2016 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR)webapps.stoke.gov.uk/uploadedfiles/SoT_ASR_2016.pdfLAQM Annual Status Report 2016 2016 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR) In fulfilment

Stoke-on-Trent City Council

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016

2016 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR) In fulfilment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management September 2016


LAQM Annual Status Report 2016

Local Authority Officer Ann Beeston

Department Public Protection Division

Address

Hanley Town Hall Albion Street Stoke-on-Trent ST1 1QL

Telephone 01782 236575

E-mail [email protected]

Report Reference number PP/AQM16

Date September 2016

REPORT SIGN OFF SHEET

Report Title 2016 Air Quality Annual Status Report

Prepared by Public Protection

Approved for submission to Defra by

Lesley Mountford Director of Public Health and Adult Social Care Stoke-on-Trent City Council

Signature: Date: 29 September 2016


LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 i

Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area Air Quality in Stoke-on-Trent Air pollution is associated with a number of adverse health impacts. It is recognised

as a contributing factor in the onset of heart disease and cancer. Additionally, air

pollution particularly affects the most vulnerable in society, namely children, older

people and those with heart and lung conditions. There is also often a strong

correlation with equalities issues, because areas with poor air quality are also often

the less affluent areas1,2.

The annual health cost to society of the impacts of particulate matter alone in the UK

is estimated to be around £16 billion3.

In Stoke-on-Trent, the main pollutant of concern is nitrogen dioxide (NO2). There are

still some areas of the city where the concentration of NO2 is greater than the

concentration set by UK national government for an annual mean of 40 micrograms

per cubic metre (µg/m³). There is also one area of the city, Basford, where the

concentration of NO2 is greater than the government hourly mean of 200 µg/m³.

The main source of nitrogen dioxide in Stoke-on-Trent comes from road vehicles.

The whole of the city has been declared an Air Quality Management Area because

concentrations are greater than the annual mean in some areas of the city and

greater than the hourly mean in one area.4

Our current Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) is available to view online.

However, NO2 monitoring has shown that there has been a significant downward

trend in concentrations in all areas of the city with the exception of Basford. Results

for the Basford area show that concentrations have remained stable since monitoring

began in this area.

Though the trend for concentrations of NO2 is generally downward, some monitoring

sites remain above the annual mean objective. Nevertheless, the number of sites

exceeding the objective in each of those areas has decreased significantly so that

now only one diffusion tube monitoring site is above the objective at Burslem Centre, 1 Environmental equity, air quality, socioeconomic status and respiratory health, 2010 2 Air quality and social deprivation in the UK: an environmental inequalities analysis, 2006 3 Defra. Abatement cost guidance for valuing changes in air quality, May 2013 4 https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/aqma/details?aqma_id=608

http://www.stoke.gov.uk/ccm/content/environment/environmental-health/pollution/air-quality/air-quality-management-areas.en

https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/aqma/details?aqma_id=608


LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 ii

Milton, Cobridge, Hanley, Joiners Square, Fenton and Bucknall. In Basford there are

four sites that exceed the annual mean objective and at Meir, there are three

exceedance sites.

We are acting to manage the impact that poor air quality can have by:

Monitoring air quality throughout the city, especially at busy road junctions with

nearby housing, to inform the action plan and planning process.

Working with Stoke-on-Trent Planning Authority, to ensure that development

does not make pollution worse, especially in areas of known poor air quality.

Working with planners, to ensure that new developments do not result in

housing being built in areas of poor air quality.

Encouraging individuals to use alternative modes of transport, such as cycling5

(including cycle hire6) or walking.

Working with schools to promote school travel plans.

Encouraging businesses to promote sustainable travel.7

Encouraging car share schemes throughout the city. 8

To help lower the concentrations of nitrogen dioxide we are working with:

The Stoke-on-Trent Air Quality Strategy Group (AQSG), to ensure that the

AQAP is assessed and amended as necessary.

Stoke-on-Trent City Council Highways Authority, to lower the concentrations of

nitrogen dioxide by reducing congestion.

Local bus companies, to encourage improvement to bus services so that bus

travel becomes a more attractive alternative to car use.

Seven other Staffordshire local authorities, to encourage hauliers, bus

companies and businesses in Staffordshire to cut costs and reduce emissions

5 http://www.stoke.gov.uk/ccm/navigation/leisure/cycle-stoke/ 6 http://www.stoke.gov.uk/ccm/content/leisure-and-culture/sports-and-cycling/cycle-stoke-pages/get-around/stoke-railway-station-brompton-dock-bike-hire-and-cycle-hub-facility.en 7 http://www.stoke.gov.uk/ccm/navigation/transport-and-streets/sustainable-travel/travelling-to-work/ 8 http://www.stoke.gov.uk/ccm/content/transport-and-streets/transport/sustainable-travel/travel-smart/share-in-stoke-on-trent.en

http://www.stoke.gov.uk/ccm/navigation/leisure/cycle-stoke/

http://www.stoke.gov.uk/ccm/content/leisure-and-culture/sports-and-cycling/cycle-stoke-pages/get-around/stoke-railway-station-brompton-dock-bike-hire-and-cycle-hub-facility.en


http://www.stoke.gov.uk/ccm/navigation/transport-and-streets/sustainable-travel/travelling-to-work/

http://www.stoke.gov.uk/ccm/content/transport-and-streets/transport/sustainable-travel/travel-smart/share-in-stoke-on-trent.en

http://www.stoke.gov.uk/ccm/content/transport-and-streets/transport/sustainable-travel/travel-smart/share-in-stoke-on-trent.en


LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 iii

of HGVs, buses, coaches, and vans through the ECO-Stars (Efficient and

Cleaner Operations) Fleet Recognition Scheme. 9

Highways England, to ensure that the A500 Etruria Widening and Etruria

Valley Development do not have a detrimental effect on air quality for the

surrounding areas.

Actions to Improve Air Quality Many of the actions listed in the Air Quality Action Plan 2014 have now been

completed. Monitoring shows a general downward trend in concentrations in city with

the exception of the Basford area, where concentrations remain high.

Local Priorities and Challenges The main priority and also the main challenge for the coming year will be for the Air

Quality Strategy Group to propose actions that will reduce pollutant levels in the

Basford area. The A53, Etruria Road is a major route linking the A500 (T) and city

centre to the Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme. The boundary between the two

authorities is the centre-line of the road, indicated by the red line in Figures D.13 &

D.14 (pages 68 & 69). On the Stoke-on-Trent side, the road is bordered by mainly

terraced properties built to the back of pavement. The road is fairly narrow. At the

location of the highest concentration of NO2, the road enters a cutting with mature

trees on each side, which have the effect of inhibiting pollutant dispersal.

How to Get Involved Everyone can help to improve air quality, simply by the choices that we make every

day.

If you’re an individual living or working in the city, why not try one of the following:

Share a lift to work

Cycle to work

Hire a bike at Stoke Station

9 http://www.ecostars-uk.com/eco-stars-schemes/

http://www.stoke.gov.uk/ccm/content/transport-and-streets/transport/sustainable-travel/travel-smart/share-in-stoke-on-trent.enhttp:/www.stoke.gov.uk/ccm/content/transport-and-streets/transport/sustainable-travel/travel-smart/share-in-stoke-on-trent.en

http://www.stoke.gov.uk/ccm/content/leisure-and-culture/sports-and-cycling/cycle-stoke-pages/get-cycling/cycling-to-work.en


http://www.ecostars-uk.com/eco-stars-schemes/


LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 iv

Schools can help improve the health and wellbeing of pupils and improve air quality

by encouraging walking, cycling and other forms of sustainable travel. See the

Modeshift STARS scheme.

If you’re a haulier, bus company or use commercial vehicle in your business, sign up

to the ECO-Stars (Efficient and Cleaner Operations) Fleet Recognition Scheme to

help your company become more fuel efficient and therefore save money and reduce

vehicle emissions.

https://modeshiftstars.org/

http://www.ecostars-uk.com/


LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 v

Table of Contents Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area .......................................................... i

Air Quality in Stoke-on-Trent ............................................................................................... i

Actions to Improve Air Quality ........................................................................................... iii

Local Priorities and Challenges ......................................................................................... iii

How to Get Involved.......................................................................................................... iii

1 Local Air Quality Management ........................................................................ 1

2 Actions to Improve Air Quality ........................................................................ 2

2.1 Air Quality Management Areas .............................................................................. 2

2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in Stoke-on-Trent .......... 2

2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and/or

Concentrations.................................................................................................................. 8

2.3.1 Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Levels in Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent ................... 8

2.3.2 PM2.5 and Mortality in Staffordshire & Stoke-on-Trent ........................................... 9

2.3.3 Actions being taken within Staffordshire to reduce PM2.5 ............................................ 11

2.3.4 PM2.5 in Staffordshire & Stoke-on-Trent - Next steps ................................................... 19

3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance .................................................................... 20

3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken .....................................................................20

3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites .......................................................................................... 20

3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites................................................................................... 21

3.2 Individual Pollutants .............................................................................................21

3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)................................................................................................. 21

3.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM10) .............................................................................................. 26

3.2.3 Particulate Matter (PM2.5) ............................................................................................. 26

Appendix A: Monitoring Results ........................................................................... 27

Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2015 ................................ 43

Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC ............................................................................................................. 49

Appendix D: Maps of Monitoring Locations and Trend Charts .......................... 55

Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England .............................. 77

Glossary of Terms .................................................................................................. 78


LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 vi

List of Tables

Table 2.1 – Declared Air Quality Management Areas .................................................. 2 Table 2.2 – Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality .......................................... 4 Table 2.3 - Annual Mean PM10 and PM2.5 Results of monitoring by Staffordshire

Authorities 2011 to 2015 ............................................................................. 9 Table 2.4 - Public Health Outcomes Framework Indicator 3.01- Fraction of annual all

cause adult mortality attributable to anthropogenic (human made) particulate air pollution (measured as fine particulate matter, PM2.5) for Staffordshire Authorities 2010 to 2013 ...................................................... 10

Table 2.5 - Estimated number of deaths by local authority area attributable to PM2.5 within Staffordshire for adults over 30- 2011 to 2013 ................................ 10

Table 2.6 - Actions being taken within Staffordshire to reduce PM2.6 ....................... 12

Table A.1 – Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites ..................................................... 27 Table A.2 – Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites ............................................. 28 Table A.3 – Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results .................................................... 33 Table A.4 – 1-Hour Mean NO2 Monitoring Results .................................................... 40 Table A.5 – Annual Mean PM10 Monitoring Results................................................... 41 Table A.6 – 24-Hour Mean PM10 Monitoring Results ................................................. 41 Table A.7 – PM2.5 Monitoring Results ........................................................................ 42 Table B.1 – NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results - 2015 ........................................... 43 Table B.2 – NO2 Distance Correction Calculations - 2015......................................... 48 Table C.1 – Staffordshire Scientific Services diffusion tube precision ....................... 52 Table C.2 - Staffordshire Scientific Services WASP precision ................................... 53 Table C.3 – Short-term to long-term factors .............................................................. 54 Table E.1 – Air Quality Objectives in England ........................................................... 77

List of Figures and Charts Figure 3.1 - Etruria Road, Basford ............................................................................. 23 Figure D.1 - Automatic monitors CM1 and CM2 ........................................................ 55 Figure D.2 – Automatic monitors CM3 & CM5 ........................................................... 56 Figure D.3 – Automatic monitor CM6 ........................................................................ 57 Chart D1 – Automatic monitors annual mean NO2 .................................................... 57 Chart D2 – Automatic monitors annual mean PM10 ................................................... 57 Chart D3 – Automatic monitors annual mean PM2.5 .................................................. 58 Figure D.4 – Diffusion Tube Background Sites (DT1 & DT3) .................................... 58 Chart D4 – Diffusion tube annual mean NO2 – Background sites .............................. 59

Figure D.5 - Diffusion tube sites Scotia Road, Burslem ............................................. 60 Chart D5 – Diffusion tube annual mean NO2 – Scotia Road, Burslem ...................... 60 Figure D.6 - Diffusion tube sites Burslem Centre ....................................................... 60

Chart D6 – Diffusion tube annual mean NO2 – Burslem Centre ................................ 61 Figure D.7 - Diffusion tube sites Middleport ............................................................... 61 Chart D7 – Diffusion tube annual mean NO2 – Middleport ........................................ 62

Figure D.8 - Diffusion tube site Milton ........................................................................ 62 Chart D8 – Diffusion tube annual mean NO2 – Milton ............................................... 63 Figure D.9 - Diffusion tube sites Cobridge ................................................................. 63

Chart D9 – Diffusion tube annual mean NO2 – Cobridge .......................................... 64 Figure D.10 - Diffusion tube sites Hanley (North) ...................................................... 64

Chart D10 – Diffusion tube annual mean NO2 – Hanley (north) ................................ 65 Figure D.11 - Diffusion tube sites Hanley (South) ...................................................... 65


LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 vii

Chart D11 – Diffusion tube annual mean NO2 – Hanley (south) ................................ 66 Figure D.12 - Diffusion tube sites Joiners Square .................................................... 66 Chart D12 – Diffusion tube annual mean NO2 – Joiners Square ............................... 67 Figure D.13 - Diffusion tube sites Basford (West) ...................................................... 68 Figure D.14 - Diffusion tube sites Basford (East) ...................................................... 69 Chart D13 - Diffusion tube annual mean NO2 – Basford ........................................... 69 Figure D.15 - Diffusion tube sites Stoke (North) ........................................................ 69 Figure D.16 - Diffusion tube site Stoke (South) ......................................................... 71 Chart D14 - Diffusion tube annual mean NO2 – Stoke .............................................. 71 Figure D.17 - Diffusion tube sites Fenton .................................................................. 72 Chart D15 - Diffusion tube annual mean NO2 – Fenton ............................................ 72 Figure D.18 - Diffusion tube site Hanford................................................................... 72 Chart D16 - Diffusion tube annual mean NO2 – Hanford .......................................... 73

Figure D.19 - Diffusion tube sites Bucknall ................................................................ 73 Chart D17 - Diffusion tube annual mean NO2 – Bucknall .......................................... 74 Figure D.20 - Diffusion tube sites Meir ...................................................................... 74 Chart D18 - Diffusion tube annual mean NO2 – Meir (north of A50) ......................... 75 Chart D19 - Diffusion tube annual mean NO2 – Meir (south of A50) ......................... 76 Chart D20 - Diffusion tube annual mean NO2 – Meir (Weston Rd & Sandon Rd) ..... 76


LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 1

1 Local Air Quality Management This report provides an overview of air quality in Stoke-on-Trent during 2015. It fulfils

the requirements of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) as set out in Part IV of

the Environment Act (1995) and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance

documents.

The LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review

and assess air quality in their area and to determine whether or not the air quality

objectives are likely to be achieved. Where an exceedance is considered likely the

local authority must declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare

an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to put in place

in pursuit of the objectives. This Annual Status Report (ASR) is produced to

demonstrate the strategies employed by Stoke-on-Trent City Council to improve air

quality and report on any progress that has been made.

The statutory air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England, can be found in

Table E.1 in Appendix E.



2 Actions to Improve Air Quality 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas

Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) are declared when there is an exceedance

or likely exceedance of an air quality objective. After declaration, the authority must

prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP), within 12-18 months, setting out

measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives.

A summary of the AQMA declared by Stoke-on-Trent City Council can be found in

Table 2.1. Further information related to declared or revoked AQMAs, including maps

of AQMA boundaries are available online.

Table 2.1 – Declared Air Quality Management Areas

AQMA Name

Pollutants and Air Quality

Objectives

City / Town One Line Description Action Plan

Stoke-on-Trent Air Quality Management Area

NO2 annual mean

NO2 1-hour mean

Whole city

The AQMA includes the whole of the city.

City-wide Air Quality Action Plan Stoke-on-Trent City Council

2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in Stoke-on-Trent

Stoke-on-Trent City Council has taken forward a number of measures during the

current reporting year of 2015 in pursuit of improving local air quality. Details of all

measures completed and their status are set out in Table 2.2. More detail on these

measures can be found in the respective Action Plan.

Key completed measures are:

AQ1 – this is a phased programme; two phases have been completed, a third

phase is underway and remaining phases will follow as funding becomes

available.









AQ7b - relates to 45 primary schools promoting Walk once a Week (WoW)

through 2015/16. Sustained walking rates show a 14% increase on baseline

for two and four years. This equates to 14,093 students across participating

schools, an increase of 1,127 students walking to school in Stoke-on-Trent.

Eleven schools promoted walk to school through the Free your Feet (FyF)

initiative, resulting in a 13% increase in walking.

AQ7c - this project will end in July 2016 when funding expires. Fourteen

Schools were engaged during the last financial year, representing 6,642 pupils

(however some pupils may have attended more than one event and therefore

counted more than once).

The following measure in the AQAP have been completed AQ2, AQ3, AQ4b, AQ4c,

AQ5b, AQ6, AQ7a, AQ7b (possible end of funding), AQ7c (funding end), AQ8 and

AQ9. Stoke-on-Trent City Council expects the following measure to be completed

over the course of the next reporting year:

AQ10 Eco-Stars Fleet Recognition Scheme – this was initially a two year

project. Though it is hoped that further funding sources will be obtained so that

the scheme can expand.

Stoke-on-Trent City Council’s priority for the coming year is for the AQSG to meet to

enable the Air Quality Strategy and Air Quality Action Plan to be revised to include

measures to reduce concentrations of NO2 in particular in the Basford area and

actions that will help to reduce PM2.5 city-wide.



Table 2.2 – Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality

Measure No. Measure EU Category EU

Classification Lead

Authority Planning

Phase Implementation

Phase Key

Performance Indicator

Target Pollution Reduction in the

AQMA Progress to

Date Estimated

Completion Date

Comments

AQ1

Burslem Town Centre Traffic Management Improvements

Traffic Management

UTC, Congestion

management, traffic reduction

SoTCC Technical Services Division

2013/14 2014/15 - 2018/19

Improved journey times.

Improved mode share of journey.

Improved average

congestion (miles/minute)

Calculated Annual NOx

Reductions 299 kg/yr

Ongoing construction 2018/19

Expected emission reduction

7%

AQ2

Cobridge Traffic Management Improvements

(including Waterloo Road

Corridor)

Traffic Management

UTC, Congestion



Complete Complete



Improved average




Complete Completed 2013/14


2%

AQ3 Victoria Road

Corridor Improvements

Traffic Management

Strategic highway

improvements, Re-prioritising

road space away from cars, inc Access

management, Selective

vehicle priority, bus priority, high vehicle occupancy

lane


Complete Complete



Improved average






4%




Classification Lead

Authority Planning


Phase Key



AQMA Progress to

Date Estimated

Completion Date

Comments

AQ4a Lichfield Street Improvements

Transport Planning and Infrastructure

Bus route improvements


2016/17 2017/18 - 2018/19



Improved average




Preliminary design 2018/19


3%

AQ4b

Leek Road / Victoria Road

Junction - Safety Scheme

Promoting Travel

Alternatives

Promotion of walking


Complete Complete





3%

AQ4c City Road Corridor

Improvements

Promoting Travel

Alternatives

Promotion of cycling


Complete Complete



Improved average






3%

AQ5a

Station Gateway

(Phase 1), University

Quarter (Phase 2) and Uni Boulevard (Phase 3)

Promoting Travel

Alternatives

Promote use of rail and inland

waterways


Ph. 2 - 2016/17 Ph. 2 - 2017/18



Ph. 1 completed.

Ph. 2 - preliminary

design.

Ph. 1 completed 2011/12 Ph. 2 -

2017/18


3%

AQ5b

Leek Road Traffic

Management Improvements

Traffic Management

UTC, Congestion



Complete Complete





3%




Classification Lead

Authority Planning


Phase Key



AQMA Progress to

Date Estimated

Completion Date

Comments

AQ6

Victoria Street / Shelton New

Road Junction Improvement

Promoting Travel

Alternatives

Promotion of walking


Complete Complete



Improved average



Reductions 21 kg/yr



0.24%

AQ7a Parking

restrictions outside schools

Promoting Travel

Alternatives

School Travel Plans


Complete Complete



Improved average






7%

AQ7b Walk to School

Outreach– Living Streets

Promoting Travel

Alternatives

School Travel Plans


Complete Ongoing



Improved average




Walk Once a Week (WoW) walking

rates of 14% increase on

baseline. Free your Feet (FyF)

13% increase in

walking.

March 2017


7%

AQ7c Access to

Education - Sustrans

Promoting Travel

Alternatives

School Travel Plans


Complete Ongoing



Improved average




July 2016


7%




Classification Lead

Authority Planning


Phase Key



AQMA Progress to

Date Estimated

Completion Date

Comments

AQ8

Stoking Employment in

North Staffordshire

Promoting Travel

Alternatives

Workplace Travel

Planning


Complete Complete



Improved average


Calculated Annual NOx Reductions 17,750 kg/yr

Complete Completed March 2015


1%

AQ9 Clean Air Grant Promoting Low

Emission Transport

Procuring alternative Refuelling

infrastructure to promote

Low Emission Vehicles, EV recharging,

Gas fuel recharging


Complete Complete



Improved average



Reductions 57 kg/yr



14%

AQ10

Staffordshire ECO Stars

Fleet Recognition

Scheme

Vehicle Fleet Efficiency

Fleet efficiency and

recognition schemes

Cannock Chase District Council

Complete Ongoing Reduced emissions

Expected emission

reduction 7 tonne NOx/yr, 2.22

tonne PM10/yr, 11615 tonne

CO2/yr

41 members representing

2,995 vehicles

(at end June 2016)

2018/19

Expected emission reduction 7 tonne NOx/yr,

2.22 tonne PM10/yr,

11615 tonne

CO2/yr



2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and/or Concentrations

As detailed in Policy Guidance LAQM.PG16 (Chapter 7), local authorities are

expected to work towards reducing emissions and/or concentrations of PM2.5

(particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less). There is clear

evidence that PM2.5 has a significant impact on human health, including premature

mortality, allergic reactions, and cardiovascular diseases.

Particulate matter, or PM, is the term use to describe particles found in the air,

including dust, dirt and liquid droplets. PM comes from both natural and man-made

sources, including traffic emissions and Saharan-Sahel dust. These particles can be

suspended in the air for long periods of time, and can travel across large distances.

PM less than 10 micrometers in diameter (PM10) pose a health concern because they

can be inhaled into and accumulate in the respiratory system. PM less than 2.5

micrometers in diameter (PM2.5) are referred to as "fine" particles and are believed to

pose the greatest health risks, as they can lodge deeply into the lungs and also pass

into the bloodstream.

PM2.5 is the pollutant which has the biggest impact on public health and on which the

Public Health Outcomes Framework (PHOF) indicator 3.0110 is based.

The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) undertook a review in February 2016 11

where they found that long term exposure to air pollution impairs lung function growth

in children, and that outdoor exposure is linked to lung cancer in adults. Within

Staffordshire it is estimated that 5% of all deaths can be attributed to exposure to

PM2.5, compared to 5.3% across England (40,000 deaths annually). Overall, the

estimated cost to individuals and society is more than £20 billion annually for the UK.

2.3.1 Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Levels in Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent

A number of the Staffordshire Authorities currently monitor locally for PM10. Defra’s

Automatic Urban and Rural Network (AURN) site Stoke-on-Trent Centre has a

dedicated PM2.5 monitor. Table presents data on the local level of PM2.5 annual mean

10 10 Public Health Outcomes Framework 2016-2019Indicator 3.01 Fraction of mortality attributable to particulate air pollution

https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/520457/At_a_glance.pdf

11 [‘Every Breath we Take: The Lifelong Impact of Air Pollution; Report of a working Party, February 2016, ISBN 978-1-86016-567-2],




concentrations for the Staffordshire Authorities. Where the data is derived from PM10

monitoring this has been adjusted by applying a correction factor of 0.7 to derive the

PM2.5 component. The correction factor has been derived from the average of all

ratios of PM2.5/PM10 for the years from 2010 to 2014 for forty sites within the

Automatic Urban and Rural Network (AURN) where these substances are measured

on an hourly basis and follows the guidance published in LAQM (TG16).

Table 2.3 - Annual Mean PM10 and PM2.5 Results of monitoring by Staffordshire Authorities 2011 to 2015

Annual Mean PM10 and PM2.5

Results from monitoring by Staffordshire Authorities 2011 to 2015

Authority Site Type Monitor Location OS Grid Ref

Year

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Newcastle under Lyme Roadside Queen’s

Gardens E385057 N346137

PM10 - 14.9 22.5 22 22.9

PM2.5 - 10.43(1) 15.75(1) 15.4(1) 16(1)

Cannock Chase Roadside

Watling Street,

Bridgtown SJ980086

PM10 22 23 21 19.6 -(2)

PM2.5 15.4(1) 16.1(1) 14.7(1) 13.7(1)

Stoke on Trent

Roadside A50 Meir Tunnel

E392548 N342572

PM10 - - - - 20(3)

PM2.5 - - - - 14(3)

Urban background

Stoke on Trent

Central

E388351 N347895 PM2.5 12 11 10 10 12

Roadside Middleport E385780 N349376

PM10

25 24 25 24 22

PM2.5 18(1) 17(1)1 18(1) 17(1) 15(1)

East Staffordshire Roadside Derby Turn

E424671 N324019

PM10 26.9 25.4 29 31 23

PM2.5 18.8(1) 17.8(1) 20.3(1) 21.7(1) 16.1(1)

Notes: (1)PM2.5 results are derived from PM10 monitored results corrected with a 0.7 correction factor in accordance with TG16 - Annex B: Derivation of PM2.5 to PM10 Ratio. All other results are directly monitored. (2)Cannock Chase Watling Street Bridgwtown PM10 monitor decommissioned (3) Valid data capture for 2015 was 59%. The site was commissioned on 22 May 2015.

As can be seen from the results, concentrations of PM2.5 within the Staffordshire

Authorities are below the 2020 EU limit value of 25µg/m3.

2.3.2 PM2.5 and Mortality in Staffordshire & Stoke-on-Trent

Although the levels of PM2.5 within the County and City of Stoke on Trent are below

the 2020 EU Limit value, the impact on adult mortality directly attributable to PM2.5 is

nonetheless still an important public health issue within Staffordshire and Stoke-on-

Trent. This is revealed in data obtained from Public Health England used to inform



Public Health Outcomes Framework indicator 3.0112, as shown in Table 2.4. The

data presented to 2013 is the latest data available at time of publication of this report.

Approximately 5% of deaths within the County can be attributed to PM2.5.

The percentage estimated number of deaths attributable to PM2.5 in adults over 30

has been translated into the estimated number of attributable deaths for each local

authority area within Staffordshire, and are shown in Table 2.5.

Table 2.4 - Public Health Outcomes Framework Indicator 3.01- Fraction of annual all cause adult mortality attributable to anthropogenic (human made) particulate air pollution (measured as fine particulate matter, PM2.5) for Staffordshire Authorities 2010 to 2013

District/County Percentage

Newcastle-under-Lyme 4.8%

Stafford 4.8%

East Staffordshire 5.0%

South Staffordshire 4.9%

Lichfield 5.1%

Staffordshire Moorlands 4.4%

Cannock Chase 5.0%

Tamworth 5.4%

Stoke-on-Trent 5.1%

Staffordshire County 4.9%

England 5.3%

Table 2.5 - Estimated number of deaths by local authority area attributable to PM2.5 within Staffordshire for adults over 30- 2011 to 2013

Estimated numbers of annual all-cause adult mortality attributable to anthropogenic (human-made) particulate air pollution (measured as fine particulate matter, PM2.5*) for Staffordshire 2011 to 2013Error!

Bookmark not defined.

* Fraction of annual all-cause adult mortality attributable to anthropogenic (human-made) particulate air pollution (measured as fine particulate matter, PM2.5*)

2011 2012 2013

District/County Deaths - all

causes persons 30+

Percentage* Estimated attributable

deaths

Deaths - all causes

persons 30+ Percentage*

Estimated attributable

deaths

Deaths - all causes

persons 30+ Percentage*

Estimated attributable

deaths

Newcastle-under-Lyme 1187 4.8% 57 1218 4.6% 56 1295 4.9% 63

Stafford 1178 4.7% 55 1195 4.6% 55 1261 4.9% 62

East Staffordshire 972 4.9% 48 966 4.8% 46 1097 5.1% 56

12 Public Health Outcomes Framework 2016-2019Indicator 3.01 Fraction of mortality attributable to particulate air pollution





South Staffordshire 1009 4.9% 49 1162 4.8% 56 1102 5.1% 56

Lichfield 902 5.1% 46 953 5.0% 47 1050 5.1% 54

Staffordshire Moorlands 927 4.4% 41 1020 4.2% 43 1085 4.7% 51

Cannock Chase 766 5.0% 38 844 4.8% 41 787 5.1% 40

Tamworth 532 5.4% 29 553 5.2% 29 592 5.5% 33

Staffordshire County 7473 4.9% 366 7911 4.7% 372 8269 5.0% 417

Stoke-on-Trent 2252 5.2% 117 2386 4.9% 117 2412 5.2% 124

2.3.3 Actions being taken within Staffordshire to reduce PM2.5

A number of the Staffordshire Authorities are currently involved in implementing

measures to reduce levels of N02 within their areas, which are detailed elsewhere in

this report. Whilst there is currently no statutory duty imposed on Local Authorities in

England to reduce PM2.5, a number of the measures are complementary. A mapping

exercise completed by the Staffordshire Air Quality Forum members details the

measures currently in place which are considered to have an impact in reducing

PM2.5 within the County. These are produced in Table 2.6. Actions taken by Stoke-

on-Trent City Council are highlighted in yellow.



Table 2.6 - Actions being taken within Staffordshire to reduce PM2.6

Measures category

Measure Classification

Effect on reducing NOx and

PM10 emissions

(low, medium,

high)

Reduces PM2.5

emissions

Local Authority

Stoke on Trent CC

Staffordshire Moorlands

DC

Newcastle-under-Lyme

BC Stafford BC Cannock

Chase DC East Staffs BC Lichfield DC South Staffs DC

Tamworth BC

Traffic Management

Urban Traffic Control systems, Congestion management, traffic reduction

low

http://www.stoke.gov.uk/ccm/navigation/transport-and-streets/traffic-

and-travel/

SCOOT in areas of

Newcastle Town Centre AQMA and Kidsgrove AQMA

Reduction of speed limits, 20mph zones

low

multiple 20mph zones

in place as shown on cycle map:

Road User Charging (RUC)/ Congestion charging

low

Anti-idling enforcement low Advisory

Other

Promoting Travel Alternatives

Workplace Travel Planning

low Travel Plan Grant Scheme

https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk/transport/greentravel/travelplans/home.aspx

Encourage / Facilitate home-working

low

Agile working adopted by Stoke-

on-Trent CC

Agile working adopted by

Newcastle under Lyme B.C.

School Travel Plans low

Modeshift STARS

https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk/transport/Stafford/Schools/School-Travel-STARS.aspx

Promotion of cycling low

Stoke-on-Trent Cycle

Map & Guide

https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk/transport/greentravel/cycling/Cycling.aspx

http://www.stoke.gov.uk/ccm/navigation/transport-and-streets/traffic-and-travel/






http://www.stoke.gov.uk/ccm/content/leisure-and-culture/sports-and-cycling/cycle-stoke-pages/get-around/stoke-on-trent-cycle-map-and-guide.en







https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk/transport/greentravel/travelplans/home.aspx

https://modeshiftstars.org/schools.php

https://modeshiftstars.org/schools.php







Promotion of walking low Travel Smart https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk/Search.aspx?search_keywords=walking

Share a Lift Scheme

Stoke-on-Trent Liftshare

https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk/transport/greentravel/carsharing/Q002.aspx

Promote use of rail and inland waterways

medium

North Staffodshire Community

Rail Partnership

Transport Planning and Infrastructure

Local Transport Plans and District Strategies

high Local

Transport Plan

https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk/transport/transportplanning/localtransportplan/draftnewcastleboroughtrans

portstrategy.pdf

Public transport improvements-interchanges stations and services

low

Improvements around Stoke-

on-Trent railway station

in development

Kidsgrove Station Interchange planned for 2018 www.northstaffsrail.org.uk/kidsgrove-station-project/

Public cycle hire scheme low

Stoke Railway Station

'Brompton Dock' Bike

Hire & Cycle Hub

Cycle network low

Stoke-on-Trent Cycle

Map & Guide


Bus route improvements high

Improvements around Stoke-

on-Trent railway station

in development - station road bus routes

Alternatives to private vehicle use

Bus based Park & Ride medium

Kidsgrove Station Interchange planned for 2018 www.northstaffsrail.org.uk/kidsgrove-station-project/

Car Clubs low

http://travelsmartns.co.uk/how-to-travel-smart/cycling/

https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk/Search.aspx?search_keywords=walking

https://stoke.liftshare.com/

https://stoke.liftshare.com/

https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk/transport/greentravel/carsharing/Q002.aspx

http://www.stoke.gov.uk/ccm/content/transport-and-streets/transport/public-transport/north-staffordshire-community-rail-partnership.en





http://www.stoke.gov.uk/ccm/navigation/transport-and-streets/local-transport-plan/

http://www.stoke.gov.uk/ccm/navigation/transport-and-streets/local-transport-plan/

https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk/transport/transportplanning/localtransportplan/draftnewcastleboroughtransportstrategy.pdf


















Policy Guidance and Development Control

Planning applications to require assessment of exposure / emissions for development requiring air quality impact assessment

high

Local Validation List https://www.newcastle-staffs.gov.uk/all-services/planning/planning-applications/information-requirements-and-validation-planning

Air Quality Strategy

Local Air Quality

Strategy - Stoke-on-Trent City

Council

To include PM2.5 in emerging AQS

Planning Guidance for developers

To develop planning guidance for developers and to develop into SPD once Local Plan Polices in Place

To develop planning guidance for developers and to develop into SPD once Local Plan Polices in Place

Developer Contributions based on damage cost calcualtion

To develop polices to secure contributions to offset pollution

To develop polices to secure contributions to offset pollution

Planning Policies

To influence polices to support improvement in

emissions through development of

Staffordshire and Stoke on Trent Joint Local Plan

http://www.stoke.gov.uk/ccm/content/planning/planning-

general/local-development-

framework/joint-local-plan.en

To influence polices to support

improvement in emissions through

development of Staffordshire and

Stoke on Trent Joint Local Plan

http://www.stoke.gov.uk/ccm/content/plan

ning/planning-general/local-development-

framework/joint-local-plan.en

To influence polices to support improvement in emissions through development of Staffordshire and Stoke on Trent Joint Local Plan http://www.stoke.gov.uk/ccm/content/planning/planning-general/local-development-framework/joint-local-plan.en

STOR Sites (Short Term Operating Reserve) Energy Generation . Regulation via planning / permitting regime

high To lobby Central Government via appropriate forums (e.g. Staffordshire Air Quality Forum / Midlands Joint Advisory Council) for consideration

of air quality implications at a national level and to support local authorities and developers with apprpropiate guidance

http://www.stoke.gov.uk/ccm/content/environment/environmental-health/pollution/air-quality/air-quality-strategy.en








Low Emissions Strategy high

Freight and Delivery Management

Freight Consolidation Centre

medium

Route Management Plans/ Strategic routing strategy for HGV's

high https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk/transport/transportplanning/localtransportplan/appendixl-staffordshirefreightstrategy.pdf

Quiet & out of hours delivery low

Delivery and Service plans medium

Freight Partnerships for city centre deliveries

high

Vehicle Fleet Efficiency

Driver training and ECO driving aids

medium

Promoting low emission public transport

high

Vehicle retrofitting programmes

medium

Fleet efficiency and recognition schemes

medium Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent Eco-Stars http://www.ecostars-uk.com/eco-stars-schemes/

Promoting low emission transport

Low emission zone (LEZ) Clean Air Zone (CAZ)

high

Public Vehicle Procurement -Prioritising uptake of low emission vehicles

high

https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk/transport/transportplanning/localtransportplan/appendixl-staffordshirefreightstrategy.pdf

http://www.ecostars-uk.com/eco-stars-schemes/



Company Vehicle Procurement -Prioritising uptake of low emission vehicles

high

Procuring alternative Refuelling infrastructure to promote Low Emission Vehicles, EV recharging, Gas fuel recharging

high

Priority parking for LEV's high

Electric Vehicle

Charging Spaces

Taxi Licensing conditions medium

Hackney Carriage &

Private Hire Licensing

Policy 2016-2019 (Draft)

Taxi emission incentives medium

Environmental permits

Introduction/increase of environment charges through permit systems and economic instruments (Permit fees set centrally)

medium

Measures to reduce pollution through IPPC Permits going beyond BAT

medium https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/211863/env-permitting-general-guidance-a.pdf (Chapter 15)

http://www.stoke.gov.uk/ccm/content/transport-and-streets/parking/general-parking-information/electric-vehicle-charging-spaces.en




http://www.stoke.gov.uk/ccm/cms-service/download/asset/?asset_id=1025016






https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/211863/env-permitting-general-guidance-a.pdf%20%20%20(Chapter%2015)



Large Combustion Plant Permits and National Plans going beyond BAT

high

Other ??

Other measures

Smoky Diesel Hotline https://www.gov.uk/report-smoky-vehicle

A5 and M6 Partnership

http://www.hinckley-bosworth.gov.uk/info/10020/strategies_plans_and_policies/1272/a5_pa

rtnership

http://www.hinckley-bosworth.gov.uk/info/10020/strategies_plans_and_policies/1272/a5_partnership

Domestic Smoke Control advice and Enforcement

Smoke Control

Advice

https://www.newcastle-

staffs.gov.uk/all-

services/environment/environm

ental-protection/smo

ke-control-advice

Garden Bonfires - Advice and nuisance enforcement

Bonfires Advice

www.newcastle-

staffs.gov.uk/bonfires

Commercial burning advice and enforcement

https://www.newcastle-staffs.gov.uk/all-

services/environment/environmental-

protection/commercial-burning

Multi agency working with Fire Service and Environment Agency for trade burning

Information shared as appropriate

https://www.gov.uk/report-smoky-vehicle






http://www.stoke.gov.uk/ccm/content/environment/environmental-health/pollution/air-quality/smoke-control-areas.en

http://www.stoke.gov.uk/ccm/content/environment/environmental-health/pollution/air-quality/smoke-control-areas.en

https://www.newcastle-staffs.gov.uk/all-services/environment/environmental-protection/smoke-control-advice










http://www.stoke.gov.uk/ccm/content/environment/environmental-health/pollution/air-quality/bonfires.en

http://www.stoke.gov.uk/ccm/content/environment/environmental-health/pollution/air-quality/bonfires.en

http://www.newcastle-staffs.gov.uk/bonfires



https://www.newcastle-staffs.gov.uk/all-services/environment/environmental-protection/commercial-burning








Multi agency working with Staffordshire Fire Service and Local Authority Building Control regarding chimney fires and complaints about DIY domestic heating systems

Information shared as appropriate

Stoke on Trent Low Carbon District Heat Network

High

Stoke-on-Trent Low

Carbon Distric Heating Network

http://www.stoke.gov.uk/ccm/navigation/re

generation/green-projects/

http://www.stoke.gov.uk/ccm/navigation/regeneration/green-projects/







2.3.4 PM2.5 in Staffordshire & Stoke-on-Trent - Next steps

As PM2.5 is an issue requiring collaboration between the district, county and city

authorities within Staffordshire, the following actions are proposed in addition to

those outlined in the action plan. Progress on these and the action plan will be

detailed in the 2017 ASR.

To agree a target for reducing Fraction of All-Cause Mortality from PM2.5 in

each district, city and county authority by 2020

To agree a target for reducing PM2.5 exposure (calculated from PM10 exposure

/ background maps / local monitoring where available)

To maintain compliance with the 2020 EU limit value of 25µg/m3

To include Public Health Outcome Framework Indicator 3.01 in the

Staffordshire and District Authority and City Council Joint Strategic Needs

Assessment for 2016/2017 onwards and to report progress to the relevant

Health and Wellbeing Boards.

To continue to identify risks affecting PM2.5 which need to be addressed at a

national level e.g.

A number of authorities within Staffordshire are receiving applications

for STOR (Short Term Operating Reserve) sites to supplement power

to the National Electricity Grid at times of peak demand. These sites

typically operate during the autumn/winter months and can be high

emitters of PM. There is currently a conflict in national policy which is

seeking security of energy supply and the drive to reduce

anthropogenic PM2.5. Recent approaches to DEFRA have revealed a

lack of suitable guidance to local authorities and STOR operators.

To lobby for a suitable damage cost calculation to reflect the cost to

society from PM2.5 and to support this through local and national

planning policies.

13

13 http://www.phoutcomes.info/public-health-outcomes-framework#page/3/gid/1000043/pat/6/par/E12000005/ati/102/are/E10000028/iid/30101/age/230/sex/4)

http://www.phoutcomes.info/public-health-outcomes-framework#page/3/gid/1000043/pat/6/par/E12000005/ati/102/are/E10000028/iid/30101/age/230/sex/4

http://www.phoutcomes.info/public-health-outcomes-framework#page/3/gid/1000043/pat/6/par/E12000005/ati/102/are/E10000028/iid/30101/age/230/sex/4



3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance

3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken 3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites

Stoke-on-Trent City Council undertook automatic (continuous) monitoring at three

council owned sites during 2015. There was no change in the local monitoring

strategy.

In 2015, the number of national Automatic Urban and Rural Network (AURN) sites

located in the city increased from one (CM1) to two. The new site, CM6 is located on

Railway Road, Meir and monitors nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulates (PM10)

produced mainly by traffic on the A50 trunk road. The PM10 monitor which had

formerly been located at site CM1 was decommissioned on 22 February 2015 and

moved to the new site. This resulted in a monitoring period for PM10 at CM1 of less

than two months; therefore, PM10 data for CM1 has not been included in this report.

The new AURN site, CM6 was commission on 22 May 2015. A correction factor has

been applied to estimate the annual mean concentrations for NO2 and PM10 from

short term monitoring, in accordance with Local Air Quality Management Technical

Guidance (LAQM TG (16). Table A.1 in Appendix A shows the details of the sites.

Local authorities do not have to report annually on the following pollutants: 1,3

butadiene, benzene, carbon monoxide and lead, unless local circumstances indicate

there is a problem. National monitoring results are available at https://uk-

air.defra.gov.uk/data/

Maps showing the location of automatic monitoring sites are provided in Appendix D.

Further details on how the monitors are calibrated and how the data has been

adjusted are included in Appendix C.

https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/data/

https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/data/



3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

Stoke-on-Trent City Council undertook non-automatic (passive) monitoring of NO2 at

60 sites during 2015. Table A.2 in Appendix A shows the details of the sites. Though

there was no change to the monitoring strategy, two diffusion tube sites were

decommissioned at the end of 2014.

DT54 was decommissioned as concentrations at this location had remained below 40

µg/m³ and there were no receptor locations nearby. Site DT62 had been set up at the

request of a local resident, who had concerns that traffic pollution at this location was

poor. The 2014 annual mean was significantly lower than the annual mean objective

at 28.1 µg/m³, therefore, monitoring was discontinued at this site also.

Maps showing the location of the non-automatic monitoring sites are provided in

Appendix D. Further details on Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) and bias

adjustment for the diffusion tubes are included in Appendix C.

3.2 Individual Pollutants The air quality monitoring results presented in this section are, where relevant,

adjusted for “annualisation” and bias. Further details on adjustments are provided in

Appendix C.

Monitoring trends are shown in the charts included in Appendix D.

3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

The whole of the city is covered by the City-wide Air Quality Management Area,

therefore no exceedance of the nitrogen dioxide annual or hourly mean objectives

occur outside of the AQMA.



Table A.3 in Appendix A compares the ratified and adjusted monitored NO2 annual

mean concentrations for the past five years with the air quality objective of 40µg/m3.

For diffusion tubes, the full 2015 dataset of monthly mean values is provided in

Appendix B.



Table A.4 in Appendix A compares the ratified continuous monitored NO2 hourly

mean concentrations for the past five years with the air quality objective of 200µg/m3

not to be exceeded more than 18 times per year. The hourly mean objected was not

exceeded at any of the automatic monitoring sites.

It is encouraging to see a general downward trend NO2 concentration in all areas of

the city with the exception of Basford.

Monitoring at Basford indicates that there is no overall increasing or decreasing trend

in concentration. Monitoring locations in this area are all sited on the A53, Etruria

Road, which is a heavily trafficked route between the city centre, the A500(T) and the

centre of the Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme. The boundary between the two

local authorities runs along the A53 centre-line. Residential properties in the area are

typically terraced properties located to the back of pavement. Both automatic and

diffusion tube monitoring is carried out in the Basford area. The highest concentration

is seen at diffusion tube DT17, located near to the property closest to the A53,

number 481 Etruria Road. After applying the distance correction to account for the

tube being closer to the road than the property, the concentration at this property is

calculated to be 71.8 µg/m³ and therefore the hourly mean objective is likely to be

exceeded at this location also.

Automatic monitor CM5 is also located on Etruria Road, adjacent to house number

473. As the monitor is closer to the road than number 473 a distance correction

calculation was carried out resulting in a likely concentration at the property of 40.3

µg/m³. The difference in concentration between DT17 and CM5 is due to the

properties not being aligned parallel to the road, with number 473 being 10m from the

road, while number 481 is only 2.6m from the road, as shown in the Figure 3.1 below.



Figure 3.1 - Etruria Road, Basford

Monitoring at two other locations on Etruria Road Basford also exceed the annual

mean objective. Monitoring data at CM5 shows that the NO2 hourly mean objective

has not been exceeded at this site since monitoring began in 2012.

The Stoke-on-Trent Air Quality Strategy Group (AQSG) will meet in 2016 to prioritise

actions that can be put in place to reduce NO2 specifically in the Basford area of the

city. Diffusion tube monitoring at Basford will also be expanded to include Victoria

Street between the junctions of Shelton New Road and Etruria Road, to inform and

monitor the AQSG actions.

Exceedances of the annual mean NO2 objective that remain in other areas of the city

are detailed below. The trend in concentration for each area of monitoring is also

discussed below.

Trends in automatic monitoring

There has been a general downward trend in concentrations of annual mean NO2 at

all long-term automatic monitoring sites, as shown in Chart D.1. However, monitoring

shows that the annual mean objective of 40 µg/m³ was exceeded at CM5 and CM6.

CM5 is located near to residential properties on the A53, Etruria Road at Basford.

Site CM6 is located on Railway Road, Meir adjacent to the A50 trunk. Residential

properties are located on the opposite side of Railway Road and further away from

the A50(T) than the monitoring station. The Defra owned CM6 site was



commissioned in May of 2015, resulting in data capture for 2015 of only 57%. A

short-term to long-term correction calculation was carried out in accordance with

LAQM TG (16) guidance to calculate the likely annual mean for this monitor.

Trends in diffusion tube monitoring

Diffusion tube background NO2 sites show a general downward trend in

concentrations since monitoring began in 1996 – see Chart D4.

Diffusion tube monitoring at Scotia Road, Burslem shows a significant reduction in

concentrations since monitoring began in 2005, with all results remaining below the

annual mean objective since 2011 – Chart D5.

Results for Burslem Centre diffusion tubes also continue to show a general

downward trend in concentrations – Chart D6. However, for site DT29 the result was

above the annual mean objective in 2015. DT29 is representative of relevant

exposure, as it is located on the façade of a public house with residential

accommodation above. All other results in this area remained below the objective.

Trend data for the Middleport area – Chart D7 shows a general downward trend

since monitoring began. Since residential properties adjacent to DT12 were

demolished, the annual mean objective is not applicable at this location. DT7 has

remained below the objective since 2004 and DT45 since the site was commissioned

in 2008.

No trend data is available for DT 61 located at a traffic light junction in the Milton area

of the city, as monitoring has only been carried out for two years. The site was set up

in response to concerns from a resident that pollution concentrations may be high in

this area. The diffusion tube is located on a commercial property, adjacent to the

traffic lights. See Chart D8.

In the Cobridge area, the trend in concentrations has continued downward, though

DT9, located on the façade of a residential property, remains above the annual mean

objective. DT31 has continued to be below the objective. This diffusion tube is slightly

closer to the road than the residential property; therefore, a distance calculation was

carried out and resulted in a concentration of 36.2 µg/m³. See Chart D9.

Results in the Hanley north area show a continued downward trend at DT8

(collocated with CM1) and DT23. The annual mean objective continues to be



exceeded at DT23, which is located on a shop with living accommodation above.

Concentrations at DT44 remain unchanged and below the objective. See Chart D10.

A downward trend is observed in the results for Hanley south – Chart D11. The

annual mean objective is not applicable at DT46, DT47, DT48 or DT49, as there are

no nearby residential properties at these locations. Monitoring continues in this area

to inform possible future development for the area. DT57, DT58 and DT59 were

placed close to receptors to assess the impact to air quality of the nearby bus station.

Concentrations have remained below the objective at all three locations.

There is a general downward trend at Joiners Square monitoring sites, though the

concentration at DT20 was above the annual mean objective in 2015. DT20 is

located on the facade of a public house, with residential accommodation above.

DT19 is closer to the road than the nearest residential property, therefore a distance

correction was applied and resulted in a concentration of 34.2µg/m³ at the nearest

facade. See Chart D12.

Monitoring at Basford shows no overall trend in concentrations and all but DT51

continue to exceed the annual mean objective. DT17, DT52 and DT56 (DT56 is

collocated with CM5) are closer to the road than the nearest residential property.

Distance correction resulted in concentrations at the nearest properties of 71.8

µg/m³, 55.1 µg/m³ and 45.2 µg/m³ respectively. See Chart D13.

The Stoke sites show a downward trend and all sites remain below the objective –

Chart D14. DT6 is closer to the road than the nearest property, therefore a

calculation to correct for the distance was applied and the concentration at the

nearest property was estimated to be 33.9 µg/m³.

A downward trend is seen at the Fenton sites – Chart D15. DT16 and DT34 results

were above the objective. Distance correction applied to DT35 resulted in a

concentration of 37.0 µg/m³ at the nearest residential property. The results for DT33

was borderline, however, this diffusion tube is nearer to the road than the nearest

receptor. The distance calculation was applied to this site and produced a

concentration at the nearby day nursery of 32.4 µg/m³, which is significantly below

the objective.

There is a downward trend shown at the Hanford diffusion tube, DT18. The tube is

slightly closer to the road than the property; therefore the distance calculation was



applied and resulted in a concentration of 36.4 µg/m³ at the property façade. See

Chart D16.

Monitoring shows a downward trend at Bucknall, though DT2 remains above the

objective and DT21 is borderline. Both diffusion tubes are located on residential

properties. See Chart D17

In Meir, diffusion tubes to the north of the A50 trunk road show a downward trend.

DT13, DT14 and DT36 are located closer to the road than the nearest properties;

therefore distance correction resulted in concentrations at the properties of 38.2

µg/m³, 37.6 µ/m³ and 38.3 µg/m³ respectively, all below the objective. There is no

significant upward or downward trend shown for diffusion tubes to the south of the

A50 trunk road, though all results were below the objective for 2015. At the Weston

Road and Sandon Road sites, a downward trend is shown. DT24 and DT37 remain

above the objective. These two diffusion tubes are located on businesses with

residential accommodation above. See Charts D18, D19 & D20.

3.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM10)

Table A.5 in Appendix A compares the ratified and adjusted monitored PM10 annual

mean concentrations for the past five years with the air quality objective of 40µg/m3.

Table A.6 in Appendix A compares the ratified continuous monitored PM10 daily

mean concentrations for the past five years with the air quality objective of 50µg/m3,

not to be exceeded more than 35 times per year.

There has been no exceedance of the PM10 annual mean or 24-hour mean

objectives. The long-term trend for automatic monitor annual mean PM10 is generally

downward, as shown in Chart D2.

3.2.3 Particulate Matter (PM2.5)

Table A.7 in Appendix A presents the ratified and adjusted monitored PM2.5 annual

mean concentrations for the past five years undertaken at the AURN site C1. Chart

D3 shows a slightly downward trend for annual mean PM2.5.



Appendix A: Monitoring Results Table A.1 – Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites

Site ID Site Name Site Type

X OS Grid Ref

Y OS Grid Ref

Pollutants Monitored

In AQMA?

Monitoring Technique

Distance to Relevant Exposure

(m) (1)

Distance to kerb of nearest road (m)

(2)

Inlet Height

(m)

CM1

Stoke-on-Trent Centre AURN

Urban background 388351 347895

NO2; PM10: PM2.5;

O3 Benzene

Y N N N N

Chemiluminescent; FDMS FDMS

UV Absorption Non-automatic pumped

1 5 4

CM2 Joiners Square Roadside 388743 346457 NO2 Y Chemiluminescent 0.4 4.6 1.93

CM3 Middleport Roadside 385780 349673 NO2; PM10:

Y Chemiluminescent TEOM+VCM

4 4 2.05

CM4 Fenton Industrial Decommissioned 2013

CM5 Basford Roadside 386288 346802 NO2 Y Chemiluminescent 5.7 4.2 2.1

CM6

Stoke-on-Trent

A50 Roadside

AURN

Roadside 392584 342572 NO2; PM10:

Y

N

Chemiluminescent;

FDMS 10.8

1.5 (Railway

Rd)

3.8 (A50(T))

4

(1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on the façade of a residential property).

(2) N/A if not applicable.



Table A.2 – Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites


X OS Grid Ref

Y OS Grid Ref


In AQMA

?


(m) (1)

Distance to kerb of nearest

road (m) (2)

Tube collocated

with a Continuous Analyser?

Height (m)

DT1 1994/01 Urban background 386402 343705 NO2 Y 9 1.5 N 2.8

DT2 1999/01 Roadside 389884 347289 NO2 Y 0.3 2 N 2.5

DT3 1999/02 Urban background 390612 350793 NO2 Y 6.5 2 N 2.7

DT4 2001/04 Roadside 392705 342518 NO2 Y 0

9m to service road

& 22m to A50(T)

N 3

DT5 2001/11 Roadside 387850 345473 NO2 Y 0 2.6 N 2.8

DT6 2001/13 Roadside 387180 345937 NO2 Y 2.3

2m to service road &10.8m to A500(T)

N 2.6

DT7 2002/01 Roadside 385739 349537 NO2 Y 0.3 2.6 N 2.6

DT8 2003/02 Urban Centre 388356 347892 NO2 Y 7 15 Y 3.3

DT9 2005/01 Roadside 387625 348516 NO2 Y 0 4.6 N 2.9 DT10 2005/02 Roadside 386927 349854 NO2 Y 0 3.7 N 2.4 DT11 2005/03 Roadside 386822 349811 NO2 Y 0 4.2 N 2.9

DT12 2005/04 Roadside 385886 349757 NO2 Y No nearby exposure * 3.7 N 2.5

DT13 2005/07 Roadside 392471 342631 NO2 Y 3.3 4.8m to

service road & 9.8m to

N 2.9




X OS Grid Ref

Y OS Grid Ref


In AQMA

?


(m) (1)


road (m) (2)

Tube collocated


Height (m)

A50(T)

DT14 2005/08 Roadside 392589 342576 NO2 Y 1.7

2.0m to service road & 12.9m to

A50(T)

N 2.9

DT15 2005/11 Roadside 389335 344693 NO2 Y 0.4 2 N 2.4 DT16 2005/13 Roadside 385974 346574 NO2 Y 0 2.6 N 2.6

DT17 2005/14 Roadside 386270 346782 NO2 Y 0.8

1.8m to service road & 19.3m to

A50(T)

N 2.6

DT18 2005/15 Roadside 386630 342853 NO2 Y 0.2 2.9 N 2.5 DT19 2005/16 Roadside 388791 346320 NO2 Y 2.1 3.3 N 2.6 DT20 2005/17 Roadside 388841 346641 NO2 Y 0.3 2 N 2.3 DT21 2005/19 Roadside 389998 347181 NO2 Y 0 2.5 N 2.7 DT22 2005/20 Roadside 386720 349748 NO2 Y 0 2.2 N 2.6 DT23 2005/22 Roadside 388704 347607 NO2 Y 0 2.8 N 2.6 DT24 2005/23 Roadside 393201 342409 NO2 Y 0 1.8 N 2.7 DT25 2005/28 Roadside 386841 350154 NO2 Y 0 1.8 N 2.7 DT26 2005/30 Roadside 386766 350336 NO2 Y 0 1.9 N 2.6 DT27 2005/31 Roadside 386739 350393 NO2 Y 3.6 2.7 N 2.5 DT28 2005/33 Roadside 386704 349789 NO2 Y 1 2.6 N 2.6 DT29 2005/34 Roadside 386904 349828 NO2 Y 0 5.8 N 2.6 DT30 2005/36 Roadside 387015 349894 NO2 Y 1.5 2.7 N 2.5 DT31 2005/39 Roadside 387823 348317 NO2 Y 0.1 1.6 N 2.5 DT32 2005/41 Roadside 388698 346421 NO2 Y 2.8 3.2 N 2.5 DT33 2005/44 Roadside 389153 345234 NO2 Y 4.7 1.9 N 2.7




X OS Grid Ref

Y OS Grid Ref


In AQMA

?


(m) (1)


road (m) (2)

Tube collocated


Height (m)

DT34 2005/45 Roadside 389231 345026 NO2 Y 0.5 1.9 N 2.5 DT35 2005/47 Roadside 389406 344618 NO2 Y 3 3.4 N 2.3

DT36 2005/48 Roadside 392837 342428 NO2 Y 2.2

2.2m to service road

11m to A50(T)

N 2.4

DT37 2005/50 Roadside 393260 342460 NO2 Y 0.5 3.6 N 2.5 DT38 2005/51 Roadside 393151 342331 NO2 Y 0.5 3.3 N 2.6 DT39 2005/54 Roadside 393122 342248 NO2 Y 0.9 3.5 N 2.6

DT40 2005/56 Roadside 392777 342409 NO2 Y

DT is same distance

from road but 5.9m east of

receptor

11m to A50(T) N 2.7

DT41 2005/57 Roadside 392741 342435 NO2 Y

DT is same distance

from road but 4m west of receptor

11m to A50(T) N 2.6

DT42 2005/58 Roadside 392676 342481 NO2 Y 2.6 16 N 2.5

DT43 2005/59 Roadside 392611 342521 NO2 Y

DT is same distance

from road but 22m east of

receptor


& 9m to A50(T)

N 2.5




X OS Grid Ref

Y OS Grid Ref


In AQMA

?


(m) (1)


road (m) (2)

Tube collocated


Height (m)

DT44 2005/62 Roadside 388704 347586 NO2 Y 0 16 N 2.5

DT45 2008/05 Roadside 385780 349673 NO2 Y No nearby exposure * 4 Y 2

DT46 2008/09 Roadside 388659 346716 NO2 Y N 1.8 N 2.4 DT47 2008/10 Roadside 388632 346850 NO2 Y N 1.8 N 2.5 DT48 2008/12 Roadside 388538 347100 NO2 Y N 1.7 N 2.5 DT49 2008/13 Roadside 388536 347143 NO2 Y N 2.8 N 2.5

DT50 2009/02 Roadside 386621 349931 NO2 Y

DT is same distance

from road but 1 south of receptor

2 N 2.6

DT51 2009/04 Roadside 386380 346859 NO2 Y 1.2


& 17m to A500(T)

N 2.6

DT52 2009/05 Roadside 385812 346546 NO2 Y 2 2.4 N 2.6 DT53 2010/01 Roadside 387938 345939 NO2 Y 0.3 2.6 N 2.5 DT54 2010/02 Roadside 388135 347495 NO2 Y 0 3 N 2.3

DT55 2010/05 Roadside 393320 342206 NO2 Y

DT is same distance

from road but 3 west of receptor


& 11m to A50(T)

N 2.7

DT56 2012/01 Roadside 386290 346804 NO2 Y 3.1 4.2 Y 2.1 DT57 2012/04 Roadside 388482 347224 NO2 Y 3.3 8.5 N 2.5 DT58 2012/05 Roadside 388402 347172 NO2 Y 7.6 11.3 N 2.5




X OS Grid Ref

Y OS Grid Ref


In AQMA

?


(m) (1)


road (m) (2)

Tube collocated


Height (m)

DT59 2012/06 Roadside 388352 347141 NO2 Y 0 6.4 N 2.4 DT60 2012/07 Roadside 386806 350240 NO2 Y 0.4 1.5 N 2.5 DT61 2014/01 Roadside 390710 350261 NO2 Y 0 1.9 N 2.4 DT62 2014/02 Roadside 391074 342832 NO2 Y NA 2.8 N 2.4

(1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on/adjacent to the façade of a residential property).

(2) N/A if not applicable.



Table A.3 – Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results

Site ID Site Type Monitoring Type Valid Data Capture for Monitoring

Period (%) (1)

Valid Data Capture 2015

(%) (2)

NO2 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) (3)

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

CM1 Urban background Automatic 98 98 31 32 29 28 28

CM2 Roadside Automatic 100 100 41 37 40 37 40

CM3 Roadside Automatic 95 95 39 34 33 30 29

CM5 Roadside Automatic 99 99 55 49 50 47

CM6 Roadside Automatic 57 57 66

DT1 Urban background Diffusion tube 100 100 19.8 21.4 20.3 19.1 21.3

DT2 Roadside Diffusion tube 100 100 45.5 47.6 43.3 41.6 43.3

DT3 Urban background Diffusion tube 100 100 19.6 19.8 19.1 16.5 17.7


DT5 Roadside Diffusion tube 100 100 34.3 34.5 34.4 33.5





Period (%) (1)


(%) (2)


2011 2012 2013 2014 2015


DT8 Urban Centre Diffusion tube 100 100 28.5 29.2 27.0 25.5 26.6













Period (%) (1)


(%) (2)


2011 2012 2013 2014 2015















Period (%) (1)


(%) (2)


2011 2012 2013 2014 2015















Period (%) (1)


(%) (2)


2011 2012 2013 2014 2015







DT46 Other Diffusion tube 83 83 42.8 41.8 39.4 33.3 37.2








Period (%) (1)


(%) (2)


2011 2012 2013 2014 2015







DT57 Other Diffusion tube 92 92 38.6 36.7 41.5 34.7




DT61 Roadside Diffusion tube 100 100 36.7 41.0




Period (%) (1)


(%) (2)


2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

DT62 Roadside Diffusion tube 0 0 28.1

Notes: Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m3 are shown in bold. NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m3, indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined.

(1) data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) Means for diffusion tubes have been corrected for bias. All means have been “annualised” as per Technical Guidance LAQM.TG16 if valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details.



Table A.4 – 1-Hour Mean NO2 Monitoring Results


Period (%) (1)


(%) (2)

NO2 1-Hour Means > 200µg/m3 (3)

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

CM1 Urban background Automatic 98 98 0 0 0 0 0

CM2 Roadside Automatic 100 100 0 0 2 (185) 0 (124) 1

CM3 Roadside Automatic 95 95 0 0 0 (116) 0 (116) 0

CM5 Roadside Automatic 99 99 10 3 4 0

CM6 Roadside Automatic 57 57 3 (179)

Notes: Exceedances of the NO2 1-hour mean objective (200µg/m3 not to be exceeded more than 18 times/year) are shown in bold. (1) data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) If the period of valid data is less than 90%, the 99.8th percentile of 1-hour means is provided in brackets.



Table A.5 – Annual Mean PM10 Monitoring Results

Site ID Site Type Valid Data Capture

for Monitoring Period (%) (1)


(%) (2)

PM10 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) (3)

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 CM1 Urban Background 14 14 22 19 20 18 17 CM3 Roadside 89 89 25 24 25 24 22 CM4 Industrial 18 16 10 CM6 Roadside 59 59 20

Notes: Exceedances of the PM10 annual mean objective of 40µg/m3 are shown in bold. (1) data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year.

(2) data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) All means have been “annualised” as per Technical Guidance LAQM.TG16, valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See

Appendix C for details.

Table A.6 – 24-Hour Mean PM10 Monitoring Results

Site ID Site Type Valid Data Capture for Monitoring Period (%)

(1)

Valid Data Capture 2015 (%)

(2)

PM10 24-Hour Means > 50µg/m3 (3)

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

CM1 Urban background 14 14 0 0 6 8 0 (29)

CM3 Roadside 89 89 18 16 10 (35) 15 7 CM4 Industrial NA NA 18 16 10 (35) CM6 Roadside 59 59 1 (29)

Notes: Exceedances of the PM10 24-hour mean objective (50µg/m3 not to be exceeded more than 35 times/year) are shown in bold. (1) data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) If the period of valid data is less than 90%, the 90.4th percentile of 24-hour means is provided in brackets.



Table A.7 – PM2.5 Monitoring Results

Site ID Site Type Valid Data Capture

for Monitoring Period (%) (1)


(%) (2)

PM2.5 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) (3)

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 CM1 Urban Background 93 93 12 11 10 10 12

(1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) All means have been “annualised” as per Technical Guidance LAQM.TG16, valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See

Appendix C for details.



Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2015 Table B.1 – NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results - 2015

Site ID

NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m3)

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Annual Mean

Raw Data

Bias Adjusted

(1)

DT1 26.2 29.0 24.1 18.4 14.8 15.4 16.5 19.4 24.7 62.9 27.6 25.6 25.4 21.3

DT2 58.4 60.8 49.3 36.8 43.4 42.0 50.9 46.1 49.5 54.5 59.2 67.4 51.5 43.3

DT3 29.3 30.8 21.1 15.9 13.5 12.6 14.6 16.5 20.2 25.4 27.4 25.1 21.0 17.7

DT4 52.0 51.0 50.1 36.3 38.4 38.3 46.5 44.3 47.1 52.5 44.2 45.3 45.5 38.2

DT5 43.2 44.5 44.6 36.4 32.8 31.6 32.4 38.0 42.5 55.3 38.3 38.8 39.9 33.5

DT6 46.7 49.4 42.6 36.6 36.5 33.5 39.4 48.0 43.6 54.1 47.9 51.0 44.1 37.1

DT7 42.2 44.8 42.2 32.8 28.2 29.6 33.5 39.6 38.5 51.2 42.1 41.5 38.9 32.6

DT8

39.0 38.1 34.7 23.1 26.4 24.3 26.5 30.6 32.9 38.5 37.1 34.1 31.7 26.6

37.5 36.6 33.6 25.2 23.5 23.2 28.0 28.9 33.0 37.9 37.0 34.0

36.7 40.5 29.4 27.4 25.4 23.9 28.4 29.4 30.4 35.4 35.7 33.8

DT9 64.4 70.5 54.6 53.3 48.1 49.6 68.1 56.0 62.4 69.8 65.7 60.2 50.6

DT10 48.2 45.6 49.5 42.9 42.8 38.1 41.2 41.4 45.0 48.9 42.8 35.2 43.5 36.5

DT11 50.3 50.2 44.7 35.9 34.2 32.9 40.5 42.4 37.0 47.9 24.9 40.1 33.7



Site ID



Annual Mean

Raw Data

Bias Adjusted

(1)

DT12 65.9 64.6 61.6 47.3 47.9 50.7 59.7 47.5 58.5 65.0 70.1 65.7 58.7 49.3

DT13 49.6 55.4 82.8 41.5 36.0 40.9 43.8 42.7 45.8 55.8 51.9 47.4 49.5 41.6

DT14 50.3 57.8 55.7 47.4 39.5 42.9 44.3 30.7 41.9 59.5 58.7 51.2 48.3 40.6

DT15 61.0 58.9 51.8 40.4 43.3 41.9 52.8 49.0 49.7 54.3 58.3 49.6 50.9 42.8

DT16 63.1 71.7 64.1 53.0 57.1 57.1 62.8 62.3 62.5 71.6 64.3 68.5 63.2 53.1

DT17 85.4 85.9 83.1 64.2 86.4 95.6 109.8 100.9 85.0 92.9 100.3 105.1 91.2 76.6

DT18 44.7 51.1 42.4 42.2 38.4 42.4 43.1 46.3 47.5 29.7 46.5 50.4 43.7 36.7

DT19 49.1 46.0 37.5 39.5 46.4 41.9 39.0 36.3 50.4 49.7 41.0 43.3 36.4

DT20 56.9 55.3 48.8 41.4 37.8 84.8 42.6 44.1 54.2 44.5 51.0 42.9

DT21 50.6 53.7 43.9 38.3 35.4 35.6 41.6 47.3 48.2 53.4 43.2 50.5 45.1 37.9

DT22 53.3 50.4 45.9 39.3 35.8 35.7 46.1 46.7 42.2 51.9 50.3 50.3 45.7 38.4

DT23 55.2 57.0 53.3 42.2 42.9 40.6 46.2 46.8 46.9 61.6 47.2 39.2 48.3 40.5

DT24 58.7 58.8 51.3 51.9 44.6 43.8 55.1 53.3 43.9 57.9 48.8 38.0 50.5 42.4

DT25 44.4 47.3 42.8 39.7 29.2 29.6 36.6 40.5 42.6 58.1 44.0 42.7 41.5 34.8

DT26 43.3 36.4 29.9 26.3 28.1 29.1 32.6 32.3 39.6 39.0 36.9 34.0 28.5

DT27 40.8 41.2 34.4 27.9 29.9 29.5 32.8 36.2 37.8 47.9 40.2 39.3 36.5 30.7



Site ID



Annual Mean

Raw Data

Bias Adjusted

(1)

DT28 41.0 43.6 31.4 27.8 28.0 37.3 33.6 37.6 34.4 33.8 34.9 29.3

DT29 55.9 58.6 47.5 41.4 42.9 45.1 47.4 49.2 44.7 52.5 57.4 56.9 50.0 42.0

DT30 49.3 50.2 35.0 26.1 31.1 33.4 36.1 40.2 49.2 47.3 44.3 40.2 33.8

DT31 50.2 51.6 44.9 39.2 35.6 35.2 37.9 41.8 42.8 54.4 42.8 43.9 43.4 36.4

DT32 47.0 56.0 46.8 38.5 33.7 40.1 42.0 47.1 45.4 57.3 45.5 44.0 45.3 38.0

DT33 53.2 49.6 41.7 36.5 39.0 36.3 44.2 45.4 45.9 60.9 43.4 41.6 44.8 37.6

DT34 58.3 59.4 57.8 46.7 42.3 43.8 50.3 58.5 54.9 73.9 60.8 55.2 46.3

DT35 58.2 54.2 51.6 40.7 37.7 39.4 45.0 47.1 46.8 55.1 52.8 51.3 48.3 40.6

DT36 64.6 61.9 50.6 39.7 44.3 41.9 46.7 49.6 47.2 57.5 51.9 45.7 50.1 42.1

DT37 56.0 59.9 53.1 39.6 36.3 47.8 53.6 49.5 63.3 55.0 57.2 51.9 43.6

DT38 45.0 48.3 46.8 30.1 34.2 36.6 37.1 46.1 51.4 42.0 36.5 41.3 34.7

DT39 52.9 51.5 36.8 38.7 32.7 45.4 45.9 46.5 53.8 47.1 49.9 45.6 38.3

DT40 43.3 45.9 51.4 44.2 38.2 39.0 43.7 46.8 53.7 65.1 33.4 48.2 46.1 38.7

DT41 41.8 41.4 47.2 34.7 35.2 40.5 44.9 53.8 73.8 35.2 39.9 44.4 37.3

DT42 44.2 43.4 53.1 40.5 34.2 37.8 38.4 43.1 51.6 65.3 37.0 36.9 43.8 36.8

DT43 49.7 44.8 50.1 45.6 37.9 38.9 41.2 42.9 55.6 65.4 39.4 36.7 45.7 38.4



Site ID



Annual Mean

Raw Data

Bias Adjusted

(1)

DT44 44.1 50.6 40.8 29.4 33.8 34.4 38.3 37.9 37.2 37.9 44.3 47.4 39.7 33.3

DT45

45.6 49.3 37.8 33.8 32.9 30.1 35.0 34.7 35.5 47.1 42.6 39.1 39.1 32.8

45.0 48.7 37.5 31.2 31.2 32.4 37.3 37.5 38.9 47.6 42.8 39.6

46.0 49.8 39.4 32.2 31.3 35.8 35.7 37.3 41.5 46.8 43.7 33.7

DT46 47.7 54.4 35.1 36.1 39.7 42.3 40.9 52.0 45.9 49.2 44.3 37.2

DT47 47.2 55.1 48.8 45.1 32.8 37.8 36.3 47.2 47.1 64.0 45.5 43.5 45.9 38.5

DT48 67.6 66.6 53.5 44.4 50.7 55.9 48.1 47.5 62.6 63.1 53.3 55.8 46.8

DT49 57.0 56.8 47.7 34.1 37.2 29.6 42.0 40.3 44.6 51.5 47.4 49.9 44.8 37.7

DT50 33.8 31.6 26.5 23.1 14.7 18.6 21.9 24.0 27.4 35.7 30.2 29.7 26.4 22.2

DT51 50.2 51.6 49.3 45.7 34.9 31.9 44.7 44.3 46.8 63.3 44.2 37.2 45.3 38.1

DT52 60.9 64.9 60.8 50.1 51.4 49.2 61.8 65.1 61.8 75.5 65.0 65.9 61.0 51.3

DT53 54.6 58.7 50.4 34.6 39.9 35.0 44.2 44.0 53.6 46.6 46.2 38.8

DT54

DT55 59.2 57.6 51.0 35.4 37.8 40.8 47.7 45.9 49.4 56.4 46.8 53.0 48.4 40.7

DT56 60.8 64.6 62.9 43.6 49.8 44.5 60.6 65.2 54.3 68.1 61.6 80.4 59.5 50.0

56.3 65.6 59.3 39.6 44.8 50.3 62.2 66.1 54.8 70.7 60.8 77.2



Site ID



Annual Mean

Raw Data

Bias Adjusted

(1)

59.9 65.9 63.1 44.9 48.3 51.9 59.3 63.5 58.4 68.1 62.1 71.4

DT57 53.4 42.9 32.7 37.0 29.8 40.5 42.6 48.8 39.3 46.5 41.4 34.7

DT58 48.9 48.1 35.8 30.3 22.9 33.1 31.0 41.9 50.7 40.0 37.9 38.2 32.1

DT59 41.2 42.9 41.7 32.4 27.9 26.0 28.6 30.1 35.5 44.2 35.9 30.8 34.8 29.2

DT60 30.0 49.0 35.3 30.5 33.2 35.4 46.9 46.0 54.1 47.3 44.0 41.1 34.5

DT61 56.2 63.0 49.8 41.2 45.0 40.1 48.9 46.8 45.7 51.5 46.4 50.9 48.8 41.0

DT62

(1) See Appendix C for details on bias adjustment



Table B.2 – NO2 Distance Correction Calculations - 2015

Site Reference

Auto Annual Mean or DT

Bias Corrected Mean

How far from the KERB was your

measurement made (in metres)?

How far from the KERB is

your receptor

(in metres)?

The predicted annual mean

NO2 concentration (in mg/m3) at your receptor

CM5 47 4.2 9.9 40.3

CM6 66 3.8 14.6 48.7

DT6 37.1 2.0 4.3 33.9

DT13 41.6 4.8 8.1 38.2

DT14 40.6 2.0 3.7 37.6

DT17 76.6 1.8 2.6 71.8

DT18 36.7 2.9 3.1 36.4

DT19 36.4 3.3 5.4 34.2

DT27 30.7 2.7 6.3 28.3

DT28 29.3 2.6 3.6 28.5

DT31 36.4 1.6 1.7 36.2

DT32 38.0 3.2 6.0 34.9

DT33 37.6 1.9 6.6 32.4

DT35 40.6 3.4 6.4 37.0

DT36 42.1 2.2 4.4 38.3

DT51 38.1 2.3 3.5 36.2

DT52 51.3 2.4 4.4 46.6

DT56 50.0 4.2 7.3 45.2



Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC QA/QC

Automatic monitors

Calibrations

Calibration of nitrogen dioxide analysers are carried out fortnightly by Stoke-on-Trent

City Council personnel. TEOM filters are changed when the filter loading reaches

80%.

Data management

Data management was carried by Stoke-on-Trent City Council.

Data from automatic monitors was collected daily via modems and stored in a

database on a central server using Envitech Europe Ltd Envista ARM software.

During Daily Checks, Validation, Rescaling and Ratification procedures, all changes

were recorded in a data review log together with comments and justification for any

changes made.

Daily Checks

The following checks are carried out:

Has data been polled since the previous check was carried out?

Has an LSO calibration/engineer’s calibration or been completed since the

previous check was carried out: if so, invalidate NOx, NO & NO2 for time

period of zero and span.

TEOM filter change: invalidate PM10 data 60 minutes from the start time of the

filter change.

Overnight zero: check that the value is no greater than 4 ppb compared to the

previous day.

Overnight span: NO2 data should not change by more than 5% from previous

day.

Missing data: attempt a manual poll of data.



Data Screening: does data follow a typical trend? If it does not, investigate

possible reasons why. Decide whether to invalidate data and/or whether a

call-out to the service provider is needed.

Quarterly Review

Validation

Data is reviewed quarterly to identify, log and invalidate anomalous data. Suspected

anomalous data is compared to data from other monitors in the city, including the

AURN Stoke-on-Trent Centre and AURN Stoke-on-Trent A50 Roadside sites.

Anomalous data is invalidated and the reason is recorded in the Validation Log.

Rescaling

LSO calibration data is compared to the cylinder specification to obtain a span

correction factor. Correction for zero drift is also carried out. All factors that are

applied are recorded with the data set that they are applied to.

Rescaling factors are calculated in the following way:

Worked example:

NOx

LSO calibration zero response: 3ppb

Cylinder specified concentration: 451 ppb

LSO span response: 447 ppb

Scaling factor (F) = Cylinder concentration

(span-zero)

Scaling factor (F) = 451 = 1.0577

(447- 3)

Raw ambient data recorded = 71 ppb

Subtract zero (3ppb) = 68 ppb

Multiply by scaling factor (1.0577) = 71.92 ppb

NO

LSO calibration zero response: 2ppb



Cylinder specified concentration: 450 ppb

LSO span response: 448 ppb

Scaling factor (F) = Cylinder concentration

(span-zero)

Scaling factor (F) = 450 = 1.0090

(448- 2)

Raw ambient data recorded = 59 ppb

Subtract zero (2ppb) = 57 ppb

Multiply by scaling factor (1.0577) = 57.51 ppb

NO2

NO2 = rescaled NOx – rescaled NO

NO2 = 71.92 ppb – 57.51 ppb = 14.41 ppb

Conversion factor for NO2 ppb to µg/m³ = 1.91

NO2 = 14.41 x 1.91 = 27.5 µg/m³

PM10

The Volatile Correction Model (VCM) is applied to Stoke-on-Trent City Council owned

TEOM data.

Ratification

Rescaled data is again reviewed. Any remaining anomalous data is removed. The

data is finalised and no further changes are made.

Diffusion Tube Monitoring

Diffusion tube precision and the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency (WASP)

results for Staffordshire Scientific Services are shown in Table C.1 and Table C.2

respectively.



Table C.1 – Staffordshire Scientific Services diffusion tube precision



Table C.2 - Staffordshire Scientific Services WASP precision



Table C.3 – Short-term to long-term factors Background

sites NO2 Annual mean

2015 (Am) Period mean

2015 (Pm) Ration

(Am/Pm) Birmingham Tyburn

29.8 27.4 1.086

Leamington Spa 19.3 17.0 1.133

Leeds Centre 31.1 29.2 1.062

Newport 20.8 18.5 1.120

Average (Ra) 1.100

Background sites PM10

Annual mean 2015 (Am)

Period mean 2015 (Pm)

Ration (Am/Pm)

Birmingham Tyburn

14.6 13.8 1.057

Leamington Spa 15.3 13.6 1.125

Leeds Centre 16.2 14.6 1.107

Newport 15.5 13.1 1.182

Average (Ra) 1.118

Data capture for automatic monitor CM6 was only 57%, therefore the factors above

were applied to calculate the annual mean concentration for NO2 and PM10, in

accordance with LAQM TG(16) Box 7.9.



Appendix D: Maps of Monitoring Locations and Trend Charts Figure D.1 - Automatic monitors CM1 and CM2



Figure D.2 – Automatic monitors CM3 & CM5



Figure D.3 – Automatic monitor CM6

Chart D1 – Automatic monitors annual mean NO2



Chart D2 – Automatic monitors annual mean PM10

Chart D3 – Automatic monitors annual mean PM2.5



Figure D.4 – Diffusion Tube Background Sites (DT1 & DT3)

Chart D4 – Diffusion tube annual mean NO2 – Background sites



Figure D.5 - Diffusion tube sites Scotia Road, Burslem

Chart D5 – Diffusion tube annual mean NO2 – Scotia Road, Burslem



Figure D.6 - Diffusion tube sites Burslem Centre

Chart D6 – Diffusion tube annual mean NO2 – Burslem Centre



Figure D.7 - Diffusion tube sites Middleport

Chart D7 – Diffusion tube annual mean NO2 – Middleport



Figure D.8 - Diffusion tube site Milton

Chart D8 – Diffusion tube annual mean NO2 – Milton



Figure D.9 - Diffusion tube sites Cobridge

Chart D9 – Diffusion tube annual mean NO2 – Cobridge



Figure D.10 - Diffusion tube sites Hanley (North)

Chart D10 – Diffusion tube annual mean NO2 – Hanley (north)



Figure D.11 - Diffusion tube sites Hanley (South)

Chart D11 – Diffusion tube annual mean NO2 – Hanley (south)



Figure D.12 - Diffusion tube sites Joiners Square

Chart D12 – Diffusion tube annual mean NO2 – Joiners Square



Figure D.13 - Diffusion tube sites Basford (West)



Figure D.14 - Diffusion tube sites Basford (East)

Chart 13 - Diffusion tube annual mean NO2 – Basford



Figure D.15 - Diffusion tube sites Stoke (North)



Figure D.16 - Diffusion tube site Stoke (South)

Chart 14 - Diffusion tube annual mean NO2 – Stoke



Figure D.17 - Diffusion tube sites Fenton

Chart D15 - Diffusion tube annual mean NO2 – Fenton



Figure D.18 - Diffusion tube site Hanford

Chart D16 - Diffusion tube annual mean NO2 – Hanford



Figure D.19 - Diffusion tube sites Bucknall

Chart D17 - Diffusion tube annual mean NO2 – Bucknall



Figure D.20 - Diffusion tube sites Meir

Chart D18 - Diffusion tube annual mean NO2 – Meir (north of A50)



Chart D19 - Diffusion tube annual mean NO2 – Meir (south of A50)

Chart D20 - Diffusion tube annual mean NO2 – Meir (Weston Rd & Sandon Rd)



Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England Table E.1 – Air Quality Objectives in England

Pollutant

Air Quality Objective

Concentration (microgrammes of pollutant per cubic metre of

air, µg/m3)

Measured as

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

200 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more than 18 times a year 1-hour mean

40 µg/m3 Annual mean

Particulate Matter (PM10)

50 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times a year 24-hour mean

40 µg/m3 Annual mean

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)



266 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times a year 15-minute mean



Glossary of Terms Abbreviation Description

AQAP Air Quality Action Plan - A detailed description of measures, outcomes, achievement dates and implementation methods, showing how the local authority intends to achieve air quality limit values’.

AQMA Air Quality Management Area – An area where air pollutant concentrations exceed/are likely to exceed the relevant air quality objectives. AQMAs are declared for specific pollutants and objectives.

AQSG Air Quality Strategy Group.

ASR Air quality Annual Status Report.

Defra Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.

DMRB Design Manual for Roads and Bridges – Air quality screening tool produced by Highways England.

EU European Union.

FDMS Filter Dynamics Measurement System.

LAQM Local Air Quality Management.

NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide.

NOx Nitrogen Oxides.

PM10 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10µm (micrometres or microns) or less.

PM2.5 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less.

QA/QC Quality Assurance and Quality Control.

SO2 Sulphur Dioxide.

Documents

2016 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR)webapps.stoke.gov.uk/uploadedfiles/SoT_ASR_2016.pdfLAQM Annual Status Report 2016 2016 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR) In fulfilment