordeaux mixture or lime sulphur.

Group M3 fungicides multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)

mancozeb Various registered products containing: 750 or 800g/kg mancozeb as the only active ingredient.

200g/100L 30 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Pre-infection only

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain mancozeb after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

Group M3 fungicides multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)

metiram Polyram DF 200g/100L 14 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.

Pre-infection only

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain metiram after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

Group M3 fungicides multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)

zineb Zineb 150g/100L 7 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.

Pre-infection only

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain zineb after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

34

Activity and chemical group

Active ingredient

Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for

wine grapes*

Group 4 and M4

fungicides phenylamide and multi-site activity (phthalimide)

metalaxyl and captan

Duplex WG 200-300g/L 7 Captan is not recommended for use on grapes destined

for export wines.

Group M4 fungicides multi-site activity (phthalimide)

captan Captan WG Captan 800 WG

125g/100L

Captan 900 WG Capitaine 900 WG

110g/100L

Pre- and post-infection Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain captan after berries reach 10mm in diameter. Refer to label for tank mix restrictions and re-entry period information.

Group M5 fungicides multi-site activity chloronitriles (phthalonitriles)

chlorothalonil Fung-O-Nil 500 Whack 500 230-300mL/100L 7 (table grapes)

14 (wine grapes)

Use no later than E-L 29, berries peppercorn

size (4 mm diameter). Applonil 720 Cheers 720 Chlorothalonil 720

210mL/100L

Various registered products containing: 720g/L chlorothalonil as the only active ingredient

160–210mL/100L

Various registered products containing: 720g/L chlorothalonil as the only active ingredient

1.8–2.3L/ha

Various registered products containing: 720g/L chlorothalonil as the only active ingredient

1.5–1.9kg/ha

Pre-infection only. Table grapes: Russeting (berry scarring) of some varieties may occur from products that contain chlorothalonil. Do not apply products that contain chlorothalonil after capfall on table grapes.

35

Activity and chemical group

Active ingredient

Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for

wine grapes*

Group M9 fungicides multi-site activity quinone (anthraquinone)

dithianon Delan 700 WG

50g/100L (apply a minimum of 500L/ha

at shoots 10–15cm long and a

minimum of 1000L/ha thereafter)

21 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Dragon 700 WG 25g/100L (apply a minimum of 500L/ha

at shoots 10–15cm long and a

minimum of 1000L/ha thereafter)

Pre-infection only

Table grapes (Red Globe): dithianon products may cause leaf scorching.

Botrytis bunch rot or grey mould (Botrytis cinerea)

Group 2 fungicides dicarboximide (dicarboximide)

iprodione Various registered products containing: 500g/L iprodione as the only active ingredient.

100mL/100L 7 Use no later than 7 days before harvest.

Consult your winery or grape purchaser before spraying within 30 days of harvest.

Corvette Liquid Chief 250 Iprodione Liquid 250 Rovral Liquid Ipral 250 Iprin 250 Iprodione 250

200mL/100L

Group 3 fungicides demethylation inhibitor

DMI (triazole) and

Group 11 fungicides quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs) (methoxy acrylate)

tebuconazole and azoxystrobin

Custodia Dilute spraying

100mL/100L

Concentrate spraying: 1L/Ha

28 Use no later than E-L 29, berries 4mm diameter.

36

Activity and chemical group

Active ingredient

Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for

wine grapes*

Group 7 fungicides – Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (pyridine carboxamides)

boscalid Filan 100–120g/ 100L 28

Do not treat vineyards that will or may be grazed by

livestock.

Not recommended for use on grapes destined for

export wines.

Patron 120g/100L

Consult your winery/grape purchaser prior to applying any boscalid spray.

Group 7 fungicides – Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (pyridinyl-ethyl-benzamides)

fluopyram Luna Privilege 40mL/100L 7 Not registered for wine grapes.

This product is currently only registered for table grapes. Wine grape registration pending.

Group 9 fungicides anilinopyrimidine

pyrimethanil Pyrus 400 SC Scala Protector 400 SC

Dilute spraying 200mL/100L

water (max 2L/ha)

Concentrate spraying Flowering:

1.5–2.0L/ha Post-flowering:

2.0L/ha

7 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.

pyrimethanil Predict 600 SC Dilute spraying 133mL/100L

water (max 1.33L/ha)

Concentrate spraying Flowering:

1–1.33L/ha Post-flowering:

1.33L/ha

Table grapes only: use Scala between colour change and harvest, should rain occur during this period. Best results apply before rain. Scala applied after rain will be less effective. Thorough coverage of bunches is critical. White residue may be visible on the berries after spraying, but disappears with time.

37

Activity and chemical group

Active ingredient

Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for

wine grapes*

Group 9 fungicides anilinopyrimidine

cyprodinil Solaris 300 EC 100mL/100L 28 Use no later than E-L stage 29, berries peppercorn size (4mm diameter). Do not use

within 60 days of harvest.

Do not apply at both flowering and growth stage E-L29.

Group 9 and 12

fungicides anilinopyrimidine and phenylpyrrole

cyprodinil/ fludioxonil

Switch Dilute spraying: 80g/100L

Concentrate spraying: 800g/ha

28 Use no later than E-L stage 29, berries peppercorn size (4mm diameter). Do not use

within 60 days of harvest.

See label for further comments to use.

Group 11 fungicides quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs) (methoxy acrylate)

azoxystrobin Various registered products containing: 250g/L azoxystrobin as the only active ingredient

75–100mL/100L 14 Use no later than E-L 29, berries 4mm diameter.

Azoxystrobin 800 WG Avior 800 WG Connect 800 WG

23.5–31.5g/100L

Azoxystrobin 500 WG Spartacus 500 WG

37.5–50g/100L

Titan Azoxystrobin 500 WG 38-50g/100L

Do not use azoxystrobin alone for Botrytis control at critical times.

38

Activity and chemical group

Active ingredient

Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for

wine grapes*

Group 17 fungicides SBI:Class III (hydroxyanilide)

fenhexamid Teldor 500 SC 100mL/100L 21 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.

Table grapes: If Teldor 500 SC is used between colour change and harvest, white residue may be visible on the berries. If the fruit is cool-stored this residue may disappear.

Group M and M

fungicides multi-site activity (inorganic)

hydrogen peroxide + peroxyacetic acid***

Peracetic acid

Peroxy treat 1-2L/100L 1 Use no later than 7 days

before harvest.

Peratec Plus 1L/100L

Suppression only

Do not mix with any other pesticides.

Peratec Plus is a non-selective surface sterilant, which will only control diseases where contact has been made; therefore good thorough coverage is required.

Group 4 and M4

fungicides phenylamide and multi-site activity (phthalimide)

metalaxyl and captan

Duplex WG 300g/100L 7 Captan is not recommended for use on grapes destined

for export wines.

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain captan after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

Refer to label for tank mix restrictions and re-entry period information.

Group M4 fungicides multi-site activity (phthalimide)

captan

Captan Captan 800 WG

125g/100L 7 Captan is not recommended for use on grapes destined

for export wines. Captan 900 WG Capitaine 900 WG

110g/100L

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain captan after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

39

Activity and chemical group

Active ingredient

Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for

wine grapes*

Group M5 fungicides multi-site activity chloronitriles (phthalonitriles)

chlorothalonil Fung-O-Nil 500 Whack 500 230–300mL/100L 7 (table grapes)

14 (wine grapes)

Use no later than E-L 29, berries peppercorn

size (4 mm diameter). Applonil 720 Cheers 720 Chlorothalonil 720

210mL/100L

Various products containing: 720g/L chlorothalonil as the only active ingredient.

160–210mL/100L

Echo 720 Aprisco Chemtura chlorothalonil

1.8–2.3L/ha

Various registered products containing: 900g/kg chlorothalonil as the only active ingredient

1.5–1.9kg/ha

Pre-infection only

Table grapes: Russeting (berry scarring) of some varieties may occur from products that contain chlorothalonil.

Do not apply products that contain chlorothalonil after capfall on table grapes.

Not classified potassium salts of fatty acids***

ecoprotector 20L/ha in 500–1000L

14 Use no later than 14 days before harvest.

Compatible with copper hydroxide and sulphur fungicides. Do not add other pesticides.

40

Activity and chemical group

Active ingredient

Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for

wine grapes*

Powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator)

Group 3 fungicides demethylation inhibitor

DMI (pyrimidine)

fenarimol Rubigan SC 10–20mL/100L 14 Use no later than 35 days before harvest.

Pre-infection only

Some DMIs are not compatible with copper-based products; refer to label.

Group 3 fungicides demethylation inhibitor

DMI (triazole)

hexaconazole Viva 300mL/ha (low-med volume)

30mL/100L (high volume)

21 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.

hexaconazole Hex 50SC 30mL/100L

21

myclobutanil Mycloss Xtra 16mL/100L 14 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

penconazole Topas 100 EC 12.5mL/100L Use no later than E-L 31, berries pea-size. Do not use

within 60 days of harvest.

tebuconazole Laguna Xtreme 800 WG 11.5g/100L 56 Use no later than E-L 29, berries 4mm diameter.

Tebuconazole 800 WG 16g/100L

Tebuconazole 750 WDG 17.2g/100L

Folicur 430 SC Orius 430 SC Tebuconazole 430 SC Zolo 430 SC Launch Tebucon 430 SC Toledo 430 SC

30mL/100L

tetraconazole Domark 40 ME 30mL/100L 14 Use no later than E−L 31,

41

Activity and chemical group

Active ingredient

Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for

wine grapes*

Mettle 40 ME berries pea-size (7mm diameter). Do not use within

60 days of harvest.

triadimenol Triadimenol 250 EC Tridim 250 EC Axidime 250 EC Triad

10mL/100L or 10mL/ha

7 Use no later than 35 days before harvest.

Bayfidan 250 EC 10mL/100L

Allitron 7mL/100L

triadimefon Slingshot fungicide Triad 125 Triadimefon 125

20mL/100L 14

Group 3 fungicides demethylation inhibitor

DMI (triazole) and

Group 11 fungicides quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs) (methoxy acrylate)

tebuconazole and azoxystrobin

Custodia Dilute spraying:

65 or 100mL/100L

Concentrate spraying: 1L/Ha

28 Use no later than E-L 29, berries 4mm diameter.

Pre-infection only

Group 5 fungicides amines morpholines (spiroketalamine)

spiroxamine Prosper 500 EC 60mL/100L 28 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall

Pre-infection only. Do not apply more than one late season Prosper spray.

42

Activity and chemical group

Active ingredient

Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for

wine grapes*

Group 7 fungicides – Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (pyridine carboxamides)

boscalid Filan 100-120g/100L Harvest: 28

Grazing: Do not treat vineyards that will or may be grazed by

livestock.

Not recommended for use on grapes destined for

export wines.

Pre-infection only

Consult your winery/grape purchaser prior to the application of any boscalid spray.

Group 7 fungicides – Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (pyridinyl-ethyl-benzamides)

fluopyram Luna Privilege 15mL/100L 7 Not registered for wine grapes.

Pre-infection only

This product is currently only registered for table grapes. Wine grape registration pending.

Group 11 fungicides quinone outside inhibitors (Qols) (methoxy carbamate)

pyraclostrobin Cabrio WG 50g/100L (include 10mL of non-ionic

surfactant)

21 Use no later than E-L 31, berries pea-size, (7mm

diameter). Do not use within 63 days of harvest.

Cabrio 40mL/100L 21

Group 11 fungicides quinone outside inhibitors (Qols) (oximino acetates)

trifloxystrobin Flint 500 WG 15g/100L 35 Use no later than E−L 31, berries pea-size (7mm

diameter).

Pre-infection only.

43

Activity and chemical group

Active ingredient

Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for

wine grapes*

Group 11 fungicides quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs) (methoxy acrylate)

azoxystrobin Various registered products containing: 250g/L azoxystrobin as the only active ingredient

75−100mL/100L 14 Use no later than E-L 29, berries 4mm diameter.

Azoxystrobin 800 WG Avior 800 WG Connect 800 WG

23.5–31.5g/100L

Azoxystrobin 500 WG Spartacus 500 WG

37.5–50g/100L

Titan Azoxystrobin 500 WG 38-50g/100L

Pre-infection only.

The higher rate refers specifically to powdery mildew management (refer to product label).

Group 13 fungicides aza-naphthalenes (aryloxyquinoline)

quinoxyfen Legend 10–20mL/100L 14 Use no later than E-L 34, (before start of veraison). Do

not use within 42 days of harvest.

Group 13 fungicides aza-naphthalenes (quinazolinone)

proquinazid Talendo 25mL/100L 28 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Pre-infection only

44

Activity and chemical group

Active ingredient

Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for

wine grapes*

Group M and M

fungicides multi-site activity (inorganic)

hydrogen peroxide + peroxyacetic acid***

Peratec Plus 1L/100L 1 Use no later than 7 days before harvest

Suppression only

Do not mix with any other pesticides.

Peratec Plus is a non-selective surface sterilant, which will only control diseases where contact has been made; therefore thorough coverage is required.

Group M1 and M2

fungicides multi-site activity (inorganic)

copper oxychloride and sulphur

Mildex WG 300−400g/ 100L

OR

3-4kgs/ha

30 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Pre-infection only

Refer to product label for information on use of sulphur with oil products.

There is a risk of phytotoxicity if sulphur is applied on hot and humid days, or if crop is suffering moisture stress.

Group M1 fungicides – multi-site activity (inorganic)

copper ammonium acetate complex

Cop-it 500mL/100L 1 (table grapes)

28 (wine grapes)

Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

copper ammonium complex

Copperguard Liquicop

Pre-infection only. Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain copper ammonium acetate after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

45

Activity and chemical group

Active ingredient

Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for

wine grapes*

Group M2 fungicides multi-site activity (inorganic)

sulphur*** Barmac Wettable Sulphur

200−300g/ 100L N/R Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Liquisulf 700 SC 230−400mL/ 100L

Various registered products containing: 800g/L sulphur as the only active ingredient

200−350mL/ 100L

Various registered products containing: 800g/kg sulphur as the only active ingredient

Table grapes: 100−200g/ 100L

Wine grapes only: 200−600g/ 100L

Dusting Sulphur Refer to label Use no later than 12 weeks before harvest.

Pre-infection only

There is a risk of phytotoxicity if sulphur is applied on hot and humid days.

Do not mix sulphur with oils.

Refer to product label regarding further restrictions on use of sulphur with oil products.

Not classified potassium bicarbonate***

Ecocarb 400g/100L + 200mL Synertrol

Horti-Oil

N/R Use no later than 7 days before harvest.

Post-infection only

Ecocarb is a contact fungicide containing activated potassium bicarbonate that requires direct contact with the fungus for control.

Ecocarb is highly alkaline. Do not mix with acidifying material.

Not classified potassium bicarbonate***

Ecofungicide

40g/10L+ 20mL emulsified vegetable

oil

N/R Use no later than 7 days before harvest.

Post-infection only

Ecofungicide is a contact fungicide containing activated potassium bicarbonate that requires direct contact with the fungus for control.

46

Activity and chemical group

Active ingredient

Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for

wine grapes*

Not classified paraffinic oil BioPest 1L/100L 1 Use no later than E-L 31, berries pea-size (7mm

diameter).

Pre-infection only

Do not spray when temperatures exceed 32°C or vines are suffering moisture stress.

Group U6 fungicides – unknown (phenyl-acetamide)

cyflufenamid Flute 50 EW 35mL/100L 35 Use no later than E-L 31, berries pea-size (7mm

diameter).

Pre-infection only

Do not apply more than two Flute 50 EW fungicide sprays per season and follow the Croplife Australia resistance management guidelines.

Group U8 fungicides – aryl-phenyl-ketone (benzophenone)

metrafenone Vivando 20mL/100L 35 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.

Pre-infection only

47

Activity and chemical group

Active ingredient

Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for

wine grapes*

Eutypa (Eutypa lata)

Not classified Trichoderma harzianum***

Vinevax Bioimplants 1 implant/vine N/R Dormancy treatment

Vinevax Wound Dressing 10g/L spray or 100g/L paste

If symptoms of Eutypa are found samples should be sent to an approved pathology laboratory for correct identification.

Biological control for Eutypa lata

Do not use with other pesticides, fertilisers or other material that may harm the fungus.

Avoid treatment during sap flow in late winter and early spring.

Group 3 fungicides – demethylation inhibitor – DMI (triazole)

tebuconazole Greenseal Apply as paste on wounds

N/R Dormancy treatment

Use during dormant winter months as a pruning dressing.

Group 29 fungicides unspecified (2,6-dinitro-anilines)

fluazinam Emblem 100mL/100L N/R Dormancy treatment

Apply within 24 hrs of pruning

48

Insects, mites and molluscs

* Restriction on use for wine grapes This information is based on the ‘Dog book’ Agrochemicals registered for use in Australian viticulture 15/16 by M Essling and A Lord, The Australian Wine Research Institute, Adelaide, 31 May 2015.

‘NM’ Not mentioned in the Recommendations section of the ‘Dog book.

*** Organic production under “Active ingredient” heading – active ingredient permitted. However some trade name formulations may be prohibited due to the inclusion of certain inerts/inactives. Contact relevant organic certification organisation for specific details and restrictions.

# Use no later than 80% capfall it is essential to contact winery/grape purchaser prior to the application of any 1A, 1B, 2B and 3A insecticide.

N/R – not required when used as directed.

Chemical group Active ingredient Trade names Rate Withholding period (days)

Restriction on use for wine grapes*

African black beetle (Heteronychus arator)

1B insecticide chlorpyrifos suSCon Green 20g/vine N/R NM

Incorporate into 2−4cm of soil surrounding rootlings, during or immediately after transplanting. See label for notes on efficacy and caution regarding vine vigour.

Common garden snail (Helix aspersa), slugs and White Italian snail (Theba pisana)

1A insecticide methiocarb Mesurol Snail and Slug Bait 5.5kg/ha or 1−22kg/ha

7 NM

For most infestations apply low rate. For heavy infestations or where plant growth is tall or dense apply higher rate. Apply April to May for best results. Repeat August to September. See label for other details on application.

Insecticide (molluscicide)

iron EDTA complex*** Multiguard Snail and Slug Killer

15kg/ha 150g/100sq m

7 -

Eradicate Snail and Slug Killer

NM

Apply at 15kg/ha over entire field. If pest is localised, apply only where it occurs.

49

Chemical group Active ingredient Trade names Rate Withholding period (days)

Restriction on use for wine grapes*

Snails and slugs

Insecticide (molluscicide)

metaldehyde Various registered products containing 15−50g/kg metaldehyde as the only active constituent.

Consult label for rates

7 -

Spread pellets evenly. Do not place in heaps. Domestic pets and livestock find the bait attractive and it may kill them.

Snails

Insecticide (molluscicide)

copper*** & silicate salts Socusil Snail Repellent

Consult label for rates

N/R NM

Consists of two components − see label for mixing instructions. Thoroughly wet trunk and infested canes prior to expansion of first new leaves. Do not spray foliage.

Insecticide (molluscicide)

copper as buffered copper complex***

ESCAR-GO

1L/10sq m 1 -

Thoroughly wet trunk and infested canes prior to expansion of the first new leaves. Do not spray on foliage.

Grapevine scale (Parthenolecanium persicae)

1B insecticide chlorpyrifos Various registered products containing 500g/L chlorpyrifos as the only active constituent.

100mL alone or 50mL + 1L winter

oil/100L

Dormant spray only Dormant spray only.

Dormant spray only. Apply following pruning when the vines are dormant. Do not use oil additive after bud swell.

1B insecticide maldison Hy-Mal Insecticide 90mL + 1.3L summer oil/100L

water

3 Dormant spray only.

Fyfanon 440 EW 230mL + 1.3L summer oil/100L

water

For winegrapes, dormant spray only. Apply during summer−autumn if scale population increases to point where biological control is no longer effective.

50

Chemical group Active ingredient Trade names Rate Withholding period (days)

Restriction on use for wine grapes*

1B insecticide maldison Apparent Maldison 500EC

Nufarm Maldison 500

125mL + 1.3L summer oil/100L

water

3 Dormant spray only.

For application during summer months if scale population increases.

1B insecticide methidathion (dormant treatment)

Suprathion 400 EC

Ridacide 400 EC

125mL/100L Dormant spray only. Dormant spray only.

Apply during winter months prior to bud movement.

1B insecticide

methidathion (spring and summer treatment)

Suprathion 400 EC

Ridacide 400 EC

75mL/100L 14 NM

Spring−summer treatment: Spray during late November−December. For late table grapes, spray early November and again late December. Thorough coverage is essential.

1B insecticide azinphos-methyl Benthion 200 Gusathion 200 SC

245mL + dormant oil

1L/100L

14 Dormant spray only.

Spot spraying of infested vines is usually enough. See label.

Unspecified class petroleum oil*** Various registered products containing approx. 850g/L petroleum oil as active ingredient

3L/100L Dormant spray only Dormant spray only.

paraffinic petroleum oil***

Bioclear

Biopest

Trump Spray Oil

Dormant spray only. Apply following pruning when the vines are dormant. Preferable to apply after pruning when 90% crawlers have emerged.

51

Chemical group Active ingredient Trade names Rate Withholding period (days)

Restriction on use for wine grapes*

Bud mite (Colomerus vitis)

M2 fungicide/ miticide sulphur as a polysulphide***

Lime Sulphur Various registered products containing ~200g/L polysulphide as active ingredient

10L/100L N/R Apply as near as possible to budburst.

Spread of mites is checked by sulphur treatments used for powdery mildew.

M2 fungicide/ miticide sulphur, present as elemental or crystalline sulphur***

Various registered products Rates vary depending upon percent active.

Check label carefully.

Consult label Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

These are registered for mites in general. Application methods and timing vary dependent on product check label carefully.

Grapeleaf blister mite (Colomerus vitis)

M2 fungicide/ miticide sulphur as a polysulphide***

Lime Sulphur Various registered products containing approx. 200g/L polysulphide as active ingredient

10L/10L N/R Apply as near as possible to budburst.

Spread of mites is checked by sulphur treatments used for powdery mildew.

M2 fungicide/ miticide sulphur, present as elemental or crystalline sulphur***

Various registered products containing sulphur.

Rates vary depending upon

percentage active ingredient. Check

label carefully.

Consult label Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Some products are registered for grapeleaf blister mite and others for mites in general. Application methods and timing vary depending on product. Note caution on some labels in relation to applications of oil. Check label carefully. During summer, build-up of mites is checked by sulphur spraying for powdery mildew. An application immediately after picking may aid control in vineyards where mites are a severe problem.

52

Chemical group Active ingredient Trade names Rate Withholding period (days)

Restriction on use for wine grapes*

Grapeleaf rust mite (Calepitrimerus vitis) and bunch mite (Brevipalpus sp.)

M2 fungicide/ miticide sulphur, present as elemental or crystalline sulphur***

Various registered products containing sulphur.

Rates vary depending upon percent active

ingredient. Check label carefully.

Consult label. Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Some products are registered for grapeleaf rust mite and others for mites in general. Application methods and timing vary depending on product. Note caution on some labels in relation to applications of oil. Check label carefully. During summer, build-up of mites is checked by sulphur spraying for powdery mildew. An application immediately after picking may aid control where mites are severe.

Grapeleaf rust mite (Calepitrimerus vitis)

M2 fungicide/ miticide sulphur as a polysulphide***

Lime Sulphur Various registered products containing ~200g/L polysulphide as active ingredient

10L/100L N/R Apply as near as possible to budburst.

Do not apply if freezing weather is predicted or air temperature greater than 32C. Do not apply within 2 weeks of an oil spray.

12A insecticide fenbutatin oxide Torque Miticide 20−40mL/100L 14 (table grapes) NM

Table grapes only. APVMA permit PER13378 expires 30 September 2017. Maximum of one application per season.

European earwig (Forficula auricularia)

1B insecticide chlorpyrifos Various registered products containing: 500g/L chlorpyrifos as the only active constituent.

5-10kg bait/ha N/R NM

APVMA PER14868 applies to 30 Sept 2019 – a South Australian permit which can be referred to for the same use in WA. Apply bait once in late winter/spring using a fertiliser spreader. Use higher rate for heavy infestations. Where birds are used for pest management DO NOT apply.

3A insecticide pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide

Py-Bo 100mL/100L 1 NM

Thorough coverage of all foliage is essential.

53

Chemical group Active ingredient Trade names Rate Withholding period (days)

Restriction on use for wine grapes*

22A insecticide indoxacarb Avatar 17g/100L 56 NM

Suppression only. Only apply treatments if damage is likely to occur. Do not apply after pre-bunch closure (growth stage) E-L 31.

Mealybug (Fam. Pseudococcidae)

1B insecticide diazinon Diazinon 30mL/100L 14 NM

Spray during late November-December. For late table grapes, spray early November, again late December and follow up if necessary. Thorough coverage is essential.

1B insecticide maldison Hy-Mal 90mL/100L 3 NM

Apparent Maldison 500EC Nufarm Maldison 500

200mL/100L

Apply when the pest first appears.

1B insecticide maldison Fyfanon 440 EW 230mL/100L 3 NM

Apply when the pest first appears and repeat if pest population increases.

Insecticide, spray adjuvant

paraffinic oil*** Bioclear Biopest Trump Spray Oil

4-6L with 306-460L/ha

of water

N/R Dormant spray only.

A tank mix using insecticide improves control.

Insecticide, spreader petroleum oil*** Biocover 4-6L with 306-460L/ha

of water

N/R NM

Dormant spray only. A tank mix using insecticides improves control.

23 insecticide spirotetramat Movento 240 SC 40ml/100L with adjuvant

See label for concentrate rates

28 Use no later than EL 18 (14 leaves separated, flower caps still in place but cap colour fading from green)

Apply no earlier than EL 13. Continue to monitor crops and apply a second application 21 to 28 days after the first application if necessary. Table grapes: do not harvest until 4 weeks after application. Also registered for suppression of grapevine scale, plague thrips and northern plague thrips.

54

Chemical group Active ingredient Trade names Rate Withholding period (days)

Restriction on use for wine grapes*

Longtailed mealybug (Pseudococcus longispinus)

1B insecticide methidathion Suprathion 400 EC

Ridacide 400EC

125mL/100L 14 NM

Spray during late November- December. For late table grapes, spray early November and again late December. Thorough coverage is essential.

1B insecticide prothiofos Tokuthion 100mL/100L 56 table grapes only

-

This product is not registered for use on wine grapes. Table grapes only: Apply by dilute spraying equipment in early to mid-December after bunch and berry thinning is completed. Spray both sides of vines thoroughly to run-off, using at least 2000L/ha of water. Concentrate spraying is not appropriate for this use.

16 insecticide

buprofezin Applaud Strident Scale and bug

30-60mL/100L 56 table grapes

Use no later than 80% capfall.

Apply twice, 14-21 days apart, starting when the first emergence of crawlers is observed. Use the high rate when heavy infestations occur and/or where IPM systems have not effectively managed pest populations. Note caution on label if releasing predators.

4A insecticide clothianidin Samurai 40g/100L 42 table grapes only

-

This product is not registered for use on wine grapes as a foliar spray. Table grapes only. Dilute foliar spray.

4A insecticide clothianidin Samurai 600g/ha N/R NM

Soil application for wine and table grapes. Apply between budburst and 80% capfall. See label for more information.

4C Insecticide sulfoxaflor Transform 30 – 40mL/100L table grapes

7 -

Use the 40 mL/100 L rate in up to 1,000 litres per ha. If using higher application volumes, dilute accordingly. Do not exceed a total use of 400 mL of product per /ha in a single application. Use the higher rate for mid-late season application to ensure adequate coverage. If bees are present in the target area during flowering, refer to PROTECTION OF LIVESTOCK direction on the label before applying sulfoxaflor.

55

Chemical group Active ingredient Trade names Rate Withholding period (days)

Restriction on use for wine grapes*

4C Insecticide sulfoxaflor Transform 30 mL/100 L wine grapes

Do not apply later than 80% capfall

NM

Use the 30 mL/100 L rate in up to 1,000 litres per ha. If using higher application volumes, dilute accordingly. Do not exceed a total use of 300 mL of product per /ha in a single application. If bees are present in the target area during flowering, refer to PROTECTION OF LIVESTOCK direction on the label before applying sulfoxaflor.

Cluster caterpillar (Spodoptera litura)

With a change in regulations to the Health Act, products registered for use on grapes to control other moth pests can be used to control cluster caterpillar.

Grasshoppers

1A Insecticide carbaryl Cricket and Grasshopper Killer Bait

60kg/ha 100 pellets/ sq m

N/R NM

Broadcast pellets over area to be treated. Do not heap pellets or apply near water bodies.

Wingless grasshopper (Phaulacridium vittatum)

1B insecticide fenitrothion Various registered products containing: 1000g/L fenitrithion as the only active constituent.

300mL/ha 14 NM

Usually invades vineyards from surrounding pasture. Monitor for source and treat with sprays or baits in pasture against nymphs. Birds are effective predators.

22A insecticide indoxacarb Avatar 17g/100L 56 Use no later than E-L 31 but do not use within 56

days of harvest.

Spray when local thresholds have been reached and damage is being observed. Thorough coverage is essential. Do not repeat within 10 days.

56

Chemical group Active ingredient Trade names Rate Withholding period (days)

Restriction on use for wine grapes*

Nymphs of some grasshoppers and locusts including Wingless grasshopper (Phaulacridium vittatum) and Australian plague locust (Chortoicetes terminifera)

Biological insecticide Metarhiziun anisopliae var. acridium spores***

Green Guard SC Premium

500mL in 75-225L/ha

See label for

instructions on rate.

N/R 24 hour

re-entry period.

Use no later than 7 days before harvest.

Refer to label for details on this biological control agent and preparing the products for application.

Australian plague locust (Chortoicetes terminifera)

1B insecticide diazinon Diazinon

65mL/100L 14 NM

Spray during late November-December. For late table grapes, spray early November, again late December and follow up if necessary. Thorough coverage is essential.

1B insecticide fenitrothion Various registered products containing: 1000g/L fenitrithion as the only active constituent.

270-400mL/ha 14 NM

Refer to label for instructions on spray procedures and buffer zones.

Apple weevil (Otiorhynchus cribricollis): primarily overwintering adults, insecticides for garden weevil can be used to control apple weevil also.

3A insecticide alpha-cypermethrin (non-bearing vines only)

Various registered products containing alpha-cypermethrin (100g/L)

100mL/100L Non-bearing vines only.

NM

Monitor young vines during spring and early summer and apply at the first signs of leaf damage. Spray the leaves, canes and the soil around each vine to a diameter of 30cm. 70−80mL of dilute spray should be sufficient for each vine. If pest infection persists, a second application may be required after 3 weeks. Apply the same total amount to the target crop whether applying this product by dilute or concentrate spraying methods. Consult label.

57

Chemical group Active ingredient Trade names Rate Withholding period (days)

Restriction on use for wine grapes*

Garden weevil (Phlyctinus callosus)

3A insecticide alpha-cypermethrin Various registered products containing alpha-cypermethrin (100g/L)

100mL/100L Non-bearing vines only.

NM

Monitor young vines during spring and early summer. Apply at first signs of leaf damage. Spray leaves, shoots and soil around each vine to a diameter of 30cm. 70−80mL of dilute spray should be sufficient for each vine. If pest infection persists, a second application may be required after 3 weeks.

3A insecticide esfenvalerate Sumi-Alpha Flex 30mL/100L N/R NM

Do not apply last application later than growth stage E-L 31 (berries peasize). Apply after peak weevil emergence in late spring but before damage. Apply at least 500L of solution per hectare at night. Second application 2-4 weeks later may be required. This product may cause outbreak of secondary pests. Do not apply more than twice per season.

22A insecticide indoxacarb Avatar 17g/100L 56 Use no later than E-L 31 (before bunch closure)

but do not use later than 56 days before harvest.

Apply when damage to canopy observed. Thorough coverage essential. Monitor after spraying. Maximum of two applications per season. Do not use more than two consecutive seasons.

Common auger beetle (Xylopsocus gibbicollis)

1B insecticide methidathion Suprathion 400 EC Ridacide 400 EC

125mL/100L 14 NM

Spray during spring and preferably at monthly intervals or at first signs of adult feeding or egg laying activity.

58

Chemical group Active ingredient Trade names Rate Withholding period (days)

Restriction on use for wine grapes*

Lightbrown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana)

1B insecticide azinphos methyl Benthion 200 Gusathion 200 SC

245mL/100L 14 NM

Apply 3-4 weeks after flowering and later as required.

1B insecticide chlorpyrifos Various products containing: chlorpyrifos (500g/L).

50mL/100L 14 NM

Cyren 500 WP 50g/100L or 500g/ha

Lorsban 750 WG 33g/100L or 333g/ha

Make first application just after berry set. Repeat as required.

1B insecticide methidathion Suprathion 400 EC Ridacide 400 EC

125mL/100L 14 NM

Spray when caterpillars are first noticed and repeat applications if necessary at 14−21 day intervals.

28 insecticide chlorantran-iliprole Altacor 9g + non-ionic surfactant at 5mL/100L

56 Use no later than 80% capfall.

Do not apply after bunch closure. Max of two applications. See label for details. See instructions regarding drift to non-target crops.

11C insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki***

Dipel DF Delfin WG

25−1000g/100L Check label

N/R May be used until harvest.

Biocrystal 25mL-1L/100L

Bacchus WG 50-200g/100L

Check label

When caterpillars or their damage first appear spray both sides of all foliage. Respray at 7−14 day intervals or as required.

59

Chemical group Active ingredient Trade names Rate Withholding period (days)

Restriction on use for wine grapes*

1A insecticide methomyl Various products containing methomyl (225g/L).

150mL/100L 7 NM

Apply during early shoot growth/ flowering and then just prior to bunch closure if lightbrown apple moth is noted. Control at later stages of bunch development is difficult.

18 insecticide methoxy-fenozide Prodigy 25mL/100L 21 Use no later than 80% capfall.

Read label for more information.

22A insecticide indoxacarb Avatar 17g/100L 56 Use no later than E-L 31 (before bunch closure)

but do not use later than 56 days before harvest.

Applications to be timed for each egg hatch. Thorough fruit coverage is essential. Maximum of three applications to each crop. Wine grapes Do not apply after bunch closure. Read label carefully for comments on spraying methods.

3A insecticide garlic + chilli + pyrethrins + piperonyl butoxide

Beat-a-bug Concentrate

2.5L/100L 1 NM

Spray crops at the first sign of insect attack ensuring complete spray coverage of foliage. Re-apply when necessary.

6A insecticide Emamectin benzoate Proclaim 15g/100L 56 Use no later than E-L 31 (before bunch closure)

but do not use later than 56 days before harvest

Warlock 40mL/100L

Do not apply after bunch closure. Apply in a minimum of 250L/ha. Do not apply more than twice to any fruit crop in any one season. Check label carefully. Do not use on grapes grown for dried fruit production.

5 insecticide spinetoram Delegate 10g/100L 7 Use no later than E-L 31 (before bunch closure).

Target sprays against mature eggs and newly hatched larvae. Do not apply more than four times to any fruit crop in any one season.

Biological control agent

Trichogramma carverae*** Trichogramma parasitic wasp

Refer to supplier recom-mendations

N/R May be used until harvest.

Refer to label.

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Chemical group Active ingredient Trade names Rate Withholding period (days)

Restriction on use for wine grapes*

Grapevine moth (Phalaenoides glycinae)

1B insecticide

chlorpyrifos Various registered products containing: chlorpyrifos (500g/L)

50mL/100L 14 NM

Make first application just after berry set. Repeat as required.

1B insecticide

maldison Hy-Mal 55mL/100L 3 NM

Maldison 500 125mL/100L

Apply when pest first appears.

1B insecticide

maldison Fyfanon 440EW 140mL/100L 3 NM

Apply when pest first appears. Repeat if pest population increases.

1B insecticide

trichlorfon Dipterex 500 SL Lepidex 500

250mL/100L 2 NM

Spray when pests are first seen and repeat if necessary.

1B insecticide

azinphos methyl Benthion 200 Gusathion 200 SC

245mL/100L 14 NM

Apply as required. Read label for application guidelines.

1B insecticide

methidathion Suprathion 400 EC Ridacide 400 EC

65mL/100L 14 NM

Spray when caterpillars are noticed during spring and early summer. Repeat if necessary.

11 insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai***

Bacchus WG 50-200g/100L

Check label

N/R May be used until harvest.

Apply at first sign of infestation as high volume spray, and repeat as required to maintain control of pests.

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Chemical group Active ingredient Trade names Rate Withholding period (days)

Restriction on use for wine grapes*

11 insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki***

Dipel DF Delfin WG

25−1000g/ 100L Check label

N/R May be used until harvest.

Biocrystal 25mL−1L/100L NM

See label for application methods.

1A insecticide methomyl Various registered products containing methomyl (225g/L)

150mL/100L

7 NM

Apply during early shoot growth/flowering if pests are a problem and again just before bunches close, if required. Control of later grub stages is difficult.

6A insecticide emamectin benzoate Proclaim 15g/100L 56 Use no later than E-L 31 (before bunch closure)

but do not use later than 56 days before harvest.

Warlock 40mL/100L

Do not apply after bunch closure. Apply in a minimum of 250L/ha. Do not apply more than twice to any fruit crop in any one season. Do not use on grapes grown for dried fruit production.

5 insecticide spinetoram Delegate 3g/100L 7 Use no later than E-L 31 (before bunch closure).

Target sprays against mature eggs and newly hatched larvae when numbers exceed threshold. Apply at 7–14 day intervals as new infestations occur. Do not apply more than four Group 5 insecticides in any season.

22A insecticide indoxacarb Avatar 8g/100L 56 Use no later than E-L 31 (before bunch closure)

but do not use later than 56 days before harvest.

Apply when local thresholds reached. Thorough coverage essential. Do not re-treat within 10 days. Post-harvest infestations can be treated.

Biological control agent

Trichogramma carverae*** Trichogramma parasitic wasp

Refer to suppliers recommendations

N/R May be used until harvest.

Refer to label.

62

Chemical group Active ingredient Trade names Rate Withholding period (days)

Restriction on use for wine grapes*

28 insecticide chlorantran-iliprole Altacor 9g + non-ionic surfactant @

15g/100L

56 Use no later than 80% capfall.

Do not apply more than two applications per season. Do not apply after bunch closure.

Plague thrips (Thrips imaginis)

3A insecticide tau-fluvalinate Klartan Mavrik Aquaflow

20mL/100L N/R

table grapes only Do not use on wine

grapes.

These products are not registered for use on wine grapes. Table grapes only: Apply just prior to the start of flowering when a significant population of thrips can be found. A second application may be required depending on pest pressure 10−14 days later. This second application must not be applied outside the flowering period.

3A insecticide garlic + chilli + pyrethrins + piperonyl butoxide

Beat-a-bug Concentrate

2.5L/100L 1 NM

Read label for more information.

Thrips (general)

3A insecticide pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide

Py-Bo 100mL/100L 1 NM

Thorough coverage of all foliage is essential.

Cutworm (Agrotis spp.) Trunk treatment

1A insecticide carbaryl Bugmaster

Carbaryl 500

160−200mL/100L N/R NM

Apply at first sign of pest activity around the base of vines and every 2 weeks as necessary. Use higher rate where high insect pressure occurs.

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Chemical group Active ingredient Trade names Rate Withholding period (days)

Restriction on use for wine grapes*

Pink cutworm (Agrotis munda)

3A insecticide alpha-cypermethrin (non-bearing vines only)

Various registered products containing alpha-cypermethrin (100g/L).

100mL/100L Non-bearing vines only.

NM

Monitor young vines during spring and early summer and apply at the first signs of leaf damage. Spray leaves, canes and soil around each vine to a diameter of 30cm. 70−80mL of dilute spray should be sufficient for each vine. If pest infection persists, a second application may be required after 3 weeks.

Caterpillars (general)

3A insecticide garlic + chilli + pyrethrins + piperonyl butoxide

Beat-a-bug Concentrate

2.5L/100L 1 NM

Read label for more information.

Apple looper (Phrissogonus laticostata)

With a change in regulations to the Health Act, products registered for use on grapes to control other moth pests can be used to control apple looper.

Vine moth (Theretra oldenlandiae)

1A insecticide methomyl Various registered products containing 225g/L methomyl

150mL/100L 7 NM

Apply when population indicates need.

Grapevine hawk moth (Hippotion celerio)

1B insecticide azinphos methyl Benthion 200

Gusathion 200 SC

245mL/100L 14 NM

Apply as required. Read label for application guidelines.

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Chemical group Active ingredient Trade names Rate Withholding period (days)

Restriction on use for wine grapes*

Two-spotted mite (Tetranychus urticae)

12A insecticide fenbutatin oxide Torque Miticide 20−40mL/100L 14 -

Table grapes only. APVMA permit PER13378 expires 30 September 2017. Maximum of one application per season.

10B insecticide etoxazole ParaMite 35mL/100L 21 Use no later than 21 days before harvest.

See label for application details.

Rutherglen bug (Nysius vinitor)

3A insecticide garlic + chilli + pyrethrins + piperonyl butoxide

Beat-a-bug Concentrate

1.25L/100L 1 NM

Spray crops at the first sign of insect attack ensuring complete spray coverage of foliage. Re-apply when necessary.

Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) – foliar baiting

1B insecticide trichlorfon Dipterex 500SL Lepidex 500

125mL/16L + 320mL protein

2 NM

Apply as coarse spray to lower foliage at about weekly intervals. Commence application 2 weeks before crop is susceptible or as required by pest monitoring and the program of cover sprays. Heavy rain may necessitate reapplication.

5 insecticide spinosad*** Naturalure fruit fly bait concentrate

1L/ha N/R NM

Refer to label for more information.

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Chemical group Active ingredient Trade names Rate Withholding period (days)

Restriction on use for wine grapes*

Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) – protein baits

Yeast autolysate Bugs for Bugs Fruit Fly lure NATFLAV 500 Fruit Fly lure

2L protein/ 100L water and

insecticide. Add protein first

N/A NM

Yeast hydrolysate Flavex Cera Bait

2L protein/ 100L water and

insecticide. Add protein first

Refer to insecticide labels for details and restrictions on mixing and applying protein baits and insecticides.

Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) – cover spray

1B insecticide maldison Fyfanon 400 EW

Fyfanon 1000 EC

Hy-Mal

140mL/100L

60mL/100L

55mL/100L

3 Table grapes only.

APVMA permit PER13253 expires 31 May 2016. Do not exceed three applications per crop per season with a minimum re-treatment interval of 7 to 10 days.

1B insecticide trichlorfon Dipterex 500 Lepidex 500

250mL/100L 2 Table grapes only.

Table grapes only. PER12439 expires 31 May 2016. Do not exceed six applications per crop per season with a minimum re-treatment interval of 7 days.

Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) – post harvest

1B insecticide dimethoate Various registered products containing dimethoate (400g/L)

75mL/100L N/R NM

Post-harvest foliar and/or ground cover spray. APVMA permit PER13859 expires 31 July 2024. Do not treat any host plants until after final harvest. Do not apply more than 2 applications per host crop following harvest. Produce treated under this permit must not be harvested, collected or supplied for human or animal consumption.

66

Herbicides

Knockdown herbicides

Knockdown herbicides control established weeds only. They may have contact, trans laminar, partially systemic or systemic activity. Ensure

product is registered for application to targeted weed species in Western Australia prior to use.

*** Organic production under ‘Active ingredient’ heading – active ingredient permitted. Some trade name formulations may be prohibited due to

the inclusion of certain inerts / inactives. Contact relevant organic certification organisation for specific details and restrictions.

Resistant group

Active ingredient Trade names Rate

Certain grass weeds

A fluazifop-p as butyl ester Flare 212

Flazz 212 EC

Fluazifop

Fluazifop 212

Fluazifop 212 Post Emergance

Fluazifop-P 212

Fusilade Forte 128 EC

Fusilade Post-Emergence

Fusilade WG

Fuzilier

Resilience

Rootout 212

Salvo 212

Rates vary with target weed species, refer to label.

Apply at not less than 200L/ha. Direct spray to base of vine. Withholding period of 4 weeks applies.

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Resistant group

Active ingredient Trade names Rate

A quizalofop-P-ethyl Agvantage QPE 100 EC

Elantra Xtreme

QPE 200

Quinella Upgrade

Quiza PE 200

65−125mL/100L

quizalofop-P-ethyl Leopard 200 EC

Quatron 200 EC

Quiz 200 EC

Quizalofop 200 EC

Quizalofop-P-Ethyl 200 EC

Targabolt 200

Target 200

65−125mL/ha

quizalofop-P-ethyl Atomic Elantra Leopard Leopard 100 EC QPE 100 Quinella 100 EC Quiz Quiza 99.5 EC

Quizalofop Quizalofop-P-ethyl Quizalofop 99.5 EC Sanction 99.5 EC Sextant Targa Tiger

125−250mL/ha

quizalofop-P-ethyl Tiger Gold 250 50−100mL/ha

quizalofop-P-tefuryl Buzzard

Pantera

125−250mL/100L

Check labels for correct rate. Apply when weeds are growing actively. Thoroughly wet target weeds (especially well established clumps) without causing run-off. Repeated sprays may be necessary for perennial grasses.

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Resistant group

Active ingredient Trade names Rate

Annual and perennial grass weeds

A haloxyfop-methyl ester Convict

Decree 520 EC

Exert 520

Firepower

Halfback 520

Halofop 520

Halomac 520

Halox 520

Haloxyfop

Haloxyfop 520

Haloxyfop 520 EC

Haloxyken 520

Hermes

Inquest

Jasper 520

Jasper 520 EC

Judgement 130

Recon 520

Trekker 520 EC

Verdict 520

Weloxy 520 EC

0.2−0.8L/ha

haloxyfop-methyl ester Haloxyfop 900 EC 0.115L/ha

haloxyfop-methyl ester Asset 0.8−3.2L/ha

Knockdown herbicide. Check label for optimal rates of application for target grass species. Spray should be directed to base of vine avoiding contact with fruit and foliage.

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Resistant group

Active ingredient Trade names Rate

Broadleaf weeds

C+F bromoxynil + diflufenican Bentley

Brom + Diflu

Bromoxynil 250 EC

Bromoxynil diflufenican

Bromoxynil diflufenican 250/25

Cougar

Colt

Derail 275 EC

Difnil 275 EC

Diflu-Brom

Difluken B

Diflufenican + Bromoxynil

Diflufenican 25 + Bromoxynil 250

Difnil 275 EC

Drakar 275 EC

Jaguar

Meerkat

Minder

Nimble

Reckon-B 275EC

Ruger

Rates vary with target weed species, refer to label.

Registered for use in cover crops in vineyards. Apply during vine dormancy only. Contact with vines must be avoided. Particular care must be taken if applied in late autumn or early spring when vines may not be fully dormant. Withholding periods apply for livestock grazing.

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Resistant group

Active ingredient Trade names Rate

Broadleaf weeds and control of unwanted suckers (water shoots) arising from main stem or trunk

G carfentrazone-ethyl Carfentrazone 240 EC

Carfentrazone-ethyl

Carfentrazone-ethyl 240 EC

Elevate

Hammer

Hammer 400 EC

Nail 600 EC

Pound 240

Spike

Spotlight

Spotlight Plus

Rates vary with situation and application method.

Broadleaf weeds Post-emergent herbicide to be added to knockdown herbicides to improve control of certain broadleaf weeds. Apply only as a tank mix with recommended rates and brands of knockdown herbicides.

Unwanted suckers (water shoots) arising from main stem or trunk. Apply to suckers less than 300mm long, before any lignification is present. Read label carefully for further details and restrictions on use due to vine age.

G carfentrazone-ethyl Nail 240 EC Rates vary with situation and application method.

Refer to label for details.

Kikuyu and couch grass

J 2,2-DPA as sodium salt Atlapon

Dalapon 740 SP

10 kg/ha

Vines must be at least 4 years old. Apply direct spray into vine row. Do not exceed 10kg/ha per year. Half rate at 10 to 14 day intervals will improve weed control and minimise risk to vines. Do not allow applications to contact green tissue and buds of vines.

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Resistant group

Active ingredient Trade names Rate

Wide range of grasses and some broadleaf weeds

L paraquat Agroquat 250

Cruze 300

Explode 250

Gramoxone 250

Inferno

Nuquat 250

Para-Ken 250

Para-Ken 334Paradox 250

Paraquat 250

Paraquat 250 SL

Paraquat 350 SL

Parquat 250

Piston 250

Putout 250

Quash 250

Shirquat 250

Sinmosa 250

Sprayquat 250

Spraytop

Spraytop 250 SL

Uniquat 250

1.6−3.2L/ha

paraquat Para-Ken 334 1.2−2.4L/ sprayed ha

Spray as necessary for control of annual weeds. Avoid contacting crop foliage.

L and Q paraquat + amitrole Alliance

Paraglide

Para-Trooper

1.6-3.2L/ha

Refer to label for details.

72

Resistant group

Active ingredient Trade names Rate

Annual grasses and broadleaf weeds

L paraquat + diquat Alarm Blowout Brown Out 250 Burner 250 Combik 250 Combination 250 Di-Par 250 Dibromquat 250 Di-Parr 250 Diquat Paraquat 250 Diquat/Paraquat Diqu-Para 250 Dismantle Eos Exocet 250 Kwiknock 250 Paradat Para-Diquat 250 SC Paradym 250 Paraquat/Diquat Paraquat/Diquat 250

Paraquat + Diquat Paraquat + Diquat 250 Paraquat - Diquat Paraquat Diquat Paraquat Diquat 250 Paraquat Diquat 250 SL Paraquat 135 + Diquat 115 Premier 250 Pre-Seed 250 Putout 250 Revolver Scorcher 250 Speedy 250 Spray & Sow Spray.Seed 250 Spraykill 250 Spray-Out 250 Spray-Plant 250 Titan EOS Uni-Spray 250 Weedy Seedy 250 Wildfire 250

2.4−3.2L/ha

Thoroughly wet plant foliage. Use higher rate for dense more established weed growth.

73

Resistant group

Active ingredient Trade names Rate

Capeweed

L diquat dibromide Desiquat

Desi-Tex 200

Dia-kill 200

Diquat 200

Diquat Dibromide

Hydrogel D

Reglone

Sanction 200

Check label rates.

Check label for direction on additives for effective treatment.

Broad range of annual and perennial weeds

M glyphosate as ammonium salt Bazooka 800 SG

Bazooka Dry 800

Glyphosate 800

Refer to label rates.

Non-selective herbicide. Do not allow spray to contact vines. Do not allow spray or spray drift to contact green bark or stems, canes, laterals, suckers, fresh wounds, buds, foliage or fruit.

M glyphosate-ipa Various products registered containing 360−700g/L glyphosate-ipa.

Refer to label rates.

Non-selective herbicide. Do not allow spray to contact vines. Do not allow spray or spray drift to contact green bark or stems, canes, laterals, suckers, fresh wounds, buds, foliage or fruit.

It is recommended that some products not be used on vines younger than 3 years, check label.

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Resistant group

Active ingredient Trade names Rate

M glyphosate-mas AC Gropwler M

Agrisate 700 SG

Chisel Dry 700 SG

Clearup 700 Bio-Dri

Clearup 700 Dri

Clearup 840 Dri-Flo

Dry 680

Dry-Gly 700

Gladiator Dry 680

Glister 680 SG

Glyder Dry 700

Glydry 700

Glyfos 700 SG

Glymac Dri 700

Glymax 700

Glypho 680 Dry

Glyphogran 680

Glyphosate 680

Glyphosate 700

Glyphosate 700 SG

Glyphosate 840 Dri-Flo

Glyphosate 875

Glyphosate 900

Ken-up Dry 680 WG

Klin-up Dry 680

Knockout Dry 700 SG

Mut 700

Nugget Dry 680 WG

Panzer 680

Rek Herbicide

Roundup Dry

Roundup Ready

Set-Up Dry 680

Smart Dry 680

Sunphosate 680 WG

Supremo 680

Suria 700 SG

Triple Seven

Weedbeest 700

Weedfree Glyphosate Granular

Weedmaster Dry

Wipe-Out Dry 700 SG

Refer to label rates.

glyphosate-ipa + mas Banish 360 Sync

Credit Broadhectare

Non-selective herbicide. Do not allow spray to contact vines. Do not allow spray or spray drift to contact green bark or stems, canes, laterals, suckers, fresh wounds, buds, foliage or fruit. Rate varies considerably depending on the product, application method and targeted weed species. Refer to additional comments on label of selected product.

Some products may be used prior to establishment. Application restrictions may apply depending on vine age and timing of application. Note: product registration may vary depending on targeted weed species.

75

Resistant group

Active ingredient Trade names Rate

M glyphosate-ipa + potassium salt Weedmaster Duo Refer to label rates.

glyphosate – potassium salt Blue Chip 540 Bonzer Clearup 517 K Clearup Impress 540 Eradicator Max 600 Eradicator Ultimate 625 Eradicator X 450 Firebolt Gladiator Optimax Glyder Offense 540 Glyphosate 450 K Salt Glyfos K-Power Glyphosate 495 K Glyphosate 510 K Glyphosate 517 Potassium Glyphosate 540 K Glyphosate 600 Glyphosate K-Tech 500SL

Hi-Load Knockout Pro Loaded 517 Max Out 540 Panzer 540 K Pintobi Attack Potassium Express Potassium Glyphosate Potassium Glyphosate 500 Power Max Roundup Attack Roundup Power MAX Roundup Ultra MAX Touchdown Hitech Warlord 540 Hi-Load Weedmaster Argo Wipe-Out Accelerate

glyphosate – potassium salt + mas Pintobi Roundup Dual Salt Technology Roundup DST Weedmaster

glyphosate mas/acid Bazooka Dry 800 SG Glyphosate 700 SG Glyphosate 900

glyphosate – mea Clearup 450 SL Clearup Bio 360 SL Gone 450 Growler M Smart Gone 450 Sweep 450 Wipe-Out Plus

M+G glyphosate – ipa + carfentrazone Broadway

76

Resistant group

Active ingredient Trade names Rate

Rate varies considerably depending on the product, application method and targeted weed. Refer to additional comments on label of selected product. Some products may be used prior to establishment. Restrictions may apply depending on vine age and timing.

Product registration may vary depending on targeted weed species.

N glufosinate-ammonium Basta

Biffo

Brazen Non-Selective

Capo 200

Cease

Commando 200

Coltura 200

Exile

Exonerate

Exonerate 200 SL

Fascinate 200 SL

Faster TG 200

Fiestar

Gamma

Glufos

Glufosinate

Glufosinate-Ammonium

Glufosinate-Ammonium 200

Glufosinate-Ammonium 200 SL

Glusta 200

Guillotine

Hallmark 200

Ignite

Kelpie G-Fos 200

Muster

Notch 200SL

Sky-7th 200

Weedshot 200

1−5L/ha

Apply as a directed or shielded spray. Avoid contact with green or un-calloused bark. The recommended rate is determined by weed species, stage of growth, density and climatic conditions.

77

Resistant group

Active ingredient Trade names Rate

Broadleaf weeds and grasses

Q amitrole + ammonium thiocyanate AGGRAV8

Amitat

Amitrole 250

Amitrole 47T

Amitrole T

Amon

Illico Non-Selective

Rates vary with brand and target weed species.

Apply when weeds are small and actively growing. Repeat application in 6−8 weeks. Apply as directed spray to weeds only.

Q+L amitrole + paraquat dichloride Alliance

Paratrooper

Rates vary with spray application method.

Registered for use with established grapevines (minimum 3 years-old). Spray young weeds during late winter to spring–summer as required.

Unspecified pine oil*** BioWeed Rates vary with target weed species.

Do not allow spray to contact crop plants.

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Residual herbicides

Residual or pre-emergence herbicides control germinating weed seeds before they emerge, some can be effective up to the two-leaf stage.

Control relies on a chemical barrier in the surface of the soil. Note: ensure product is registered for application to targeted weed species in

Western Australia prior to use.

Resistant group

Active ingredient Trade names Rate

Annual broadleaf weeds and grasses

C simazine Simazine 500

Simazine 500 Flowable

Simazine 500 SC

Simplex 500 SC

2.3−4.5L/ha

Simagranz 1.9−4kg/ha

Gesatop 600 SC

Simanex 600 SC

Simazine 600

Simazine Hi-Load 600

1.9−3.8L/ha

Simaquest 900 WG

Snapper 900 WG

Weed Force Longreach Herbicide

1.3−2.5kg/ha

For use on vines that have been established for a minimum period (check label for details).

In the first year of use, split applications may be preferred. Rate may vary with soil type. Use lowest rate on sandy alkaline soils.

The same product name may differ in chemical application rate.

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Resistant group

Active ingredient Trade names Rate

C simazine Gesatop Granules

Simagen 900 WG

Simanex 900 WG

Simaphos 900 WG

Simazine 900 DF

Simazine 900 WDG

Simazine 900 WG

Stoush 900 WG

Various rates for same product name.

In the first year of use, split applications may be preferred. Rate may vary with soil type. Use lowest rate on sandy alkaline soils.

D pendimethalin Cronos 440EC

Panda 435

Panida Grandé

Pendimethalin 435

Rifle 440

Romper 440EC

Stomp 440

6.7−9L/ha

Do not apply to grapevines after budswell. For best results, apply to soil free of weeds, surface litter and clods. Requires a minimum amount of rain/irrigation soon after application or weed control may be reduced.

D pendimethalin Charger 330 EC

Cyclone 330 EC

Fist 330

Ipimethalin 330

Pendant

Pendimethalin 330

Pendimethalin 330 EC

Pendi 330

Rifle 330

9−12L/ha

Panida Max 6.23−8.33L/ha

Products can affect emergence and growth of certain cover crops if sown into treatment band within 12 months of application (check label for recommendations). Use the higher rate on medium to heavy textured soils and lower rate on light textured soils. Use a directed spray avoiding spray contact with green bark, fruit and foliage.

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Resistant group

Active ingredient Trade names Rate

D pendimethalin Pendimethex 5-6L/ha

Apply as a bare ground treatment. On established plantings, where simazine safety has been proven, simazine may be added as a tank mix at recommended rates. May be used around one year old vines. Avoid spray contact with green bark or drift on to green buds or foliage. May be mixed with knockdown herbicides if small weeds are present but should otherwise be applied to bare earth. Irrigation or rain should follow within10 days of application or weed control may be reduced.

Grasses and broadleaf weeds

D oryzalin Cameo 500

Oryzalin 500

Sharp Shooter 500 SC

Surflan 500

4.5−9.5L/ha

oryzalin Prolan 500 Stonewall

4.5−9.9L/ha

Vineyards on medium loam or heavier soil types, heavily infested with crab grass may be sprayed with the higher chemical rate.

D trifluralin Agriralin 480

Buster

Clearoff

Contender 480

MR T 480

Snare

Tango 480

Treflan

Treflan 480

Tricon Flexi 480

Triflur 480

Trifluralin 480

Trifluralin 480 EC

Trifluralinx 480

Triflurasip 480 Triflurx

Trilogy Xtra

Trigen 480

Trilogy

Unitry 480

Wadlan 480

1.2−2.3L/ha

Application rate varies with soil type. Apply to new planting during pre-plant cultivation. Apply to established crops in spring after weeds and green manure crop have been ploughed into ground. Refer to label for suitable method of incorporation.

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Resistant group

Active ingredient Trade names Rate

D trifluralin Triflur Xcel

1.1−2.25L/ha

Trampoline 480

Treflan 600

Tricon Maxi 600

Triflur 600

Trifluralin 530

Trifluralin 600

Trifluralinx 580

Trilogy 600

Various rates.

Application rate varies with soil type. Apply to new planting during pre-plant cultivation. Apply to established crops in spring after weeds and green manure crop have been ploughed into ground. Refer to label for suitable method of incorporation.

F norflurazon Zoliar DF

Zoliar 800 DF

1.25−5kg/ha

Not recommended for grapes grown in sand or loamy sand soils with less than 1% organic matter and pH greater than 7.5 as veinal chlorosis may occur.

Certain grasses and broadleaf weeds

G oxyfluorfen Cavalier Conversion 240 Convert 240 EC Crossbar 240 Encore 240 Govern Gowel 240 EC Offend 240 Olright 240 EC

Ox 240 Oxen 240 Oxxel 240 EC Oxydox 240 EC Oxyfan 240 EC Oxyfluorfen Oxyflurofen 240 Oxyfluorfen 240 EC Striker

3 or 4L/ha

oxyfluorfen Goal

Goal Tender

1.5 or 2L/ha

Do not apply once budswell has occurred. Apply during dormancy on vineyards where vines are older than 3 years. Use the higher rate when longer residual control is required (up to 4 months).

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Resistant group

Active ingredient Trade names Rate

Annual grasses and broadleaf weeds

O dichlobenil Casoron G

Sierraron G

60−90kg/ha treated

Spread the granules evenly over the soil of the area to be treated. Remove existing weeds by hand, desiccation or cultivation. Use higher rate on heavier soils.

Certain broadleaf weeds

O isoxaben Gallery 750 375−750g/ha treated

Use higher rate where weed pressure is high or where longer residual activity is required. Must be activated by at least 12.5mm rainfall or sprinkler irrigation within 21 days of application.

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Plant growth regulators (PGR’s)

** Rate Please refer to product labels as rates vary depending upon percentage active ingredient and variety.

N/R – not required when used as directed.

Active ingredient

Trade names Rate** Withholding period (days)

Comments

To promote uniform colouring of certain varieties of table grapes

ethephon Ethephon 480

Promote® 720

Ethrel®

Rates vary depending upon percentage active ingredient and variety.

Check product label carefully.

14 Apply when 5−30% of berries are coloured. Use higher rates to maximise colouring effects required. Ensure thorough coverage of bunches, although the foliage need not be completely covered.

Best results are achieved with a uniform application of fine droplets under calm conditions.

Ethephon:

− may reduce firmness of grapes. Do not use on grapes intended for long-term cool storage.

− may be less effective on some varieties in seasons where extreme heat waves occur.

S-Abscisic Acid

ProTone® SG N/R Use only as directed. Read the label thoroughly and make sure it is understood before making applications of ProTone® SG.

To promote increased berry size in certain varieties of table grapes

forchlorfenuron

Sitofex® 10EC

Ambitious

Ronic CPPU 10

Prestige® 10EC

50–100mL/100L water

N/R It is sufficient to spray the fruit only as forchlorfenuron is not translocated from leaves to fruit.

Good berry thinning is essential when using Sitofex®. Gibberellic acid (GA3) thinning sprays should be applied as recommended for each variety. Maximum berry size is obtained when forchlorfenuron is mixed with a GA3 sizing spray.

Forchlorfenuron can produce poor colour development and off flavours with some varieties in some seasons.

84

Active ingredient

Trade names Rate** Withholding period (days)

Comments

To promote desirable harvest effects to certain varieties of table grapes

gibberellic acid

Bloomfresh GA

Farmoz Gibberellic Acid

Gala™ Growth Regulator

Gibber Growth Regulator

ProGibb® GA

ProGibb® SG

Stretch SP200™

Rates vary depending upon percentage active ingredient and variety. Check product label carefully.

Use with a non-ionic wetting agent at the recommended label rate.

N/R Times of application vary, depending on variety. Check product label carefully.

Do not apply to vines under pest, nutritional or water stress.

Do not apply when there is insufficient soil moisture to support rapid plant growth.

Do not exceed recommended rates of wetting agent as russeting (berry scarring) may occur.

Thorough coverage of bunches is essential.

Contact your local agronomist or the Department of Agriculture and Food for further information.

To promote even and/or early budburst and uniformity in table grapes and even budburst and uniformity in wine grapes

cyanamide Dormex® Table grapes

3-5L/100L water

Wine grapes

2-3L/100L water plus non-ionic wetting agent at the recommended label rate

N/R Do not apply after natural budburst has commenced. Do not use winter oil before or after application of Dormex®.

Apply to dormant spurs, canes or cordons, using sufficient spray volume to ensure thorough coverage of all buds. Budburst will usually occur 30-35 days later, although if warm conditions occur after application, it could occur 14-21 days later.

Note: New shoots may be damaged by frost if Dormex® is applied earlier than 35 days before natural budburst.

Applying Dormex close to budburst may have phytotoxic effects and delay budburst.

Cyan™ 3-5L/100L water N/R Do not apply after natural budburst has commenced. Do not use winter oil before or after application.

Apply to dormant spurs, canes or cordons, using sufficient spray volume to ensure thorough coverage of all buds. Budburst is usually 30−35 days later, although if warm conditions occur after application it could occur 14-21 days later.

Note: New shoots may be damaged by frost. If applied earlier than 35 days before natural budburst, low temperatures at flowering may reduce fruit set. Lower dose rates should be used when there has been a cold winter to naturally chill the crop.

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Active ingredient

Trade names Rate** Withholding period (days)

Comments

For initiation of dormancy break in wine grapes (Pinot Noir only)

methyl esters of

fatty acids

Waiken™ 4L/100L water N/R To advance budburst Apply 35-50 days before natural bud burst.

To delay budburst

Apply from 20 days before natural budburst, up to the time of green tip.

To assist with promotion of colour, bunch uniformity, rachis stretch, and stimulate root branching

cytokinins, auxins, gibberellins, naturally chelated trace minerals, and proteins in organic form

Acadian® SSE Stimplex®

750g/ha 2.5L/ha

N/R For root growth: Apply at E-L 9.

For rachis stretch: Apply at E-L 12 & 10-14 days later.

For size uniformity and colour: Apply at E-L 27 & 35.

For carbohydrate accumulation: Apply at E-L 41.

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Example of a spray diary

Date Block Variety Growth stage

Target pest Registered

product

Product rate Water rate

/ha

Comments (e.g. temperature, rainfall, wind direction and speed, tractor

speed, operator …) /ha /100L

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Grape pest monitoring and treatment calendar

Not all these pests will occur in your vineyard

This is a guide only. The status of each pest varies across grape growing regions; monitor to avoid unnecessary or poorly timed sprays. Check specific recommendations under the Vineyard spray option tables (Section 11), particularly for chemicals used in disease control on wine grapes to avoid unwanted residues.

Diseases

Disease Growth stage Dormancy Budburst Shoots

10 cm Start of

flowering 80%

capfall Fruit set

Bunch closure

Veraison Veraison to harvest

Harvest Post-harvest

Dormancy

Phomopsis • • • • • • • • • •

Black spot • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ •

Downy mildew • • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • • • • • • • • • •

Botrytis • • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • •

Powdery mildew • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • • • • • •

Best time for spraying and baiting • Monitoring period ■ Major activity or damage period

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Pests

Insects, snails and mites Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb Mar. Apr. May June July

African black beetle - adults • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • •

Snails Cordon/Foliar spray Bait now Bait now Trunk sprays

Grapevine scale • • • Crawlers • • •

Mites – blister and bunch rust • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • •

European earwig • Apply bait ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • • • • •

Katydid (green cricket) • • • • • • •

Mealybug • ■ • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • • • •

Cluster caterpillar • • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • • •

Wingless grasshopper • • Spray and bait now ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • • • •

Apple weevil • ■ ■ • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Garden weevil • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • • • • • •

Spring beetle • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • •

Common auger beetle • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • • • • ■ ■ ■ ■ •

Lightbrown apple moth • • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • • • • •

Grapevine moth • • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • • • • •

Plague and onion thrips Flowering to fruit set

Apple looper • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

Heliothis caterpillar • • • ■ ■ ■ • • • •

Two-spotted and six-spotted mite • • • • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • •

Rutherglen bug • • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • •

Mediterranean fruit fly • • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ •

Best time for spraying and baiting • Monitoring period ■ Major activity or damage period

89

Modified E-L system for growth stages

Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia

3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, Western Australia

Postal address: Locked Bag 4, Bentley Delivery Centre WA 6983

Tel: +61 (0)8 9368 3333 Fax: +61 (0)8 9474 2405

agric.wa.gov.au