(2016 )6 National Institution for Academic Degrees and University Evaluation II. 1. (1636 ) & (1693 ) (1701 ) 18 (Morrill Land-Grant Act 1862 ) 19 (HBCU) 1920 1945 1975 1950 270 1970

(2016 )

National Institution for Academic Degrees and University Evaluation

2010 3

2016 1 2

187-8587 1-29-1

http://www.niad.ac.jp/

[email protected]

( )

2016 1

http://www.niad.ac.jp/english/overview_us2_j.pdf

2


2

( ) 3

triad

( 2 ) 2014-2015

2010

Linda Suskie

2016 1

3


I. 5

II.

1. 6

2. 7

3. 8

4. 10

5. 10

6. 15

7. 16

8. 17

9. 18

10. 18

11. 19

III.

1. 20

2. 21

3. 24

3-1. 24

3-2. 28

3-3. 31

4. 32

5. 33

4


Wikimedia Commons (2015) Map of USA with state names 2,

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_USA_with_state_names.svg#/media/File:Map_of_USA_with_state_names_2.

svg [30 Oct 2015]

5


I.

. .

( )

(2015 12 ) 3 2136 8864

(GDP 2013 ) 16 7,768 ( )

(2013 ) 53,101 (

(2011 )

13.6% (12.9%) 3.5% (3.2%)

( ) OECD

(2011 )

5.1% (5.6%) 1.3% (1.4%)

( ) OECD

( 2011 )

26,021

9,057

( 1 2011 ) 5,402 17,163

(2010 ) 74 ( )

( -2)

9 5/6

o EP Nuffic (2013) Country module - United States, Jan 2013, Available:

http://www.nuffic.nl/en/library/country-module-united-states.pdf [30 Mar 2015] p. 4

o Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (2014) United States of America , 11 Sep 2014, Available:

http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/area/usa/data.html [30 Mar 2015]

o OECD (2014) Education at a Glance 2014: IECD Indicators, OECD Publishing, Available:

http://www.oecd.org/edu/Education-at-a-Glance-2014.pdf [20 Apr 2015], pp. 215, 249, 257, 271

o U.S. Census Bureau for the United States (2015) U.S. and World Population Clock, Available:

http://www.census.gov/popclock/ [3 Dec 2015]

6


II.

1.

(1636 ) & (1693 )

(1701 )

18

(Morrill Land-Grant Act 1862 )

19

(HBCU)

1920

1945

1975 1950 270 1970 790

1944 (Servicemen s Readjustment Act)

60 70

1970

1980

21 4 2

18 23

25 6 6

(middle skill)

o Altbach, P.G., Gumport, P.J. and Berdahl, R.O. (1998) American Higher Education in the Twenty-first Century, Baltimore:

John Hopkins University Press, pp.39-43, 57, 64

7


o Ewell, P.T. (2008) U.S. Accreditation and the Future of Quality Assurance: A Tenth Anniversary Report from the Council

for Higher Education Accreditation, Washington D.C.: Council for Higher Education Accreditation, pp.17-21, 28, 48

o Staley, D.J. & Trinkle, D.A. (2011) The Changing Landscape of Higher Education, Educause review, Available:

http://www.educause.edu/ero/article/changing-landscape-higher-education [24 Mar 2015]

2.

o National Center for Education Statistics (2012) Digest of Education Statistics: 2012, Available:

http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d12/figures/fig_01.asp?referrer=figures [30 Mar 2015]

8


3.

(public) (private) (non-profit)

(for-profit) 2 /4

(4 ) (2 )

o Eckel, P.D. & King, J.E. (2004) An Overview of Higher Education in the United States: Diversity, Access, and the Role of

the Marketplace, Washington DC: American Council on Education, Available:

http://www.acenet.edu/news-room/Documents/Overview-of-Higher-Education-in-the-United-States-Diversity-Access-a

nd-the-Role-of-the-Marketplace-2004.pdf [11 Mar 2015] pp.1-2

o International Affairs Office (2008) Organization of U.S. Education: Tertiary Institutions, U.S. Department of Education,

Available: http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ous/international/usnei/us/postsec-inst.doc [30 Mar 2015]

o U.S. Department of Education (2015) Types of Schools, Available:

https://studentaid.ed.gov/prepare-for-college/choosing-schools/types#career-schools [24 Feb 2015]

9


( ) ( ) (%)

4 706 1,645 827 3,178 77.8

2 1,038 172 1,071 2,281 54.5

2 267 86 1,707 2,060 87.0

2,011 1,903 3,605 7,519 73.3

2013

o National Center for Education Statistics (2015) IPEDS Data Center, Available: https://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/datacenter/ [11

Mar 2015]

( ) ( ) (%)

4 8,078,482 3,936,065 1,310,203 13,324,750 39.4

2 6,608,918 41,119 370,801 7,020,838 5.9

2 56,727 11,901 255,486 324,114 82.5

14,744,127 3,989,085 1,936,490 20,669,702 28.7

2013


Mar 2015]

( ) ( )

4 73.4 75.4 62.5 72.9

2 39.2 78.4 89.5 42.1

2 51.6 89.8 82.7 77.6

58.0 75.5 70.3 62.5

2013


Mar 2015]

( / )

( ) ( )

4 1,588,783 1,081,221 166,464 2,836,468

2 647,059 7,846 57,827 712,732

2 12,819 1,922 37,940 52,681

2,248,661 1,090,989 262,231 3,601,881

2013


Mar 2015]

10


4.

GPA(Grade Point Average)

SAT(Scholastic Assessment Test) ACT(American College Test) 2




nd-the-Role-of-the-Marketplace-2004.pdf [11 Mar 2015] p. 8

.

(Certificate)

1

2 4

(National Center for Education Statistics: NCES)

3

1 1 (2 3 )

30 ( ) 45 900

(National Center for Education Statistics,

2012)

1 2 1 2

30 60 ( ) 45 90 900 1,800

( )

11


2 4 1 2

60 120 ( ) 90 180 1,800 3,600

( )

(Certification)

1

(License)

(Intermediate Graduate Qualification)

(Associate Degree)

(articulation

agreement)

(National Center for Education Statistics: NCES)

(NCES, 2015)

Associate of Arts(AA) Associate of Science(AS)

Associate of Applied Science(AAS) 2

Associate of Occupational Science(AOS)

AOS

12


(Bachelor s Degree)

( ) 4 3

(NCES, 2015)

(major)

IT

Bachelor of Arts(BA/AB) Bachelor of Science(BS/SB)

(honors bachelor)

(certificate diploma)

( ) 1

(Master s Degree)

( /

Master of Arts(MA/AM) Master of Science(MS/SM)

(research degree)

MBA

13


(Doctoral Degree)

(research doctorate) (Doctor of Philosophy: Ph.D.)

(

)

(First-Professional Degree

(1)

(2)

(3)

10

Degree Qualifications Profile (DQP)

( )

DQP

*(NILOA) *(IEBC) *

Degree Qualifications Profile(DQP)

DQP proficiency

5

DQP 400

DQP (Lumina Foundation, 2015)

<DQP 5 >

∘

∘

∘

∘

∘

14


NILOA: National Institute for Learning Outcomes Assessment

2008

IEBC: Institute for Evidence-based Change

2025 60%




nd-the-Role-of-the-Marketplace-2004.pdf [11 Mar 2015] p. 9

o International Affairs Office (2008a) Structure of the U.S. Education System: Associate Degrees, U.S. Department of

Education, Available: http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ous/international/usnei/us/associate.doc [30 Mar 2015]

o International Affairs Office (2008b) Structure of the U.S. Education System: Bachelor s Degrees, U.S. Department of

Education, Available: http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ous/international/usnei/us/bachelor.doc [30 Mar 2015]

o International Affairs Office (2008c) Structure of the U.S. Education System: First-Professional Degrees, U.S. Department

of Education, Available: http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ous/international/usnei/us/professional.doc [30 Mar

2015]

o International Affairs Office (2008d) Structure of the U.S. Education System: Intermediate Graduate Qualifications, U.S.

Department of Education, Available: http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ous/international/usnei/us/grad.doc [30 Mar

2015]

o International Affairs Office (2008e) Structure of the U.S. Education System: Master s Degrees, U.S. Department of

Education, Available: http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ous/international/usnei/us/master.doc [30 Mar 2015]

o International Affairs Office (2008f) Structure of the U.S. Education System: Research Doctorate Degrees, U.S.

Department of Education, Available: www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ous/international/usnei/us/doctorate.doc [30 Mar

2015]

o Lumina Foundation (2015) Degree Qualifications Profile http://degreeprofile.org/ last accessed on 18 Mar 2015

o National Center for Education Statistics (2012) Defining and Reporting Subbaccalaureate Certificates in IPEDS,

Available: http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2012/2012835/index.asp [30 Mar 2015]

o National Center for Education Statistics (2015) Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System: Glossary, Available:

http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/glossary/ [30 Mar 2015]

15


.

1980 (U.S. Department of Education: USDE

*

*

o International Affairs Office (2008) Organization of U.S. Education: State Role II - Tertiary Education, U.S. Department of

Education, Available: http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ous/international/usnei/us/postsec.doc [30 Mar 2015]

o International Affairs Office (2008) Organization of U.S. Education: The Federal Role, U.S. Department of Education,

Available: http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ous/international/usnei/us/fedrole.doc [30 Mar 2015]

16


.

o (U.S. Department of Education) [http://www.ed.gov/]

o (White House) [https://www.whitehouse.gov/]

o (Council for Higher Education Accreditation: CHEA)

[http://www.chea.org/]

o (American Association of State Colleges and Universities: AASCU)

[http://www.aascu.org/]

o (American Council on Education: ACE)

[ http://www.acenet.edu/Pages/default.aspx]

o (Association for Career and Technical Education: ACTE)

[https://www.acteonline.org/]

o (Association of American Colleges and Universities: AAC&U)

[http://www.aacu.org/]

o (Association of American Universities: AAU)

[http://www.aau.edu/]

o (Association of Public and Land-Grant Universities: APLU)

(1862/ 90 ) [http://www.aplu.org/]

o (Council of Independent Colleges: CIC)

[http://www.cic.edu/]

o (National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities: NAICU)

[http://www.naicu.edu/]

o (Bill and Mellinda Gates Foundation) [ http://www.gatesfoundation.org/]

o (Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching)

[ http://www.carnegiefoundation.org/]

o (Lumina Foundation)[ http://www.luminafoundation.org/]

o (Teagle Foundation)[http://www.teaglefoundation.org/]

o Inside Higher Ed [https://www.insidehighered.com/]

o The Chronicle of Higher Education [http://chronicle.com/]

* 2015 4 20

17


.

(board of trustees)

(president):

(faculty senate)




nd-the-Role-of-the-Marketplace-2004.pdf [11 Mar 2015] pp.11-12

18


.

4,169 4,460 10,426

4 6,255 6,265 15,792

2 2,671 3,164 6,786

2 6,530 6,530 7,038

( ) 23,009 23,016 23,028

4 23,983 23,985 23,989

2 12,389 12,459 12,581

2 10,508 10,508 10,508

( 14,549 14,549 14,549

4 15,001 15,001 15,001

2 13,923 13,923 13,923

2 13,755 13,755 13,755

13,435 13,549 15,841

2013

o National Center for Education Statistics (2015) IPEDS Data Center, Available:

https://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/datacenter/ [11 Mar 2015]

10.

(

) ( )

(grant) (loan)

(Federal Work Study: FWS)

2015

(Federal Pell Grants) 5,775 (Federal Supplemental

Educational Opportunity Grants: FSEOG) 100 4,000

19


William D. Ford (William D.

Ford Federal Direct Loan) (Federal Subsidized Loan)

PLUS (Direct PLUS Loan)

Perkins (Federal Perkins Loan)

(Federal Work-Study)

o The office of Federal Student Aid (2015) Federal Student Aid, Available: https://studentaid.ed.gov/ [30 Mar 2015]

11.

(II-1 )

(Higher Education Act of 1965)

1965

9 ( )

2008

o Bawn, S., Kurose, C., and McPherson, M. (2013) An Overview of American Higher Education, Available:

http://www.princeton.edu/futureofchildren/publications/docs/23_01_02.pdf [24 Mar 2015], p. 19

o International Affairs Office (2008) General Information Resources About Education in the United States, U.S.

Department of Education, Available: http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ous/international/usnei/us/generalinfo.doc

[30 Mar 2015]

o The Chronicle of Higher Education (2013) What You Need to Know About Reauthorization, 19 Sep 2013, Available:

http://chronicle.com/article/What-You-Need-to-Know-About/141697/ [22 Apr 2015]

20


III

.

1885 (New England Association of Schools

and Colleges: NEASC) 10 3

1917 1962

1905 ( )

1909 1913

1948

1952

20

1876-1903

1905 (AMA) 10

1907

1900 1921

(American Bar Association) 1930

1951 22

1982 47 2014 68

( )

21


1952

1965 (Higher Education Act)

(1) (2)

1992

CHEA

(Council on Postsecondary Accreditation : COPA)

COPA COPA 1993

(National Policy Board on Institutional Accreditation: NPB)

1996 (Council for Higher Education Accreditation: CHEA)

( 3-2 )

triad

o Altbach, P.G., Gumport, P.J. and Berdahl, R.O. (1998) American Higher Education in the Twenty-first Century, Baltimore:

John Hopkins University Press, pp.39-43, 57, 64


for Higher Education Accreditation, Washington D.C.: Council for Higher Education Accreditation, pp.17-21, 28, 48

o The Commission Appointed by Secretary of Education Margaret Spellings (2006) A Test of Leadership: Charting the

Future of U.S. Higher Education, Available: http://www2.ed.gov/about/bdscomm/list/hiedfuture/reports/final-report.pdf

[30 Mar 2015] p. ix

o El-Khawas (2001) Accreditation in the USA: origins, developments and future prospects, Available:

http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001292/129295e.pdf [30 Mar 2015] pp. 27-37, 121-4

2.

triad (

22


)

NGO

Council for Higher Education Accreditation (2007) CHEA Almanac of External Quality Review 2007, Washington D.C.: CHEA,

p. 3

(CHEA)

(III-3-2 )

23


(Kuh et al., 2014)

∘ ( ACCUPLACER COMPASS)

∘ ( NSSE CCSSE UCUES CIRP)

∘ ( CLA CAAP ETS PP)

∘ ( )

∘ ( )

∘

∘ ( )

∘

∘

∘

(AAC&U)

(VALUE Project) e-

16

( )

(CHEA) 2005

CHEA Award

4

ACCUPLACER COMPASS

ACT

NSSE National Survey of Student Engagement CCSSE Community College Survey of Student Engagement UCUES

University of California undergraduate Experience Survey CIRP Cooperative Institutional Research Program CLA Collegiate

Learning Assessment CAAP Collegiate Assessment of Academic Proficiency ETS PP ETS Proficiency Profile

o Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges (2014) Accreditation Standards, Available:

http://www.accjc.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Accreditation_Standards_Adopted_June_2014.pdf [1 Apr 2015]

o ACT, Inc. (2015) ACT Compass Overview, Available: http://www.act.org/products/higher-education-act-compass/ [22

Apr 2015]

o Association of American Colleges & Universities (2015) VALUE Rubrics, Available: https://www.aacu.org/value-rubrics

[1 Apr 2015]

24


o Commission on Colleges (2011) The Principles of Accreditation: Foundations for Quality Enhancement, Decatur:

Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. Available: http://www.sacscoc.org/pdf/2012PrinciplesOfAcreditation.pdf

[1 Apr 2015],

o Commission on Institutions of Higher Education (2015) Standards (Effective July 1, 2011), Available:

https://cihe.neasc.org/standard-policies/standards-accreditation/standards-effective-july-1-2011 [1 Apr 2015]

o Council for Higher Education Accreditation (2014) Effective Institutional Practice in Student Learning Outcomes: CHEA

Award Recipients, Available: http://www.chea.org/chea%20award/CHEA_Awards_All.html [6 Apr 2015]

o Kuh, G.D., Jankowski, N., Ikenberry, S.O. and Kinzle, J. (2014) Knowing What Students Know and Can Do: The Current

State of Student Learning Outcomes Assessment in U.S. Colleges and Universities, Champaign: National Institute for

Learning Outcomes Assessment, Available:

http://www.learningoutcomeassessment.org/documents/2013%20Survey%20Report%20Final.pdf [1 Apr 2015], p. 40

o Higher Learning Commission (2015) The Criteria for Accreditation and Core Components, Available:

https://www.ncahlc.org/Criteria-Eligibility-and-Candidacy/criteria-and-core-components.html [1 Apr 2015]

o Middle States Commission on Higher Education (2014) Standards for Accreditation and Requirements of Affiliation, 13th

ed., Philadelphia: Middle States Commission on Higher Education, Available:

http://www.msche.org/documents/RevisedStandardsFINAL.pdf [1 Apr 2015]

o Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities (2010) Standards for Accreditation, Available:

http://www.nwccu.org/Pubs%20Forms%20and%20Updates/Publications/Standards%20for%20Accreditation.pdf [1 Apr

2015]

o Senior College and University Commission (2013) 2013 Handbook of Accreditation, Available:

www.wascsenior.org/content/2013-handbook-accreditation [1 Apr 2015]

o The College Board (2015) ACCUPLACER, Available: https://accuplacer.collegeboard.org/ [22 Apr 2015]

o (2012) , In: (ed.),

( ), Available: http://www.nier.go.jp/koutou/seika/rpt_01/pdf/09_chapter_5.pdf [1 Apr 2015], pp.

106-117

3.

3-1.

(accreditation)

25


2014 10 (Council for Higher Education

Accreditation: CHEA) (US Department of Education: USDE) (recognize)

86

) institutional

(regional accrediting organization)

7(6 )

26


(national faith-based accrediting organization)

4

(national career-related accrediting organization)

7

) (programmatic)

(programmatic or specialized accrediting organization)

( )

68

CHEA (recognition) (

III-3-2 )

10

(establishment of eligibility)

(self-study)

27


(on-site team visit)

(exit interview)

(written team report)

(final decisions/appeals)

(monitoring)

(2013 )

3,049 -

503 -

4,344 -

- 42,686

28


o Council for Higher Education Accreditation (2015) CHEA Almanac Online, Available:

http://www.chea.org/Almanac%20Online/index.asp [30 Oct 2015]

CHEA 7,900 40,000

CHEA

o Council for Higher Education Accreditation (2006) Accrediting Organizations in the United States: How Do They

Operate to Assure Quality?, Fact Sheet #5, Available: http://www.chea.org/pdf/fact_sheet_5_operation.pdf [30 Mar

2015]

o Council for Higher Education Accreditation (2007) CHEA Almanac of External Quality Review 2007, Washington D.C.:

CHEA, pp. 8-9

o Council for Higher Education (2015) CHEA Almanac Online, Available:

http://www.chea.org/Almanac%20Online/index.asp [30 Mar 2015]

o Eaton, J.S. (2012) An Overview of U.S. Accreditation, Washington D.C.: Council for Higher Education Accreditation,

Available: http://www.chea.org/pdf/Overview%20of%20US%20Accreditation%202012.pdf [30 Mar 2015] pp. 1-3, 6-7


for Higher Education Accreditation, Washington D.C.: Council for Higher Education Accreditation, pp. 12-16

3-2.

(recognition)

CHEA

(1)CHEA

CHEA 1996

CHEA

29


CHEA

CHEA

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

CHEA 10 CHEA (CHEA

Committee on Recognition)

(CHEA Governing Board)

(2)

1952

(1965 )

1) (

)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

30


7)

8)

9)

10

NACIQI(National Advisory Committee on Institutional Quality and Integrity)

NACIQI

(3)

2014 11 CHEA 60 51 84

CHEA

4

4 (Title IV gatekeeper)

4 CHEA 4

CHEA

(4)

CHEA


CHEA, pp. 11-12

o Council for Higher Education Accreditation (2008) Recognition of Accrediting Organizations: Policy and Procedures

(revised), Available: http://chea.org/pdf/Recognition_Policy-June_28_2010-FINAL.pdf [30 Mar 2015], pp. 4-8

o Council for Higher Education Accreditation (2014) Recognized Accrediting Organizations, Available:

http://www.chea.org/pdf/CHEA_USDE_AllAccred.pdf [15 Oct 2014]

o Eaton, J.S. (2012) An Overview of U.S. Accreditation, Washington D.C.: Council for Higher Education Accreditation,

Available: http://www.chea.org/pdf/Overview%20of%20US%20Accreditation%202012.pdf [30 Mar 2015] pp. 6-8

o U.S. Department of Education (2015) Accreditation in the United States, Available:

http://www2.ed.gov/admins/finaid/accred/accreditation_pg13.html [17 Mar 2015]

31


3-3.

(

)

( )

(II-6 )

(

)

*

32



CHEA, pp. 15-16

o International Affairs Office (2008) Organization of U.S. Education: State Role II - Tertiary Education, U.S. Department of

Education, Available: http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ous/international/usnei/us/postsec.doc [30 Mar 2015]

o International Affairs Office (2008) Organization of U.S. Education: The Federal Role, U.S. Department of Education,

Available: http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ous/international/usnei/us/fedrole.doc [30 Mar 2015]

4.

CHEA

CHEA

The Database of Accredited Postsecondary Institutions and Programs

[http://ope.ed.gov/accreditation/]

Database of Institutions and programs Accredited by Recognized United States Accrediting

Organizations

[http://chea.org/search/default.asp]

CHEA

[http://www.nasasps.org/listing-of-regular-members]

[http://www.chea.org/degreemills/frmStates.htm]

o (2015) , , 16th Mar, Kodaira

33


5. *

*

(degree mill) (diploma mill)

(accreditation mill)

(Higher Education Opportunity Act) (

103)

(A)(i)

(ii)

(B) ( )

Better Business Bureau

34


o BBB of Chicago & Northern Illinois (2014) Better Business Bureau Warns Consumers: Diploma Mills Can Damage Your

Future, Available:

http://www.bbb.org/chicago/news-events/news-releases/2014/better-business-bureau-warns-consumers-diploma-mills-

can-damage-your-future/ [27 Apr 2015]

o Council for Higher Education Accreditation (2015) Important Questions about Accreditation, Degree Mills and

Accreditation Mills, Available: http://www.chea.org/degreemills/default.htm [18 Mar 2015]

o U.S. Department of Education (2015) Diploma Mills and Accreditation, Available:

http://www2.ed.gov/students/prep/college/diplomamills/index.html [18 Mar 2015]

o U.S. Government Printing Office (2015) Higher Education Opportunity Act, Available:

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-110publ315/html/PLAW-110publ315.htm [20 Apr 2015]

35


(2016 )