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October 28th & 29th, 2016

PROGRAM GUIDE AND ABSTRACTS

2016 CANADIAN ASSOCIATION OF GEOGRAPHERS OF ONTARIO

CONFERENCE (CAGONT)

HOSTEDBYTHEUNIVERSITYOFWATERLOO

WATERLOO,ON

Website:https://uwaterloo.ca/canadian-association-of-geographers-ontario-division-annual-meeting/

Twitter:@CAGOnt2016

Facebook:CAGONT–CanadianAssociationofGeographers–OntarioDivision

#2016CAGONT

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TableofContents

GeneralInformation...............................................................................................2RegistrationDesk..................................................................................................2WirelessInternetAccess.....................................................................................3Parking......................................................................................................................3GradStudentReception......................................................................................5FieldTrips.................................................................................................................5SocialMediaContest............................................................................................6

CampusMap................................................................................................................7Program-at-a-glance..............................................................................................13PlenaryLecture.......................................................................................................15ConcurrentSessionProgram.............................................................................16Posters(alphabeticalbyfirstauthor)............................................................37Abstracts(alphabeticalbyfirstauthor)........................................................42

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GeneralInformation

WelcometotheUniversityofWaterloo

Welcometothe2016CanadianAssociationofGeographersofOntariohostedattheUniversityofWaterloo.Weareexcitedtohavealmost200contributions,fromacrossthecountryandbeyond. AcknowledgementsWewouldliketothankthefollowingsponsorsfortheirgeneroussupport:

• FacultyofEnvironment,UniversityofWaterloo• DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo

LocalOrganizingCommitteeThemembersoftheCAGONT2016organizingcommitteeare:

• Dr.SusanElliott(Chair)• Dr.MariaStrack• Dr.SteffanieScott• MichaelImort• GeorgeAtiim• BronwynLazowski• LaceyWillmott• AndreaRishworth

WewouldalsoliketothankourstudentassistantsandvolunteersfortheirhelpandcontributionstoCAGONT2016.RegistrationDeskandInformationTableTheregistrationdeskwillbeopen:

• Friday,October27thfrom5:00pmto6:30pmintheEV1Foyer• Saturday,October28thfrom8:00amto12:00pmintheEV3Atrium

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WirelessInternetAccessWirelessinternetaccessisavailabletoconferenceparticipantsontheUniversityofWaterlooCampuseitherbyusingeitherEurodamorNet-ID:

1) EurodamUsingyourhomeinstitution’slogininformation.Moredetailsonhowtoconnecttoeurodamcanbefoundat:https://uwaterloo.ca/information-systems-technology/services/eduroam/connecting-eduroam-wireless-network

ConnecttoWi-Fi(eduroam)

1. Locatethenetworkiconinthetaskbarandgotothelistofwirelessnetworks2. Selecteduroamandclickconnect3. IntheUsernamefieldenteryourinstitutionusername4. Enteryourpassword

2) Net-IDNet-IDaccesswillbehandedoutwiththeregistrationpackage.Eachconferenceparticipantwillreceiveindividualizedusernamesandpasswords.TogainaccesstotheUWnetworkfollowthesesteps:

1. ObtainaGuestNetIDaccount1. ObtainGuestNetIDaccount(handedoutwithregistrationpackage)2. Completeprocess.Besuretorecordtheloginnameandpasswordprovided3. ProceedtoConnecttoWi-Fi(eduroam)stepsbelow

2. ConnecttoWi-Fi(eduroam)1. Locatethenetworkiconinthetaskbarandgotothelistofwirelessnetworks2. Selecteduroamandclickconnect3. IntheUsernamefieldenteryourNetIDfollowedby@netid.uwaterloo.ca4. InthePasswordfieldenteryourNetIDpassword

Ifyourequirefurtherassistance,pleasecontactInformationSystemsandTechnologythroughtheirlivechatonthewebsite:https://uwaterloo.ca/information-systems-technology/

ParkingPayparkingisavailableinlotCfor$5adayorlotHVfor$10aday(seecampusmap).Parkingmetersoncampusareenforced24hoursadaysevendaysaweek.Pleasenotethatthereisnoovernightparkingfrom3:00amto6:00am,unlessbypermissionofParkingServices.Parkingdetailscanbefoundathttps://uwaterloo.ca/parking/

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PlenaryLectureandConcurrentSessionsAllconferencetalkswillbeheldintheEnvironmentFacultybuildingsEV1,EV2&EV3(seecampusmap&buildingfloorplanmapsonpages7to12)PostersPosterswillbeexhibitedforinformalbrowsingwithopportunitiesforindividualdiscussionwithposterauthorsintheEV1Courtyardfrom8:30amto5:30pmonSaturday,October29th,2016.Posterpresentersshoulddotheirbesttobepresentduringbreaksandlunch.InstructionsforPresentations

3) Eachpresenterisallotted15minutesforpresentationandquestions(12minutesforpresentationand3minutesforquestions)

4) PleasebringyourPowerPointpresentationonaUSBsticktoyourdesignatedpresentationroom10minutesbeforethescheduledstartofyourpresentation,andidentifyyourselftoyourChair.

5) Adigitalprojectorwillbeprovidedineachmeetingroom6) Eachpresentationroomisequippedwithadataprojector,screen,andwireless

internetaccess.

SessionChairInstructions• Arriveinthesessionroomatleast15minutesinadvanceofthebeginningofthe

session.• Introducepresentersbyname,affiliation,andtitleofpresentationatthestartof

eachpresentation.• Ensurethateachparticipantstartsontimeandendsontime.Eachpresenterhas15

minutesforpresentationandquestionperiod.ItistheresponsibilityoftheSessionChairthattheSessionfinishesontime.

• Timecardswillbeprovidedineachsessionroom.Chairsareresponsibleforprovidingpresenterswithtimewarnings.

NutritionBreaksNutritionbreakstakeplaceonSaturdaymorningandafternoon(9:45am&3:30pm)intheEV3Atrium.Coffee,teaandsnackswillbeprovided.

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LunchLunchonSaturdayisprovidedwithyourregistration.Lunchwilltakeplaceat1:00pm–2:00pmintheEV3Atrium.PleasetrytoattendtheCAGONTAGMinroom1408(justofftheAtrium).GradStudentReceptionTheGradStudentReceptionwillbeheldfrom5:30pmto7:30pmintheEV1CourtyardonFridayOctober28th,2016.FieldTripsFieldTrip1:UrbanFieldTrip:walkingtourofurbanKitchenerwithDr.BobSharpe,WilfredLaurierUniversity

Twourbanwalkingtours,ledbyDr.BobSharpe(Laurier),willnavigatesidewalksandenterbuildingsthroughoutdowntownKitchener.Eachwalkwilltakeadifferentthematicapproachtotheurbangeographyofchangeinthedowntown.These2-hourwalkswillbelimitedto15participants.Registrationisrequired.Thereisnofee.BothwalkswillpromptlycommenceandendattheKingStreetentrancetotheKitchenerCityHall.Theweathercanbebecoldandwet,sopleasedressappropriatelyforsomebriskwalkingoutside.A)WestboundfromKitchenerCityHall:12:00-2:00pmTheme:TheAdaptiveReuseofUrbanSpace:RebuildingaSustainableKitchener.B)EastboundfromKitchenerCityHall:2:30–4:30pmTheme:CommunityEnterpriseandSocialInnovationinDowntownKitchener.

FieldTrip2:PhysicalGeographyFieldTrip:FletcherCreekEcologicalPreserve:Calcareousfenandquarryrestorationfrom12:15-4:30pm

Thisfieldtripwillvisitauniquewetlandecosystemfedbycalcareousgroundwaterandvisitanabandonedquarrythathasundergonerehabilitationworktocreatewetlandplantcommunitieswithinthebasin.Pastandongoingexperimentsonwetlandrestoration,hydrologyandbiogeochemistrywillbediscussed.Participantsshouldbepreparedtowalk~2.5kmalongagradedgraveltrailanddressappropriatelyfortheweatherconditions(i.e.,warmclothing,waterproofjacketifrainy,sturdyshoesorboots).BuswilldepartfromEV3atUniversityofWaterloopromptlyat12:15pm.

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SocialMediaContestMakeapostonFacebook,Twitter,orInstagramusing#2016CAGONTandyouwillbeenteredtoWINa$75Starbucksgiftcard!Rules&Eligibility:

• Postsmustinclude#CAGONT2106• PostsmustbePublic• Postsmustbeoriginal.Shares,retweets,andrepostswillnotcount.• PostsmustbemadebetweenFridayOctober28that12:00pmtoSaturdayOctober

29that3:00pm.

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CampusMap Link:toaninteractivemapofcampusonline:https://uwaterloo.ca/map/?basemap=D#map=16/43.4680/-80.5403

PARKING($)CONCURRENTSESSIONS

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EV1–Floor2Map

CAGONTExecutiveMeeting

• GradStudentReception

• Posters(Saturday)

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EV1–Floor1Map

EV1132:• ConcurrentSessions

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EV3–Floor1Map

EV3Atrium:-Registration(Day2)-LunchandNutritionBreaks

EV31408:• Welcome• PlenaryLecture• CAGONTAGM

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EV3–Floor3Map

EV33412,3408&3406:ConcurrentSessions

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EV3–Floor4Map

EV34408&EV34412ConcurrentSessions

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ProgramataGlance

FridayOctober28th,2016

5:00-6:30 Registration(EV1EntranceFoyer)

5:00-6:00 CAGONTExecutiveMeeting(EV1221)

5:30-7:30 GradStudentReception(EV1Courtyard)

SaturdayOctober29th,2016

8:00–12:00 Registration(EV3Atrium;1stFloorbyWilliamsCoffeeShop)

8:30–8:45WelcomeandIntroduction(EV31408)

Chair:SusanElliott

8:30–5:30 PostersonDisplay(EV1Courtyard)

8:45-945

PlenaryLecture(EV31408):CombustibleGeopolitics:FireandChangeintheAnthropoceneDr.SimonDalby, WilfridLaurierUniversity/BalsillieSchoolofInternationalAffairs

Chair:SusanElliott9:45–10:00 NutritionBreakinEV3Atrium

10:00–11:30

CONCURRENTSESSIONSEV1132 EV33412 EV33408 EV33406 EV34408 EV34412

Session1AGlobalHealth

Session2APlanning

Session3AAgriculture

Session4ARemoteSensing

Session5AClimateChange

Session6AHydrology&

BiogeochemistryofRestoredWetland

Ecosystems

11:30–11:45 BREAK

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11:45–1:00

EV1132 EV33412 EV33408 EV33406 EV34408 EV34412

Session1BGlobalHealth

Session2B

SpecialSession:Trials&

TribulationsofFieldWork

Session3BPhysical

Geography:Soils&Water

Session4BSpecialSession:TellingBetterFutures

Session5BClimateChange

Session6BEconomic/Resource

1:00–2:00 LunchinEV3Atrium(AGMheldfrom1:15–1:45inEV31408)

2:00–3:30

CONCURRENTSESSIONSEV1132 EV33412 EV33408 EV33406 EV34408 EV34412

Session1CAboriginal

Environments

Session2CManaged

Ecosystems&Environmental

Change

Session3CDevelopmentGeography

Session4CPlanning

Session5CEnergy

Session6CHealth

Geography

3:30–3:45 NutritionBreakinEV3Atrium

3:45–5:15

EV1132 EV33412 EV33408 EV33406 EV34408 EV34412

Session1DGovernance

Session2DFoodSystems/Immigration

Session3DEconomic

Session4DDigital/GIS

Session5DDisasters

Session6DHealth

Geography

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PlenaryLecture(EV31408)SimonDalby

SimonDalbyistheActingChairoftheMasterin

InternationalPublicPolicyprogram,aCIGIChair

inthePoliticalEconomyofClimateChange,and

ProfessorofGeographyandEnvironmental

StudiesatWilfridLaurierUniversity.His

publishedresearchdealswithclimatechange,

politicalecology,geopolitics,globalsecurity,

environmentalchange,militarizationandthe

spatialdimensionsofgovernance.

CombustibleGeopolitics:FireandChangeintheAnthropocene

ProfesssorSimonDalby

WilfridLaurierUniversity/BalsillieSchoolofInternationalAffairs

Asmegafiresbecomemorefrequent,andfireseasonslengthen,thehuman

responsetoclimatechangeisnowfocusedonbothcombustionaswellas

precipitationevents.Fireisarelativelyneglectedpartofthehuman

transformationoftheplanet,onethatisworthrevisitingasapossiblewayto

linkclimateadaptation,therevivedinterestinmaterialgeopoliticsandthe

possibilitiesofextendingtraditionalanalysesofpoliticalecologytotheglobal

scale.Whilegreatcautionisneededinmakinglargetheoreticalclaimsabout

physicalprocessesinhumanaffairs,fireofferssomepotentiallyuseful

insightsintotheAnthropocenediscussionthatmayhelpwithhowthe

increasinglysignificant‘humanityfactor’canbeintegratedintoEarthSystem

Science.

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ConcurrentSessionProgram

SESSION1A:GLOBALHEALTH

Location:EV1132SessionChair:ElijahBisung

10:00–10:15

NeglectedTropicalDiseases(NTDs)astheclassicexampleofinequalityand

wellbeinginsub-SaharanAfrica

Ochola,E.A.&Elliott,S.J.

10:15–10:30

CommunityhealtheffectsofsurfaceminingintheUpperWestRegionof

Ghana

RogerAntabe,KilianN.Atuoye,VincentZ.Kuuire,GodwinArku&IsaacLuginaah

10:30–10:45

Thecommunity-basedhealthplanningandservicesandfacility-based

deliveriesintheUpperWestRegionofGhana.

JosephA.Braimah&IsaacLuginaah

10:45–11:00

CommunityHealthWorkersandMaternalHealthcareinRwanda:

Barrierstotheprovisionofadequateservices

GermaineTuyisenge,CelestinHategekimana,IsaacLuginaah,DavidCechetto,&StephenRulisa

11:00–11:15

GlobalHealthfromtheMargins:ThoughtsfromStudentsEngaginginCross-

SectoralCollaborations

LaceyWillmott,DevinWaugh,&LesleyJohnston

11:15–11:30

Psychosocialimpactsofthelackofaccesstowaterandsanitationinlow-and

middle-incomecountries:Ascopingreview

BisungElijah&SusanJ.Elliott

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SESSION1B:GLOBALHEALTH

Location:EV1132SessionChair:RogerAntabe

11:45–12:00

Health-WellbeingNexus:AnEcologicalandLifeCoursePerspectivein

TheorizationandConceptualizationofHealthandWellbeing

ElizabethOpiyoOnyango

12:00–12:15

TheEverydayHealthExperiencesofSouthSudaneseCanadiansinOttawa:A

FeministPoliticalEcologyofHealthPerspective

KatieMacPherson

12:15–12:30

LandOwnershipandHIVTestingamongMarriedWomeninNigeriaEmmanuelK.Kyeremeh,YujiroSano,RogerAntabe&JosephA.Braimah

12:30–12:45

NumberoflifetimesexualpartnersamongwomenandmeninGhana:An

analysisofthe2014GhanaDemographicandHealthSurvey

JemimaN.Baada,YujiSano,&RogerAntabe

12:45–1:00

Theimportanceofuser’sperceptionsofrecreationalanddrinkingwaterin

promotingsustainablewaterresourcesmanagement:�AcasestudyoftworuralwatertownshipsineasternChina

Li,Sabrina&Elliott,SusanJ.

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SESSION1C:ABORIGINALENVIRONMENTS

Location:EV1132SessionChair:K.Karanasios

2:00–2:15

TraditionalEcologicalKnowledgeofBelugaWhale(Delphinapterusleucas)in

achangingclimateintheInuvialuitSettlementRegion(ISR),NWT.

DevinWaugh,Peace,T.,Ostertag,S.,&Bradshaw,B.

2:15–2:30

PlacesofErasure:Assimilationimpactonindigenous“senseofplace”

ShirleyHall

2:30–2:45

TheKa’a’geeTuAtlas:Community-basedmonitoringoflandscapechangein

Kakisa,NT

KaitlinKok

2:45–3:00

BorderlessWaters:AnEvaluationofIndigenousPerspectivesinthe

MackenzieRiverBasinTransboundaryAgreements

TeallHall

3:00–3:15

TheUnevenImpactofWaterSecurityIssuesforInuitinIqaluit

VictoriaWatson

3:15–3:30

ThediffusionofrenewableelectricitytechnologiesinCanadianremote

aboriginalcommunitiesusingthetechnologicalinnovationsystemsapproach

K.Karanasios&P.Parker

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SESSION1D:GOVERNANCE

Location:EV1132SessionChair:AndrewMcCarlan

3:45–4:00

TheuseofmilitarytechnologiesalongtheUS-Mexicoborder:the

dehumanizationofundocumentedmigrants.

MonicaSocorroRomeroMeza

4:00–4:15

Usingvalues-associationofspaceandplaceto(de)legitimiseviolence

conductedinthewaronterror.

RebekahK.Pullen

4:15–4:30

Exploringneoliberalmulticulturalism‘frombelow’

ErinRose

4:30–4:45

NeoliberalEducationPolicy,Teachers’ProfessionalAutonomyandUnion

StrugglesinOntario

PaulBocking

4:45–5:00

TheRiseoftheNeoliberalCity:CondominiumDevelopmentandToronto’s

CityPlace

RachelPhillips

5:00–5:15

PoliticsthatParty:ExaminingtwoalternativeLGBTPrideeventsinGlasgow

AndrewMcCartan

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SESSION2A:PLANNINGLocation:EV33412

SessionChair:ClaudiaAguirre

10:00–10:15

PlanningforEstrangedRetirees:LookingattherelevanceofMarx’stheoryof

Alienated-Labourtoretiree’ssenseofplaceinthesuburbs.

ClaudiaAguirre,Supervisor:JenniferDean

10:15–10:30

Planningforcontroversiallanduses:thecaseofmedicalmarijuana

dispensaries(MMDs)inToronto

DavidJohnson&Dr.JenniferDean

10:30–10:45

Venturingtothe‘darkside’ofplanningtheory:Acriticalexaminationof

planningforaccessibility

SamanthaBiglieri,

10:45–11:00

TheArtistsofPeterborough

StephanieMurray

11:00–11:15

UrbanSizeandAcademicFocus:ExploringTrendsinCanadianUrban

Geography,PlanningandPolicyLiterature

MaxwellHartt

Collectiveinfrastructurewithoutananchor:thecaseofSt.Catharines=IDMindustry

JeffBoggs&StephanieMurray

11:15–11:30

RethinkingtheGeographyofSmallCities:PlanetaryUrbanization’sInflection

Points

Revington,N.

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SESSION2B:SPECIALSESSION:TRIALS&TRIBULATIONSOFFIELDWORK

Location:EV33412SessionChair:CherylChan

11:45–12:00

CultureShockintheField:OvercomingFeelingsofIsolationinanUnfamiliar

CulturalEnvironment

CherylChan

12:00–12:15

ManagingTrade-OffsinCanadianFisheriesandFisheriesResearch

GrahamEpstein

12:15–12:30

LivingandLearningwithLocals:AGenderPerspectiveaboutConducting

FieldworkinUnfamiliarEnvironments

F.NooriKhan

12:30–12:45

LettheLessonsFlow:TransformingHardshipsintheFieldintoaNew

ResearcherSkillset

DanielleLindamood

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SESSION2C:MANAGEDECOSYSTEMSANDENVIRONMENTALCHANGE

Location:EV33412SessionChair:AnneSmith

2:00–2:15

Feasibilityandpreliminaryresultsofusingmechanicalcompressionto

acceleratethereturnofhydrologicalfunctiontorestoredcutoverpeatlands

Tasha-LeighGauthier,Dr.ColinMcCarter,Dr.JonathanPrice

2:15–2:30

ThePerceivedStrengthsandWeaknessesofLargeMarineProtectedAreas

Artis,E.J.,Gray,N.J.,Gruby,R.L,Campbell,L.M.,Acton,L,Howson,P,Jones,S.B.,Mitchell,L.,Wilson,K.

2:30–2:45

StudyingtheImpactsofaChangingSnowpackontheBathurstCaribouHerd,

NorthwestTerritories

NickWilson,MichaelEnglish,ColinRobertson,JanAdamczewskiandRoyJudas

2:45–3:00

Vegetationcommunitycompositionasanindicatorofnaturalareahealthin

Mississauga,Ontario

StephanieVarty

3:00–3:15

DendroglaciologicalinvestigationsatKlinakliniGlacier,BritishColumbia

CoastMountains

LaurenFarmer&DanJ.Smith

3:15–3:30

Soilrewettingabilityonatransectofsoilorganiccarbonwithsand

soiltexture.

HidaManns,

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SESSION2D:FOODSYSTEMS/IMMIGRATION

Location:EV33412SessionChair:BlaireCullen

3:45–4:00

EmbeddedorDisembedded?:High-techurbanapproachestofoodsystem

sustainability

AlesandrosGlaro

4:00–4:15

Exploringshiftingfoodscapesduringtransitionintopermanentsupportive

housinginKingston,Ontario

MadisonHainstock

4:15–4:30

Ethno-CulturalOrganizationsandLocalImmigration

Partnerships:AMatchMadeinHeaven?

ACaseStudyfromDurhamRegion,Ontario

BlairCullen

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SESSION3A:AGRICULTURE

Location:EV33408SessionChair:SieraVercillo

10:00–10:15

EvaluatingtheOpportunitiestoDevelopOrganicAgricultureOnthe

GovernmentalLevel

DanshuQi

10:15–10:30

CharacterizingChina’stransitionpathwaystowardsorganicagriculture:a

nichelevelcasestudyinNanjing,China

NingDai

10:30–10:45

ProductionLogicofWell-Being:ConsideringtheNon-EconomicFactorsof

AgritourismProductioninSouthernOntario

SusanDupej

10:45–11:00

EssexCountyAgri-Tourism:ExploringRegionalandFarm-Level

Diversification

HeatherReid&Dr.JohnSmithers

11:00–11:15

SmallholderAgriculturalMechanizationintheNorthernSavannaofGhana:

ImplicationsonLanduseandProductionPatterns

MosesM.Kansanga&PeterAndersen

11:15–11:30

Debatedagronomy:Publicdiscourseandthefutureofbiotechnologypolicyin

Ghana

JosephA.Braimah,KilianN.Atuoye,SieraVercillo,CarrieWarring,IsaacLuginaah

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SESSION3B:PHYSICALGEOGRAPHY:SOILS&WATER

Location:EV33408SessionChair:WayneForsythe

11:45–12:00

ComparingSedimentContaminantConcentrationsintheSt.ClairDetroit-

RiverSystem

K.WayneForsythe,DanielleE.Mitchell,RichardR.Shaker,StephenJ.Swales,JosephM.Aversa,DanielJ.Jakubek

12:00–12:15

QuantifyingandMappingSoilErosionintheGrandRiverWatershed

OmarDzinic,BenjaminMeinen,CarolineKayko,JackSu,&DerekT.Robinson

12:15–12:30

Theimportanceofsoilpropertiesfortreeseedlinggrowthandsurvival

beyondalpinetreelines

EmmaL.Davis,Dr.Ze’evGedalof,Dr.HeatherHager

12:30–12:45

TreelineExpansionAlongtheCanolHeritageTrail,NWT,Canada->70years

Post-Disturbance

GeoffreyG.L.Kershaw,StevenD.Mamet,&G.PeterKershaw

12:45–1:00

WidespreaddryingofthePeace-AthabascaDelta,Alberta,Canada

Remmer,Casey,B.B.Wolfe,R.I.Hall

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SESSION3C:DEVELOPMENTGEOGRAPHY

Location:EV33408SessionChair:PeterDeadman

2:00–2:15

TheGenderedSpacesofVolunteerTourism

AmyKipp,Drs.RobertaHawkins&NoellaGray

2:15–2:30

“Wecan’tstaypoor”:ruralyouthmotivationstoengageinartisanalsmall-

scalemininginGhana.

LydiaOsei,GodwinArku&IsaacLuginaah

2:30–2:45

“Iwanttodevelopmyself,andmyvillage”:ACommunityApproachto

EducationintheLuangPrabangRegion,Laos

Langill,JenniferC.

2:45–3:00

Gatedcommunities,equity,andspatialfragmentationinGreaterAccra,

Ghana

EmmanuelKyeremeh,HansonNyantakyi-Frimpong,GodwinArku

3:00–3:15

CorrelatesofWomen’sAutonomyintheDemocraticRepublicofCongo

FlorenceWulloAnfaara*,YujiroSano,RogerAntabeandIsaacLuginaah

3:15–3:30

ExploringtheresilienceofhouseholdsintheAmazonestuary;anagentbased

simulation.

PeterDeadman&YueDou

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SESSION3D:ECONOMICLocation:EV33408

SessionChair:NancyWorth

3:45–4:00

FinancialConstraintsofChina’sSmallandMediumEnterprises

RuilinYang&AlbertBerry

4:00–4:15

Re-examinationoftheSempleandPhippsmodelofthedispersionof

corporateheadquarters

MartinRLefebvre&GrantLMorin

4:15–4:30

ConsultantsandConvergenceofEconomicDevelopmentPolicyinOntario,

Canada

EvanCleave,MerlinChetwood,&GodwinArku

4:30–4:45

GoverningthePhoenixIslandsProtectedArea:ThePoliticsofDecision-

Making

Mitchell,Lillian

4:45–5:00

Theprivilegeofaparentalsafetynet:Millennialsandtheintergenerational

transferofwealthandresources

NancyWorth

5:00–5:15

“Ananalysisofthemodeoftheproductionofgenderedspace“

Casestudies:MadarandQazvinSquaresinTehran,Iran

AnahidShirkhodaee

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SESSION4A:REMOTESENSING

Location:EV33406SessionChair:BrandonWalker

10:00–10:15

Applicationoffixed-wingUnmannedAerialSystemsforhigh-resolution

documentationofsnowmeltwaterbudgetacrossshrub-tundralandscapes

BrandenWalker,PhilipMarsh,PhilipMann,TylerdeJong

10:15–10:30

MappingandMonitoringMonarchHabitatwithUnmannedAerialVehicles

Robinson,D.T.&Ridge,J.

10:30–10:45

AnalysisofhabitatrestorationusingRemotesensingandGIS:ACaseStudyof

NorthwestBeach,PointPeleeNationalPark,Ontario,Canada.

Nayak,P.,&Byrne,M-L.

10:45–11:00

Investigatinggrasslandpropertiesusinghelicopter-acquiredhigh-spatial

resolutionhyperspectralimagery

BingLu,CameronProctor,&YuhongHe

11:00–11:15

Temporal-spectraltrajectorybasedchangedetectionandclassificationfor

bamboo-dominatedforestsinSouthernBrazil

ClaraJ.Greig,ColinRobertson&AndreE.B.Lacerda

11:15–11:30

ApplicationsofRADARSAT-2polarimetricdataforassessingdegradedwhite

mangroveforests

DuncanJ.E.Hill,JohnM.Kovacs&FranciscoFlores-de-Santiago

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SESSION4B:SPECIALSESSIONTELLINGBETTERFUTURES

Location:EV33406SessionChair:ScottDavidMorton

11:45–12:00

DecarbonizationWaterlooRegion:Participatorylearninginalocalenergy

transition

ScottDavidMorton

12:00–12:15

Addressingcomplexityusingmultiscalescenarioanalysis:Anoverviewand

futureagendaforCanada’senergyscenarios

JudeHerijadiKurniawan&VanessaSchweizer

12:15–12:30

Thebeststrategytocopewithcroppriceshock—acasestudyusingagent-

basedmodel

YueDou,PeterDeadman,MartaBerbes,DerekRobinson,&DawnParker

12:30–12:45

Sixtyyearsofvaluationstudiesforweatherandclimateforecastservices:A

meta-analysis

MillionTadesse&BrianMills

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SESSION4C:PLANNINGLocation:EV33406

SessionChair:WendyBurton

2:00–2:15

SmallTownsinTransition:AnExploratoryStudyinCollingwood,Ontario

ShaChang&SanjayK.Nepal

2:15–2:30

Evaluatingtheeffectsofroadnetworkstructureontrafficcongestionand

retailstoresales

JunyiWang&DerekT.Robinson

2:30–2:45

SeekingIntegritybetweenGreenInfrastructureandIntensification

SaraSaboonian&PierreFilion

2:45–3:00

HeadphonesandUrbanSpace:BuildingSoundscapesof

Resistance

Brown,S.&Dean,J.

3:00–3:15

Exploringtheuseofsocialvaluestofacilitatepublicparticipationinhighly

regulatedenvironmentalmanagementdecisions

Philpot,S.,Hipel,K.,&Johnson,P.

3:15–3:30

“RaisingSocialCapitalforGreenInfrastructure:TheRoleofCivilSocietyin

GreenspaceProtectionintheTorontoRegion”

WendyBurton

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SESSION4D:DIGITAL/GIS

Location:EV33406SessionChair:PeterJohnson

3:45–4:00

#happy:landuseandhappiness

EricVaz

4:00–4:15

Localmulticriteriaanalysisandagent-basedmodelsforsimulatingurban

landusepatterns

HosseinHosseini,&JacekMalczewski

4:15–4:30

EvaluationofMunicipalGovernmentMobileApplicationsfor311Service

Requests

QingLu&PeterJohnson

4:30–4:45

QualityEvaluationofVolunteeredGeographicInformation:TheCaseof

OpenStreetMap

HongyuZhang

4:45–5:00

ListeningtotheUsers:ImprovingOnlineToolsandDataAccessatthePolar

DataCatalogue

GabrielleAlix,DanaChurch,YunweiDong,ColinFagan,DavidFriddell,JulieFriddell,FrankLauritzen,EllsworthLeDrew,TristanMills,GarretReid

5:00–5:15

Modelsofdirecteditingofgovernmentspatialdata:Challengesand

constraintstotheacceptanceofcontributeddata

PeterA.Johnson

32

SESSION5A:CLIMATECHANGE

Location:EV34408SessionChair:JohannaWandel

10:00–10:15

Rainwaterharvestingasadaptationtoclimatechange:aninterdisciplinary

question

JohannaWandel

10:15–10:30

AnOperationalWinterSeverityIndexforWinterHighwayMaintenancein

Ontario,Canada

LindsayMatthews*,JeanAndrey,IvanMinokhin,MaxPerchanok

10:30–10:45

EvolutionofwintertemperatureinToronto,Ontario,Canada:Acasestudyof

winters2013-14and2014-15

ConorI.Anderson&WilliamA.Gough

10:45–11:00

Theexperiencesandperceptionsofflood-proneCanadians:Preliminary

resultsfromanationalfloodriskperceptionsurvey

Dr.JasonThistlewaithe,Dr.DanielHenstra,Dr.DanielScott,&Dr.CraigBrown

11:00–11:15

OpportunitiesandConstraintsforCoastalAdaptationinMetroVancouver

A.Rutledge

11:15–11:30

Applyinganoveltheoreticalframeworktorecreationandtourismresearch:

ThecaseforProtectionMotivationTheory

StephanieVerkoeyen,UniversityofWaterloo

33

SESSION5B:CLIMATECHANGE

Location:EV34408SessionChair:BrendaMurphy

11:45–12:00

Climate-inducedenvironmentalchangeandthefutureoftourismatthe

AthabascaGlacier

Weber,M.,Lemieux,C.J.,Groulx,M.&Scott,D.

12:00–12:15

Enhancingplanningandpreparednesscapacitiesforclimatechange

resilienceinWawa,Ontario:Acommunity-basedphotovoiceapproach

Russo,Samantha

12:15–12:30

UsingPhotovoicetoUnderstandClimateChangeAdaptationinRuralOntario

Hissa,K.

12:30–12:45

Climateriskandknowledgemobilizationinthetransportationsector

JeanAndrey

12:45–1:00

MeasuringtheEffectivenessofanOutdoorEducationProgramonHighSchool

Students’Knowledge,Attitudes,andBehavioursTowardsClimateChange–

ClimateChangeS.O.S.–SaveOurSyrup!Dr.BrendaMurphy&BryceGunson

34

SESSION5C:ENERGYLocation:EV34408

SessionChair:NickMercer

2:00–2:15

Assessingtheimpactsandperceptionsofsmartgridinterventionson

suburbanresidentialenergyculture

Lazowski,B.,Parker,P.&Rowlands,I.H.

2:15–2:30

SustainableEnergyinNorthernCommunities

StephaniePike

2:30–2:45

BarrierstoRenewableEnergyDevelopmentinNewfoundlandandLabrador:

ACaseStudyofWindEnergyApplyingthe‘AKTESP’AnalyticalFramework

NickMercer

2:45–3:00

Lessonsfromthepast:Whyweshouldnotoverlooksocialtransformation

trendsfollowingresourcebooms

HalimaGoumandakoye

SESSION5D:DISASTERSLocation:EV34408

SessionChair:L.Chakrabarty

3:45–4:00

BuildBackBetterDisasterRecoveryinJava,Indonesia:KeystoSuccessin

VillageReconstructionandRelocation

Woodhall,B.

4:00–4:15

ChangeDetectionfromLandsat:2004IndonesianTsunami

MarissaI.Chase&TarmoK.Remmel

4:15–4:30

Publicattentiontoenvironmentalhazards

AmberSilverandJeanAndrey

4:30–4:45

Integratedcommunity-baseddisasterriskreductionapproachtofloodrisk

management:agoodpracticeprojectinAyutthaya,Thailand

Chakraborty,L.

35

SESSION6A:HYDROLOGY&BIOGEOCHEMISTRYOFRESTOREDWETLANDECOSYSTEMS

Location:EV34412SessionChair:MariaStrack

10:00–10:15

DissolvedorganiccarbondynamicsinaconstructedfenintheAthabascaOil

SandsRegion,Alberta

S.E.Irvine,M.Strack,&J.S.Price

10:15–10:30

Energy,waterandcarbonfluxesfromaconstructedborealwetland

Clark,M.G.,Humphreys,E.,,&Cary,S.

10:30–10:45

EbullitionfromMarshSedimentsafterWetlandRestoration

VictoriaWisniewski,MonikaHavelka,&TimDuval

10:45–11:00

TheRoleofVascularPlantsinN2OEmissionsfromRestoredPeatlands

MartinE.Brummell,CristinaLazcano,&MariaStrack

11:00–11:15

UsingtheTeaBagIndextocharacterizedecompositionrateinrestored

peatlands

MacDonald,E.,Gauthier,T.,Elliott,J.,Turmel-Courchesne,L.,Touchette,S.,Bieniada,A.,Saraswati,S.,Engering,A.,&Strack,M.

11:15–11:30

Quantifyingtopographyatthelandscapelevelforlargereclamationprojects

CollinBranton&DerekT.Robinson

36

SESSION6B:ECONOMIC/RESOURCE

Location:EV34412SessionChair:PatrickLawrence

11:45–12:00

The(re)productionofnatureonnaturalresourcebasedrealitytelevision

KendalClark,JenniferJ.Silver,andRobertaHawkins

12:00–12:15

MeasuringtheEconomicImpactsofProtectedAreasonNearbyCommunities

CatharineBrazeau

12:15–12:30

20YearsLater-Evolutionor(De)EvolutionofOntarioGreatLakesShoreline

ManagementPlans,1995-2015:ACaseStudyofElginCounty.

PatrickLawrence

SESSION6C:HEALTHGEOGRAPHY

Location:EV34412SessionChair:KathiWilson

2:00–2:15

Thinkingrelationallyaboutbuiltenvironmentsandphysicalactivity:Astudy

ofadultwalkingbehaviorinWaterloo,Ontario

JenniferDean,MichaelDrescher,JeffCasello,AnnaGarnett&TroyGlover

2:15–2:30

Insearchofgreenerpastures:Migrationdecision-makingofFilipinonurses

MaddyThompson

2:30–2:45

TheSocialDisorganizationofIntimatePartnerViolence

AnthonyPiscitelli

2:45–3:00

RuralCommunityConflictandBiosolidFacilitySiting:Wherearewenow?

SarahMason-Renton&IsaacLuginaah

3:00–3:15

AspatialanalysisofbreastcancerinSouthernOntario

JennyTjhin,IsaacLuginaah

3:15–3:30

Migration,HealthandTemporaryForeignWorkers:ExaminingHealthand

AccesstoHealthCareamongFilipinaLive-inCaregiversintheGreater

TorontoArea,Ontario,Canada

JessicaCarlos&KathiWilson

37

SESSION6D:HEALTHGEOGRAPHY

Location:EV34412SessionChair:JennaDixon

3:45–4:00

NewBrainGeographies:LivingwithChiariMalformation

GavinJ.Andrews

4:00–4:15

Rundownbythewolf:exploringtherelationshipbetweengenderand

economicmarginalizationforCanadianswithSystemicLupusErythematosus

(SLE)”

JennaDixon,SusanJ.Elliott&AnnE.Clarke

4:15–4:30

SchoolnutritionpolicycomplianceinOntarioandAlberta:Anenvironmental

assessmentofsecondaryschoolvendingmachinedatafromtheCOMPASS

Study

Vine,M.M.,Harrington,D.W.,Butler,A.,Patte,K.,Godin,K.,&Leatherdale,S.T.

4:30–4:45

GlobalMigrationandChronicInflammatoryDiseases:ExaminingHealth

LiteracyamongSouthAsianPopulations

Dr.IvyDam,GurveerBains&Dr.KathiWilson

4:45–5:00

Whatdoesitmeantolivewithachronicillness?Investigatingthe

geographiesoffoodallergyinGhana

GeorgeA.Atiim&SusanJ.Elliott

5:00–5:15

UsingKnowledgeExchangeStrategiestoEnhanceResearchImpact:Lessons

LearnedfromtheCOMPASSStudy

KristinM.Brown,SusanJ.Elliott,&ScottT.Leatherdale

38

Posters(Alphabeticalorderbyfirstauthor)

ProductioninAlternativeAgriculture:Understandinglabouroncertifiedorganic

farmsinOntario,Canada

LucasBramberger&Dr.EvanFraser

ModellingUrbanSnowMeltinWaterloo,Ontario

PaulDonchenko&RichardKelly

AbandonedOilWell-PadPeatlandReclamation

AliEngering,MariaStrack,BinXu&MelanieBird

LymeDiseaseandDeforestation:Arealistsystematicreview

P.M.Enright

DevelopingbaselineknowledgeofwaterandmetalssuppliedbythePeaceRiverto

thePeace-AthabascaDelta,northernAlberta,usingpaleolimnology

FaberJ.,T.Owca,R.I.Hall&B.B.Wolfe

Spatialusepatternsinthreeincome-differentiatedHamilton(ON)CensusTracts

MiltonJ.Friesen

NavigatingtheComplexSeafoodCertificationLandscape:

AnAnalysisofDecisionMakingamongAtlanticLobsterHarvesterGroups

LarissaGoshulak,Dr.JenniferSilver&Dr.BenjaminBradshaw

TheeffectofDouble-crestedcormorant(Phalacrocoraxauritus)associatedtreemortalityoninvasiveEuropeanfireants(Myrmicarubra)atTommyThompson

Park,Toronto,Ontario

AditiGupta&GailS.Fraser

LuckyRealizationsoftheSnow-AORelationshipinCMIP5Models

TylerHerrington&Dr.ChrisFletcher

LakeIce/WaterSegmentationofDualPolarizationRADARSAT-2SARImagerywith

theIterativeRegionGrowingusingSemanticsAlgorithm

MarieHoekstra,ClaudeDuguay,&DavidClausi

39

DiscerningEffectsofMultipleStressorsonLakesoftheAthabascaDeltausing

Paleolimnology

MitchellL.Kay,ErinMacDonald,KristenWesenberg,KathleenBrown,JasminaVucic,LauraNeary,JohanA.Wiklund,RolandI.Hall&BrentB.Wolfe

Mississauga’surbanforest:Assessinglocalandregionalclimatevulnerability

TalhaKhan&Dr.TenleyConway

IstheAthabascaRiverBeingPollutedfromAlbertaOilSandsDevelopment?

Klemt,WynonaH.,RolandI.Hall&BrentB.Wolfe

StatisticalDownscalingFutureSoilTemperatureataNorthernAirportinQuebec

AndrewC.W.Leung,TanzinaMohsin&WilliamA.Gough

SusceptibilityandRiskAssessmentofEarthquake-inducedLandslidesUsingAnUAV-

basedApproach

RuiLiu,SaiedPirasteh,&JonathanLi

AssessmentofCultivatedLandPressureStatusinChina

XiaofangLiu,YajieZhang,JonathanLi,&LingfeiMa

ExperiencesofCommunityGardensParticipantsinDifferentTypesofGardening

Spaces

AdrianLue,&Dr.TenleyConway

ShouldDriverlessCarsStillNeedRoadMaps?

LingfeiMa,JonathanLi,&SimonH.Zhao

MappingPevenseyBay:TheHistorical,EnvironmentalandCartographicEvidence

ChristopherMacdonaldHewitt

EvaluatingretrievalsofsoilmoisturefromC-BandSARtochangesinvegetation

acrosstwogrowingseasons

JoshMacDougall,AaronBerg,TracyRowlandson,ElenéUeckermann&JenelleWhite

ExamininginitiativestoreintroduceIndigenouscultivationandmanagement

practicesinState-ledparksandprotectedareas

SamanthaMcGee,JenniferJ.Silver&RobinRoth

Effectofbiocharonsoilhealth,greenhousegasemissionsandclimatechange

resilience

Mechler,M.A.&Oelberman,M.

Useofphotosyntheticpigmentstotrackhydroecologicalconditionsoflakesinthe

Peace-AthabascaDelta,afloodplaindownstreamofmajorenergyprojects

EvaMehler,CaseyRemmer,RolandI.Hall,BrentB.Wolfe,JoshuaThienpont&JulesBlais

40

Mappingalarge-scalediebackofmangrovesinAustralia’sGulfofCarpentariausinga

Landsat8timeseries

HaileyS.Morning,DuncanJ.E.Hill,JohnM.Kovacs,&NormanC.Duke

PlayDesertsasHealthInequities?MappingPlaygrounddesertsandsocioeconomic

deprivationinKingston,ON

AllisonMurray&JeffreyR.Masuda

Re-estructurationéconomiqueetseseffetsespaciauxàPortoAlegre,Brésil.JoelOuttes

Leréseaudesréseauxurbains:Lagéographiedel´InternationaleUrbaine(1851-

aujourd´hui)JoelOuttes

DevelopmentandEvaluationofaGeneralizedOnlineSpatialArgumentation

Platform

Pierre,J.&Rinner,C.

Reviewofdatacollectionmethodsforpost-harvesttillageresidueassessment

NealPilger,AaronBerg,RenatoPardo,&JoshuaAntinolfi

EmergenttechnologiesinPrecisionAgriculture/Viticulture

NealPilger,MikeDuncan,&JoshuaAntinolfi

LiDARderivedDEMforimprovinghazardsandgeomorphologyanalysesofriver

mobility

SaiedPirasteh&JonathanLi

Identifyingthecommongeographicalpatternofcrimeandhealth:Applyinga

Bayesiansharedcomponentmodeltoanalyzeviolentcrimeandattemptedsuicidein

WaterlooRegion

MatthewQuick&JaneLaw

TheuncertainhealthgeographiesofkidneytransplantpatientsinGuadalajara,

Mexico

CarlosE.Sanchez-Pimienta,PaulinaMadrigal-Vargas,&JeffreyMasuda

ACriticalAnalysisofState-LedRecoveryofEndangeredSpeciesUsingtheCaseStudy

ofNorthernandSouthernResidentKillerWhalesinBritishColumbia,Canada

MeganSutton

TheRetailInvasion:NewForeignChainsinCanada

StephenSwales,WayneK.Forsythe&JosephAversa

41

Carbonandmethaneexchangeinarestoredpeatland:evaluatingtheroleofthree

graminoidspecies

Touchette,S.&Strack,M.

WeatherandHydrologicalDatafortheCCRNSpecialObservationandAnalysis

PeriodintheWesternCanadianArctic.

M.Tsui,P.Marsh,B.Walker,P.Mann&E.Wilcox

AssessingtheSpatialandTemporalTrendsofSeasonalIceinapeatlandinthe

WesternBorealPlains;MethodsandPreliminaryResults

BrandonVanHuizen&Dr.RichardM.Petrone

MeetingtheDemandforGeoscienceInformation?:AJurisdictionScanofCanadian

ProvincialSurveys’GeohazardsProgramsandProjects

ShonaL.vanZijlldeJong

GeoscienceResearch,CanadianRadonRiskScapesandPublicSafetyDecisionMaking

ShonavanZijlldeJong&MatthewLeybourne

MonitoringRainwaterHarvestingSystemsinIndiaUsingSatelliteRemoteSensing

Observations

Vanthof,V.R.&Kelly,R.E.J.

Waterrisk-perceptioninNyanchwa,Kenya

JoannVarickanickal,ElijahBisung&SusanElliott

Thehydrologicalimportanceofaspatiotemporallyvariablefrosttableinthe

westernCanadianArctic

EvanWilcox,DawnKeim,PhilMarsh,AndrewIreson,BrandenWalker,&PhilipMann

UsingrLakeAnalyzerandConstantMonitoringBuoystoTrackCyanobacteriaBloom

DevelopmentinCallanderBayandWasiLake,Ontario

KyleWittmaier

CharacterizingtheSpatialExtentofaBasalChannelUnderAntarctica’sNansenIce

ShelfUsingLowFrequencyGroundPenetratingRadar.

PeterWray

IdentificationofBuildingSurfaceMaterialsUsingHyperspectralRemoteSensing

Imagery

ChengmingYe,SaiedPirasteh&JonathanLi

Commonattributesintrees:acasestudyoftheprivateurbanforestintheGreater

TorontoArea

VivianYip&TenleyConway

42

FoodbyWard:FoodAssetsandOpportunitiesinToronto

LaineYoung

DeterminationofForestInventoryParametersUsingaTerrestrialLaserScanner

SimonH.Zhao,JonathanLi&LinfeiMa

Challengesinevaluationofsafetyeffectofroundabouts

YueZhao,JeanAndrey&PeterDeadman

43

Abstracts(Alphabeticalorderbyfirstauthor)PlanningforEstrangedRetirees:LookingattherelevanceofMarx’stheoryofAlienated-

Labourtoretiree’ssenseofplaceinthesuburbs

Author:ClaudiaAguirre,UniversityofWaterloo

Supervisor:JenniferDean

Thispaperexaminessuburbanneighborhoods'builtenvironmentsaspotentialmitigators

orcatalystsforsocialisolationandalienationduringretirement.Studiesonsocialisolationhave

focusedonit'sheathrisksforretireesandofferedsuggestionsforinclusion.Additionally,the

WHO'sguideforage-friendlycommunitieshighlightshowtransportation,accesstoservices,and

socialactivityareallinterconnectedandpartofanage-friendlycommunity.Throughthispaper,I

suggestthatsocialisolationduringretirementfunctionsasaformofalienation.Ilookatearly

Marx'snotionofalienatedlabourandsuggestthatretiringinasuburbancommunitycantriggera

secondaryformofestrangementfromothersandfromself.UsingMarx'stheory,Idrawconnections

betweenretirees'senseofestrangementandsenseofplace.ThroughthisIofferanewtheoretical

lensthroughwhichwecanexaminetheplacesinwhicholderadultsliveandaddtotheresearchon

age-friendlycommunitiesandaging-in-place.Iendbyproposingthatbuiltenvironmentscould

eithercontributetoanoverallsenseofalienation,byenablingasenseofestrangementfromplace,

orhelpmitigateit,inneighborhoodsthatlendthemselveswelltocivicengagement,socialactivity,

andcommunitybuildingforolderadults.

ListeningtotheUsers:ImprovingOnlineToolsandDataAccessatthePolarDataCatalogue

Author(s)andAffiliations:

GabrielleAlix1

DanaChurch1

YunweiDong1

ColinFagan1

DavidFriddell1

JulieFriddell1

FrankLauritzen1

EllsworthLeDrew1

TristanMills1

GarretReid1

1PolarDataCatalogue/CanadianCryosphericInformationNetwork,UniversityofWaterloo

Abstract:

ThePolarDataCatalogue(PDC)oftheCanadianCryosphericInformationNetwork(CCIN)isadata

archiveandeducationaloutreachprojectattheUniversityofWaterloo.WeareCanada'sprimary

sourcefordataandinformationaboutsnow,ice,andcoldregions.ThePDCarchivesandserves

onlinedatafromCanadianandinternationalpolarresearchprogramsandcurrentlyholdsover

44

2,400metadatadescriptionsofdatasets,2.7milliondatafiles,and27,700RADARSATimagesof

northernCanadaandAntarctica.

Toimproveservicetoresearchers,northernandIndigenousCanadians,decisionmakers,andthe

public,CCINisexpandinguserservicestoenhanceunderstandingofandaccesstoourArcticand

Antarcticcollections.Inresponsetouserdemand,ontheCCINwebsite(https://ccin.ca/),

increasingly,dataareexaminedusinginteractivevisualizationtoolswhichareeasytoimplement

andintuitivetounderstand.Alongwithrecentuser-drivenimprovementstoourPDCDataInput

applicationandourlow-bandwidthPDCLitedatasearchapplication(https://polardata.ca)which

servesnorthernuserswithlimitedInternetspeeds,wearecurrentlyredesigningourfull-featured

PDCDataSearchapplicationtoaddressuserrequestsregardingtheinterfaceandfunctionality.

Since2015,wehaveconductedworkshopstoteachprinciplesofdatamanagementandengage

usersfromdiversebackgrounds.Throughtheseandotheractivities,wehopetoenhance

usefulnesstoourusersandmakethedataandinformationcontainedinthePDCmoreaccessible

andrelevanttoCanadiansandtheworld.

Keywords(upto4):

Datamanagement,Userengagement,Dataaccess,Onlinetools

EvolutionofwintertemperatureinToronto,Ontario,Canada:Acasestudyofwinters2013-

14and2014-15

ConorI.AndersonandWilliamA.Gough

Dept.ofPhysicalandEnvironmentalSciences,UniversityofTorontoScarborough,1265Military5

Trail,Scarborough,OntarioM1C1A4,Canada.

Abstract:

Globally,2014and2015werethetwowarmestonrecord.Atoddswiththeseglobalrecords,

Canadaexperiencedanomalouslycoldweatherduringthe2013–14and2014–15winters.This

studysoughttocontextualizethesecoldwinterswithinalargerclimatecontextinToronto,Ontario,

Canada.Torontowintertemperature(Tmax,Tmin,andTmean)forthe2013–14and2014–15

seasonswererankedamongallwintersforthreeperiods:1840–41to2015(175winters),1965–66

to2015(50winters),and1985–86to2015(30winters).Theaveragewarmingtrendforeach

temperaturemetricduringthesethreeperiodswereanalyzedusingtheMann-Kendalltestand

Thiel-Senslopeestimation.Winter2013–14and2014–15werethe34thand36thcoldestwinters

inTorontosincerecord-keepingbeganin1840.Torontowintertemperatureshavewarmed

considerablysincewinter1840–41.TheMann-Kendallanalysisshowedstatisticallysignificant

monotonictrendsinwinterTmax,Tmin,andTmeaninthelast175years,andthelast50years.

Thesetrendsnotwithstanding,inthelast30yearstherehasbeennoclearsignalinTorontowinter

temperature.Thelast30yearsalsoshowmorevariationthantheprevious50years,indicatinga

largerrangeoftemperatures.Thiswasconfirmedbyastatisticallysignificantincreaseindiurnal

temperaturerange,between1985–86and2015,indicatinganexpansionofwinterextreme

temperaturesduringthatperiod.Wefindnodirectinfluenceofmajorteleconnectionsonwinter

temperatureinToronto,butidentifyanomaliesinthepositionofthejetstreamduringthesecold

events.

Keywords:climatechange,wintertemperature,timeseriesanalysis,polarJetstream

45

NewBrainGeographies:LivingwithChiariMalformation

GavinJ.Andrews.McMasterUniversity(oralpaper)

Healthgeographershaveconsideredthebrainintermsoflivingwithmentalillnessandthenature

ofmentalhealthcareand,toalesserextent,withregardtointellectualdisability.Theyhave

however,likemostsocialscientists,neglectedphysical/structuralbrainabnormalitiesanddefects.

ThispresentationconsidersthespatialexperienceoflivingandcopingwithType1Chiari

Malformation;aconditionaffectingoneinathousandpeople-mainlychildrenandyoungadults-

wherebythecerebellartonsilsincorrectlyextendandpushthroughthebaseoftheskull(symptoms

includingheadaches,vertigo,impairedcoordination,disorientationandweakness).Intermsof

nexusthinking,throughqualitativeresearchthestudyconsiderstheintersectionsofthreedomains

(i)homeandsocialspacewhich,althoughbeingmeaningfulanchorsandpositiveenvironmentsfor

sufferers,arenolongersopositivelyaffectivebecausethedebilitatingconditionblockssufferers

frombasicmovementandenergy,makingthemfeeloutofsyncwithwhatistakingplacearound

themandtheirformerlivesmoregenerally.(ii)medicalspace,whichalthoughpotentiallycurative

andtransformative,isitselfcomplex,uncertainandfrightening.(iii)supportspace–often

cyberspace–throughwhichsuffererscanattainbothaccurateandinaccurateinformationand

sharegoodandbadexperiences.Thesedomainsareinterrelatedinmultipleways,andeachclearly

possessesbothpositiveandnegativeattributes.

Keywords:brain,affect,qualitative,chronic,pain

Climateriskandknowledgemobilizationinthetransportationsector

JeanAndrey,UniversityofWaterloo

Afterabriefoverviewoftheevolutionofanthropogenicclimatechangeasaglobalenvironmental

issue,reflectionsareofferedontheroleandreadinessofuniversityresearchers,andespecially

geographers,inaddressingassociatedrisks.Examplesareprovidedfromthetransportationsector,

whereweather-relatedcollisionpatternsunderscoretheneedformore“intentionality”and

“substantiality”inclimate-riskresponse.

KeyWords:climatechange,adaptation,transportation,risk

CorrelatesofWomen’sAutonomyintheDemocraticRepublicofCongo

FlorenceWulloAnfaara1*,YujiroSano2,RogerAntabe1andIsaacLuginaah3

1- EnvironmentalHazardsandHealthLab,DepartmentofGeography,WesternUniversity,LondonCanada

2- DepartmentofSociology,WesternUniversity,LondonCanada3- DepartmentofGeography,WesternUniversity,LondonCanada

Abstract

46

Women’s household decision-making autonomy is associated with positive health-seeking

behaviours such as antenatal care visits and contraceptive use. Yet, correlates of women’s

autonomy in post-conflict settings like the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) have been less

documented.Drawingdatafromthe2013-2014DRCDemographicandHealthSurveyandapplying

ordinary least squares technique,we aimed to fill this important void.Our findings indicate that

demographic, sociocultural, and socioeconomic factors were strongly correlated with women’s

autonomy.Forexample,comparedtoKinshasa,womeninallotherprovinceshadlowerautonomy.

AlsoMuslimwomenandwomenfromotherreligionshadlowerautonomythanChristianwomen.

Wealsofoundthatricher,moreeducated,andemployedwomenhadhigherautonomythantheir

poorer, less educated, and unemployed counterparts. These findings suggest that intervention

programs in empowering women in the DRC through formal education and provision of

socioeconomic opportunities while addressing cultural practices that are harmful to women’s

decision-makingautonomyareneeded.

KeyWords:DemocraticRepublicofCongo;Women’sautonomy;DemographicandHealthSurvey;

Conflict;Kinshasa

CommunityhealtheffectsofsurfaceminingintheUpperWestRegionofGhana

RogerAntabe1*,KilianN.Atuoye1,VincentZ.Kuuire2,GodwinArku3andIsaac

Luginaah3

1- EnvironmentalHazardsandHealthLab,DepartmentofGeography,WesternUniversity,LondonCanada

2- DepartmentofGeographyandPlanning,QueensUniversity,KingstonCanada3- DepartmentofGeography,WesternUniversity,LondonCanada

Abstract

Theemergenceofagoldmining industryandthe influxofArtisanalSmallScaleMining following

recent discoveries of gold deposits in Northern Ghana have posed new socio-cultural, economic,

environment andhealth challenges for residents in this dry savannah zone that is already facing

negative consequences of environmental change. Yet, knowledge of the impact of this emerging

industry on the health of local population has been lacking. Furthermore, the extent to which

residents inhostcommunitiesperceiveminingactivities to impact theirhealthhasbeennascent.

Using a cross sectional data (n=801) and applying negative log-log model, this study examines

residents’Self-ratedHealth(SRH)inmininghostcommunitiesintheUpperWestRegionofGhana.

The findings suggest that while uncertainty (neutral) about the health impact of odours from

miningactivitiesisassociatedwithpoorSRHinbothimpactedandaffectedcommunities(OR=2.01,

p≤0.001;OR=1.53,p≤0.1respectively),onlyresidentsinimpactedcommunitieswhobelieveodours

frommininghasnegativehealthimplicationswereassociatedwithpoorSRH(OR=1.98,p≤0.001).

Witnessing dust pollution in homes, however, was not associated with poor SRH in the study

context.Moreovereducation,olderage,wealth, religionanddistrictof residencewereassociated

with poor SRH. The findings suggestmining activitiesmay be exacerbating the already stressed

environmentandcontributing topoorhealth.Thestudyrecommendsanurgentneed to reassess

Ghana’sMineralsandMiningActbyactivelyinvolvingresidentsinhostcommunitiesinmineleases

whileenforcingstrictenvironmentalbestpractices.

Keywords:Ghana;UpperWestRegion;Mining;Self-ratedHealth;Impacted;Affected

47

ThePerceivedStrengthsandWeaknessesofLargeMarineProtectedAreas

Artis,E.J1.,Gray,N.J1.,Gruby,R.L2,Campbell,L.M3.,Acton,L3.,Howson,P2.,Jones,S.B3.,Mitchell,L1.,

Wilson,K2.

1DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofGuelph

2DepartmentofHumanDimensionsofNaturalResources,ColoradoStateUniversity

3NicholasSchoolofEnvironment,DukeUniversity

Largemarineprotectedareas(LMPA)aremarineprotectedareas(MPA)greaterthan100,000km2.

Theyareseenaspivotalformeetingglobalconservationtargets.ConventionalMPAsonaverageare

lessthan5km2andaregenerallyestablishedincoastalareas.Duetotheirproximitytopopulated

areastherehasbeenmuchresearchdoneontheirstrengthsandweaknessesinrelationtosocial,

economic,political,andecologicaloutcomes.However,lessisknownofLMPAswhichtendto

protectvastandremoteoceanspaces.Recentlyscholarshavebeguntodebatethestrengthsand

weaknessesofLMPAsasconservationtoolsduetotheiruniquehumandimensions.Whereassome

arguetheyareeasyconservation‘wins’,protectingentireecosystems,othersargueLMPAsunfairly

harmmarginalizedstakeholders.Thepurposeofthisstudyistobetterunderstandperceptionsof

thestrengthsandweaknessesofLMPAsinrelationtodiversevaluesforocean-space.Thisstudy

usedQMethodology,amixedqualitativeandquantitativemethodthatusesfactoranalysis,to

determinecommonpointsofviewheldbydifferentstakeholders.Weinterviewed40keyactors

fromfiveestablishedandproposedLMPAsites,including:MarianasTrenchMarineNational

Monument,UnitedStates;thePhoenixIslandsProtectedArea,Kiribati;NationalMarineSanctuary,

Palau;andtheproposedLMPAsinBermudaandRapaNui(EasterIsland),Chile.Preliminaryresults

oftheQMethodanalysishighlightthecharacteristicsoftwodominantperspectivesacrossLMPA

sites.ThedominantviewissupportiveofLMPAswhereasthesecondviewismorecriticalof

LMPAs.

Keywords:largemarineprotectedareas,QMethod,environmentalconservation

Whatdoesitmeantolivewithachronicillness?Investigatingthegeographiesoffood

allergyinGhana

GeorgeA.AtiimandSusanJ.Elliott

DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo,Ontario,

Canada

Abstract

Foodallergy[FA]isnolongeranisolateddiseaseofwesterncountries.Researchsuggestsitsreach

hasbecomeglobalasdevelopingcountriesjointheFAepidemic.AsincidenceandprevalenceofFA

aredocumented,thereisaneedtounderstandtheperceptionsandexperiencesoflivingandcoping

withaFA.Inthisexploratorystudyinvolvingtwenty[20]in-depthinterviewswithfoodallergic

individuals,weunpackedthelivedexperiencesrelatingtopsychosocialburdenandcoping

strategies.FAimpactedonthepsychological[e.g.anxietyandfear],social[e.g.stigmatization],and

economic[e.g.medicalfees]wellbeingofparticipants.Importantinsightsalsoemergedaroundthe

roleofsocialcontext[e.g.inadequateinformation]inunderstandinghowparticipantscopewith

foodallergies.Thisstudyisimportantasafirststeptowardsunderstandingtheneedsandmultiple

experiencesoftheallergicpopulationinthedevelopingworldandthesocietalcontextinwhichFA

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iscontested.Italsohighlightstheneedforbothpublichealthpolicyandresearchinitiativesto

addresstheseconcerns.

Keywords:FoodAllergy,SocialExclusion,Qualitative,Ghana

NumberoflifetimesexualpartnersamongwomenandmeninGhana:Ananalysisofthe

2014GhanaDemographicandHealthSurvey

JemimaN.Baada1;YujiSano2;RogerAntabe11DepartmentofGeography,WesternUniversity

2DepartmentofSociology,WesternUniversity

Abstract

Althoughresearchhaspaidattentiontoriskysexualbehaviours,onlyfewstudieshavedocumented

numberoflifetimesexualpartnersinsub-SaharanAfricaincludingGhana.Drawingdatafromthe

2014GhanaDemographicandHealthSurveyandutilizingPoissonlogisticregressiontechnique,we

exploredfactorsassociatedwithnumberoflifetimesexualpartnersinGhana.Findingsindicatethat

complexsetsofbehavioural,demographic,andsocioculturalfactorswerecorrelatedwithnumber

oflifetimesexualpartners.Forexample,womenandmenwithHIVtransmissionmythshadhigher

riskofhavingmoresexualpartnersthanthosewithoutsuchmyths.Moreover,comparedtotheir

Akancounterparts,womenandmenfromNorthernethnicgroupshadlowerriskofhavingmore

sexualpartners.Womenfromtraditionalreligionandmenwithnoreligionalsohadhigherriskof

havingmoresexualpartnersthantheirChristiancounterparts.Forsocioeconomicfactors,richer,

moreeducated,andemployedhadhigherriskofhavingmoresexualpartnersthantheirpoorer,

lesseducated,andunemployedcounterparts.Basedonthesefindings,thereisanurgentneedfor

policymakerstotargetpopulationsatriskinfurtherreducingvulnerabilitiesassociatedwithhaving

morelifetimesexualpartners.

VENTURINGTOTHE‘DARKSIDE’OFPLANNINGTHEORY:

ACRITICALEXAMINATIONOFPLANNINGFORACCESSIBILITY

SamanthaBiglieri,M.Pl.

PhDStudent,SchoolofPlanning,UniversityofWaterloo

Contact:samantha.biglieri@uwaterloo.ca

Abstract

Recentresearchhascalledforanacknowledgementofpowerinplanningpractice,inreactiontothe

dominantcommunicativetheoryparadigm-thenotionthatwiththerightconditions,Habermas’

apolitical‘IdealSpeechSituation’cantakeplaceandallvoicescanbeheardintheplanningprocess

(Flyvberg&Richardson,2002).Oneareaofplanningpracticethatisnottypicallyaffordedmuch

spacewithinplanningschoolsortheoreticaldevelopmentisthatofplanningforaccessibility

(Lewis,2011).Inanefforttoacknowledgepowerinplanningforaccessibility,thispaperusesthe

Foucauldianconceptsofdisciplinarypower,governmentalityandthegreatconfinementto:(1)

Criticallyassesstheunderlyingassumptionsinhowweplanforpeoplewithdisabilitiesinour

cities;(2)Brieflyseektounderstandwhypeoplewithdisabilitiesareexcludedfrompublicspaces;

and(3)Applytheseconceptstoanexistinginstitutiondesignedtoincludethevoicesofdisabled

personswithinlocaldecisionmakinginOntario,knownasMunicipalAccessibilityAdvisory

Committees(MAACs).WhileMAACscouldbeconsideredanoverallsuccesswhenviewedthrougha

communicativetheorylens,whenviewedthroughaFoucauldiananalysisofpowerrelations,itwas

possibletoproblematizeandthereforeidentifyissuestobeaddressed.Thispaperhasidentified

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severalthemeswhereconsiderationsofpowerneedtobeexaminedinfutureresearchandpolicy

development,including:limitedinfluenceofthecommittee,assumptionsaboutparticipants’

knowledgeandtime,limitationto‘accepted’topics,assumptionoftheuniversalexperienceofall

disabledpersonsanddisregardingofthedevelopmentapplicationprocess.

Keywords

GeographyofDisability,FoucauldianAnalysis,Accessibility,PlanningPracticeandTheory

References

Flyvbjerg,B.,&Richardson,T.(2002).PlanningandFoucault:insearchofthedarksideofplanning

theory.Planning

Futures:NewDirectionsforPlanningTheory,LondonandNewYork:Routledge,44-62.

Lewis,J.L.(2011).Studentattitudestowardimpairment:Anassessmentofpassiveandactive

learningmethodsinurban

planningeducation.TeachinginhigherEducation,16(2),237-249.

Title:Psychosocialimpactsofthelackofaccesstowaterandsanitationinlow-andmiddle-

incomecountries:Ascopingreview

ShortTitle:Ascopingreviewofpsychosocialimpactsofwaterandsanitation

Authors:BisungElijah1&SusanJ.Elliott2

AuthorsAffiliation:1,2DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,Universityof

Waterloo,Waterloo,ON,Canada

Abstract:Thelackofaccesstosafewaterandadequatesanitationhasimplicationsforthe

psychosocialwellbeingofindividualsandhouseholds.Toreviewtheliteratureonpsychosocial

impacts,wecompletedascopingreviewofthepublishedliteratureusingMedline,Embase,and

Scopus.Thirteen(15)studiesmettheinclusioncriteriaandwerereviewedindetail.Oftheincluded

studies,6wereconductedinIndia,1inNepal,1inMexico,1inBolivia,2inEthiopia,1in

Zimbabwe,1inSouthAfrica,and2inKenya.Fourinterrelatedgroupsofstressorsemergedfrom

thereview;physicalstressors,financialstressors,socialstressors,andstressorsrelatedto

(perceived)inequities.Further,genderdifferenceswereobserved,withwomencarryinga

disproportionatepsychosocialburden.Wearguethatfailuretoincorporatepsychosocialstressors

whenestimatingtheburdenorbenefitsofsafewaterandsanitationmaymaskanimportantdriver

ofhealthandwellbeingformanyhouseholdsinlow-andmiddle-incomecountries.Wepropose

furtherresearchonwater-relatedstressorswithparticularattentiontouniqueculturalnorms

aroundwaterandsanitation,shortandlongtermpsychosocialoutcomes,andindividualand

collectivecopingstrategies.Thesemayhelppractitionersbetterunderstandcumulativeimpacts–

andmechanisms–foraddressingwaterandsanitationchallenges.

Keywords:WaterandSanitation;Psychosocialimpacts;Health;Scopingreview

NeoliberalEducationPolicy,Teachers’ProfessionalAutonomyandUnionStrugglesin

Ontario

ByPaulBocking,PhDCandidate

DepartmentofGeography,YorkUniversity

Keywords:neoliberalism,education,scale,unions

Iarguethatthenatureofteachers’workisexperiencingatransformationacrossNorthAmerica.I

willbeconsideringfivedevelopmentsinneoliberalpolicyandgovernancethatarechallengingthe

50

professionalautonomyofK-12teachers,andtheresponsesofeducatorsinthecontextofToronto

andOntario.IwillbelookingatcentralizationandscalarshiftsinauthoritybetweentheMinistryof

EducationandtheTorontoDistrictSchoolBoard,andhowthesechangeshaveaffectedworkplace

powerrelationsbetweenadministratorsandteachers.Iwillthenassessteacherperspectiveson

theextenttowhichstandardizedtestingcreatespressureto‘teachtothetest’,andtheimpactof

specialtymagnetprogramsinacontextofdecliningstudentenrollmentandfiscalausterity.Finally,

Ilookathowtheprovincialcentralizationofcollectivebargaininghasupsetunionstrategieswhile

managementhasbecomeincreasinglyantagonisticandunified.

TITLE:Collectiveinfrastructurewithoutananchor:thecaseofSt.Catharines=IDMindustry

JeffBoggs&StephanieMurray

DepartmentofGeography,BrockUniversity,St.Catharines,Ontario,Canada.

jeff.boggs@brocku.ca

ABSTRACT:Thiscasestudyexaminestheefficacyofeconomicdevelopmentpoliciesincreatingan

interactivedigitalmedia(IDM)hubinSt.Catharines,Ontario.AssembledfromLinkedInrecords,

bankruptcyrecords,newspaperaccounts,expertinterviewsandarchivalsources,thiscasestudy

contraststhebankruptcyofSiliconKnightsavideogamedeveloperchampionedasthecity'sIDM

anchorwithclaimsthatthesepoliciesfailed.Forinstance,existingLinkedIndataindicatesthat

mostofthecirca150employeesidentifiedwithshippingSiliconKnights'finalgamehavesinceleft

St.CatharinesforIDMemploymentelsewhereinOntario.Whilethislossofemployedtalentisa

pooroutcomefromalocaleconomicdevelopmentperspective,itbodeswellforOntario'sIDM

industry.Furthermore,duringitsnearlytwodecadesofoperation,SiliconKnightsprovideda

catalystforthecreationofpubliclyfundedIDMrelevantcollectiveinfrastructure.Theseincludedan

incubatorspecializedinprovidingIDMservicesthroughoutOntarioandavideogamestraining

programatalocalcollegeanduniversity.Aftertheanchor'sbankruptcy,aperformingartscenter

andanartsannexofthelocaluniversitywerecompleted.Whileitremainstobeseenifthis

collectiveinfrastructurecanfosterSt.Catharines'IDMeconomygiventheanchor'sbankruptcy,

theseinvestmentswilllikelyfeedtalentintoOntario'slargerIDMeconomy.Thesefindingssuggest

moregenerallythatevaluatingtheefficacyofindustryspecificandlocaleconomicdevelopment

policiesshouldteaseoutthetemporalandgeographicalscalesatwhichapolicy'sbenefitsshould

accruebeforeevaluatingthepolicy'sefficacy.

KEYWORDS:anchorfirms;industrialpolicy;videogames;localeconomicdevelopment

Debatedagronomy:PublicdiscourseandthefutureofbiotechnologypolicyinGhana

JosephA.Braimah,KilianN.Atuoye,SieraVercillo*,CarrieWarring,IsaacLuginaah

*Presenter:SieraVercillo,DoctoralCandidate,EnvironmentalHealthandHazardsLab,Department

ofGeography,UniversityofWesternOntario

Abstract

Thispaperexaminesthehighlycontestedandongoingbiotechnology(Bt)policy-makingprocessin

Ghana.Weanalyzemediacontentusingpublicpolicymakingtheorytoexplainhowbiotechnology

isperceivedwithinthecontextofGhana’sparliamentarydebateaboutthePlantBreedersBill.This

51

paperdoesnotseektotakeapositiononBtortheBill,buttoexplainhowvariouspolicyactors

influenceparliamentarydebatebyusingpoliticalandscientificrhetoricinGhana.Thestudyreveals

thatinthemidstofscientificuncertaintiesofBt’spotentialforsustainableagricultureproduction

andfoodsecurity,policydecisionsthatencourageitsfutureadoptionareheavilyinfluencedby

health,scientific,economic,environmental,andpoliticalfactorsdictatedbydifferentideologies,

valuesandnorms.WhilelocallypioneeredplantbreedingexistsintheGhanaianfoodchain,seeds

fromforeign,multinationalcorporationsarestronglyresistedbyanti-GMOcoalitions.

UnderstandingthecomplexandmessynatureofBtpolicymakingiscriticalforunderstandingthe

futureroleoftechnologyintheagriculturesectorinGhanaandacrosssub-SaharanAfrica.

Keywords:Biotechnology,geneticallymodifiedorganisms,publicpolicy,contentanalysis,

agriculture,Ghana

Thecommunity-basedhealthplanningandservicesandfacility-baseddeliveriesinthe

UpperWestRegionofGhana.

JosephA.Braimah1*,IsaacLuginaah1

1DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofWesternOntario,1151RichmondStreet,London,ON,

Canada,N6A5C2.

Abstract

Althoughfacility-baseddeliverieshavebeenwidelyrecommendedforthepreventionofboth

maternalandchildmortalitiesbytheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO),women’sautonomyin

decidingtoutilisethesefacilitiesremainlowintheUpperWestRegion(UWR)ofGhana.Aspartofa

largerstudy,thispaperexaminestheroleofthecommunity-basedhealthplanningandservices

(CHPS)initiativeinpromotingwomen’sdecisionmakingautonomyinseekingfacility-based

deliveriesintheregion.ThestudydrawsfromfeministtheoryaswellasAndersenandDavidson

behaviouralmodelofhealthserviceutilisationtoexplorehowhealthinterventionpoliciesintersect

withsocial,culturalandeconomicfactorstoinfluencewomen’shealthcareaccess.Datadrawn

fromacrosssectionalsurvey(n=904)amongwomenwithabirthparityinthelastfiveyearswas

analysedusinglogisticregressiontechniques.Thefindingsshowthatwomeninurbannon-CHPS

(OR=2.771,p<0.01),urbanCHPS(OR=3.430,p<0.001)andruralCHPSzones(OR=1.846,p<0.01)weremorelikelytobeautonomousindecidingtodeliveratahealthfacilitycomparedtotheirrural

non-CHPScounterparts.Also,women’slevelofeducation,religionandmaritalstatusstrongly

predictedtheirdecisionmakingautonomytodeliveratthehealthfacility.WearguethattheCHPS

policyhassignificantlyenhancedwomen’sautonomytoseekfacilitybaseddeliveriesintheUWRof

Ghana.Thestudyconcludesbymakingsomerelevantpolicyrecommendationsincludingexpanding

theCHPSpolicyintheregion.

Keywords:Community-basedhealthplanningandservices,facility-baseddelivery,autonomy

ProductioninAlternativeAgriculture:Understandinglabouroncertifiedorganicfarmsin

Ontario,Canada

LucasBramberger(lbramber@uoguelph.ca),Dr.EvanFraser(frasere@uoguelph.ca)

UniversityofGuelph

*presenter

52

Keywords:Alternativeagriculture-Labour-Certifiedorganic-SeasonalAgriculturalWorkerProgram

Thisresearchaimstocalculatetheamountoflabourthroughcertifiedorganicagricultureinan

attempttoprovidevaluestoclaimsofmorelabourrequiredthroughalternativeagriculture

(Woodhouse,2010).Currentdatacomparestime,areaandyieldsrequiredtomeetthedietary

requirementsofthecityofGuelphintheproductionoftenderleafygreensonthreedifferentfarms

inOntariooperatingthroughintern/volunteerlabour,paidlabourandmigrantlabour.Further

reasoningisbasedinchallengingclaimsthatmigrantlabourisfivetimesthatofaregularworker

(Braun,2016).

Althoughnotfivetimesthelevelofproduction,calculationsfoundmigrantlabourproducesmost

servingsovertime.Usingthesecalculationswithexistingcensusdata,itwasfoundthatOntario-

basedlabourincertifiedorganicagriculturecouldnotmeetdailydemandsofvegetable

requirementsbutallagriculturallabour,evendowntotheWellingtonregioncould,intheory.These

findingsmaysuggestinquiryintobettercareandpolicythroughtheSeasonalAgriculturalWorker

Program.Fullseasonandfarm-wideproductionvaluesaretobecalculatednextaspartofthis

research.

WorksCited

Braun,W.(2016).Theluckystruggle.CanadianMennonite,20(14).Woodhouse,P.(2010).Beyondindustrialagriculture?Somequestionsaboutfarmsize,productivity

andsustainability.JournalofAgrarianChange,10(3),437–453.http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0366.2010.00278.x

Quantifyingtopographyatthelandscapelevelforlargereclamationprojects

CollinBrantonandDerekT.Robinson(GeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,Universityof

Waterloo)

Theimportanceoftopographicfluctuationsonunderstandingnaturalphenomenaisthecentral

tenetoftheacademicfieldsofdigitalterrainanalysisandgeomorphometry.Wetlandecosystems

areanexcellentexampleofanaturalsystemthatreliesonthesurroundingtopographyand

surroundingvegetation.Wetlandshavebeenidentifiedbynaturalresourcemanagersandpolicy

makersasimportantecosystemsthatshouldbeprotectedandrestored1)duetothelargenumber

ofecosystemservicestheyprovideand2)becausetheyarestillexperiencingannuallossintotal

globalarea.Previousresearchonwetlandrestorationfocussedontheindividualwetlandbeing

restoredwithlittleattentiontointegratingthewetlandthebroaderlandscape.However,wetland

restorationprojectsneedtobefocussedonnotjusttheindividualsitesbutalsointegratinga

restoredwetlandbackintothesurroundingecologicallandscapeandreconnectingittothe

hydrologicnetwork.Restorationhasthegoalofreturningdegradedlandbacktoastableecosystem

thatisfunctionallysimilartothenaturalecosystemthatexistedbeforethedisturbanceoccurred,

whichisfundamentallydifferentfromreclamation,whichhasthegoalofimprovingdegradedland

tofacilitatefuturelanduse.Thepresentedresearchseekstoimproveourabilitytoreclaim

palustrinewetlandlandscapesbyquantifyingtopographiccharacteristicsacrossthelandscape

withinwhichthereclamationprojectissituated.Preliminaryresultsofthisresearchwillbe

presentedthatquantifytopographyacrossdifferentnaturalregionsalongagradientofdisturbance

inasampleof1km2landscapesinAlberta,Canada.

53

Keywords:TerrainAnalysis,Wetlands,Restoration,Landscape-scale

MeasuringtheEconomicImpactsofProtectedAreasonNearbyCommunities

CatharineBrazeau1

1DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalScience,WilfridLaurierUniversity,Waterloo,OntarioN2L3C5*PresentingAuthor:braz4290@mylaurier.ca

Keywords:conservation;governmentaccountability;sustainableeconomicdevelopment;regional

integration

OvertenpercentofCanadaispresentlyrecognizedasprotected,andthispercentageisexpectedto

growinupcomingyears.Despitethis,littleisknownabouttheeconomicimpactsCanadian

protectedareas(PAs)haveoncommunitiesneartheirboundaries.Thisknowledgegaprelatesin

parttothelimitedattentiondevotedtoinstrumentsforconductingcommunityconsultationsand

economicimpactassessmentspresentlyavailabletoPAmanagers.Theresearchpresentedinthis

paperexaminestheuseofmapsastoolsforPAmanagerstosimultaneouslyassesstheirimpacts

andreceivefeedbackfromtheirnearbystakeholders.27individualsfrommunicipalitiesbordering

RidingMountainNationalParkinSouthwesternManitobausedmapstoidentifyfeaturesthey

perceivedtoeconomicallyimpacttheirareaandwellbeing.Maps,incombinationwithsurveysand

interviews,allowedmostparticipantstogivedetailed,location-specificinformation.Withtheuse

ofmaps,participants’concernsandobservationswereimmediatelyrelatedtotheirgeographic

contexts.Thisdemonstratedthepotentialmappingholdsasadatacollectionmethod,bothinterms

ofeffectivenessandofcreatinghigherlevelsofunderstandingamongdataanalysts.Assuch,this

papercallsformapstobegivenfurtherconsiderationasstandardizedtoolswithwhichprotected

areaagenciesconductcommunityconsultations.

UsingKnowledgeExchangeStrategiestoEnhanceResearchImpact:LessonsLearnedfrom

theCOMPASSStudy

KristinM.Brown1;SusanJ.Elliott2;ScottT.Leatherdale1

1SchoolofPublicHealthandHealthSystems,UniversityofWaterloo2DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo

Knowledgeexchangestrategies,inwhichresearchersinteractwithendusers,provideonewayto

narrowthegapbetweenresearchandpractice.However,littleattentionhasbeenpaidto

evaluatingtheseinitiatives.COMPASSisalongitudinalstudyonstudenthealthbehavioursin

OntarioandAlbertasecondaryschools,whichincludesintegratedknowledgeexchangestrategies.

SchoolsreceiveacustomizedsummaryofresultsannuallyandarelinkedwithaCOMPASS

researcher(i.e.,knowledgebroker)tosupporttheminmakingchangestoimprovestudenthealth.

Knowledgebrokeringprovidesanopportunityforresearcherstounderstandwhatishappening

"ontheground"andforschoolstolearnaboutevidence-basedpractices.

ThisresearchexploredCOMPASSresearchers'perspectivesregardingtheroleandcharacteristics

ofeffectiveknowledgebrokers,outcomesofknowledgebrokering,andlessonslearned.Semi-

54

structuredinterviewswithCOMPASSresearchers(n=13)wereaudiorecorded(withpermission)

andtranscribedverbatimforsubsequentthematicanalysisusingNVivo.

TheroleofCOMPASSknowledgebrokersincludedsuggestingideasforschoolhealthinterventions,

connectingschoolstocommunityagencies,providingresourcesandopportunities,andenhancing

understandingofstudyfindings.Researchersemphasizedtheimportanceoftransferableskills(e.g.,

effectivecommunication),personalitytraits(e.g.,approachabilityandpatience),subjectknowledge,

andresearchskillsforeffectivepractice.Knowledgebrokeringhadpositiveimpactsonthe

Compassstudy,individualresearchers,andschools.Thispresentationwillhelpresearchers

understandhowtheycanuseknowledgeexchangestrategiestoincreaseresearchimpactby

applyinglessonslearnedfromtheCOMPASSstudy.

Keywords:knowledgetranslation,researchimpact,schoolhealth,qualitativemethods

HeadphonesandUrbanSpace:BuildingSoundscapesofResistance

Brown,S.andDean,J.(SchoolofPlanning,UniversityofWaterloo)

Formanyurbanpedestrians,headphonesareatoolfortransformation,usingmobileaudio

to remake the repetitious nature of daily routines and patterns of travel. Beyond the obvious

enjoymentofpersonalmusicthatthisbehaviourallows,thispaperconceptualizesheadphonesasa

safetymeasureforincreasingwomen’ssenseofsecurityincities.Inthispresentation,anewareaof

theoreticaldiscourseispresentedonheadphonesasaspaceofresistanceinunsafeenvironments.

This area of inquiry is inspired by the work of feminist writer and activist, bell hooks, who

demonstratesthepowerofwomentotransformtheirenvironmentthroughactionandperception

inordertoresistoppressionanddiscrimination.Alongwiththeworkonurbanheadphoneuseby

MichaelBull,thispresentationconsidersheadphonesatoolforresistanceforwomenwhosonically

close themselves off to create a protective barrier to unwanted attention and communication in

urban environments. While headphones have in part been viewed as destructive to public

experiencesofspaceandtooverallsocialcohesiveness,thisalternativereadingsuggeststhatthey

canalsobeanempoweringsiteofresistanceforsome.Adiscussiononurbanspacesofexclusion

and resistance for women is followed by areas for future research in the study of women’s

headphoneuseincities.

Keywords:urbansoundscapes,mobileaudio,women’surbansafety,inclusivecities

TheRoleofVascularPlantsinN2OEmissionsfromRestoredPeatlands

MartinE.Brummell(1),CristinaLazcano(2),MariaStrack(1)

(1)UniversityofWaterloo,Waterloo,ON

(2)CaliforniaPolytechnicStateUniversity,SanLuisObispo,CA

Keywords:RestorationEcology,Peatlands,NitrousOxide

Restorationofextractedhorticulturalpeatlandscommonlyincludesdistributionofvegetationand

propagulesfromnearbyundisturbedsitesovertherecently-exposedsurface.Theresultinggrowth

55

includesbothmossesandvascularplants,whichareimportantcontributorstoreturningapeatland

toanetcarbon-storingecosystem.TheroleofN2Ohasnotbeenwidelyinvestigatedinthese

restoredecosystems.HereweexaminetheeffectonnetN2Oemissionsfromgroundtoatmosphere

ofvascularplantsrelativetonon-vascularcoverusingcottongrass,Eriophorumvaginatumatapeatlandrestoredinlate2012andanadjacentunrestoredpeatland.Wehypothesizethatbelow-

groundmicrobialactivitywouldbestimulatedbytherootsofE.vaginatumleadingtoincreasedN2Oemissionscomparedtoareaswithonlymossorbarepeat.However,afteranearly-summer

pulseofemittedN2O,studyplotscontainingE.vaginatumtransitionedtonetconsumersofN2Owhilebareplotsremainedsourcesasthesummerprogressed.Furthermore,E.vaginatumgrowinginthewettestpartsofthestudysitesalsohadsignificantlymoreextractablenitrogeninporewater

collectedfrom75cmbelowthesurface,beyondthedepthofmostroots.Wesuggestthepriming

effectdrivenbytherootsofthisvascularplant,combinedwithhighwaterlevels,freessome

nitrogenfrompreviously-inaccessiblerecalcitrantorganicmatterthatthenescapesfurther

microbialdecompositiontoN2Ooritsinorganicprecursorsandmigratesdowntoregionswith

limitedmicrobialactivity.

“RaisingSocialCapitalforGreenInfrastructure:TheRoleofCivilSocietyinGreenspace

ProtectionintheTorontoRegion”

ByWendyBurton

PhDGraduand(degreetobeconferredNov.7,2016)

UniversityofToronto

Civilsociety’spotentialasaforceforsocialinnovationhasprovokedpracticalandtheoretical

interest,withitspotentiallargelyreliantontheperceptionthatitisareadyifvariablesourceof

socialcapitalresources.However,therearenoguaranteesthatcivilsocietywilluseitssocialcapital

forthecommongood.Civilsocietyencompassesarangeofgroups,somemoreinward-looking,

othersmoreoutward-looking,withthemoreinward-lookinggroupsorientedtorent-seekingand

unlikelytohelpexpandpublicgoodslikegreeninfrastructure.Thisdivergentcharacterofcivil

societywasevidentinthethreecampaignsforgreenspaceprotectionthateventuallyledtothe

creationoftheTorontoregionGreenbelt,wherecivilsocietygroupsfrombothgrowthand

conservationcampscontendedforinfluence,eachsucceedingatdifferenttimes.Butovertime(a

timewhenstateactorswereincreasinglyinneedofnon-statepartnerstohelpsolvecomplex

governanceproblems),coalitionsofenvironmentalcivilsocietygroupsinthethreecampaigns–to

protecttheNiagaraEscarpment,OakRidgesMoraineandsurroundingcountryside–becamemore

effectiveatinfluencinggovernmenttoprotectgreenspace.Acomparisonofthecoalitionsusinga

frameworkbasedonkeyattributesofcivilsocietygroups–inclusivenessandpublicvs.private

interestorientation–suggeststhattheenvironmentalcoalitionsweremoreeffectivewhenthey

recruitedmorememberswithadiversesetofresourcesarisingfrombothbondingandbridging

socialcapital.Ingeneral,themoreinclusiveandpublic-interestedthecivilsocietygroups,themore

sociallyinnovativetheresults.

Keywords:greenspaceprotection,civilsociety,socialcapital,environmentalgovernance

Migration,HealthandTemporaryForeignWorkers:ExaminingHealthandAccesstoHealth

CareamongFilipinaLive-inCaregiversintheGreaterTorontoArea,Ontario,Canada

JessicaCarlos1,KathiWilson1

1.DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofTorontoMississauga

56

Immigrantsaccountfor20percentofCanada’stotalpopulationwithapproximately250,000

individualsimmigratingtoCanadayearly(StatisticsCanada,2015).IndividualsmigratetoCanada

undervariouscategorieswiththemajorityofimmigrantsmigratingundertheeconomicclass.The

Live-inCaregiverProgram(LCP),enactedin1992,isoneofseveralprogramsundertheeconomic

classofimmigration.Despitetherebeingover80,000caregiverslivinginCanada,littletono

researchhasexaminedthehealthexperiencesofthissegmentoftheimmigrantpopulation(Kellyet

al.,2011).Inaddition,90percentoflive-incaregiversarewomenwhohavemigratedfromthe

Philippinesyetweknowlittleabouttheirmigrationandhealthexperiences.Toaddressthisgapin

theliterature,thisresearchexamineshowtheLCPaffectsthehealthofimmigrantFilipina

caregivers.Twenty-onein-depthinterviewswereconductedamongcurrentandformerFilipina

caregiversintheGreaterTorontoArea.Thepresentationwillfocusonperceivedimpactsofwork

conditionsassociatedwiththeLCPonhealthandaccesstohealthservices.Thefindings

demonstratedifferencesinperceivedimpactsonhealthandaccesstocarebetweenparticipants

caringforchildrenandthosecaringfortheelderly.Further,theresultsalsodemonstratehow

workingasalive-incaregivermostlyhasanegativeimpactonphysicalandmentalhealthaswellas

facilitatesandcreatesbarrierstoaccessinghealthcareservices.

Keywords:immigration,health,live-incaregivers,Filipina

Integratedcommunity-baseddisasterriskreductionapproachtofloodriskmanagement:a

goodpracticeprojectinAyutthaya,Thailand

Chakraborty,L.(DoctoralStudent,DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,

UniversityofWaterloo)

Amonghumangeographers,enhancingresilienceandreducingvulnerabilityaretwocommon

rationalesforlinkingclimatechangeadaptationanddisasterriskreduction.Recently,severalAsian

governmentshavesoughttogroundthisidealinpracticethroughan‘integratedcommunity-based

disasterriskreduction(ICBDRR)’approach.Basedonafundamentalprincipleof“bottom-up

governance”,theICBDRRapproachfacilitateseffectiveuseoflocalresourcesandcapacitiesto

betterpreparecommunitiesfordisasters,andtoreducetheirdisastervulnerability.Thispaper

investigatesthepotentialforlinkingclimatechangeadaptationanddisasterriskreductioninthe

contextoffloodriskmanagement,drawinglessonsfromintegratedcommunity-basedfloodrisk

reductioninAyutthaya,Thailand.ItdescribesthekeyinstrumentsofAyutthaya’sICBDRRapproach

forfloodriskreduction,includingacommunity-basedfloodearlywarningnetwork;thecreation

anddisseminationofcommunityfloodmapsandpreparednessmanuals;communicationof

knowledgeoffloodriskatthelocalleveltobuildcommunityawareness;collaborativegovernance;

andparticipatorymonitoringandevaluation.Thefindingsofthepapersuggestthattheintegration

ofclimatechangeadaptationanddisasterriskreductiontoagreaterextentinpracticeisnecessary

tosupportsustainabledevelopmentinAsia.

Keywords:climatechangeadaptation,disasterriskreduction,floodriskmanagement,resilience

CultureShockintheField:OvercomingFeelingsofIsolationinanUnfamiliarCultural

Environment

Author:CherylChan

Cultureshockisatheorythatdescribesthestagesofadaptingtoanunfamiliarcultural

environment.Societieshavenorms(i.e.,informalguidelines)thatdictatethebehaviourofits

members.Withincommunities,thesenormsinformsocial,cultural,andpoliticalinteractions.A

graduatestudentconductingresearchincommunitiesoutsideoftheirowncanbeunfamiliarwith

57

thecommunitydynamicsintheirnewsetting,andthusstruggletoadapttothesurrounding

culturalenvironment.Difficultiesadaptingandtheassociatedfeelingsofisolationandfrustration

arenormalsymptomsofcultureshock,buttheresearchermaynotanticipatethesefeelings.When

compoundedwiththeday-to-daychallengesoflivingandworkinginanewenvironment,the

researchercanbecomedisillusioned,emotionallyvulnerable,andunmotivated.Thesearethe

feelingsthatIexperiencedwhenIconductedmyfieldworkinBluefields,Jamaica,whereIstudied

thesocialandecologicalimpactsofanewlyimplementedmarineprotectedareaonsurrounding

communities.ThispaperwillsharetheunexpectedchallengesandassociatedfeelingsthatI

encounteredwhileinthefield,andexaminethestrategiesthatIusedtocopewithandadaptto

thesechallenges.

SmallTownsinTransition:AnExploratoryStudyinCollingwood,Ontario

Authors:ShaChangandSanjayK.Nepal,DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmental

Management,UniversityofWaterloo

Keywords:smalltowns,economicandsocialtransitions,amenitymigration,Collingwood,Ontario

Abstract

Amenity-richtownsinOntarioareexperiencingsocialandeconomictransitions,dueinpartto

globalshiftsinproductionandconsumptionpatterns.Theeconomicandsocialtransitionsexert

dramaticinfluencesonlocalcommunities’qualityoflife,socialnetworks,economicdependency,

andotheraspectsofsmalltownliving.Manysmalltownswhichhaveseendramaticdeclineintheir

traditionaleconomicbases(e.g.,agriculture,fishing,forestry,mining,manufacturing,etc.)have

consideredtransitioningtoaservice-orientedeconomy(Mitchell&Randle,2014;Nepal&Jamal,

2011).

ThisstudyexamineshowCollingwoodinOntarioisexperiencingeconomicandsocialtransitionsas

itseconomyshiftsfromitstraditionalbasedependentonconstruction(shipbuilding)and

transportationtoonethatisgraduallyorientedtowardrecreation,tourismandotherservices

(health,retirementresidences,publicsectoremployment).Weemployacasestudymethodologyto

understandchangingeconomicandsocialdynamicspresentinCollingwood,andanalyzeif

economicandsocialtransitionsareinterlinked.Thecontentofthispresentationwillincludean

integrationofthemesincludingsmalltownchange,amenitymigrantsandsecondhomerelated

influences,andcommodificationofnaturalandculturalheritage.Applyingquantitativeand

qualitativemethods,andbasedontwomonthsoffieldworkconductedbetweenJulyandAugust,

2016bythefirst-namedauthor,preliminaryresultsofthestudywillbepresentedtoexplorethe

maintrendsandpatternsfoundinCollingwood.

References

Mitchell,C.J.A.,&Randle,K.(2014).Heritagepreservationandthe“differentiatedcountryside”:

EvidencefromsouthernOntario.TheCanadianGeographer/LeGéographeCanadien,58(4),429-442.doi:10.1111/cag.12131

Nepal,S.K.,&Jamal,T.B.(2011).Resort-inducedchangesinsmallmountaincommunitiesinBritish

Columbia,Canada.MountainResearchandDevelopment,31(2),89-101.doi:10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-10-00095.1

ChangeDetectionfromLandsat:2004IndonesianTsunami

MarissaI.ChaseandTarmoK.Remmel

58

N430RossBuilding,DepartmentofGeography,YorkUniversity,4700KeeleStreet,Toronto,

Ontario,M3J1P3

Abstract

Studyingtheeffectsofanaturaldisastercanposechallengesifaccesstopotentiallydangerous

locationsisrequired.Availabilityofsatelliteimageryfromavarietyofperiodsandthatrecorda

breadthofspectraldatahavethepotentialtoaidtheremotedetectionofchangescausedby

extremeeventswhilemitigatingrisksinvolvedwithvisitingimpactedsites.Remotestudycan

improvethedeliveryofaidandquantifythechangestoaffectedlandscapes.Weundertookusing

Landsat5imagestoassesslandscapechangesresultingfromthe2004tsunamiintheAceh

provinceofIndonesia.UnsupervisedclassificationsofbothimageswerecompletedusingISODATA

analysistoassignpixelsintospectralsimilaritycategoriesandthenaggregatedintooneofeight

landcoverclasses.Apost-classificationchangedetectionwasperformedtoanalyzechanges

betweenthetwoimagesthatprovidedcross-tabulationoflandcoverchangesandpersistence

between21December2004and27March2005.Differenceswerefoundintheurbanandbare

groundclassesbetweenthetwodates,withadecreaseintheurbanclassfrom496km2tolessthan

240km2,andanincreaseinbaregroundfrom501km2to628km2.Therewerealsochangesto

vegetatedlandcover,with4%ofhealthyvegetationand9%ofsparsevegetationconvertedtobare

ground.Thesechangesweremappedtoproduceaspatialrepresentationoflandcoverchange.

Whilethisinitialinvestigationidentifiesregionsoflandcoverchangeandpersistence;resultsare

indicatorsonlygiventhelackofgroundvalidation.

Keywords

Tsunami,ChangeDetection,RemoteSensing,LandCover

The(re)productionofnatureonnaturalresourcebasedrealitytelevision

By:KendalClark,JenniferJ.Silver,andRobertaHawkins(DepartmentofGeography,Universityof

Guelph,Canada)

kendal@uoguelph.ca

Thetelevisionisapowerfulmediumthroughwhichmessagesfocusedonnatureandthe

environmentareproducedandconsumed.Inthelasttenyears,seriesfocusedonprimarysector

activitiessuchasfishing(e.g.,DeadliestCatch),mining(e.g.,YukonGold),andforestry(e.g.,

AmericanLoggers)havebeenratingshitsfortelevisionnetworksDiscoveryandTheNational

GeographicChannel.Understandingwhatimagesandmessagesaboutnaturetheseseriesconvey,andhowandwhytheydosoispressing.Sotooisbuildingappreciationforwhateffectsthe(re)productionofnaturethroughrealitytelevisionmayhaveovertime.

Thispaperexaminesnaturalresourcebasedrealitytelevisionasanewiterationinthe

(re)productionofnatureontelevisionandcriticallyanalyzeshowthisgenremediateshuman-

environmentrelations.Asampleof100episodesacrossatotalof15differentseriesthatairedon

DiscoveryChannel,orTheNationalGeographicChannelbetween2005-2016werecritically

analyzed.Incombinationwithdatacollectedthroughtheexecutionoftwofocusgroups,this

discourseanalysisrevealsthatmasculinities,nationalism,andthecommodificationofnatureare

prominentthemesthatintersecttomediatehuman-environmentrelations.Thisresearchhighlights

theneedformorecriticalanalysisoftheeffectsthattheproliferationofnatureresourcedbased

realitytelevisionhasonpublicnarrativessurroundinghuman-environmentrelations.

Keywords:Human-environment;MediaGeographies;Television;Gender

59

ConsultantsandConvergenceofEconomicDevelopmentPolicyinOntario,Canada

EvanCleave,DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofWesternOntario

MerlinChetwood,DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofWesternOntario

GodwinArku,DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofWesternOntario

Overthepasttwodecades,localgovernmentshaveincreasinglyoutsourcingpolicyadvisoryand

developmenttoprivate-sectorconsultants.Thecommonrefrainfortheuseofconsultantsisthat

theyfillgapsintheknowledge,skill,andcapacitymissingwithinlocalgovernments.Theuseof

consultants,however,hasbeencriticizedpromotingpolicyhomogenizationandpromotingfast

policysolutions.Thiscriticismisparticularlyrelevantinlocaleconomicdevelopmentpolicymaking,

whereunique,place-basedsolutionsrequirein-depthlocalknowledgeareneeded.Tounderstand

theroleofconsultantsineconomicdevelopment,thisstudycriticallyexaminedthedesignand

contentoftheprimaryeconomicdevelopmentpolicydocumentsfor41citiesintheProvinceof

Ontario(tencitiescurrentlydonothaveapolicydocument).Thefindingsofthisstudyindicatethat

consultantsareheavilyused,astheywereinvolvedwiththedevelopmentoftwo-thirds(26/41)of

thepolicydocumentsexamined.Thereisanoligarchicpatternofconsultantuse,asahandfulof

consultantswereresponsibleforthe26documents.Fromaqualitativeperspective,thisledto

policydocumentsthatweresimilarinstyle,scope,andreusedspecificlanguage.Fromapolicy

perspective,thishasledtoaconvergenceofpolicyasthedocumentsrecommendcitiescontinually

usethesameapproaches.Localeconomicdevelopmentrequiresspecificplace-basedknowledgeto

tailorpolicycorrectly,andtheconstantuseofexternalconsultantsiscounter-productiveastheydo

notprovidepolicythatcandifferentiateonecityfromitscompetitors.

Keywords:Policy,Consultants,LocalEconomicDevelopment,Cities

Title:Energy,waterandcarbonfluxesfromaconstructedborealwetland

Authors:

Clark,M.Graham(Presenter),CarletonUniversity

Humphreys,Elyn,CarletonUniversity

Cary,Sean,McMasterUniversity

Abstract:

TheSandhillFenWatershedprojectisapilotstudyinvolvingtheconstructionofa50hamixed

upland(forested)andlowland(wetland)watershedontopofaninfilledopenpitmineinnorthern

Alberta.Theprojectisoneofthefirstlargescaleattemptsinconstructingaborealwetland.The

physicalconstructionwascompletedin2012withtheinitialre-vegetativeseedingandplanting

occurringinthesameyear.In2013pumpswereusedtosimulategroundwaterthrough-flowand

in2014and2015thepumpsweredisengagedtoallowthesystemtonaturally

respond.Throughoutthisperiodthevegetationhasdevelopedasubstantialcoveroverthe

60

reclaimedsoilandpeat.Aneddycovariancesystemwasusedtocalculatetheecosystemlevel

fluxesoverthethreeyearssincewetting.In2013therewasanetlossofcarbonfromthelowland

regionsbutby2014thecarbonbalancewasalmostneutralandin2015itwasanet

gain.Evapotranspirationfromtheecosystemalsoincreasedoverthesameperiod.However,

methaneproductioncontinuestobewellbelowwhatwouldbeexpectedforcontinuouslysaturated

organicsubstrates.PRSprobesandchambergasmeasurementsshowatrendofincreasing

methanefluxeswithincreasingmetalionfluxesanddecreasingfluxesofsulphateinthecontinually

submergedregions.Therefore,itislikelythatnaturallyoccurringhighlevelsofsulphatewithinthe

substratesaresuppressingthemethanefluxesinthisnovelboreallowlandecosystem.

Ethno-CulturalOrganizationsandLocalImmigrationPartnerships:AMatchMadeinHeaven?

ACaseStudyfromDurhamRegion,Ontario

BlairCullen.

(DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalStudies,WilfridLaurierUniversity)

Ethno-culturalorganizationsareafundamentalpartofthenewcomersettlementprocess.

Socially,culturally,economicallyandpolitically,theirrolehasbeenwelldocumented.Whatisless

knownaboutethno-culturalorganizationsistheirroleinlocalsettlementpolicy.Toacertain

extent,thisisunderstandable.Historically,Immigration,RefugeesandCitizenshipCanada(IRCC),

haslackedanytypeofformalsettlementpolicy,leavinghaphazardlocalframeworksandlittle

opportunitytoexploreethno-culturalorganization’splace.Introducedin2008,aspartofthe

Canada-OntarioImmigrationAgreement,LocalImmigrationPartnerships(LIPs)areIRCC’sfirstattemptatcoordinatedlocalsettlementpolicy,settinganewdirectionbyrestructuringlocal

settlementmodels.Objectivesweredesignedtoexamineethno-culturalorganizationsrelationship

withLIPs,inthecontextofDurhamRegion’sLIP,basedoninterviewswith52keyinformantsin

eightsectorsinvolvedinimmigrantsettlement.Resultsfromthecasestudyrevealedethno-cultural

organizationstohaveamongtheleastdevelopedrelationshipswithDurham’sLIP.Consideringthe

LIPsmandateofsettlement,thisseemslikeanoversight.However,acloserexaminationsuggests,

thismaysimplybetheoutcomeofaplace-basedpolicy,inapolicyareawherealong-standing

policy-vacuumhascreatedahighlylocalizedsettlementmodel.Withmuchoftheliterature

centeredonethno-culturalorganizationsasitrelatestospecificethniccommunitiesandprimarily

basedinfirst-tiercities,theresearchseekstoshifttheunitandplaceofanalysis,whilecontributing

toalimitedempiricalunderstandingofLIPsimpact.

Keywords:Place,Second-TierCities,Immigration,LocalSettlementPolicy

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Titleofpaper:GlobalMigrationandChronicInflammatoryDiseases:ExaminingHealth

LiteracyamongSouthAsianPopulations

Authors:

Dr.IvyDam

PostdoctoralFellow

DepartmentofGeography

UniversityofTorontoMississauga

T:+1(647)503-2706

ivy.dam@utoronto.ca

GurveerBains

DoctorofPhilosophyStudent

DepartmentofGeography

UniversityofTorontoMississauga

gurveer.bains@alum.utoronto.ca

62

Dr.KathiWilson

ProfessorandChair

DepartmentofGeography

UniversityofTorontoMississauga

T:+1(905)828-3864

F:+1(905)828-5273

kathi.wilson@utoronto.ca

Globalmigrationofhumanpopulationsisoccurringatanunprecedentedratethroughoutthe

world,yetwedonotfullyunderstandhowmigrationimpactshealthanddiseasedevelopment.In

particular,theeffectofhumanmigrationpatternsontheincidencesofchronicinflammatory

disease(CID)isnotwellappreciated.ResearchhasshownthatchildrenofSouthAsianmigrants

bornandlivinginCanadaandother‘Western’countrieshaveasignificant,yetunexplainedincrease

intheriskofdevelopingaCID,especiallytype1diabetes,multiplesclerosis,andinflammatory

boweldisease.WhiletheSouthAsiancommunityrepresentsasignificantandgrowingpopulation

intheGreaterTorontoArea(GTA),totalingapproximately700,000individuals,understandingsof

healthliteracy,healthbeliefs,health-seekingbehaviours,andhealthcareneedswithinthis

communityarestillnotwellunderstood.Thisresearchexamineshealthliteracyandaccessto

healthcareservicesamong1stand2ndgenerationSouthAsianCanadianslivingintheGTA,who

haveandhavenotbeenaffectedbyCIDs.In-depthinterviewswereconductedwith21individuals

whomigratedfromSouthAsiaand44individualsborninCanadatoaSouthAsian-bornparent.The

interviewsrevealthatmostparticipantsarenotfamiliarwithCIDs,intermsoftheirawarenessand

knowledgeofdefinitions,examplesofdiseases,andfamilyandfriendswhohavebeenaffectedby

CIDs.Themajorityperceivethatincreasedprevalencemayberelatedtochangeindiet,physical

environment,genetics,andstress.

Keywords:healthliteracy,SouthAsianCanadianimmigrants;chronicinflammatorydisease;

migration

Thetitleofthepaper:

Theimportanceofsoilpropertiesfortreeseedlinggrowthandsurvivalbeyondalpinetreelines

Thename(s)andaffiliation(s)oftheauthor(s):

EmmaL.Davis1,Dr.Ze’evGedalof1,Dr.HeatherHager2

1UniversityofGuelph,DepartmentofGeography

2UniversityofGuelph,DepartmentofIntegrativeBiology

A250-word(maximum)abstract:

63

Climatechangeiscausingsignificantchangestospeciesdistributionsworldwide.Plantsgrowingat

theedgesoftheirexistingrangelimitsareexpectedtobeparticularlysensitivetochangesin

temperatureandprecipitationregimes;however,theimportanceofnon-climaticfactorsas

constraintstorangeexpansionsisincreasinglybeingrecognized.Thisstudypresentstheresultsof

agrowthchamberandglasshouseexperimentthatassessedtheeffectsofsoilprovenanceontree

seedlinggermination,growth,andsurvival.SeedsofEngelmannspruce(Piceaengelmannii)andsubalpinefir(abieslasiocarpa)weresowninsoilcollectedacrossfourtreelineenvironmentsinwesternCanadaandgrowninagrowthchamberfor90days.Bycontrollingseedsourceand

climaticconditions,weareabletoattributedifferencesinseedlingperformancetosoilproperties

thatdifferacrosselevationzonesandindividualtreelinesites.Ourresultsindicatethatsoil

provenancecanactasaconstrainttotreeseedlinggerminationandheight;soilsoriginatingfrom

beyondthespecies’rangeweretheleastamenabletoseedlinggrowthoverall.Thefindingsofour

researchindicatethatpredictionsoffuturetreespecies’distributionsunderclimatechange

scenariosshouldincorporatenon-climaticfactorsthatmaylimittreerecruitmentbeyondcurrent

species’ranges.

Upto4keywords

Soil,trees,alpineenvironments

ExploringtheresilienceofhouseholdsintheAmazonestuary;anagentbasedsimulation.

PeterDeadman

DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement

UniversityofWaterloo

Waterloo,ON,N2L3G1

YueDou,

CenterforSystemsIntegrationandSustainability

MichiganStateUniversity

EastLansing,MI48823,USA

Abstract

Rural-UrbannetworksarebecomingincreasinglyimportantintheAmazonestuary.Rural

householdsinthisregionarefrequentlymulti-sited,maintainingadwellingbothatthefarmandin

anearbycity.Thesenetworksfacilitatethemovementofpeoplebackandforthbetweenthefarm

andthecityforthepurposesofeducation,movinggoodstomarket,participatingingovernment

financialprograms,orparticipatinginurbanoff-farmemployment.Non-farmincomehasbecome

animportantcomponentofhouseholdlivelihoodsinthisregion.However,migrationtourbanareas

canalsoresultinareducedlabourforceinagriculturalareas,withassociatedreductionsinfood

securityandtraditionalagriculturalknowledge.Thisstudyutilizesanagentbasedmodeltoexplore

theimpactofurbanoff-farmactivitiesontheresilienceofagriculturalcommunitiesinthefaceof

changingenvironmentalandeconomicconditions.Anagentbasedsimulation,parameterizedwith

datafromahouseholdsurveyconductedintheregion,isutilizedtoexploreanumberofscenarios

inwhichtheresilienceofruralagriculturalcommunitiesisevaluatedinthefaceofexternalshocks.

Thesehousehold’sactivities,bothonthefarmandinthecity,determinehowtheyrespondtothese

shocks.Thecontributionofurbanactivitiessuchaseducation,employment,andgovernmentcash

64

transferprogramstotheresponseandresilienceofthesemulti-sitedhouseholdsisexaminedand

discussed.

Thinkingrelationallyaboutbuiltenvironmentsandphysicalactivity:Astudyofadult

walkingbehaviorinWaterloo,Ontario

JenniferDean,PhD(SchoolofPlanning,UW);MichaelDrescher;JeffCasello;AnnaGarnett;and

TroyGlover

Therelationshipbetweenbuiltenvironmentsandphysicalactivitylevelshasconstitutedarapidly

emergingfieldofresearchinthepasttwodecades.Ofnoteistheconsistentfindingthat

neighbourhoodwalkabilityispositivelycorrelatedwithutilitarianandrecreationalphysical

activitypatterns.Indeed,academicsandpractitionersalikehaveemphasizedtheimperativeof

designingenvironmentsthatareconducivetoactivetransportation.However,muchoftheworkin

thisareahasapproachedtherelationshipbetweenbuiltformandphysicalactivityfroma

deterministicperspectivethatpredominantlyfocusesonobjectively-definedneighbourhood

characteristicsandsingulartime-spacepatterns.Usingamixed-methodscasestudydesign,this

researchexaminedtheactivitypatternsandexperiencesofwalkingamongadultsinWaterloo,

Ontario.Thefindingssuggestthatthedecisiontowalk,andthespecifictravelroutechosenare

influencedbybothobjectiveandsubjectiveneighbourhoodcharacteristics.Further,thesetravel

choicesaredependentonchangingtemporalandspatialconstraintsofparticipantsandchallenge

thedominantrationalchoiceexplanationdescribedintheliterature.Thispresentationconcludes

withtherecommendationthatfutureresearchandpolicyutilizearelationalperspectivewhen

consideringtherelationshipbetweenbuiltenvironmentsandphysicalactivity.Suchaperspective

willbettercapturethedynamicsbetweenpeopleandplace,andultimatelyguidepractitionerson

howtodesignbuiltenvironmentsthataccommodatetherealitiesofhumanactivityingeneraland

walkingbehaviorinparticular.

Keywords:builtenvironment;activetransportation;socialtheory;mixed-methods

“Rundownbythewolf:exploringtherelationshipbetweengenderandeconomicmarginalizationforCanadianswithSystemicLupusErythematosus(SLE)”JennaDixon*1,SusanJ.Elliott1&AnnE.Clarke2

1DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo

2CummingSchoolofMedicine,UniversityofCalgary

*Correspondingauthor:jenna.dixon@uwaterloo.ca

Thispapercontributestothenascentbutgrowingbodyofworkwithinhealthgeography

investigatingthesocial,andspecificallygendered,dimensionsofchronicdisease.Systemiclupus

erythematosus(SLE)isachronicautoimmunediseasewhichdisproportionatelyimpactsyoung

(15-40years),non-whitewomen.SLEhasnoknowncauseorcure,anddiagnosisisoftenadifficult

anddrawn-outprocess.Thereisawideexpressionoflong-termmorbiditywithSLEbutthedisease

usuallymanifestswithseverefatigue,debilitatingpainandperiodicflares,makingparticipationin

thepaidworkforceextremelychallenging.Weconductedsemistructuredin-depthinterviewswith

65

8Canadiankeyinformantsand28CanadianSLEpatients(26women)toimproveunderstandingof

thedirectandindirectcostsassociatedwithSLE.Thispresentationexplorestheeconomic

implicationsofthischronicdiseasethroughagenderedlens.Ourfindingsrevealtheearlyandyet

ambiguousmanifestationofthediseasesignificantlyreroutedthecourseofparticipants’economic

livelihoods,oftentopart-timeprecariousemploymentandinsomecasestoleavetheworkforceall

together.Theseeconomicandhealthimpactswerefurthercompoundedbyalackofhealthbenefits

andpoorprovincialhealthcoverageforpreventativecare,leadingtoadditionalout-of-pocket

expenses.Whilemanyparticipantsreflectedthattherewaslittletheiremployerscouldhavedone

tofurtheraccommodatetheirneeds,wearguethattherearestructuralchallengeswithinCanada

whicheconomicallymarginalizewomenwithSLEandimpactaccesstoresourcesforpromoting

healthylifestylesanddiseasemanagement.

Keywords:ChronicDisease,Gender,Marginalization,Economicinequity

ModellingUrbanSnowMeltinWaterloo,Ontario

PaulDonchenkoandRichardKelly

DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement

UniversityofWaterloo

Understandingtheprocessesofurbansnowmeltiscriticalforcitywaterresourcesplanning,

especiallywhenitcanberesponsibleforflooding(Buttle&Xu,1998)andtransportofpollutants

intowaterbodies(KimandKannan,2007).ThisresearchadaptstheUrbanSnowModel(USM)

developedbyHoandValeo(2004)tosimulatesnowmeltrunofffromvariousnatural

environmentalfactors,aswellashumaninteractionslikesnowredistribution.Themodelwas

adaptedfortheClaireCreekcatchmentinWaterlootopredicthourlyrunoffforafourdayperiodin

January2015.Initial,uncalibratedmodelrunsproducedlargeerrorscomparedwiththeobserved

runoff.Nash-Sutcliffeefficiencyandrootmeansquarederrormetricswereusedtooptimizethe

model,particularlythroughaphasescalingapproach.Theadjustedresultsshowedimprovements

butcouldnotpredicteventsoutsidethefirst80hoursofthestudyperiod;runofftimingcouldbe

predictedaccuratelybutpeakflowandtotaleventvolumehadsignificanterror.Themodel'ssnow

redistributionoperationswerefoundtohavethegreatestimpactonrunoffresultsandwere

necessarytoproducethesametemporalvariabilityfoundinobservedrunoff.Withoutfurtherre-

calibration,themodelisinfeasibleforsimulatingrunoffintheClaireCreekcatchment,whichis

verydifferentincharactercomparedwiththeoriginalstudysite.Futureworkshouldreducethe

catchmentsizeandinstalllocalinstrumentation.Furthermore,themodelshouldbesubjectedtoa

fullsensitivityanalysisandexploregeospatialtechniquestomodelwaterflowpathsandtimings

throughthecatchment.

Keywords:urban,snowmelt,modelling,hydrology

Thebeststrategytocopewithcroppriceshock—acasestudyusingagent-basedmodel

YueDou(Presenter),PeterDeadman,MartaBerbes,DerekRobinson,DawnParker-UniversityofWaterlooAbstract:Increasingrisksfromclimatechange,economicrecession,andpoliticalinsatiabilityfaced

bymanyoftheworld’smostpoorandvulnerablepopulations,haveledscientistsanddecision

makersinrecentyearstoinvestigatetheconceptof“resilience”thustoguidepolicymaking.

66

CaboclosaresmallfarminghouseholdsintheBrazilianAmazonestuaryregionwhohavebeen

facingtheincreasingextremeclimaticeventsinextentandfrequencyoverrecentdecades.These

climaticthreats,alongwithmarketoscillations,makeiturgentforscientiststoevaluatestrategies

toenhanceCaboclos’resiliencetodealwiththefuturerisks.Agent-basedmodeling(ABM)isa

widelyusedtooltoexplorethedynamicsofcoupledhuman-environmentsystems.Thisstudy

utilizesanagent-basedmodeltorepresentacommunityof21householdsinatheoretical

landscapewithuplandandfloodplain.Ashockthatrepresentsthesuddenpricedropofacash

commodityAcai(aberrythathasbeenlabeledas“energyfood”intheNorthAmerica)isfedtothe

model,andthreelivelihoodstrategiesaresimulatedtodemonstratethedifferentresponsestothe

shock.Wefollowthe“developmentresilience”concept,whichisthecapacitytoavoidpovertywhen

therearedifferentshocks,toframeouranalysisandtoevaluatethemostresilientstrategy.Our

resultscanbeusedtoguidesmallholdersinAmazondeltaandothersimilarregionstoadoptthe

mostresilientstrategiesforenvironmentalandmarketuncertainties

ProductionLogicofWell-Being:ConsideringtheNon-EconomicFactorsofAgritourism

ProductioninSouthernOntario

By:SusanDupej,WesternUniversity

Thepurposeofthispresentationistopresentresearchfindingsfromastudythatinvestigated

agritourismproductioninSouthernOntarioasaculturallyinformedprocessconcernedwithhome

andfamily,individualutility,self-worth,andwell-beingforthefarmer.Agritourismiswell-known

asaneconomicdiversificationstrategybutneedstobebetterunderstoodasaculturalpractice

involvingthesocialrelationsandeverydayinteractionsofindividual‘lifecontexts’.Idrawfromthe

experiencesofagritourismoperatorstoshowthereisalogictoagritourismproductionthatallows

farmerstoachieveasenseofwell-beingbyinvolvingfamilyandfriends,strengtheningspousal

relationships,andemotionallyconnectingtothework.Iarguethattheseareallformsofproduction

notnecessarilydrivenbyprofitbutbytheembodieddoingsofday-to-daytasksthatkeepthe

destinationrunninginthelongterm.

KeyWords:agritourism;tourism;non-economic;production

Title:QuantifyingandMappingSoilErosionintheGrandRiverWatershed

OmarDzinic,BenjaminMeinen,CarolineKayko,JackSu,andDerekT.Robinson

Keywords:SoilErosion,RUSLE,SPI,GrandRiver

Erosionisamajorenvironmentalproblemresponsibleformassiveeconomiclossesandpollutionof

watersourcesinthedevelopedworldanddevelopingnations.Theerodedsoilinagriculturally

dominatedlandscapesistypicallynutrientrichtopsoil,abundantinnitratesandphosphates,which

istransferredintonearbystreamsandcanleadtoeutrophicationinlocalandnationalwater

sources.Twoofthemostwidelyusedapproachesforestimatingandmodellingerosionarethe

reviseduniversalsoillossequation(RUSLE),whichisusedforestimatingsheeterosion,andthe

streampowerindex(SPI),whichisusedformodellinggullyerosion.Despitethewidespreaduseof

thesetoolstheyhaverarelybeencombinedtoidentifyareaspronetohigherosion.Thepresented

researchcombinesRUSLEforapplicationsinCanada(FAC)andtheSPItoquantifyandmapsoil

erosionintheUpperNith,asubbasinoftheGrandRiverwatershedinOntario,Canada.Weidentify

andrankcatchmentswithinthesub-basinbasedonestimatederosionvalues.Wetheninterrogate

thetopthreecatchmentstofurtherlocatetheexactsourcesoferosion.Overall,themosthighly

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erosiveareaswerelocatedinthesouthwestportionoftheUpperNithsub-basin.Thehighest

amountsofsheetandrillerosionwere22.38t/ha/yrin

SilverCreek,17.65t/ha/yrinBambergCreek,and15.20t/ha/yrinFirellaCreek.Theseandother

findingsthatwillbepresentedhelptargethigh-priorityareasformitigatingerosionthatcanbe

usedbyinitiativesliketheGovernmentofCanada’sGreatLakesWaterQualityAgreement.

AbandonedOilWell-PadPeatlandReclamation

AliEngering,MariaStrack,BinXuandMelanieBird

email:aengerin@uwaterloo.ca

Keywords:Peatland,Oilwell-pad,Reclamation,CarbonExchange

In-situoilsandsproductionindustryhasimpactedover140,000km²oflandinAlberta.Roughly

16%ofAlbertaiscoveredinpeatlandsthathavethepotentialtosequesteraswellasemitglobally

significantamountsofcarbon,yetlittleresearchhasbeendoneontherestorationofpeatlands

previouslyusedasoilwell-pads.Inthisrestorationexperiment,threedifferentcivilearthwork

treatments(CET)basedoninversionofclay(usedinwell-padconstruction),peatandamixtureof

clayandpeat,wereimplementedonanabandonedwell-padnearPeaceRiver,Albertain2009.

EachCET(mixed,clayandpeat)wassplitintothreeexperimentalblocks.Oneexperimentalblock

wasrevegetatedwithdonormaterialdominatedbySphagnumandonewithbrownmoss.All

treatmentswerethencoveredinstrawmulch.Thesite’srestorationtreatmentswereassessedfor

carbonfluxesinthesecondandthirdgrowingseasonspost-restoration.Carbondioxide(CO2)and

methane(CH4)fluxesweremeasuredinafullfactorialdesignofCETandrevegetationtreatments

in2014and2015usingtheclosedchambertechnique.Thebrownmosstreatmentemittedtheleast

CO2andhadtheleastGrossEcosystemProductivity(GEP).Therewerenosignificantdifferencesin

CH4byrevegetationtreatmentsorCETs.TherewasnosignificantdifferenceinCO2fluxesbetween

peatandclayCET.BothGEPandnetCO2uptakeincreasedmarginallyfrom2014to2015,while

CH4emissionsremainedsimilar.Futureresearchoncarbonemissionsisneededtofurther

understandtherestorationpotentialofthesedifferentCETs.

LymeDiseaseandDeforestation:Arealistsystematicreview

ByP.M.Enright1

1PhDCandidate–DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement

UniversityofWaterloo

Waterloo,Ontario

Keywords:LymeDisease,ForestFragmentation,Deforestation,SystematicReview

Abstract:Inworldcharacterizedbyincreasingenvironmentalchangeatlocal,regional,andgloballevelsconcernhasaroseregardingtheseeminglyperpetuallossofbiodiversityweareexperiencing.Inrelationtothisconcernareincreasedfearsthatthislossofbiodiversitymayresultinanincreasedprevalenceofzoonoticdiseasesintheenvironmentandanincreasedtransmissionofsuchdiseasestohumans.OnesuchdiseasecausingincreasingconcernisLymediseaseanditsassociatedbacteriumBorreliaburgdorferi.Thisstudyseekstodetermine,throughtheconstructionofarealistsystematicreview,anyrelationshipbetweenfactorsassociatedwithbiodiversityloss,deforestationand/orforestfragmentationandanyassociatedhabitatfragmentationandanincreaseinprevalenceofB.

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burgdorferiineitherhumanpopulationsorthenaturalenvironment.ThissystematicreviewutilisedboththePubMedandWebofSciencedatabasestoeventuallyselectandanalyse14articlesthatmetthereview’sinclusioncriteria:thattheywerewritteninEnglishandstudiedarelationshipbetweentheprevalenceofLyme(orB.burgdorferi)inhumanpopulationsorthenaturalenvironmentanddeforestationand/orforestfragmentation.ThisreviewdeterminedthatthereisarelationshipbetweentheprevalenceofB.burgdorferianddeforestationand/orforestfragmentationbutthatthisrelationshipisdependentonspecificconditions,suchasforestpatchsize,thepercentageofwoodland-openspacebordersinanareaandthelandscapetypeoflandsnexttoforestpatches.Thisreviewconcludesbyofferingrecommendationsforbothpolicyandresearchthatmayhelpprotecthumanpopulationsfromthedisease.ManagingTrade-OffsinCanadianFisheriesandFisheriesResearch

Author:GrahamEpstein

Thereisalargeandgrowingconsensusamongscholarsandfisheriesauthoritiesregardingthe

needtoaccountfortheimpactsoffishingonmarineecosystems.Fishingforforagespeciessuchas

shrimpcan,forinstance,haveasignificantimpactonthestructureandfunctionofthemarine

ecosystemasaresultofinteractionswithfishinggear,habitatalterationand/ortrophiccascades.

However,implementationofpoliciespremisedonanecosystem-basedapproachpresentsignificant

challengesforpolicymakersbecauseoftheirtendencytoproducetrade-offsthatbenefitsome

stakeholdersattheexpenseofothers.Thispreliminaryresearchprojectthereforeinvestigated

howsocialnetworks,politicalefficacyandeconomicincentivesaffecttheattitudesofshrimpfishers

towardspoliciesdesignedtolimittheecosystemimpactsonshrimpfishing.Thisresearchonthe

managementoftrade-offsprovidessomeinitialsupportforeachofthesehypotheses,butalso

presentedanumberofmoraltrade-offsfortheresearchersinvolved.Fishersoftenexpresseda

beliefthatourresearchwouldoratleastcouldhelpthemtoachievesomeoftheircollectivegoals,

providingamajormotivationforthemtoparticipate.Similarly,effortsonmyparttomaximizethe

numberofcompletedsurveysplacedmembersoftheresearchteaminuncomfortablesituations.

DevelopingbaselineknowledgeofwaterandmetalssuppliedbythePeaceRivertothe

Peace-AthabascaDelta,northernAlberta,usingpaleolimnology

Faber1J.,T.Owca1,R.I.Hall2andB.B.Wolfe1

1DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalStudies,WilfridLaurierUniversity,WaterlooON

2DepartmentofBiology,UniversityofWaterloo,WaterlooON

ThePeace-AthabascaDelta(PAD)isalargeborealfreshwaterdeltacontaininghundredsofshallow

lakesthatprovideimportantwildlifehabitatandisinternationallyrecognized(UNESCOWorld

HeritageSite,RamsarWetlandofInternationalImportance)foritsecological,historicalandcultural

significance.Concernsoverlakewaterquantityandwaterqualitystemfrommultiplepotential

stressorsonthePAD,includingpastandcurrentconstructionofhydroelectricdamsonthePeace

River,upstreamoilsandsdevelopment,andclimatechange.AlongthePeaceRiver,concernshave

beenheightenedbyrecentapprovalofBCHydro’sproposedSiteCDam.Hereweuse

paleolimnologicalapproachestofurtherenhanceknowledgeofbaselinehydrologicalconditionsof

thePeaceRiver,inadvanceofSiteCDamoperation,andtoalsocharacterizethenaturalsupplyof

metalstothePADviathePeaceRiverforbroaderassessmentsoftheeffectsofoilsands

development.Duringsummer2016,~35-60-cmlongsedimentcoreswereobtainedusinga

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hammer-drivengravitycorerfromfourlakesalongthePeaceandSlaveriverfloodplainsinthe

vicinityofthePAD.Sedimentcoresweredescribedandsectionedat1-cmintervals.Sedimentsub-

sampleswillbeanalyzedforradiometric(137Cs,210Pb),physical(loss-on-ignition),andgeochemical

(organiccarbonandnitrogenelementalandisotopecomposition,celluloseoxygenisotope

composition,metalconcentrations)parametersandbiota(diatoms,pigments)toreconstructpast

hydrologicalconditionsandmetaldeposition.Findingswillbeofinteresttomultiplestakeholders

andwillinformstewardshipofthedelta.

Keywords:Peace-AthabascaDelta,multiplestressors,paleolimnology,baselineconditions

DendroglaciologicalinvestigationsatKlinakliniGlacier,BritishColumbiaCoastMountains

LaurenFarmerandDanJ.Smith,UniversityofVictoriaTree-RingLaboratory,Departmentof

Geography,UniversityofVictoria,Victoria,BritishColumbiaV8W3P5(smith@uvic.ca)

Flowingsouthward35kmfromtheHa-IltzukIcefield,theKlinakliniGlacieristhelargestglacier

(470km2)locatedentirelywithinBritishColumbia.From1949to2009,theglacierlost

approximately10%ofitsareaandexperiencedsignificantdownwasting.Despitethepotentialfor

derivingsignificantinsightsintoHoloceneglacieractivityfromthisrecentlydeglaciatedlandscape,

onlyasinglesalvagesurveyin1977-1978ofglacier-killedtreesdescribinganearlyLittleIceAge

advancehasbeenundertaken.Basedondiscoveriesatnearbyglaciersandinsightfuldescriptions

byMunday(1936)ofglacier-killedtreedebrisintillatKlinakliniGlacier,adendroglaciological

surveyofthelateralmorainesflankingtheglacierwascompletedinJuly,2016.Radiocarbondating

ofwoodremainsshowthatKlinakliniGlacierexpandedintostandingforestsatca.3600,1400,

1000and600calAD.Theseadvancescoincidecloselyintimewithpreviouslyrecognizedglacier

activityintheMtWaddingtonareaandwiththeLateHolocenehistoryofotherglaciersinthe

PacificRanges.Thefindingsemphasizethesubstantialmassbalanceandsizechangesexperienced

byglacierswithinthesouthernBritishColumbiaCoastMountainsoverthelast4000years.

glacier,tree-rings,Holocene,BritishColumbiaCoastMountains

ComparingSedimentContaminantConcentrationsintheSt.ClairDetroit-RiverSystem

K.WayneForsythe,RyersonUniversity

DanielleE.Mitchell,RyersonUniversity

RichardR.Shaker,RyersonUniversity

StephenJ.Swales,RyersonUniversity

JosephM.Aversa,RyersonUniversity

DanielJ.Jakubek,RyersonUniversity

Sediment core samples have been collected and analyzed formetallic and organic contaminants

under the Environment Canada Great Lakes Sediment Quality Assessment Program since the

1960’s. This paper compares methods for the visualization and presentation of the data using

traditionaldotmaps,two-dimensionalkrigingandathree-dimensionalkriging/bathymetryoverlay

method.DataforLakeSt.Clairwereobtainedfor1970,1974and2001.Additionaldatasamplesfor

thelakeandtheSt.ClairandDetroitRiverswereacquiredfor2014.Dotmapsforallofthedatasets

were produced with ArcGIS software. In addition, the ordinary kriging geospatial analysis

70

techniquewas used to generate area estimates of contamination. Finally, bathymetry data were

utilizedtoproducethree-dimensionaldrapedrepresentationsofthemappedresults.Proximityto

traditional industrial areas appears to affect contaminant distribution relationships. This

informationisespeciallyvaluablewhenitiscombinedwithknowledgeofspatialpatternsthatare

derivedusinggeospatialinterpolationtechniques.Bathymetrydatafurtherenhancethemappingof

observedpollutionpatternswhentheyareincludedintheanalyses.

Keywords:

OrdinaryKriging;Visualization,Bathymetry;SedimentContamination

Spatialusepatternsinthreeincome-differentiatedHamilton(ON)CensusTracts

MiltonJ.Friesen,Ph.D.(Cand)

UniversityofWaterloo,SchoolofPlanning

GlobalPositioningSystem(GPS)dataiscollectedfromrandomlyrecruitedparticipantsacrossthree

income-differentiatedCensusTractsinEastHamilton.The2.1x106observationsweremadeat15

secondintervalsoverasevendayperiodandarespreadacrossatotalof97participantsdivided

amongthethreeCensusTracts.DatawascollectedbetweenJanuaryandMarch(2016)viaGPS

travelloggingdevicesthatloggedtime,date,longitude,latitude,elevationandspeed.Participants

alsofilledintraveldiariesfortheweektodeterminethedegreetowhichthedatacollectionperiod

couldbecharaterizedasnormal.Theresearchexploreshowincomepatternsleadtodifferencesin

localtravelpatternsusingtenempiricalmeasuressuchaslengthofpath,standardspatialdeviation,

directionalellipsis,anddifferencesbetweenmeanandmedianspatialaverages.Thesespatial

measuresarepartofamoreextensivestudythatalsomeasuresandcomparessocialcapitallevels

ofthesameparticipantsusinganewsocialcapitalinstrumentthatmeasuressocialnetworksand

levelsoftrust.TwoprimaryspatialclustersareevidentinthehigherincomeCensusTractwhile

acrossallthreeCensusTractsstreetpatternsappeartohaveagreatereffectondirectionaltravel

patternsthanincome.

Keywords:GlobalPositioningSystem,spatialstatistics,neighbourhoodspatialpatterns

FEASIBILITYANDPRELIMINARYRESULTSOFUSINGMECAHNICALCOMPRESSIONTO

ACCELERATETHERETURNOFHYDROLOGICALFUNCTIONTORESTOREDCUTOVER

PEATLANDS

Tasha-LeighGauthier*,Dr.ColinMcCarter,Dr.JonathanPrice

Abstract

Ten years post-restoration at the Bois-des-Bel peatland (BdB) there was limited hydrological

connectivity between the regenerated Sphagnummoss and the remnant cutover peat due to theformation of a capillary barrier. This resulted in lower soil water content and decreased

productivity of the regenerated Sphagnummoss compared to a natural analogue. This studyevaluates the feasibility of mechanical compression of the regenerated Sphagnum moss toamelioratethecapillarybarriereffect.Hydraulicconductivity-soilwatercontentrelationshipswere

71

determinedfornon-compressedandcompressedcoresofregeneratedSphagnummoss(n=5coresof4depths).TheresultingdatawasusedtoparameterizeaHydrus-1Dmodeltofurtherelucidate

theeffectofcompressiononthehydraulicpropertiesoftheregeneratedSphagnummoss.Sampleswere compressedby an averageof 1.3 cmwhich resulted in an increase inbulkdensityby49%

acrossallsamplesandanincreaseinaverageunsaturatedhydraulicconductivityateachpressure

step. Volumetricmoisture content increased by 0·10, 0·09, and 0·08 at ψ = -5 cm, -15, and -25,

respectively,whileatψ=-10cmθdecreasedby-0·04.Theseresultsindicatethatcompressionwill

likely increase hydrological connectivity to the surface and decrease hydrological stress on the

moss,andsofieldlevelinvestigationasarestorationtechniquewasundertaken.InJanuary2016,

two fields of the BdB were compressed using a John Deere 6430 Series tractor. Initial

measurementsofmossheightshowed59%compressionbeforerebound.Preliminarymossheight

afterreboundandhydrologicalresponsetocompressionfromsummer2016willbepresented.

Keywords:peatlandrestoration,mechanicalcompression,capillarybarrier,sphagnummoss

Title:EmbeddedorDisembedded?:High-techurbanapproachestofoodsystem

sustainability

Name:AlesandrosGlaro

Keywords:Zfarming,UrbanAgriculture,Ecosocialism,Entrepreneurship

Localfoodsystemsarepopularlyclaimedasasolutiontobetterconnectconsumersto

producersinarapidlyurbanizingworld.Thereexists,however,askepticismastowhatdegree

thesegenerallysmaller-scalelocalschemescanentrenchproducer-consumerlinkagesacrosslarger

cities.Entrepreneurshaveonlyrecentlychallengedthisdoubt,asseenbysteadytechnological

innovationtocreatelarger-scalecommercialurbanfarms.Thoughagreatdealofliteratureexists

regardingthesocial,economic,andenvironmentalimpactsofscaling-upthesehigh-techstrategies,

itremainsrelativelyunexaminedifsocietymaybecomebetterconnectedtofoodproduction

throughthistransition:akeynarrativeinthelocalfoodmovement.Thisresearchgapisespecially

pertinentinaCanadiancontext,whereideasoftech-intensivefoodentrepreneurshiparejust

beginningtotakehold.InthispaperIexploretheoreticalliteratureregardingsocio-natural

relations,inordertocontextualizehigh-techurbanagriculturetransitionswithinbroader

understandingsofsustainabletransition.Ialsodescribemethodologiestoexaminethis

phenomenon,includingthetheoreticallensofecosocialismaswellasinterviewsofkeyurban

agriculturestakeholders.High-techurbanagricultureisincreasinglygainingtractionincities

aroundtheworld;itisvitaltocriticallyexaminethispositivenarrativeofre-embeddingfoodwithin

citiesthroughtechnology,especiallyinCanadawherethesebusinessmodelsarejustbeginningto

grow.Inconclusion,byexamininghigh-techurbanagriculturewithinatheoreticalaswellasan

appliedcontext,thispapershedslightonthepossibleimplicationsofhigh-techurbanagriculture

onsocio-naturalrelationshipsinCanadiancities.

NavigatingtheComplexSeafoodCertificationLandscape:

72

AnAnalysisofDecisionMakingamongAtlanticLobsterHarvesterGroups

LarissaGoshulak*,Dr.JenniferSilver,andDr.BenjaminBradshaw

DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofGuelph

*lgoshula@uoguelph.ca

Abstract

Inresponsetowidespreaddemandsformarket-basedseafoodgovernancemechanisms,

third-partyseafoodcertificationshaveemergedandbeguntogainrecognitionfromactorsalong

sustainableseafoodsupplychains[1,2].Despitethepromiseofseafoodcertifications,the

effectivenessoftheseinitiativesisthreatenedbytheproliferationofcertificationalternativesby

differentorganizations(e.g.MarineStewardshipCouncil,OceanWise,FriendoftheSea).

Consequently,thesustainableseafoodmarketmaynowbeoversaturatedwithalternativestoa

pointthatconfusesproducersandconsumersalike,andfishharvestersmaythereforenotbe

adequatelyrewardedfortheirsustainabilityefforts[3].Thisresearchaimstounderstandthe

strategiesthatlobsterharvesterorganizationsontheeastcoastofNorthAmericausewhen

navigatingthiscomplexseafoodcertificationlandscape,andtoassesstherelationshipbetween

thesestrategiesandcomplexseafoodsupplychains.Throughsemi-structuredinterviewswith

representativesoflobsterharvesterorganizationsandotherindustryprofessionals,theresearch

exploreshowthesegroupsengageincertificationprocessesandrespondtothepressuresand

conditionsthatshapecertificationandmarketdemandsforsustainableseafood.Basedon

preliminaryresearchanddiscussionswithinterviewparticipants,itseemsthattheroleofthe

harvestergroupinselectingthemostsuitablecertificationmaybeconstrainedbythedemandsof

theretailerandtheinternationalseafoodmarketplace.Furthermore,thisresearchhypothesizes

thattheroleofcertificationinthesustainableseafoodindustryisevolving,ascertificationis

increasinglyseenasatoolformarketaccessratherthanatoolforsustainability.

Keywords:seafood,certification,lobster,MarineStewardshipCouncil

References

[1]Foley,P.(2013).NationalGovernmentResponsestoMarineStewardshipCouncil(MSC)

FisheriesCertification:InsightsfromAtlanticCanada.NewPoliticalEconomy,18(2),284–307.http://doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2012.684212

[2]Schrank,W.E.(2005).TheNewfoundlandfishery:tenyearsafterthemoratorium.MarinePolicy,29(5),407–420.http://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2004.06.005

[3]Foley,P.,&Hébert,K.(2013).Alternativeregimesoftransnationalenvironmentalcertification:

Governance,marketization,andplaceinAlaska’ssalmonfisheries.EnvironmentandPlanningA,45(11),2734–2751.H

Lessonsfromthepast:Whyweshouldnotoverlooksocialtransformationtrendsfollowing

resourcebooms

HalimaGoumandakoye

DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofWesternOntario

Oildiscoveriesandproductionareoftenlinkedtodependence, lossofcompetitiveness, inequality

andcorruption(Auty1998,SachsandWarner2001,PapyrakisandGulagh,2004). Initialdebates

ontheextractiveindustriesinthedevelopingworldfocussedontheDutchdiseaseandtheresource

73

curse. However, with globalization and climate change, attention has now shifted to corporate

socialresponsibility(CSR),inclusivedevelopmentandthescramblefornaturalresource.Todayan

arrayofoil,gasandminingmultinationalshavesettheirsightson“unconventional”,hardtoextract

resourcesinsurprisingandattimescontroversialnewplaces.Thispaperstressestheimportance

of studying social transformation following a resource boom, drawing upon the Niger case by

lookingattheoilindustry’sinteractionwithlocalcommunitiesinNiger’sZinderdepartment.Niger

qualifiesasoneofthosenew,“unconventional”orevenriskyoilpartners.Fromitsextensivefour

decades’experiencewithuraniummining,soonafterthefirstbarrelsoutofitsrefinery,questions

werealreadyraisedbycivilsociety.Leadingmanytoquestiontheextentofoil’sroleasavectorfor

development. Despite the importance of human and social frameworks, the literature on oil and

mining in Sub-Saharan Africa covering such topics is remarkably sparse; this paper aims at

explainingitsworthinresourceleddevelopmentdebates.

Keywords:resourcecurse,oilleddevelopment,CorporateSocialResponsibility,Niger.

Temporal-spectraltrajectorybasedchangedetectionandclassificationforbamboo-

dominatedforestsinSouthernBrazil

ClaraJ.Greig1,ColinRobertson2andAndreE.B.Lacerda3

1GeographyandEnvironmentalStudies,WilfridLaurierUniversity,grei4780@mylaurier.ca

2GeographyandEnvironmentalStudies,WilfridLaurierUniversity,crobertson@wlu.ca

3BiologicalSciences,UniversidadeAltoValedoRiodoPeixe,andre.biscaia@embrapa.br

Withaccesstocollectionsofcontinuoussatelliteimageryovera40-yearperiod,temporal-

spectralsignaturesnowserveasaneffectivemethodtomonitorandidentifychangesoccurring

overalandscape.Inthispaper,Landsat-timeseriesareusedtoexaminethetemporal-spectral

signatureofbamboo-dominatedforestsuccessionoccurringwithinthemixedOmbrophilous

Forest,apinedominatedsub-tropicalbiomebelongingtothecriticallydevastatedandthreatened

AtlanticForestinthesouthofBrazil.Thisregionhasbeenreducedto<1%primaryforestand20-

25%secondaryforestofitsoriginallandcover.Alterationofcanopystructurethrough

anthropogenicdisturbancehasincreasedunderstoreylightclimate,enablingnativeinvasive

bamboostoflourishandencroachonexistingforestcommunities,resultinginlossofbiodiversity.

Inthisresearch,weaimedtoidentifythetemporal-spectralsignatureofbamboo-dominatedforest,

inordertocharacterizestagesofforestsuccessionanddetermineregionsofbamboo-dominance.A

theoreticaltemporal-spectraldevelopmentmodelwasdevelopedbasedonfieldobservationand

previousresearch.Thistheoreticalmodelwasthencomparedtoatime-seriesofvegetationindices

obtainedfrom32yearsofLandsatdata.Root-meansquareerrorbetweeneachpixelinthestudy

areaandthetheorizedspectral-temporalmodelwerecomputedandsummarized.Preliminary

resultsindicatethatspectral-temporalsignatureshavetheabilitytoeffectivelyclassifydifferent

phasesofbamboo-dominatedforestsuccession.

Keywords:Landsattime-series;Changedetection;Bamboo;Disturbance;Brazil

TheeffectofDouble-crestedcormorant(Phalacrocoraxauritus)associatedtreemortalityoninvasiveEuropeanfireants(Myrmicarubra)atTommyThompsonPark,Toronto,Ontario

74

AditiGuptaa,andGailS.Frasera,b

aFacultyofEnvironmentalStudies,YorkUniversity,Toronto,ON

bcorrespondingauthor,gsfraser@york.ca

ThepestiferousandinvasiveEuropeanfireant(Myrmica.Rubra)appearstobewidespreadinsouthernOntario.Ourstudyexaminedhowthehabitattransformationfromanestingnative

waterbirdspecies,Double-crestedcormorants(Phalacrocoraxauritus)impactedthedistributionandabundanceofM.rubraatTommyThompsonPark,inToronto(TTP),Ontario.WecharacterizedhabitatchangesduetocormorantnestingandexaminedM.rubraabundanceandnestdensityattwelvestationsatTTPinAugust2009and2014.Between2009and2014habitattransformations

causedbynestingcormorantsreducedM.rubrahabitat,locality,abundanceandnestdensity.Cormoranttransformationofhabitatnestingnaturallycontrolledaninvasivespeciesthathasyetto

bemanagedinNorthAmerica.

Keywords:M.rubra,Double-crestedcormorants,abundance,nestdensity

Exploringshiftingfoodscapesduringtransitionintopermanentsupportivehousingin

Kingston,Ontario

Author:MadisonHainstock,SchoolofKinesiologyandHealthStudies,Queen’sUniversity

Peoplewhoexperienceextendedandmultipleperiodsofhomelessness,whosedailyroutinesare

highlystructuredaroundsecuringbasicnecessities,developaremarkablelevelofresilience

procuringfood.Whenperformedwithconsistencyandregularity,suchgeographiesofsurvivalcan

begivenmeaningandvalue,inwhichfoodbecomesdeeplyembeddedincomplexphysicaland

socio-culturalprocessesthatimpactapersons’senseofwellbeing.Since2008,a‘HousingFirst’

(HF)modelhasbecometheinterventionofchoicefortransitioningCanada’schronicandepisodic

homelesspopulationintopermanenthousing.However,exitinghomelessnessformany

participantshasbeencomplicatedbyalossofdailyroutinesandactivities,challengesredeveloping

independentlivingskills,discrimination,alackofcommunityintegration,loneliness,isolation,and

prolongedsocialstigma.Thispresentationwilllooktoprovideacriticalreviewofthecurrent

literature,tosetthestageforfutureempiricalresearchwithpeoplewhohaveexperiencedchronic

homelessnessandarenowenrolledinpermanenthousingprograminginKingston,Ontario.By

exploringshiftingfoodjourneysofpeopletransitioninginpermanenthousing,wehopetogaina

betterunderstandingofhowdailyactivitiesoffoodprocurementimpactaperson’ssenseof

wellbeingandshapetransitionexperiences.Itisanticipatedthatalthoughpeoplearedefinedas

“housed,”theproposedstudywillrevealhowissuesconnectedtofoodprocurementandsocial

isolation,mayremainunresolvedwithinpermanenthousinginterventions.

Keywords:permanentsupportivehousing,wellbeing,foodscapes,transition.

BorderlessWaters:AnEvaluationofIndigenousPerspectivesintheMackenzieRiverBasin

TransboundaryAgreements

By:TeallHall

Affiliation:CarletonUniversity

75

Across theworld, countrieshavebeenexperiencingproblemsrelated towater,whichare

nowbeingassociatedwithpoorgovernmentleadership.Oneofthegreatestchallengeswithwater-

relatedissues isdealingwithtransboundarywater,withthedifferent interestsofactors,whoare

dividedbypoliticalborders.This includesIndigenouspeoples,whoseperspectivesonwaterhave

largelybeenexcluded,despitewidespreadrecognition thatwatermanagementshould includeall

affected parties. The Mackenzie River Basin is classified as an inter-provincial transboundary

watershed in Canada. The largest north-flowing river in North America, and home to a large

Indigenouspopulation(50%oftheNWT),investigatinghowIndigenousperspectivescontributeto

transboundary water management is important for ensuring that water management is shared

across the basin.With the application of discourse analysis as a methodological tool, this study

traces the incorporationof Indigenousperspectives in theMackenzieRiverBasinTransboundary

Agreements (and supplementary documents), and negotiations between Alberta and the NWT.

Special attention is paid to the perspectives on nature from both Indigenous and scientific

knowledge. The primary goal of this study is to look at if and how the agreements utilized

Indigenousperspectivesonwater.

PlacesofErasure:Assimilationimpactonindigenous“senseofplace”

ShirleyHall

WilfridLaurierUniversity

TheTruthandReconciliationCommissionofCanadareportandsubsequentCallstoAction,asled

byDr.MurraySinclair,canbeseenasacatalystfortherecentburgeoninginterestinresearchby

andwithAboriginalpeoplesandcommunitiesacrossCanada.Assimilationintoresidentialschools

hasleftimmensescarsontheremnantsofIndigenouspeople,beingstrippedoftheirabilityto

practiceandperpetuatetheirownculturaltraditions.AsIndigenous“senseofplace”hasbeen

bequeathedthroughoraltraditionandpassedalongfromgenerationtogeneration,thisdisruption

canbeseenashavingimmenseimpact.Inordertounearththegapsinindigenoustraditional

knowledgeabout“senseofplace”,itisimperativetostudytheserepresentationsemergingfrom

thesenarratives,astheyholdanswersastohowtraditionalknowledgeabout“senseofplace”

comestobeknownandistransmittedacrossgenerations.Usingacombinationofparticipant-

generatedoralandvisualdata,maprepresentationsoftheimpactofassimilationonindigenous

“senseofplace”.Thisresearchwillheightenawarenessfornonindigenousandindigenousalike,

abouttherichnessandspiritualitythatindigenousoralandvisualtraditionsbringtounderstanding

experience(s)ofplace,whilesimultaneouslycontributingtowardsreconciliationbetweenthese

fracturedcommunitiesandCanadians.

Keywords:senseofplace,indigenous,mapping

Title:UrbanSizeandAcademicFocus:ExploringTrendsinCanadianUrbanGeography,Planning

andPolicyLiterature

Author:MaxwellHartt

SchoolofPlanning,UniversityofWaterloo

200UniversityAveW,Waterloo,ON,N2L3G1

647-331-1533

mhartt@uwaterloo.ca

Abstract:

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Between 1996 and 2001 almost half of the urban areas in Canada lost population. This uneven

pattern of growth prompted an examination of the English-language urban geography, planning

and policy-related academic literature in 2001,which determined that Canadian urban research

fixated on large, growing metropolitan areas. Revisiting this literature a decade later with a

thorough review of 1518 articles in eight Canadian academic journals, large urban areas have

continuedtodominatetheacademicdiscourse.Althougharticlesdedicatedtosmallerandmiddle

sizeurbanareasarestillrelativelyunderrepresented inthe literature,research focusingonmore

thanonesizeofurbanareahasgrowntremendously.Thisreflectsanemerginginterestinregional

connectivityandariseintheperceptionofurbanareasassystems,ratherthanindividualentities.

Further analysis reveals distinct changes in the economic sector concentration of the Canadian

urban literature as there were significantly fewer articles focused on resource extraction,

manufacturingandtourism.

Keywords:urbanchange,academia,shrinkingcities

LuckyRealizationsoftheSnow-AORelationshipinCMIP5Models

TylerHerrington,Dr.ChrisFletcher

DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement

UniversityofWaterloo,Waterloo,ON

PresentingAuthor:TylerHerrington(therring@uwaterloo.ca)

Previousstudieshavedemonstratedastatisticallysignificantrelationshipbetweenthe

observedOctobersnowcoverinSiberia,andthephaseandstrengthoftheArcticOscillation(AO).

Thisrelationshiphasonlybeenabletoberecreatedunderisolatedcircumstancesinclimate

models,however.HereweexploretherelationshipbetweenOctobersnowcoverinEurasia,and

atmosphericcirculationovertheNorthAtlantic,focusingondatafromthreeCoupledModelInter-

ComparisonProject(CMIP5)models.Weonlyconsidermodelsthatdisplay40-yeartime-periods

withacorrelationbetweentheDec-Jan-FebZ500PolarCapandOctEurasiansnowcover(hereafter

AO-snowcorrelation)of≥0.35,inordertoanalyzescenarioswithsimilarcorrelationstothe

observationalrecord.Sealevelpressure,geopotentialheight,andupwardwaveactivityflux(v*T*)

areconsideredover40-yeartimeperiodswheretheAO-snowcorrelationis≥0.35(hereafter“lucky

timeperiods”).

AfeatureoftheobservedAO-snowrelationshipisthatinyearswithrelativelyhighOct

snowcoveroverEurasia,anegativeAOmodegenerallydevelopsovertheNorthAtlanticoverthe

followingwinter.WefindthatdespiteshowingasimilarAO-snowcorrelationtotheobservations

overselect“lucky”timeperiods,noneofthethreemodelsexploredappeartoexhibitsimilar

patternsofdevelopmentofsealevelpressure,geopotentialheight,orv*T*tothatoftheobserved,

suggestingthatsnowcovermaynotbethemaincontrolonthedevelopmentoftheAO.

Keywords:NorthernAnnularMode,ArcticOscillation,ClimateVariability,Atmospheric

Teleconnections

MappingPevenseyBay:TheHistorical,EnvironmentalandCartographicEvidence

ChristopherMacdonaldHewitt,Ph.D.�DepartmentofGeography� SocialScienceCentre�University

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ofWesternOntario� 1151RichmondStreet� LondonCanada�N6A5C2Abstract:

Despitetheirobviousimportanceashistoricalsources,fewhistoricalstudiesrelyappreciablyupon

mapsorotherformsofcartographicrepresentations.Suchomissionisparticularlyobviousinthe

caseofmedievalwarfare.Aspartofanefforttoeffectivelydemonstratethevalueofcartographyto

historicalanalysis,thisstudyexamineslandusesineleventhcenturyPevenseyBay,England,the

landingsiteoftheNormanArmypriortoitsengagementintheBattleofHastings,foughtin

1066.Specifically,informationregardinglandusesofthelateeighteenthcentury,incombination

withdatafromearliermapsandenvironmentalstudies,areanalyzedtoprovideadetailed

representationofthetargetarea.Suchinformationcastsconsiderablenewlightonthelanding

conditionsoftheNormanArmyatthetime,aswellassomeinsightasregardstotheresources

availabletotheinvadersonarrival.Thestudyconcludeswithadiscussionoftheapplicabilityof

themethodsemployedforotherhistoricaleventsandperiods.

Keywords:

PevenseyBay,HistoricalMaps,WilliamI,EnvironmentalStudies

ApplicationsofRADARSAT-2polarimetricdataforassessingdegradedwhitemangrove

forests

DuncanJ.E.Hill1,JohnM.Kovacs1andFranciscoFlores-de-Santiago21DepartmentofGeography,NipissingUniversity,NorthBay,ON,Canada

2InstitutodeCienciasdelMaryLimnología,UniversidadNacionalAutónomadeMéxico,Coyoacán

D.F.,México

Keywords:remotesensing,syntheticapertureradar,mangrove

PreviousresearchexploringtheuseofactiveSyntheticApertureRadar(SAR)remotelysensed

imageryinmangrovestudieshasfocusedmainlyonbackscatterfromdifferentpolarizationbands.

WiththelatestgenerationofSARsensorsnowofferingfully-polarimetricmodes,newpolarimetric

analysistechniquesareavailable.Inthisstudy,weevaluatetheapplicationofthesetechniquesfor

assessingadegradedwhitemangrove(Lagunculariaracemosa)forestontheMexicanPacificusingC-bandRADARSAT-2FineQuadimagery.SeveralFineQuadimageswereobtainedovertheAgua

BravaLagoonstudyareawherebiophysicalmeasurementswererecordedin2014and2015.

Polarizationparametersextractedfromtheimagerywerecomparedtothefielddataacrossforest

standsofvaryingcondition(healthy,poorcondition,dead).Specificpolarizationparameters

examinedincludebackscatterintensity,co-polarizedphasedifference,polarimetricresponseplots

andmultiplepolarimetricdecompositions.Eachparameterwasalsoevaluatedforthedifferent

incidenceanglesimageswereacquiredattodetermineifthereisanidealimaginganglefor

mangroveapplications.

UsingPhotovoicetoUnderstandClimateChangeAdaptationinRuralOntario

Hissa,K.(DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalStudies,WilfridLaurierUniversity)

Abstract

Theexaminationofcommunityadaptationandresilienceapproachestoaddressthethreatsof

climatechangeinruralOntarioisbecomingincreasinglyimportantinemergencymanagementand

preparedness.Communityengagementbecomescriticalinthisregard,aslocalexperiencespartly

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influenceperceptionsofclimatechangeriskswithinmunicipalities.Photovoiceisacommunity-

basedparticipatoryresearchmethodologythatempowersparticipantstodocumenttheir

perceptionsandunderstandingsofaparticularissuethroughtheuseofvisualimages.This

techniquewasundertakentounderstandtheimpactsoftheF3tornadothathitthecommunityof

Goderich,Ontarioin2011andcapturetheirmember’sperceptionsondisasterrecoveryand

climate-relatedthreats.Forthisproject,Iworkedwith10communityphotographerstorefine

themes(n=7)relatedtotheimpactsoftheextremeeventoncriticalinfrastructureaswellas

communitystrengthsandchallengesassociatedwithclimatechangeresilience.Myfindingsindicate

thattheF32011tornadobroughtvasthardshiptotheresidentsofGoderichofwhichtheystill

experiencefiveyearslaterandthatdifferingopinionsduringtherecoveryprocessencouraged

controversy–hinderingsomeofthesocialcohesionduringrebuild.Despitethecommunity’sfast

recovery,certaininfrastructuresuchasbankingandbusinessesremainstobevulnerabletofuture

disaster.Mostimportantly,optimisticacceptanceandpositiveoutlookregardingtheirperceptionof

communitystrengthandresiliencedespitelosseswasanoverwhelmingthemefortheparticipants

inthisproject.

Keywords:ClimateChange;Adaptation;RuralOntario;Photovoice

LakeIce/WaterSegmentationofDualPolarizationRADARSAT-2SARImagerywiththe

IterativeRegionGrowingusingSemanticsAlgorithm

MarieHoekstra,ClaudeDuguay(DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo),DavidClausi(DepartmentofSystemsDesignEngineering,UniversityofWaterloo)

Changestothestateoficecoveronlakesthroughoutnorthernlandscapeshasbeenestablishedasa

strongindicatorofclimatechangeandvariability.Inaddition,monitoringtheextentandtimingof

icecoverisrequiredtoallowformorereliableweatherforecastingacrosslake-richnorthern

latitudes.

CurrentlytheCanadianIceService(CIS)monitorsover130lakesusingRADARSAT-2SAR

(syntheticapertureradar)andopticalimagery.Theseimagesarevisuallyinterpreted,withlakeice

coverreportedweeklyasafractionintenths.Anautomatedmethodofclassificationwouldallow

formoredetailedrecordsoflakeiceextenttobedeliveredoperationally.

TheVisionandImageProcessingResearchGroupatUniversityofWaterloohasdevelopedthe

IterativeRegionGrowingusingSemantics(IRGS)algorithm,allowingforautomatedsegmentation

ofSARscenes,andhasbeentestedintheclassificationofseaicewithupto96%accuracy.This

algorithmseparateshomogeneousregionsinanimageusingahierarchicalwatershedapproach,

thenmergeslikeregionsintoclasses.Theseclassesaremanuallylabeledbytheuser,however

automatedlabelingcapabilityforlakeiceiscurrentlyindevelopment.

Inthisstudy,wehaveemployedIRGStosegmenticeandwaterindual-polarizationRADARSAT-2

scenesofGreatSlaveLake.Anaccuracyassessmenthasbeenperformedontheresults,comparing

outcomeswithusergeneratedreferencedataandtheCISfractionreportedatthetimeofimage

acquisition.Theresultsdemonstratethepotentialofthisalgorithmtoquicklyandaccurately

providedetailedlakeicecoverinformationinthefuture.

Keywords:

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cryosphere,RADARSAT-2,segmentation,lakeice

Localmulticriteriaanalysisandagent-basedmodelsforsimulatingurbanlandusepatterns

HosseinHosseini1,JacekMalczewski2

1Presenter,DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofWesternOntario,London,ONN6A5C2,Canada2Supervisor,DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofWesternOntario,London,ONN6A5C2,Canada

Abstract:Theconventionalmodelsforsimulatinglandusepatternsareinsufficient inaddressing

complex dynamics of urban systems. A new urban models, inspired by research on cellular

automataandmulti-agent systems,hasbeenproposed toaddress thedrawbacksof conventional

modeling.Anyurbandynamics,includingurbandevelopment,istheresultofactionandinteraction

ofdifferenttypesofagentsthatexistoverthelandscape.Inurbanmodels,anagentrepresentsan

individualorinterestgroup.Tosimulateurbandevelopment,oneshouldfirstsimulatethedecision

behavior of different types of agents. Each typeof agent hasdifferent preferences andpriorities,

andmakes its locationdecision according to thesepreferences.Agents evaluate the suitability of

each parcel of undeveloped land using a number of criteria and choose the best land(s) for

development.However, the landscape isnotuniformandagents’preferenceswith respect to the

evaluationcriteriavaryfromonelocationtoanother.Thecontributionofthisresearchistomodel

the urban development by considering the heterogeneity that exists in agents’ preferences. The

localmulticriteriaanalysisapproachisusedformodellingthedecisionbehaviorofdifferenttypes

ofagents.

Keywords:urbanlanduse;cellularautomata;multi-agentsystems;localmulticriteriamodels.

Title:DissolvedorganiccarbondynamicsinaconstructedfenintheAthabascaOilSandsRegion,

Alberta

S.E.Irvine,M.Strack,J.S.Price

DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo,200University

AvenueWest,Waterloo,Ontario,N2L3G1

s2irvine@uwaterloo.ca

IntheWesternBorealPlainfenscomprise50%ofthelandscape,howevermuchofthisareais

disturbedthroughbitumenextractionintheAthabascaOilSands.Sincethereisalegalrequirement

toreturnequivalentlandcapability,theNikanoteeFenwasconstructedwithtwometresofpeat

colonizedbymoss,plantedsedgespecies,andspontaneouslyoccurringvegetation.Asthesystem

developsdissolvedorganiccarbon(DOC)islikelytobesourcedfrombothpeatandvegetation.This

sourceofDOCmayhaveimplicationsforitscarbonbalanceanddownstreamwaterquality.Yet,

thereislimitedinformationonDOCdynamicsinconstructedpeatlands,withnonefocusingonsite-

specificvegetationcontrolsorDOCtransport.WereportonchangesinDOCconcentrationsthrough

thepeatprofile,inputsthroughgroundwaterandlossesfromdischargebetweenJuneandAugust

2015.PreliminaryresultsindicatethatDOCconcentrationsincreasethroughthepeatprofileover

timewithintheNikanoteeFen.Concentrationsremainconsistenttemporallyandspatiallywithin

mineralsubstrateswhichsupplythefenwithwater.TheamountofDOCwithinthesystem

increasedthroughthesummerof2015duetogreaternetproductionwithinthefen,andlimited

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outflowfromthissystem.Lowdischargethroughthisperiodisattributedtothesmallamountof

precipitationreceivedcomparedtotheclimatenormalforthesemonths.Overall,theDOCbudgetof

thisconstructedfenisprimarilycontrolledbywithin-siteproduction.Thisislikelyafunctionof

minimalprecipitationreceivedwithinthissystem,howeverthisbalancemaychangewithvarying

precipitationinputs.

Keywords:peatland,reclamation,carbon

Planningforcontroversiallanduses:thecaseofmedicalmarijuanadispensaries(MMDs)in

Toronto

DavidJohnson–UniversityofWaterloo(Master’sStudent)

Dr.JenniferDean–UniversityofWaterloo(PrincipleInvestigator)

Medicalmarijuanadispensaries(MMDs)havebeenopeningincitiesacrossCanadainresponseto

changinglegislationthatsupportstheuseofmarijuanatotreatcertainhealthconditions.There

currentlyisanabsenceofstandardproceduresforsitingdispensariesthatsellthiscontrolled

substance.Furtherconfusingtheissueisthatthefederalgovernmenthaspromotedthefuture

decriminalizationandlegalizationofmarijuanaforrecreationaluse.Withrapidlychangingfederal

lawsandprovincialguidelinesformedicalandrecreationalmarijuanause,thereisaneedtoassess

theimpactsofMMDsatthemunicipallevelbothintermsofplanningpoliciesandpracticesthat

provideguidanceforthesitingofMMDs,andforbalancingdivergingexpectationsandreactions

frommultiplepublics.Thispresentationdiscussespreliminaryfindingsofacasestudyofmedical

marijuanadispensariesinToronto,Ontario.Thisstudycollectedqualitativedataaboutthe

existenceandsitingofthiscontroversiallandusefromkeyinformantsworkinginTorontoaswell

asconductedamediaanalysisofrecentMMDarticlesfromtwolocalandonenationalnewspaper.

Preliminaryfindingshighlightthemultipleandcompetingperspectivesofcitizens,advocatesand

policy-makerswithrespecttoMMDsandthepublicgood.Futureresearchdirectionsandpolicy

implicationswillbediscussed.

Planning|PublicHealth|PublicGoods|ControversialLandUses|MedicalMarijuana

Modelsofdirecteditingofgovernmentspatialdata:Challengesandconstraintstothe

acceptanceofcontributeddata

PeterA.Johnson

AssistantProfessor,DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,Universityof

Waterloo,Waterloo,Ontario,peter.johnson@uwaterloo.ca

Abstract

Thecurrentpopularityofgovernmentopendataplatformsasawaytosharegeospatialdatahas

createdanopportunityforgovernmenttoreceivedirectfeedbackandeditsonthisverysamedata.

Thispresentationproposesfourmodelsthatcandefinehowgovernmentacceptsdirecteditsand

feedbackongeospatialdata.Thefourmodelsare;a‘statusquo’ofopendataprovision,data

curation,datamirroring,andcrowdsourcing.Thesemodelsareplacedonacontinuumof

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governmentcontrolrangingfromhighlevelsofcontroloverdatacreationtoalowlevelofcontrol.

Eachmodelisdiscussed,withrelevantchallengeshighlighted.Thesefourmodelspresentaninitial

suiteofoptionsforgovernmentslookingtoacceptdirecteditsfromdataendusers,andcanbe

framedasapartialrealizationofmanyoftheprinciplesofopengovernment.Despitethevaried

potentialoftheseapproaches,theygenerateashiftincontrolawayfromgovernment,creating

severalareasofriskforgovernment.Ofthesemodels,near-terminterestmayfocusondata

curationanddatamirroringasevolutionary,ratherthanrevolutionarystepsthatexpandonthe

simpleprovisionofopendata.

Keywords:opendata,opengovernment,crowdsourcing,geospatialdata

SmallholderAgriculturalMechanizationintheNorthernSavannaofGhana:Implicationson

LanduseandProductionPatterns

MosesM.Kansanga1*andPeterAndersen2

1- EnvironmentalHazardsandHealthLab,DepartmentofGeography,WesternUniversity,LondonCanada

2- DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofBergen,Norway

Abstract

SmallholderagricultureinthenorthernsavannahofGhanaislargelyrain-fed,withlimitedfacilities

for irrigation. Fluctuations in the timing and distribution of rainfall coupled with the limited

information to monitor erratic climatic patterns have created uncertainty regarding suitable

planting periods. Given the difficulty with the use of basic hand-held farm inputs to prepare

farmlands expeditiously in anticipation of rain, farmers have responded to these challenges by

resorting tousing tractors in landpreparation.However,despite the increaseduseof tractorsby

smallholder farmers, its implication on agricultural land use and cropping patterns has received

littleresearchattention.Usingamixedmethodapproach,thisstudyexaminedthenatureoftractor-

basedmechanizationanditsimpactonfarmsizes,croppatternsandagriculturallandaccessamong

smallholder farmers from 2005 to 2015 in Navrongo in the Upper East Region of Ghana. Our

findings indicate that, the use of tractors has resulted in a sharp increase in farm sizes from the

baseyearin2005whentractorusewasminimal.Theexpansioninfarmsizesisaccompaniedbya

changing cropping pattern away from the production of native staples tomarket-oriented crops.

Furthermore,thestudyrevealsgrowingintra-familylandusetensionsoverfertilelandsleadingto

‘intra-family land grabbing’. Farmers have responded by adopting protectivemeasures including

continuouscultivationand lendinguncultivated land to farmersoutside the family lineage.Based

onthese findings,werecommendmechanizationpoliciesshouldtarget theprovisionofrelatively

smallerhorsepowertractorswithintheaffordabilityrangeofsmallholders.

Keywords:Mechanization,SmallholderFarmers,LandUse,CroppingPattern

ThediffusionofrenewableelectricitytechnologiesinCanadianremoteaboriginal

communitiesusingthetechnologicalinnovationsystemsapproach

K.KaranasiosandP.Parker

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DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo

Abstract

Theaimof thepaper is toapply theTechnological InnovationSystems(TIS)approach toanalyze

thediffusionofrenewableelectricitytechnologies(RETs)inremoteCanadiancommunities,which

are in need of reliable and clean electricity to address social, environmental and economic

development issues.ThestudyexaminestheslowdiffusionofRETsduringthe1974-2016period

and (a) identifies the past and current functional pattern and performance and the systemic

problemsthatshape thediffusionprocess,and(b)generates insightsabout themain factors that

havethepotentialtosustainthedevelopmentoftheTIS,takingintoconsiderationcurrenttrends,

currentprojectsingridconnectedcommunities,andtheplansfornorthernresourcedevelopments.

AlthoughthereisevidencethattheaccumulationofTISfunctionsdeterminestherateofdiffusionof

therenewabletechnologies,addressinganumberofsystemicproblemsthroughpolicycouldlead

toaccelerateddiffusionofRETstothebenefitofthecommunitiesandotherstakeholders.

Keywords: technological innovation systems; energy systems; renewable power; remote

aboriginalcommunities

DiscerningEffectsofMultipleStressorsonLakesoftheAthabascaDeltausingPaleolimnology

MitchellL.Kaya,ErinMacDonalda,KristenWesenberga,KathleenBrowna,

[InsertStudentNameshere]b,JasminaVucica,LauraNearya,JohanA.Wiklunda,RolandI.Halla,

BrentB.Wolfeb

aDepartmentofBiology,UniversityofWaterloo,Waterloo,Ontario,CanadaN2L3G1

bDepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalStudies,WilfridLaurierUniversity,Waterloo,

Ontario,CanadaN2L3C5

The Peace-Athabasca Delta is a large boreal freshwater delta that primarily relies on river

floodwatertomaintaintheecologicalhealthofnumerouslakes.Inrecentdecades,therehasbeen

concernoverthepotentialeffectsofmultiplestressors,includingenergydevelopmentprojectsand

climatechange,on lakewaterquantityandquality in thedelta.Paleolimnologicalapproachesare

being used to assess the roles of these stressors from long-term records of hydrology andmetal

deposition.Duringthepastseveralyears,sedimentcoreshavebeenobtainedfrommultipleflood-

prone lakes along theAthabascaRiver in theAthabascaDelta, and sectioned into1 cm intervals.

Sub-samples from each interval will be analyzed for radiometric, physical (including loss-on-

ignition), and geochemical parameters and biota to reconstruct past hydrological conditions and

metaldepositionforthepastcenturyormore.Preliminaryresultsfromloss-on-ignitionfromseven

lakesedimentcoresshowthatrecentgeomorphicchangesinflowoftheAthabascaRiverhavehad

aprofoundinfluenceonlakehydrologyintheAthabascaDelta.Notably,thishascausedAthabasca

River flowtobedivertedaway fromthenortheasternsectorof theAthabascaDelta,which is the

traditional territory of the Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation. Ongoing analyses will refine the

paleohydrologicalreconstructionsanddataobtainedfrompre-1920lakesedimentsampleswillbe

usedtoestablishabaselinetoevaluatepost-1967sedimentsamplesforevidenceofpollution.

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Title:TreelineExpansionAlongtheCanolHeritageTrail,NWT,Canada->70yearsPost-

Disturbance

Authors:GeoffreyG.L.Kershaw1,StevenD.Mamet2,3,andG.PeterKershaw

Affiliations:1GeographyandEnvironmentalStudiesDepartment,WilfridLaurier,Waterloo,ON,N2L

3C5;2BiologyDepartment,UniversityofSaskatchewan,Saskatoon,SK,S7N5E2;3Departmentof

SoilScience,UniversityofSaskatchewan,Saskatoon,SKS7H5A8;4DepartmentofEarthand

AtmosphericSciences,UniversityofAlberta,Edmonton,AB,T6G2E3

Abstract:Inmanyareasthroughoutthenorthernhemisphere,treelinehasadvancedlatitudinally

andaltitudinally.Atthesametime,shrubshaveexpandedintundraecosystems.Theroleof

anthropogenicdisturbanceinfacilitatingorretardingtheseecosystemtransitionsispoorly

understood.Somestudiesreportincreasedrecruitmentassociatedwithdisturbance,whileothers

reporttreelinerecession.TheCanolHeritageTrail(CANOLProject1942-5)providesaccessto

treelineintheSelwynandMackenzieMountainsfromMacmillanPasstotheDechenLábarrens.

Subalpinefir(Abieslasiocarpa)dominateslowerelevationswithsporadicwhitespruce(Piceaglauca)andbalsampoplar(Populusbalsamifera)alongthetrail.Theforesttransitionsintodwarfbirch(Betulaglandulosa)dominatedareasathigherelevation,whereonlyscattered,stuntedtreeislandspersist.Herewereportonthenaturalrecruitmenthistoryoftreespeciesinthearea,aswell

asourintendedinvestigationbasedonthehypothesisthathumandisturbancehascreateda

dispersalcorridorforrecenttreerecruitment.Pastrecruitmenteventsoffir,spruce,andpoplarare

reconstructedfromtree-ringanalysisandcomparedtotemperaturetrendsfrom1800-2000.On

disturbedareas,a2012-2015censusoftreerecruitmentwasdone.Stemdensityandagestructure

oftreespeciesondisturbedareaswillbecomparedtooffdisturbancesamplestoestablishif

preferentialrecruitmentisoccurring.Thispresentationwillconcludewithoff-disturbance

samplingproceduresandourintendedanalysisasthisportionofthestudyhasyettobecompleted

andtheauthorswelcomecriticalcommentsandobservationsonthesubject.

Keywords:Treeline,ClimateChange,AnthropogenicDisturbance,MackenzieMountains

LivingandLearningwithLocals:AGenderPerspectiveaboutConductingFieldworkin

UnfamiliarEnvironments

Author:F.NooriKhan

Onewaytounderstandthecomplexityofsocialchangeistoimmerseoneselfinit.Thepurposeof

myresearchwastoexploregenderdynamics,specificallythestatusoffisherwomenwithregardsto

environmentalchangeandadaptationinthefisherycommonsofChilikalagoon,alagoonsituated

ontheeastcoastofIndia.Toconductfieldwork,ItravelledtoChilikaandlivedwithlocalfisher

communitiesinruralvillagesIhadnevervisited.Iquicklyunderstoodthatitwasessentialto

acknowledgemyowngenderidentityasawomaninthefield.Ilearnedthatbeingawoman

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presentedparticularbenefitsandchallengeswhileconductingresearch.Thispaperwillsharea

genderperspectiveaboutconductingethnographic,qualitativeresearch.Iwilldiscussmy

participatoryapproachtothisresearch.Morebroadly,Iwillexaminethestrugglesofbeinga

womanandanoutsiderinthefieldandthestrategiesIusedtoovercomethesechallenges.My

experienceoflivingandlearningwithlocalcommunitiesinChilikafosteredanopportunitytonot

onlygatherresearchnecessaryformyprojectbutalsotorecognizethesignificanceofmypersonal

identityinthefield.Iofferinsightonhowresearchersadapttothesocialsettingandenvironment

oftheirfieldsites.Furthermore,Idiscusshowmyimmersionintothisresearchonsocialchangeled

tovaluablesubjectiveandpersonalexperiences.

Mississauga’surbanforest:Assessinglocalandregionalclimatevulnerability

TalhaKhan–M.Sc.Candidate,DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofToronto

Dr.TenleyConway–DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofToronto,Mississauga

Urban forests are stressed by poor soil quality, flood events, droughts, and anthropogenic

disturbance. Changes in temperature, precipitation, and extreme weather events as a result of

climate change can cause additional physiological stress to urban tree species. Present research

focuses on how urban tree species can help alleviate climate change impacts but often fails to

mention the susceptibility of species to a changing climate. This study seeks to examine City of

Mississauga’surbanforestspeciescompositiontoexplorethesusceptibilityofcommonnativeand

non-nativespeciestopredictedclimatechangescenariosonalocalandregionalscale.Physiological

growthrequirementsandclimatetolerances(i.e.minimumtemperature,droughttolerance,etc.)of

abundanttreespeciesweregatheredtoevaluatestressorsundermodeledclimateconditionsinthe

short-term, the year 2040, and long term, the year 2100. Amatrix was created to highlight the

susceptibility of species to particular climate conditions andweather events. Preliminary finding

and next stepswill be presented. Examining species composition and climate vulnerability on a

regional scale can provide information on how resilient urban forests may be to future climate

change,andhowtoamelioratespeciesloss.Thisresearchcanaidurbanforestmanagementplans

in species selection and extending the life expectancy of individual trees, thus saving time and

money,andretainingecosystemservices.

Keywords:climatechange,climatesusceptibility,urbanforest,speciesdistribution

TheGenderedSpacesofVolunteerTourism

By:AmyKipp,Drs.RobertaHawkinsandNoellaGray(DepartmentofGeography,Universityof

Guelph)

Abstract:Volunteertourism,inwhichindividualsparticipateinvoluntaryworkwhilevacationing

abroad,isanincreasinglypopularandresearchedformoftravel,consideredbysomeacademicsto

beasustainableformofdevelopment.Withinthisformof“development-travel”thereexistsan

extremelyunevengenderdividewithafourtooneratiooffemaletomaleparticipants.Although

commonlycited,littleresearchexistsonthisgendergapandthepotentialimpactitmayhaveon

volunteertourismandbyextensionthefieldofinternationaldevelopment.Thispaperexploresthe

genderdividebyexaminingthespaces,activitiesandinteractionsthatvolunteertouristshave

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accesstoonthesetrips.Additionally,afeministcritiqueisappliedtotheconceptsofglobal

citizenshipandthegeographyofcareinrelationtothegenderednatureofvolunteertourism.

Thisstudyisbasedonpreliminaryfindingsfrom40semi-structuredinterviewswithformermale

andfemalevolunteertourists,aswellasdatacollectedduringparticipantobservationonatwo-

weeklongvolunteertripinGuatemala.Emergingthemesinthedatainclude:genderedconcerns

aroundsafetyandresponsibility,privilegeandpower,andtheintersectionalityofmultiple

identities.Ultimately,thispapersuggeststhatthegendergapthatexistsinvolunteertourismhas

thepotentialtoimpacttherepresentationandunderstandingoftheGlobalSouthintheGlobal

Northinaparticularlygenderedwayandthatinordertobetterunderstandthespacesofvolunteer

tourismmorecritical,feministresearchisneeded.

Keywords:volunteer-tourism,gender,globalcitizenship,geographiesofcare

IstheAthabascaRiverBeingPollutedfromAlbertaOilSandsDevelopment?

Klemt,WynonaH.(1)(wklemt@uwaterloo.ca),RolandI.Hall(1),BrentB.Wolfe(2)

(1)DepartmentofBiology,UniversityofWaterloo,Waterloo,OntarioN2L3G1(2)DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalStudies,WilfridLaurierUniversity,Waterloo,OntarioN2L3C5Keywords:paleolimnology;monitoring;Albertaoilsands;metalpollutionAlbertaoilsandsminingandprocessingbeganoperationsin1967,butonsetofenvironmental

monitoringoftheAthabascaRiverandadjacentfloodplainlakesbytheRegionalAquatics

MonitoringProgram(RAMP)toassesslevelsofoilsandscontaminationwasinitiated30yearsafter

development.Consequently,nopre-industrialbaselineexistsuponwhichcurrentriversediment

qualitycanbecompared.Thissituationisfurthercomplicated,becausetheAthabascaRiverflows

throughthenaturallybitumen-richMcMurrayFormation,whereriverbankerosionand

groundwatermixingprovidenaturalinputsofcontaminantstotheAthabascaRiver.This

underminesanabilitytodeterminetherelativeimportanceofcontaminantssuppliedbynatural

versusindustrialprocessestonearbyaquaticenvironments.Myprojectwillfocusoncharacterizing

metalconcentrationsdepositedviatheAthabascaRiverinflood-pronelakeslocatedupstream(2-

85km)anddownstream(3-20km)ofcentraloilsandsoperationsbeforeandsincetheonsetofoil

sandsdevelopment.Floodplainlakesprovideauniquearchiveofrivercontaminantconcentrations

overtime.Myresearchwillassesstheconcentrationsofprioritymetalsofconcernintheoilsands

region(includingBe,Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb,Ni,V,andZn)inasetoflakesfloodedbytheAthabascaRiver.

Elevatedconcentrationsofthesemetalsweredetectedinsnowpackandriverwaternearoilsands

operations(Kellyetal.,2010.PNAS,107(37),16178-16183).Wewilldetermineabaselineofconcentrationsforthesemetalsandassessthetemporalrecordforevidenceofpollutioninrecent

decades.

Title:TheKa’a’geeTuAtlas:Community-basedmonitoringoflandscapechangeinKakisa,NT

KaitlinKok,MastersofEnvironmentalStudies,WilfridLaurierUniversityKeywords:Community

BasedMonitoring,ParticipatoryActionResearch,traditionalecologicalknowledge,decisionmaking

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TheremotecommunityofKakisa,NT,situatedsouthwestofYellowknife,hasexperiencedagreat

dealofchangeamongstthecommunity’ssurroundingland.Asthecommunityishighlydependent

andconnectedtothelandfortheirwell-being,theenvironmentalchangeswhichhavebeennoted

bycommunitymembershavecreatedconcernregardingtheirabilitytocontinuetraditionalways

ofliving.TheaimofthisprojectistoworkcollaborativelywiththeKa’a’geeTuFirstNation(KTFN)

todocumentandtracktheongoingchangestotheirsurroundinglandthroughtheuseof

communitybased-monitoringmethods.Methodssuchascollectingphotographsandconducting

semi-structuredinterviewswillbestoredwithinaweb-enabledmappingsystemasawayto

visualizethehistoryofKakisa’sIndigenousknowledgeandalsoasawaytomonitorfuture

environmentalchange.Thissystemwillalsobeausefulandimportanttooltolandusersasawayto

enhancecommunitymember’ssafetyontheland,butalsotoresearchersandregionaldecision-

makerstobuildcapacityforfuturemonitoringstudies.

Addressingcomplexityusingmultiscalescenarioanalysis:Anoverviewandfutureagenda

forCanada’senergyscenarios

JudeHerijadiKurniawan(Presenter),VanessaSchweizer-UniversityofWaterlooAbstract:Energyfuturesareclearlyanimportantelementinpolicy-anddecision-makingactivities,

howeverunderstandingtheimplicationsofglobalenergyscenariosatthenationallevelis

challengingbecauseassumptionsandmodelsdevelopedforglobalanalysesarenotnecessarily

appropriateforthelocalcontext.Fortunately,recentdevelopmentsinthefieldofforecastingin

energyandclimatechangeresearchopennewpossibilitiesforconceptualizingalternativefutures

thatarecomplex,meaningthattheyincludedetailsrelevantfordifferentsectorsandscales.This

developmentiscriticalinmanagingintentionaltransitionstowardanaffordableandsustainable

path.Ithasbeenrecognizedthatadangerofshort-term,piecemealapproachestoenergy

transitionsisthattheymaycausepath-dependenciesthatjeopardizelong-termsuccess.A

federationlikeCanadaneedstoespeciallywaryofthis,asjurisdictionalpowersaredivided

amongstthenationalgovernment,provinces,andmunicipalities.Theresearchobjectiveistopilot

anapproachtoco-createlow-carbonenergyfuturesusingaparticipatorymethodforscenario

planningbasedonamultiscalescenarioframework(i.e.SharedSocioeconomicPathways).This

researchemploysasystematicyetflexiblescenariomethodologycalledthecross-impactbalances

(CIB)anditsvariant,calledthelinked-CIBformultiscalescenarioanalysis.Thisresearchproject

offersasystematicexplorationofuncertaintiesoverabroaderspectrum(social/technical,

global/local).

Gatedcommunities,equity,andspatialfragmentationinGreaterAccra,Ghana

EmmanuelKyeremeh;HansonNyantakyi-Frimpong;GodwinArku

Abstract

Thepast15yearshavewitnessedaphenomenalgrowthinthenumberofgatedcommunitiesin

Ghana.Currently,thecountryhasclosetotwo-hundredregisteredgatedcommunities,ofwhich

approximately80%areinAccra,thenationalcapital.Drawingempiricalevidencefromselected

geographicallydistinctneighbourhoods,thispaperinvestigatestheform,functions,aswellas

residents’assessmentoflivingingatedcommunities.Itfurtherassessesthemainfactorsthatdraw

peopletoliveingatedresidentialneighbourhoods.Thestudywascarriedoutinearly2016through

arandomsurveyofgatedcommunityresidentsintheAccra-Temacityregion.Whiletheexisting

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scholarshipattributesthegrowthingatedcommunitiestourbancrimelevels,wefindthatitis

ratherprestigethatdrawspeopletoliveinsuchneighbourhoods.Further,ourempiricalfindings

showthatthesegatedsettlementsraiseseriousconcernswithrespecttospatialfragmentationand

socialexclusionofthepoorestsegmentoftheurbanpopulation.Weconcludebyhighlightingwhat

thesefindingsmeanfordevelopmentplanningandsocialjusticeinurbanspaces.

Keywords:Neighbourhoodenclosure;Gatedcommunities;equity;spatialfragmentation;Ghana

LandOwnershipandHIVTestingamongMarriedWomeninNigeria

EmmanuelK.Kyeremeh1*,YujiroSano2,RogerAntabe3andJosephA.Braimah3

1- DepartmentofGeography,WesternUniversity,LondonCanada2- DepartmentofSociology,WesternUniversity,LondonCanada3- EnvironmentalHazardsandHealthLab,DepartmentofGeography,WesternUniversity,

LondonCanada

Abstract

Althoughithasbeenreportedthatmarriedwomenaredisproportionallyvulnerablecomparedto

highriskgroupsinNigeriasuchascommercialsexworkers,injectingdrugusers,andmenhaving

sexwithmen,onlyonequarterofmarriedwomenhavetestedforHIVserostatus.Althoughfactors

associatedwiththeuptakeofHIVtestinghavebeenwell-documented,itsassociationtowomen’s

landownershiphasbeenlargelymissinginsub-SaharanAfricaincludingNigeria.Drawingdata

fromthe2013NigeriaDemographicandHealthSurveyandapplyingthelogisticregression

technique,weexaminedtheimpactofmarriedwomen’slandownershipontestingforHIV,while

controllingfordemographic,behavioural,andsocioeconomicfactors.Wefoundthatland

ownershipamongmarriedwomenispositivelycorrelatedwithHIVtesting.Furthermore,women

withadequateknowledgeofHIVtransmissionandknowingsomeonewhodiedfromHIVwere

associatedwithHIVtesting.Wealsofoundthatricherandmoreeducatedmarriedwomenwere

morelikelytohavetestedforHIVcomparedwiththeirpoorerandlesseducatedcounterparts.

Basedonthesefindings,wesuggestmoregovernmentalinterventionsineradicatingsocialand

customarybarriersthatinhibitswomen’sownershipofresourcessuchasland.

KeyWords:HIV/AIDS;Nigeria;Landownership;Sero-status;DemographicandHealthSurvey

“Iwanttodevelopmyself,andmyvillage”:ACommunityApproachtoEducationintheLuang

PrabangRegion,Laos

Langill,JenniferC.

MAStudentinHumanGeography,UniversityofTorontoResearchconductedasBAHStudentinGlobalDevelopmentStudies,Queen’sUniversity

Email:jennifer.langill@mail.utoronto.ca

Phone:647-636-7871

Abstract

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ThisstudyseekstounderstandthelivesofruralstudentswhomovedtoLuangPrabangtopursue

theireducation.ItattemptstofilloneofthemanygapsintheliteratureabouttheLaoP.D.R.andin

particularqualitativeunderstandingofeducation.Twelveparticipantsfromruralareaswhowere

studyinginthetownwereinterviewedabouttheirexperiencesandperspectivesabouteducation

andlivinginanurbanarea.Thispresentationofferstheresultsofthisresearch,basedupondirect

translationsofparticipantquotations.Theprimaryfindingwasastrongconnectionbetween

communityandeducation.Thiswasobservedthroughthreephasesofeducation:Thecommunity

efforttopursueeducation,acommunalatmosphereduringstudiesinthetown,anddesiresto

benefitthecommunitywithone’sformaleducation.Theresultsalsoindicatedanassumptionofthe

inherentvalueofeducation,sacrificesforeducation,andalowqualityofeducation.Thefindings

illustratethecommitmentoftheparticipantsandtheircommunitytotheirformaleducation.This

presentationconsiderstheseresultsinthebroadereducationliterature,byquestioningthe

intrinsicvalueofeducationandconsideringalternativeeducationandeducationbeyondschooling.

Itconcludesthattheeducationsystemandexperiencesofstudentsmovingtourbanareasfor

educationinLaosisveryunique,particularlytheinterpretedcommunityapproachtoeducation.

ThepresentationclosesbyofferingsuggestionsforfurtherresearchoneducationandtheLao

P.D.R.

Keywords

LaoPDR–EducationforDevelopment–CommunityObligation–StudentLiving

Acknowledgements

ThisresearchwassupervisedbyDr.VilliaM.Jefremovas.

20YearsLater-Evolutionor(De)EvolutionofOntarioGreatLakesShorelineManagement

Plans,1995-2015:ACaseStudyofElginCounty.

PatrickLawrence,DepartmentofGeographyandPlanning,UniversityofToledo,OH

patrick.lawrence@utoledo.edu(&UWGeographyAlumnus,BES1989,PhD1996)

In1995thefirstpoliciesandprogramsleadingtothedevelopmentofOntario-GreatLakes

ShorelineManagementPlans(SMPs)wereimplementedbytheProvinceofOntarioviadeliveryby

theMinistryofNaturalResources(MNR).Inthesubsequentyearsnumerousplanswerecompleted

byConservationAuthorities(CAs)orMNRDistrictOfficescoveringlargesectionsoftheGreatLakes

shorelinewithintheProvinceandvarioustechnicalandpolicysupportguidelinesand

requirementsweredevelopmentandutilized.From1989-1993variousCAscompletedSMPsthat

coveredtheLakeErieshorelinewithinElginCounty.Withinthoseplansovertwodecadesold,and

withrecentchangestotheElginCounty(EC)OfficialPlanin2012,aSMPspecifictoElginCounty

wasundertakenandcompletedin2015.Thispaperreviewsthemajormanagementandplanning

conceptsandcomponentsinthe2015ECSMPinreferencetotheroleandimpactofbroader

ecosystemplanning,integratedcoastalmanagement,andconservationprinciplesthathave

emergedoverthelast20yearsandinfluencedcoastalmanagementandplanningworldwide.The

intentistoaskwhetherthe2015plantrulyreflectsthoseidealsandwhetherthepasttwodecades

havetrulyseenimprovementsandadvancementsinthethinkingandapplicationofplanning

innovationsorwhetherlittleifanysuchprogresshasbeenmade.

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Environmentalmanagement,planning,GreatLakes,waterresources

Title:Assessingtheimpactsandperceptionsofsmartgridinterventionsonsuburbanresidential

energyculture

Submissiontype:Oralpaperpresentation

Authors:Lazowski,B.,Parker,P.(DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,

UniversityofWaterloo)andRowlands,I.H.(SchoolofEnvironment,ResourcesandSustainability,

UniversityofWaterloo)

Keywords:Demandsidemanagement(DSM);Intervention;Smartgrid;Energycultures

Abstract:

Smartgridengagementtools(e.g.,webportal,reminders)areimportanttoreduceresidential

electricityconsumption,butwhicharethemosteffectivetoachieveresidentialconservation

culture?Insightsforsmartgridpolicyandprogramdevelopmentareidentifiedfromaqualitative

analysisofaresidentialsmartgridprojectinasuburbofToronto,Canada.Severalproject

interventionswereimplementedoverthreeyears.Insightsgatheredfromthiscasestudywere

appliedtoStephensonetal.’s(2010)EnergyCulturesframework,toidentifyfactorsinfluencinga

residential‘smart’energyculture.Structuredqualitativeinterviewsevaluatedtheinterventions’

impactsonparticipants’cognitivenorms(attitudes,awareness,motivationsandbarrierstowards

conservation),materialculture(technicalchanges)andenergypractices(conservationactions).

Interventionsparticipantsperceivedas‘effective’forshiftingenergyculturearethefocusofthis

study,including:thewebportal,reminderemails,webinars,incentivizedcontrolprogramand

weeklyelectricityreports.Increasesinself-reportedawarenessandactionlevelswereaccounted

for,withthewebportalandweeklynewslettercausingthesechanges.Futuresmartgridpolicyand

programscouldbenefitfromprivateandcomparativefeedbackthroughwebportalandnewsletter

feedbacktools.Withlifestyleandconveniencehighlightedassignificantconservationbarriers,

user-friendlyengagementthroughmobileapplicationsaccessibleonmultipledeviceswere

identifiedaskeydirectionsforfutureprojects.

Abstract:

Title:Re-examinationoftheSempleandPhippsmodelofthedispersionofcorporate

headquarters

Presenters:MartinRLefebvreandGrantLMorin

Thedispersionofcorporateheadquartersisararelydiscussedtopicwithineconomicgeography.

Thispaperreturnstothisareawithare-examinationofthehighlycitedSempleandPhippsmodel

ofthedispersionofcorporateheadquarters.AccesstoadditionaldatafromMoody’sbusiness

annualof1920and1930,aswellasCompustatpubliclytradedfirmdatafortheperiod1950to

2015.AsphericalapplicationofRipley’sKasdescribedbyRobeson,Li,andHuang(2015)multi

range-bandinsightintotheclusteringanddiffusionofheadquarters.Furtherexaminationofthe

newdataprovidesinsightmorealignedtothatoftheTaaffe,Morell,andGouldmodelof

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transportationdevelopment.

Affiliation:UniversityofWesternOntario

KeyWords:Corporateheadquarters,ClusterAnalysis,SpatialAnalysis,UnitedStates

StatisticalDownscalingFutureSoilTemperatureataNorthernAirportinQuebec

AndrewC.W.Leung1,TanzinaMohsin1,WilliamA.Gough1� 1ClimateLaboratory,DepartmentofPhysical&EnvironmentalSciences,UniversityofTorontoScarborough

WithArcticregionbeingoneoftheareasexperiencingfastestwarmingintheworld,weseekto

determinethelongtermtrendsandfutureprojectionsofsoiltemperatureinnorthernCanada.

Using28yearsofsoiltemperaturefrom5cmto150cmdepthatKuujjuaq,Quebec,weidentifieda

significantwarmingrateofapproximately0.9oCperdecadeat5cmsoildepthfrom1967to1995.

Wethenusedstatisticaldownscalingsoftware(SDSM)toassessifitcanbeappliedtoprojectfuture

soiltemperature,afirstforthissoftwaretobeusedonsubterrainprocesses.Wefoundthatthe

softwarewasabletoreasonablyprojectmeanand,toaslightlylesserextent,minimumsoil

temperaturebutnotasaccuratelyformaximumsoiltemperature.Thismaystemfromthesoftware

beingdesignedandcalibratedforweatherconditionsabovesurface.Thevariationoftemperature

reducesbelowsurfaceduetosoilandsnow.Thefuturesoiltemperaturewasprojectedupto2100.

Weevaluatetheimpactsofsoiltemperaturechangeonairportoperationssuchasthevulnerability

ofterminalsbuiltontopofthepermafrostandcapabilitytohandleheavyaircraftduetoreduced

structuralstrengthoficeunderneath.

Keywords:climatechangeimpacts,aviation,modelling,downscaling

Title:Theimportanceofuser’sperceptionsofrecreationalanddrinkingwaterinpromoting

sustainablewaterresourcesmanagement:�AcasestudyoftworuralwatertownshipsineasternChina

Li,SabrinaandElliott,SusanJ.(DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,

UniversityofWaterloo)

Despitenotableeconomicbenefits,rapidtourismexpansionindevelopingcountriescanhave

adverseenvironmentalimpacts,suchasthedeteriorationofwaterresourcesandwaterquality.

Thiscallsfortheincreasingneedofsustainablepracticesinwatermanagementtomitigatethe

depletionofwaterresources.Publicperceptionofwaterconsumption,waterquality,andthe

impactsoftourismonwaterqualityareimportantfactorstoconsiderwhenevaluatingwater

sustainability.Inthisstudy,atotalof274participants(residents,tourists,andlocalbusiness

vendors)fromtwowatertownships,HongcunandZhouzhuang,weresurveyed.Resultsshowthata

significantnumberofparticipantsfrombothtownshipsagreethatwaterconsumptionhas

increasedwhilewaterqualityhasdeclinedinrecentyears.However,theimpactsoftourismon

waterqualityarenotclearamongtheresidentsinHongcun.Despitethelackofasewersystem,

someofHongcun’sresidentsstillretrievedrinkingwaterfromthevillagecanals,whichis

susceptibletocontaminationfrompaint,detergent,andcookingoil.Ontheotherhand,

Zhouzhuang’sincreasingdevelopmentintourisminfrastructurehasoutpacedtheexpansionofits

sewernetwork,whichmayleadtosubsequentproblemsinbothrecreationalanddrinkingwater

quality.Duetovaryinggeographies,economies,andsocialenvironments,HongcunandZhouzhuang

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haveinherentlydifferentwatermanagementpractices.Tourists,residents,andbusinessesshould

bemadeawareoftheimpactsoftourismonlocalwaterquality,andtheirroleinprotectingwater

qualitytopreservetheculturalauthenticityofthesetownships.

Keywords:recreationalwater,ruraltourism,sustainability,China

LettheLessonsFlow:TransformingHardshipsintheFieldintoaNewResearcherSkillset

Author:DanielleLindamood

Whenscientiststrytounderstandsocialandenvironmentalchangeinacountryforeigntothem,

theyencountersurprisesandchallenges.IwenttoIndiaformyfieldworktobetterunderstandhow

wecanachievegoalslikeuniversalaccesstocleanwaterandsanitation.Withmyhomebasein

Bangalore,Karnataka,India,Iconductedsemi-structuredinterviewsandfocusgroupswitharange

ofpeopleincommunities,theNGOsector,government,andacademia.Duringmyworkwiththese

diversegroups,Icameacrossavarietyofpolitical,cultural,economic,andsociallandscapes.My

fieldworkyieldedimportantinsightsintotheeffectivenessofwatergovernanceanditsmechanisms

inIndia.However,duringthedifferentstagesofthiswork,numerousunexpecteddevelopments

emergedandthreatenedtoderailmyresearchandpersonalwellbeing.Throughovercomingthese

unexpectedchallenges(e.g.,adaptingtochangesinresearchdesign,navigatinggenderrelationsina

newculturalcontext),Ilearnedtheimportanceofmynetwork,myworldview,andthevalueof

engaginginqualitativeresearch.Mostofall,Ilearnedthefieldisagreatteacherforthoseequipped

withtherightskillstosurvive.

ShouldDriverlessCarsStillNeedRoadMaps?

LingfeiMa,MScStudent,l53ma@uwaterloo.ca

JonathanLi*,Professor,junli@uwaterloo.ca

SimonH.Zhao,MScStudent,h224zhao@uwaterloo.ca

WatMosGroup,DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement

FacultyofEnvironment,UniversityofWaterloo

200UniversityAvenueWest,Waterloo,OntarioN2L3G1

ABSTRACT

Multiplesensorsonboardcarshelpthemnavigatelanesandpreventcrashingintovehiclesinfront,

buttheyarestillpronetoerrors.Theycannotalwaysdealwithcomplexroadpatterns,likewhich

lanethecarshouldtaketoexitahighway.Assuch,driverlesscarsstillhavetorelyonroadmaps,

butin3Dwithmuchmoredetailsthanthatoftoday’snavigationmaps.Onlyacombinationofsuch

3Dmapsandonboardsensorscouldhelpdriverlesscarsnavigatemulti-lanehighwaysandbusy

junctionsmoreaccurately.Whatkindoftechnologycouldmapthelayoutandinclinationofroadsin

3Drapidlyandaccuratelyandcollectdetailslikelocationsofroadsigns,trafficlightsand

pedestriancrossingsinthecomplexroadenvironment?Thisposterpresentsdriverlesscars’

requirementson3Dhigh-definitionroadmaps,followedbydemonstratingthepotentialofa

vehicle-bornemobilelaserscanning(oramobileLiDAR)systemtomakesuch3Dmaps.High-

density(c.a.6000points/m²)pointcloudswereacquiredinXiamen,ChinabyaRIEGLVMX-450

systemandusedinthisstudy.Ourpreliminaryresultsdemonstratedthattheroadedgescouldbe

automaticallyextractedandtheroadsurfacemarkingscouldbeaccuratelyclassifiedfromthepoint

clouddata.Quantitativeevaluationsindicatedthatroadboundariescanbeextractedwith

completeness,correctness,qualityof0.95,0.98,0.94,andthatroadmarkingsbeclassifiedwith

completeness,correctness,andF-measureof0.93,0.92,and0.93,respectively.Ourstudyapproved

thatmobileLiDARisaverypowerfultooltomapCanada’smillionkilometresofhighways.

92

Keywords:driverlesscars,mobileLiDAR,pointclouds,3Droadmaps.

SusceptibilityandRiskAssessmentofEarthquake-inducedLandslidesUsingAnUAV-based

Approach

RuiLIU*¹²,VisitingScholar,lsjlr@163.com

SaiedPirasteh²,PhDstudent,s2pirast@uwaterloo.ca

JonathanLi²,Professor,junli@uwaterloo.ca

¹StateKeyLaboratoryofGeohazardPreventionandGeoenvironmentProtection

CollegeofGeophysics,ChengduUniversityofTechnology

Chengdu,Sichuan610059,China

²WatMosGroup,DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement

FacultyofEnvironment,UniversityofWaterloo

200UniversityAvenueWest,Waterloo,OntarioN2L3G1

ABSTRACT

AMS7.0earthquakeoccurredonApril20,2013inLushanCounty,SichuanProvinceofChina.This

earthquake triggered a largenumberof landslides.High-spatial-resolution imageswere acquired

by an Unmanned Airborne Vehicle (UAV) to investigate earthquake-induced landslides after the

hazardhappened.Thisposterpresentsthreemodels(logisticregression,supportvectormachine,

random forest) that were used to study the rule of susceptibility distribution of earthquakes-

induced landslides. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve and ratio

wereusedinevaluatingthemodels’accuracyandassessingthesusceptibility.Ourstudyrevealed

that the random forestmodel has thehighest ratio (2.07) as compared to the logistic regression

(1.78)andsupportvectormachine(1.90).Theresultsshowthattherandomforestmodelhasthe

bestperformanceinthesusceptibilityassessmentofearthquake-inducedlandslidesintheLushan

area.

Keywords:landslide,randomforest,logisticregression,supportvectormachine,receiver-

operatingcharacteristiccurve.

AssessmentofCultivatedLandPressureStatusinChina

XiaofangLiu1,MEStudent,2489731998@qq.com

YajieZhang*1,2,AssociateProfessorandVisitingScholar,yj-zhang@whu.edu.cn

JonathanLi2,Professor,junli@uwaterloo.ca

LingfeiMa2,MScStudent,l53ma@uwaterloo.ca

1SchoolofResourceandEnvironmentalSciences,WuhanUniversity

129LuoyuRoad,Wuhan430079,China

2WatMosGroup,DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement

FacultyofEnvironment,UniversityofWaterloo

200UniversityAvenueWest,Waterloo,OntarioN2L3G1

ABSTRACT

93

Due to large population and unevenly distribution of productive resources, the relationship

between population and food varies in different regions in China. It is very useful to conduct a

research of cultivated land pressure distribution within the Chinese territory. Most of existing

studies about cultivated land pressure focused on the small range and short time span, which

cannotmeettherequirementforpolicy-makerstograspthewholeviewofcultivatedlandqualityat

thenationallevel.Thechangeofcultivatedlandpressureindexcanquantitativelyreflecttheearing

capacityofresourcesandthelargestpopulationwithinthenationalandprovincialadministrative

regions. In this poster, according to the cultivated land pressure index model presented by Cai

(2002), statistical data such as population, food production, and arable land areas from 1978 to

2012inChinawerecollected.Then,quantitativeanalysisandqualitativeanalysiswereconducted

tocalculatecultivatedlandpressureindexfrom1978to2012toanalyzechangetrendandrevealed

influence factors of cultivated land pressure index. Additionally, this poster indicated spatial

differentiation characteristics and regularity in terms of resources endowment, agricultural

resources, production conditions, social and economic development status by using system

clustering analysis method, which can be helpful to policy-makers for land use planning and

cultivatedlandprotectioninfuture.

Keywords:cultivatedland,pressureindex,systemclusteringanalysis,landuse.

Investigatinggrasslandpropertiesusinghelicopter-acquiredhigh-spatialresolution

hyperspectralimagery

BingLu,CameronProctor,YuhongHe

DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofTorontoMississauga

3359MississaugaRoad,Mississauga,ON,L5L1C6

Grasslandbiochemicalandbiophysicalproperties(e.g.,chlorophyllcontent,leafareaindex(LAI))

areessentialparametersforquantifyingthephysiologicalstatusofvegetation.Remotesensing

technologyprovidesanefficientapproachtoinvestigatethespatio-temporalvariationsofthese

properties.However,applicationsofremotesensingimageryforestimatingvegetation

propertiesareoftenlimitedbyitsspatialandspectralresolution.Forinstance,imagerywithlow

spatialresolution(e.g.,decameters)isincapableofdetectingspecies-level(e.g.,decimeters)

grasslandpropertiessincegrassesaregenerallysmallinsizeanddifferentspeciesarehighlymixed.

Similarly,imagerywithlowspectralresolution(i.e.,withafewbands)istechnicallyincapablefor

measuringdiscretespectralfeaturesoccurringinanarrowwavelengthrangethatarecriticalfor

investigatingvegetationproperties.Yet,acquiringimagerywithbothhighspatialandhighspectral

resolutionischallenginggiventhetechnicalcomplexityandfinancialcosts.Thisstudyexploredthe

useofahyperspectralsensor(HeadwallPhotonics,Fitchburg,USA)mountedona

helicopter(FourseasonsAviation,Toronto,Canada)fortheacquisitionofhigh-spatialresolution

hyperspectralimagery.Thehelicopterwasoperatedatapproximate200mabovegroundinatall

grasslandinOntarioandobtainedimagerywithaspatialresolutionofabout30cm.Theacquired

imagerywasfirstlyradiometricallyandgeometricallycorrected,andthenitsqualitywasevaluated

usinggroundmeasuredspectraldata.Afterthat,theimagerywasappliedtoestimategrassland

properties.Resultsindicatethatgrasslandproperties(e.g.LAI,chlorophyllcontent)canbe

accuratelyretrievedfromacquiredhyperspectralimageryandspatialvariationsoftheseproperties

werealsoinvestigated.

Keywords:grassland,remotesensing,hyperspectral,highspatialresolution.

94

Title:EvaluationofMunicipalGovernmentMobileApplicationsfor311ServiceRequests

Authors:QingLu(MScCandidate,DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,

UniversityofWaterloo),PeterJohnson(AssistantProfessor,DepartmentofGeographyand

EnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo)

Abstract:Citygovernmentsaroundtheworldareexpandingtheirwaysofconnectingtocitizensby

adoptingnewinformationandcommunicationtechnologies(ICT).311isoriginallyadirectcallline

that allows citizens to report issues and access non-emergencymunicipal services, andweb and

mobileapplicationshavebeendevelopedtocreateadditionalplatformsforcitizenstocontactthe

government. This paper characterizes the use ofmultiple 311 channels in the City of Edmonton,

Canada, including telephone, email,web form andmobile app. Three years of request datawere

analyzed by comparing relative share of service request for each channel and by extracting the

spatial patterns of the requests. A regression model was also built to explore the relationships

betweenchanneluseandsociodemographicvariables.Theanalysisresultsshowashiftinchannel

usagefromtraditionaltoInternet-enabledchannels,andthatspecificdigitalinequalitiesexistthat

reinforce this distinction between traditional and Internet-enabled channels. The paper also

presents results of interviews with six municipalities that provide multiple 311 channels.

Respondents compared different channels and indicated advantages and challenges of adopting

new channels from governments perspectives. It is concluded thatmobile appswith advantages

such as cost-efficiency have potentials tomove governments towards open government, but the

currentusageisstillatanearlystageandposeschallengestoplayabiggerrole.

Keywords:311service,mobilegovernment,opengovernment,digitaldivide

ExperiencesofCommunityGardensParticipantsinDifferentTypesofGardeningSpaces

AdrianLue–M.ACandidate,DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofToronto

Dr.TenleyConway,DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofToronto,Mississauga

Keywords:CommunityGardens,CommunityDevelopment,UrbanSustainability,UrbanGreening

Communitygardensprovideanumberofpersonal,social,andcommunitybenefitsforthemembers

thatattendthem.Traditionally,thesegardensarelocatedonplotsofgroundinparksoronvacant

landindowntowncoresaswellassuburbanneighborhoods.However,rooftopgardensare

becomingincreasinglypopularasalternativegardeningspacesinareaswhereurbandevelopment

hasconsumedviablegreenspace.Whilerooftopgardensholdthepotentialtoprovidebenefits

similartotraditionalon-the-groundcommunitygardens,itisuncleariftheexperiencesof

participantsarethesame,asnopreviousstudyhasexploredtheexperiencesofrooftopgardening

andstreetlevelcommunitygardenerssimultaneously.

Thisresearchprojectfocusesontheexperiencesofcommunitygardeningparticipantsinsuburban

MississaugaanddowntownToronto,includingbothstreetlevelandrooftopgardens.Written

surveysweredistributedtosevengardenstogaugethebenefits,concerns,andchallengesthat

participantsexperiencedintheirrespectivegardeningspaces.

ParticipantsinstreetlevelsuburbancommunitygardensinMississaugaidentifiedhobbyprovision,

socialengagementandaccesstohealthyfoodasprimarybenefitsofusingtheirgardeningspace.

ParticipantsinToronto’srooftopgardensexperiencedsimilarbenefits,butresponsesseemto

indicatethataspectsofurbanandenvironmentalsustainabilitywereimportantconsiderationsfor

theirinvolvementintheirrespectivegardens.Theseandothercomparisonsbetweengardens

experienceswillbepresentedandthebroaderimplicationsdiscussed

95

Title:UsingtheTeaBagIndextocharacterizedecompositionrateinrestoredpeatlands

MacDonald,E.,Gauthier,T.,Elliott,J.,Turmel-Courchesne,L.,Touchette,S.,Bieniada,A.,Saraswati,

S.,Engering,A.,Strack,M.(DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,University

ofWaterloo)

Decomposition,thebreakdownoforganicmaterial,isakeyprocessforrecyclingnutrients

withinanecosystem.Therateofdecompositionisstronglyregulatedbyenvironmentalconditions

suchastemperature,watercontentandsubstrateavailability.Peatlandscharacteristically

accumulateorganicmatterduetolowdecompositionrates,butpeatlanddisturbancealterslocal

physicochemicalconditionsoftenresultinginlossofsoilorganicmatterandemissionofCO2.While

restorationcanreturnpeataccumulatingfunction,traditionalmeasurementsofdecompositionare

timeconsuming.TheTeaBagIndexisasimplestandardizedmethodtomeasuredecomposition

ratesusingcommerciallyproducedgreenandrooibosteabags.Pairsof150teabagswereburiedat

peatlandsusedforpeatextractionanddisturbedbyoilsandextraction(formerwell-sites)in

northernAlberta,centralManitoba,andsouthernQuebec.Ateachsiterestorationactivitieshad

beenappliedandthisrestoredsitewascomparedtoundisturbedpeatlandandwhereavailable,

disturbed,unrestoredsites.Theteabagswereweighedbeforeandafterbeingburiedforthree

months.Soiltemperatureat5cm,10cm,andwatertabledatawascollectedfromMaytoAugust.

Comparisonofdecompositionratesamongalllocationsfoundnosignificantdifferencebetween

restored,unrestored,disturbedorundisturbedsites.However;comparisonwithinlocationsfound

astatisticallysignificantdifferencebetweenthedisturbedandundisturbedsitesincentral

Manitoba,butwasnotfoundtobesignificantfortheotherlocations.Thedatacollectedherewill

contributetoacollaborativeglobaldatasetofdecompositionratestomeasurethepotentialeffects

ofclimatechange.

Keywords:decomposition,peatlands,landscapemanagement

EvaluatingretrievalsofsoilmoisturefromC-BandSARtochangesinvegetationacrosstwo

growingseasons

JoshMacDougall,AaronBerg(Professor/Advisor-UniversityofGuelph),TracyRowlandson

(Researchscientist–UniversityofGuelph),ElenéUeckermann(MScCandidate–Universityof

Guelph),JenelleWhite(MScCandidate–UniversityofGuelph)

DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofGuelph,Guelph,ON

Keywords:RADARSAT-2,Agriculture,SoilMoisture

Soilmoistureestimatescanhaveasignificantroleinmonitoringandpredictingextremeevents

suchasdroughts.Ground-basedobservationsareusefulbutlackspatialdistribution.Numerous

studieshavedemonstratedtheabilitytoestimatesoilmoistureusingC-BandSAR.AtC-Band,the

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retrievalofsoilmoistureishighlyimpactedbyvegetationgrowth.Tounderstandtheapplicability

ofsoilmoistureretrievalsduringthegrowingseasonitisusefultodemonstratetheaccuracyofsoil

moistureestimatesrelativetovegetationparameters.

LAI and vegetation water content were monitored over several agricultural fields in 2015 and

2016.Soilmoisturewasmonitoredusinganin-situnetworkacrossthesamefields.RADARASAT-2

acquisitionsobtainedduringthegrowingseasonswereusedtoderiveasoilmoistureestimateat

thefieldscaleandwerecomparedtothenetworksites.Theestimatedsoilmoistureproductfrom

RADARSAT-2 did not show a discernible relationshipwith the observed soilmoisture. However,

manyoftheRADARSAT-2acquisitionsoccurredaftersignificantcanopydevelopment,whereithas

beenwelldocumentedthatretrievalerrorsincrease.ToassesssensitivityofRADARbackscatterto

vegetationgrowth,HV,HH,VVbackscatterwas compared to thevegetationparametersobtained

from each field. The strongest relationships between the vegetation parameters were observed

withHV.However,saturationofthebackscattersignaloccurredatapproximately2.5kgm-2VWC

and2.3m2m-2LAI.Thishighlights theneed to establish the relationshipbetween thebackscatter

and vegetation to determine when during the growing season RADARSAT-2 can be utilized for

accuratesoilmoistureretrieval.

TheEverydayHealthExperiencesofSouthSudaneseCanadiansinOttawa:AFeminist

PoliticalEcologyofHealthPerspective

KatieMacPherson,M.A.Candidate,GeographyandEnvironmentalStudies,CarletonUniversity

Amidstoneofthelongestcivilwarsinhistory,millionsofSudaneseandSouthSudanesehave

fledSudan,seekingrefugeinmanycountriesaroundtheworld.Currently,therearealmosttwenty

thousandoftheseimmigrantsandrefugeeslivinginCanada.Researchsuggeststhatdespiteaccess

tohealthcare,bothpsychologicalandphysicalhealthissuescontinuetomountwithintheSouth

Sudanesediaspora.However,researchinthisareaisstillscant,andespeciallyfailstoaccountfor

theuniqueexperiencesoftheSouthSudanese,andhowtheseexperiencesimpacthealth.Themain

goalofthisprojectistoexplorewhypoorhealthpersistsinthecontextoflifeinCanada,and

understandhowitmaybelinkedtotheexperienceofmigration.Withtheapplicationofafeminist

politicalecologyofhealthframeworkandtheuseoffocusgroupandsemi-structuredinterview

methods,thisprojectseekstoinvestigatetheeverydayexperiencesofSouthSudaneseCanadiansin

Ottawa,andtheirrelationtoexperiencesofhealth.Particularattentionispaidtopre-migration

experiences,migrationroutes,post-migrationstressors,andthegendereddimensionsofthese

experiences.

Keyconcepts:migration,health,gender,politicalecology

Title:Soilrewettingabilityonatransectofsoilorganiccarbonwithsandsoiltexture.

Author:HidaManns,TrentSchooloftheEnvironment,TrentUniversity,Peterborough,ON

hmanns@trentu.ca

Thelackofwaterretentionabilityinsandsoilsalsolimitstheirabilitytosustainsoilorganiccarbon

(SOC)limitingthechanceforarangeofSOCtobecomeestablished.AtransectofSOCwas

establishedfromarangeoflanduseonsubsoilsandoveranareaof50m2.Theareawascomposed

of3differencelandusesover25yearsresultingin;1)subsoilsandwithlightgrassvegetation,2)

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anareathathadbeentilledandenrichedwithfrequentcompostmulch25yearsagoandthenleftto

pasturefor10yearsand3)anareathatwasmulchedfortheprevious15yearsforvegetables

betweenrowsofnativegrasses.Soilsweresampledwithathetaprobemoisturesensorinthe

surface5cmat1mintervalsin3continuoustransects(~27samplepoints)forsoilwatercontent

(SWC)beforeandafter~1cmofrainfollowinghotdryweatherinJuly2016.Replicatesoilcores

weretakento10cmdepthineachareaforSOCmeasurement..SWC(v/v)wassignificantly

increased(p<0.001)inthecurrentgardenareacomparedtotheexistingandrestoredpastureat

bothsamplingtimes.ThechangeinSWCfollowingrainfall,averagedforeachofthe3areas,was

exponentiallyincreasedwithSOClevels(SWC=0.0107*SOC4.33,r2=1).Thisstudydemonstrates

howtheSOClevelchangeswithlandusemanagementandtheinfluenceofSOConthewater

holdingcapacityofsoil.

Keywords:Soilorganiccarbon,Soilwatercontent,sandsoiltexture,landusemanagement

RuralCommunityConflictandBiosolidFacilitySiting:Wherearewenow?

SarahMason-Renton1andIsaacLuginaah1

1. GeographyDepartment,UniversityofWesternOntario

Keywords:FacilitySiting;RuralGeography;SenseofPlace;WasteProcessing

When assessing techno-industrial developments it is important to consider how these industries

areaffectingresidents’emotionalgeographiesandchangingsenseofplace.Ruralcommunitiesare

changing as exurban residents in migrate with differing expectations than members of the

surrounding agricultural community and this is impacting residents’ response to potentially

noxioustechno-industrialdevelopments intheircommunitythatarealsoseenasbeingbeneficial

for the local agricultural economy. In the Township of Southgate, Ontario a regional biosolid

(sewage sludge) processing facility went through a hostile siting process in 2011 – 2012 and

becameoperationalin2013.Thisresearchexploresresidents’perceptionsofandresponsestothe

developmentofthisfacilityandbroaderchangesthathaveoccurredintheircommunity.Utilizing

in-depthinterviews,thispaperexaminesnarrativesaroundfeelingsof‘community’anddefinitions

of ‘rural’ in Southgate Township aswell as further examining the impacts experienced as fallout

from the contentious facility siting anddevelopment process andnow its operational stage. This

longitudinal work draws on theoretical constructs of rural sociology, sensual and emotional

geographiesandthepastoralrurallandscapeandissituatedwithinthewiderconceptualizationof

therisksociety.

AnOperationalWinterSeverityIndexforWinterHighwayMaintenanceinOntario,Canada

LindsayMatthews*

DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo,200University

AveWest,Waterloo,N2L3G1,Canada.

*CorrespondingauthorE-mail:lindsay.matthews@uwaterloo.ca

JeanAndrey

DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo,200University

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AveWest,Waterloo,N2L3G1,Canada.jandrey@uwaterloo.ca

IvanMinokhin

DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo,200University

AveWest,Waterloo,N2L3G1,Canada.iminokhi@uwaterloo.ca

MaxPerchanok

MaintenanceBranch,OntarioMinistryofTransportation,301StPaulStreet,St.Catharines,Ontario,

L2R3M8,Max.Perchanok@ontario.ca

ABSTRACT

Snowandicecontrolprogramsarecritical forthesafeandefficientuseofroadwaysinallwinter

climates. There is an increasing demand for tools that help road authorities to assess and

communicate snow and ice control programs. Winter severity indices (WSI) that measure the

severityofwinterweatherconditionsastheyrelatetoroadmaintenancepracticesareonetoolthat

hasbeengaining increasing interest. Thechallenge is todevelopaWSI thataccuratelyexplains

temporalandspatialvariationsinroadmaintenanceactivitiesacrossdiversegeographicareas.In

thispaper,amethodfordevelopingaprovince-wideWSIisdescribedusingacasestudyapproach

ontheprovincialhighwaysystemofOntario,Canada.Thismethodologycombinestheuseofexpert

knowledge and mathematical optimization to develop a WSI that assigns daily weather scores

basedoneightweathertriggersandonewarmweatheradjustment factor.Thesedailyscoresare

thenaggregatedtothe14-dayperiodandarecorrelatedtomaintenanceactivities,asmeasuredby

equipment hours.Whenmeasured as equipment hours, theWSI forOntario provincial highways

hasastrongfitwithmaintenanceactivitythatoccurred.Workingatthe14-daylevel,theR2values

for equipment-hours vary from 0.588 to 0.985 for the 20 maintenance areas over seven

maintenanceseasons.Attheprovinciallevel,fitimprovesfurthertobetween0.959and0.989over

sevenseasons.Thisstudydemonstratestheutilityofaprovince-wideWSIanddescribeshowaWSI

canbedevelopedforroadauthorities.

KEYWORDS

WinterSeverityIndex,WinterRoadMaintenance,Weather,TransportationPlanning

Author:AndrewMcCartan

Affiliation:BrockUniversity

Titleofpaper:PoliticsthatParty:ExaminingtwoalternativeLGBTPrideeventsinGlasgow

LGBTPrideeventsworldwidearedisruptivetotheheterosexualnormsconstitutingpublicspaceby

making visible LGBT people with their demands for political and social acknowledgment and

inclusion. While some LGBT people still view contemporary Pride events to be successfully

continuingthischallengetonormativeheterosexualexpectationsinpublicspace,thereareothers

whodonot. InGlasgow,queeractivist groupFreePride formed to createanalternativeevent to

Pride Glasgow’s annual festival for the last two years.While Pride Glasgow continues to use its

spacetochallengeheteronormativityinthewayitseesfit,thispaperarguesthatFreePrideismore

concerned with challenging the normativity present within Glasgow’s LGBT community. Seeing

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PrideGlasgow’seventasadepoliticizedversionofamoreradicalqueerpast,FreePrideworksto

createamoreinclusiveandpoliticaleventspace.Byfocusingoninterviewswiththekeyplayersin

FreePride, thispaperwillexaminehowthegroupcritiquesPrideGlasgow,andhowthis fits into

academicdiscussionsonhomonormativityandcommodification.Throughexamininghowthetwo

groups in Glasgowwork to constitute their Pride spaces in light of their understandings of how

spaceshouldbeusedtochallengenormativity,thispaperwillargueforamorefluidunderstanding

ofPrideeventsthatmovespastthediscursivebinaryofqueerassimilationandtransgression.

Keywords:queer,sexualities,festivals,publicspace

ExamininginitiativestoreintroduceIndigenouscultivationandmanagementpracticesin

State-ledparksandprotectedareas

By:SamanthaMcGee,JenniferJ.Silver,andRobinRoth(DepartmentofGeography,Universityof

Guelph)smcgee@uoguelph.ca

WithinBritishColumbia,therehasbeenarecentemergenceofnewparksandprotectedareas

undernewlyestablishedparkdesignationsbothfederallyandprovincially.Theseparksareleading

theimplementationofIndigenouscultivationandmanagementpracticescreatingopportunitiesfor

agencieslikeParksCanadaandBCParkstobetterbalanceecologicalmandateswithFirstNations

relationshipbuildingandreconciliation.However,thecreationofnewparkdesignationsraisesthe

questionofwhytheseinitiativescannotbeimplementedwithinexistingparkstructures.

Thisresearchexaminesthemotivationsandassociatedchallengesbehindculturalreintroduction

andreconstructionprojectswithinstate-ledparksandprotectedareasinBritishColumbiaand

analysestheimplementationandfuturepotentialoftheclamgardenreconstructionproject

currentlyoccurringinGulfIslandsNationalParkReserve(GINPR).Datawascollectedthrough

participantobservationandsemi-structuredinterviewswithParksCanadaandBCParksstaff

membersinvolvedinculturalreintroductionprojectsacrosscoastalparksandprotectedareasin

BC.

InitialfindingsshowthatoneofthekeymotivationsforreintroducingIndigenousmanagement

practicesistoproactivelyfacilitatethereturnofcommunitiestotheirtraditionalterritoriesaswell

astocatalyzethe(re)connectionbetweenFirstNationseldersandyouth.Participantsalsostated

thattheseinitiativeshelptomeettheecologicalintegritymandatesoftheirparks,creatingboth

socialandconservationbenefits.However,intervieweessuggestedthatthestructureofthePark(s)

ActatthefederalandprovinciallevelmaylimitthefurtherimplementationofIndigenous

cultivationandharvestingpracticeswithinstate-ledparksandprotectedareas.

Keywords:State-ledparks,Conservation,FirstNationsmanagementpractices,Park(s)Act

Effectofbiocharonsoilhealth,greenhousegasemissionsand

climatechangeresilience

Mechler,M.A.,Oelberman,M.(DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmental

Management,UniversityofWaterloo)

Abstract:

Whilebiocharasasoilamendmentisnotanovelconcept,theadditionofbiocharintotemperate

agriculturalsoilsrepresentsarelativelynewterritory.Biocharissimplycharcoaladdedtosoilwith

thepurposeofretainingandmakingmoistureandnutrientsaccessibletoplants,storingcarbon,

andincreasingsurfaceareafornutrientexchangeandmicrobialgrowth(Koide,Petprakob,&

Peoples,2011).Thisprojectaimstoinvestigatenutrientandbiocharregimesinatraditional

temperateagriculturalsetting.Thisproject,locatedinHuronCounty,iscurrentlythelargestlong-

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termcommercialfarmingbiocharfieldtrialanddemonstrationsiteinOntario.

Threedifferingtreatmentshavebeenimplemented,andreplicated3timeseach.Eachrandomly

placedreplicateiscarriedoutina10x10mplotwitha1mbufferfromtheborderanda3mborder

betweenplots.Thefirsttreatmentconsistsofpoultrymanuresourcedfromthefarm(6t/ha)and

commercialnitrogenfertilizer(urea)(135kg/ha).Thesecondtreatmentconsistsofthesame

manure(3t/ha)andbiochar(woodsourcematerial)(3t/ha).Thefinaltreatmentconsistsofmanure

(3t/ha),commercialfertilizer(urea)(135kg/ha),andbiochar(3t/ha).Thechickens,fromwhichthe

manureissourced,havebeenfeda~1%charcoalfeed.Therefore,themanureoffersasourceof

nutrientsaturatedbiochar.Dataispresentlybeingcollectedandanalyzedtoassesstheeffectof

biocharonnutrientlevels,soilhealth(physicalandecological),greenhousegasemissions,and

long-termsoilcarbonalterations.Thehopeisthatthesefindingmightinformfarmersofnew

economicopportunities.(245words).

KeyWords:Biochar,CarbonStorage,SoilHealth,GreenhouseGasEmissions,SoilAmendment

Koide,R.T.,Petprakob,K.,&Peoples,M.(2011).Quantitativeanalysisof

biocharinfieldsoil.SoilBiologyandBiochemistry,43(7),1563–1568.

doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.04.006

UseofphotosyntheticpigmentstotrackhydroecologicalconditionsoflakesinthePeace-

AthabascaDelta,afloodplaindownstreamofmajorenergyprojects

EvaMehler1,CaseyRemmer1,RolandI.Hall1,BrentB.Wolfe2,JoshuaThienpont3&JulesBlais31DepartmentofBiology,UniversityofWaterloo,Waterloo,ON2DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalStudies,WilfridLaurierUniversity,Waterloo,ON3DepartmentofBiology,UniversityofOttawa,Ottawa,ONThePeace-AthabascaDelta (PAD), located in northeasternAlberta, Canada, is theworld’s largest

inland freshwater boreal delta and is internationally renowned for its high ecological value und

cultural significance. It consists of numerous shallow lakes that provide important habitat for a

variety of flora and fauna. This ecosystem has been increasingly exposed to various potential

anthropogenic stressors, such as climate change, hydroelectric development and oilsands

production.Thecumulativeeffectsofthesestressorshavethepotentialtoalterthenaturalstateof

the delta’s aquatic ecosystems. As part of developing an innovative long-term hydroecological

monitoringprogramforlakesinthePAD,weareusingperiphyticalgalpigmentstotrackchangesin

ecologicalstatus.Inspring2015and2016,wedeployedartificialsubstratesamplersforone-month

duration in 62 strategically selected lakes that span the hydroecological gradients of the delta.

PigmentswillbequantifiedusingHighPerformanceLiquidChromatography(HPLC)andrelations

will be exploredwith lake hydrology (water isotope composition), water physico-chemistry and

contaminant concentrations (metals, PAHs) using multivariate approaches. Results will be

communicated tomultiple stakeholders including Parks Canada, First Nations community-based

monitoringprograms,federalandprovincialgovernmentagenciesandindustry.

Keywords:periphyticalgalpigments,biomonitoring,highperformanceliquidchromatography(HPLC),lakeecologicalcondition

TitleofthePaper:BarrierstoRenewableEnergyDevelopmentinNewfoundlandandLabrador:A

CaseStudyofWindEnergyApplyingthe‘AKTESP’AnalyticalFramework

NickMercer

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DivisionofSocialScienceGrenfellCampus,MemorialUniversityofNewfoundland

AffiliationoftheAuthor:DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,University

ofWaterloo,n2mercer@uwaterloo.ca

Abstract:Despite vast research on the need to transition to renewable energy (RE), fossil fuels

remain theworld’s primary energy source. This study contributes to the energy transition (ET)

literaturebyidentifyingbarrierstoREdevelopmentinNewfoundlandandLabrador(NL).Applying

Trudgill’s‘AKTESP’analyticalframework,thestudyasked:inaprovincialcontext,(1)whatbarriers

existtowindenergydevelopment(W.E.D),(2)whatarethepotentialbenefitsofW.E.D,(3)based

on barriers identified, which policy measures would facilitate ET? Seventeen expert interviews

were conducted and content analysis was applied using NVIVO software. A large majority of

respondents (65%) classified the current state of W.E.D in NL as ‘unfavourable’. The most

frequently reported barriers were political (71% of respondents), economic (65%), and

knowledge-related(53%).PotentialbenefitsofW.E.Dwereeconomic,environmental,andsocietal

in nature. Based on the findings, an ET framework was developed, consisting of seven policy

recommendations.

Keywords:renewableenergy,barriers,transition,policy,NewfoundlandandLabrador

Title:GoverningthePhoenixIslandsProtectedArea:ThePoliticsofDecision-Making

Author:Mitchell,Lillian

Affiliation:DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofGuelph

Largemarineprotectedareas(LMPAs)greaterthan100,000km2haverecentlyproliferatedasa

meansofoceanconservation.Somescholarsattributethisproliferationtothedesireofstatesto

meettheConventiononBiologicalDiversityAichiTarget11ofprotecting10%oftheoceanby

2020.However,Target11alsocallsforprotectedareastobeeffectivelyandequitablymanaged.

WhilethegovernanceprocessesofsmallerMPAshavebeenwelldefined,LMPAsareuniqueinboth

formandfunctionandlessisknownabouthowtogovernthemeffectively.Inattendingtothisgap,

thisresearchexploresthegovernanceofLMPAsthroughacasestudyanalysisofthePhoenix

IslandsProtectedArea(PIPA)inKiribati,oneoftheoldestestablishedLMPAs.Interviewswere

conductedinsummer2016with45actorswhohaveknowledgeofPIPA’sgovernancestructureand

itsoutcomes.

Preliminaryfindingsrevealtwokeythemes.First,despiteacollaborativegovernancestructurein

whichtheLMPAisjointlygovernedbythegovernmentandinternationalpartners,therehasbeena

perceivedlackofparticipationinKiribati.Second,arecentelectionhasledtoquestionsregarding

PIPA’s‘unfulfilledpromises’ofsocialandeconomicbenefits.PopularlycalledKiribati’s“giftto

humanity”,PIPAwasexpectedtospurinternationalactiononclimatechangeandgeneraterevenue

forthepeopleofKiribati.However,afteroveradecadethelocalperceptionisthatwhilePIPAhas

beencelebratedasasuccessforconservation,ithasnotbeenasocialsuccess.

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Keywords:largemarineprotectedareas,Kiribati,PhoenixIslands,oceansgovernance.

The use of military technologies along the US-Mexico border: the dehumanization of

undocumentedmigrants.

Monica Socorro Romero Meza (Department of Geography and Environmental Studies,

WilfridLaurierUniversity)

TheUS–Mexicoborderhasbeencharacterizedasasourceof insecurityand threats forAmerican

society. Most recently, it has become a site of militarization in which a concentration of border

agentsandmilitarytechnologyhascoveredthephysicalterritory.Thispracticenotonlyshapesthe

visuallandscape,thelocaleconomyandthesocialnorms,butalsoopensamoralquestiononhow

migrantsarebeingexposedtorawconditions,leadingtothembeingthesubjectsofabuses,human

rightsviolations,andevendeath.

This presentationwill explore the relation between ethics and technology by analyzing the US–

Mexicoundocumentedmigration. Itwillmainly focusonhigh-levelmilitary techniquesas factors

that enable migrants to be perceived only as targets and not human beings. The results of the

researcharebasedontheanalysisofbothperspectives:USCustomsandBorderProtectionpolicies,

and the humanitarian view of civil organization leaders in the field. By describing and exploring

both,itisshownhowimmigrantssufferfromdehumanizationandcriminalizationfromtheUSCBP

policies,butalsohowseveralorganizationsofferthemhumanitarianservicesguidedbytheirmoral

responsibilitytohelpthoseinneed.

Keywords:US-Mexicoborder,bordersecurity,militarization,high-leveltechnology.

Mappingalarge-scalediebackofmangrovesinAustralia’sGulfofCarpentariausinga

Landsat8timeseries

HaileyS.Morning1,DuncanJ.E.Hill1,JohnM.Kovacs1,NormanC.Duke21DepartmentofGeographyNipissingUniversity,100CollegeDrive,NorthBay,Ontario,P1B8L7,

Canada

2TropWATERCentre,JamesCookUniversity,ATSIPBuilding145,Townsville,Queensland,

Australia

FollowingtheobservationsofseveremangrovelossinAustralia’sGulfofCarpentariabyconcerned

localresidents,ajointinvestigationwasconductedtoidentifyboththedateofinceptionandthe

extentofthewetlanddieback.ApreliminaryexaminationofLandsatimageryshowedthatthe

diebackofmangroveforestswasinfactsevereandwide-spreadbeingpresentacross1000kmof

shorelinestretchingfromtheRoperRiverEstuaryintheNorthernTerritorytoKarumbain

Queensland.Toquantifytheamountofmangroveforestloss,amulti-temporalchangedetection

usingLandsat8imagerywasperformed.ByidentifyingareasofsignificantNDVIlossbetweenApril

2015andApril2016,itwasdeterminedthatover7000ha,or6%ofthecoastalforest,was

impactedbythediebackevent.Thislossappearstocoincidewithextremeweathereventsbelieved

tobeassociatedwithglobalclimatechange.

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DecarbonizationWaterlooRegion:Participatorylearninginalocalenergytransition

ScottDavidMorton(Presenter)-UniversityofWaterlooAbstract:In2015,globalleadersagreedatthe21stConferenceofthePartiestotheUnitedNations

FrameworkConventiononClimateChangethaturgent,collaborativeactiononclimatechangeis

notonlyanenvironmentalandsocialimperativebutalsorepresentsasignificanteconomic

opportunity.Thetransitiontoadecarbonizedglobaleconomypresentsachallengeof

unprecedentedscale,yetagrowingbodyofresearchidentifieslocallevelenergytransition

processesasaneffectivelocusforactionandchange.Thereisanidentifiedlackofsystematic

learningabouttransitionsatthemunicipallevel,andthispresentsanidealopportunitytoaddress

itthroughcollaborativecross-sectoralresearch.ThispresentationanalyzesthecaseofWaterloo,

Canada,throughthelensofsocio-technicaltransitionstoassesspotentiallyinnovativepathwaysto

amoresustainable(lowcarbon)future.Inparticular,weexamineanewparticipatoryprocess

calledDecarbonizationWaterlooRegion,aforumwithinwhichlocalstakeholders,scholars,and

practitionerscanenvisionlowcarbonfuturesandnegotiatepathstowardthem.Focusgroupsand

pre/postforumsurveyswilldeliverinsightsintotheeffectivenessofthisprocess,thepartnerships

andpoliciesatvariouslevelsofgovernmentthatmightacceleratethissustainabilitytransition,and

therolesthatSMEsandlocalcivilsocietyactorscanplayindrivinginnovation.Ultimately,we

identifypracticallessonsthatwilladvanceenergypolicy-makinginCanadaatthelocalleveland

contributetothenascentbodyofCanadianandinternationalliteratureontransitioningtoalow

carboneconomy.

MeasuringtheEffectivenessofanOutdoorEducationProgramonHighSchoolStudents’

Knowledge,Attitudes,andBehavioursTowardsClimateChange–ClimateChangeS.O.S.–SaveOurSyrup!

Dr.BrendaMurphy,Professor,WilfridLaurierUniversitybmurphy@wlu.ca

Mr.BryceGunson,ProjectManager,WilfridLaurierUniversitybgunson@wlu.ca

KeyWords–ClimateChange;EnvironmentalAttitudes;EnvironmentalBehaviors;CitizenScience

ClimateChangeS.O.S.–SaveOurSyrup!isaprogramdevelopedbytheResilientCommunitiesResearchCollaborative(ledbyDr.BrendaMurphyfromWilfridLaurierUniversity)thatbringsstudentstotheMountsbergConservationArea(Campbellville,Ontario)wheretheyexplorea

workingmaplesugarbush.Studentsmonitorthehealthofthesugarbush,contributingtoan

ongoingcitizen-sciencedataset.Theylearnaboutthethreatsfacedbythesugarmaple,and

examinetheeconomicandculturalimpactofthepotentiallossofthesetrees.Aknowledge

mobilizationassessmentprojectutilizingpre&post-testsurveysmeasuredprogrameffectiveness

onthestudents’knowledge,attitudes,&behaviourstowardsclimatechangebasedontheresearch

question“Towhatextentdoessharingknowledgeabouttheimpactsofclimatechangeaboutsugarmapleecosystemsandmaplesyrupinfluencetheparticipant'sknowledge,attitudes,andbehaviourstowardsclimatechange?Participantsinthisstudy(n=517)includedgrade9-12studentsfromsevensecondaryschoolsintheHaltondistrictschoolboardinthecitiesofOakville,Burlingtonand

Georgetown(Ontario).Resultsindicatepositivechangesinknowledgeofclimatechange&maple

syrup,andpositivechangesinstudents’attitudesregardingtheirabilitytolessentheirimpacton

climatechange.Althoughwedidn’tseeastatisticallysignificantchangeinbehaviourtowards

climatechange,theliteratureindicatesthisisthehardestattributetochange.Overall,feedback

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frombothstudentsandteachershasbeenextremelypositive.Theprogramcontinuestooperate

thankstofundingfromSSHRC,OMAFRA,theCanadianTREEfund,WilfridLaurierUniversityand

ConservationHalton.

Title:PlayDesertsasHealthInequities?MappingPlaygrounddesertsandsocioeconomic

deprivationinKingston,ON

Authors:AllisonMurray&JeffreyR.Masuda,Queen’sUniversity

Introduction:Playgroundsareanimportantfeatureoftheurbanlandscapethatcontributetoboth

thephysicalactivityandsocialdevelopmentofchildren,buttheremaybeinequitiesintheir

accessibilityrelatedtobothdistributionandquality.Thisstudysoughttodevelopaconceptof

playgrounddesertsthattakesintoaccountbothdimensionsandtodeterminewhetherinequities

existinrelationtosocioeconomicdeprivation.Materialsandmethods:Allplaygroundswithin

urbanKingston,ONwereassessedusinga“SevenC”scoreforplaygroundqualityandenteredinto

aGIS.800mbuffersclippedtoarterialroadswereassignedtoplaygroundsasaproxyfor

reasonableaccessibility,withdiameterspenalizedaccordingtothe7Cscore(200m/quintile).

Playgrounddesertsweredefinedastheareaofresidentialzonedlandfallingoutsideofbuffers.The

proportionofresidentiallandareainplaydesertsrelativetototalareawascalculatedforeachof

fivesocioeconomicdeprivationquintiles(ONMarg),revealingadistinctpatternofplayground

desertinequityinKingston.Conclusion:Playgrounddesertsexisttodifferentdegreesacrossall

deprivationquintilesinKingston.Furtherresearchwillneedtobeconductedtodeterminethe

impactsofplaygrounddesertinequitiesonplaygroundaccessibilityandbehaviour,thatis,ifliving

inplaydesertsdisproportionatelyaffectstheexperiencesofplayamongchildrenlivingininhigher

deprivationareasrelativetomoreaffluentneighbourhoods.

Keywords:playgrounds;playgrounddeserts;builtenvironment;children’shealth

Correspondingauthor:AllisonMurray,allison.murray@queensu.ca

TheArtistsofPeterborough

StephanieMurray,BrockUniversity

TheintentofthisprojectwastoproblematizeRichardFlorida’sconceptofthe“creative

class”—aswellastheuptakeofFlorida’stheoriesbymunicipalpolicymakers—byfocusingonthe

locationalpreferencesofvisualartistslivingandworkinginthemunicipalityofPeterborough,

Ontario.Astheliteratureoncreativeworkerssuggeststhatcreativeworkersaremotivatedto

locateinparticularplacesbasedonarangeofdifferentfactors,face-to-facesemi-structured

interviewsandasynchronousemailinterviewswereconductedwithasamplegroupof13of

Peterborough’svisualartists—sevenurbanandsixrural—inordertodiscoverwhytheywere

livinginthisparticularmunicipality.WhilePeterborough’saffordablecostoflivingandproximity

toTorontowerevaluedbyparticipants,themunicipalityalsopresenteduniquechallengesfor

visualartistsseekingtoselltheirwork.Furthermore,contrarytowhattheliteratureoncreative

workerssuggests,themajorityofartistswhoparticipatedinthestudywerenotmotivatedtolocate

inPeterboroughbyopportunitiesforprofessionalnetworking,orbyaspectsofthenaturalorbuilt

environment;instead,morethanhalfoftheparticipantscametoliveinthismunicipalitybecause

theywereaccompanyingspousesorfamilymemberswhoweremovingtothearea.Thedecisions

of—anduniquechallengesfacedby—Peterborough’sartistssuggestthataqualitativeapproachto

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understandingthelocationdecisionsofcreativeworkersinparticularcontextsisvaluable,

especiallyformunicipalitieswhoseektoimplementpolicydecisionsthatwillhelptoattract

workersintheso-called“creativeclass.”

Keywords:Creativeclass,RichardFlorida,municipalpolicy,urbanplanning

TitleofthePaper:

AnalysisofhabitatrestorationusingRemotesensingandGIS:ACaseStudyofNorthwestBeach,

PointPeleeNationalPark,Ontario,Canada.

Authors:

Nayak,P.,andByrne,M-L.(DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalStudies,WilfridLaurier

University,Waterloo.)

Abstract

PointPeleeNationalParkhasundergonesignificantecologicalandinfrastructuralchangesinthe

pastdecades.Thishasresultedinmajormodificationsinthepark’sdiverseecosystem,whichis

hometoseveralrarespeciesoffloraandfauna,andtheircriticalhabitats.Anumberofimportant

managementchallengeshaveemerged,includingconservationoftheendangeredFive-linedSkink

(Eumecesfasciatus)throughrestorationofecologicallydisturbedsanddunesandCarolinian

vegetationthatprovidedcriticalhabitatsforthisspecies.Thispaperaimstoexaminetheprocessof

Five-linedSkinkhabitatrestorationbyevaluatingthestatusofsandduneformationandforest

vegetationchangeinPointPelee.Vegetationchangedetectionusingtwoseriesofaerialphotoswas

undertakentoanalyseforestcoverandspecies.Dunevegetationspeciesdiversity,grainsize

distributionandvolumesofsandsupplypileswerecalculatedtoevaluatethestatusofsanddune

restoration.ShannondiversityIndexandSimpson’sdiversityIndexwerecalculatedbasedonthe

samplescollected.Grainsizedistributionwascalculatedbasedonmean,medianandstandard

deviation(sorting)ofthesandsamples.Grainsizedistributionindicatedthatsamplesfrommanyof

thesandpilescontainedsignificantamountsofbothclayandpebblesizedgrainsmakingit

unfavourableforreworkingbythewind,andresultinginnosignificantcontributiontodune

formation.Giventhisresultweproposealternatemanagementstrategiesfordunerestorationin

PointPelee.

KeyWords:sanddune,changedetection,restoration,Five-linedskink,habitat

NeglectedTropicalDiseases(NTDs)astheclassicexampleofinequalityandwellbeingin

sub-SaharanAfrica

Ochola,E.A.andElliott,S.J.

DepartmentofGeographyandEnviromentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo

NeglectedTropicalDiseases(NTDs)disproportionatelyaffectthepoorestandmarginalized

populationslivinginthedevelopingworld,withanestimated50%oftheinfectionsinsub-Saharan

Africa.NTDshaveasubstantialimpactonmorbidityandmortality,andcausedeveloping

economiesbillionsofdollarseveryyearinlostrevenuebylimitingeducationalopportunities,

interferingwithlaborproductivity,andcompromisingonthewellbeingofindividualsandfamilies.

Lackofaccesstocleanwaterandsanitation,improperhousingandpoorhealthcarefacilities

contributetothehighratesofinfection.ItisforthisreasonthatNTDsarefoundalmostexclusively

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inpopulationslivinginimpoverishedareasandareabsentinpopulationsthatenjoyhighstandards

ofliving.

TheassociationbetweenpovertyandNTDsseemstobewelldocumented.However,itremains

unclearhowstructuralfactorsassociatedwithinequalitiescontributetothepersistenceofNTDs

withinthebroadercontextofinfectiousdisease.

ThemainpurposeofthisresearchwillbetoexploreNTDsfromthesesocialperspectiveby

examiningvariousfactorsthatleadtoinequalitiesandhowthesefactorspropelthecycleofpoverty

inthebroadercontextofsocialhealthandwellbeinginsub-SaharanAfrica.

Iwilldemonstratethatequityinstructuralsystemsisimportantforthereductionoftheglobal

burdenofNTDsandenhancementofsocietalhealthandwellbeing.

Keywords:NeglectedTropicaldiseases,Inequalities,Wellbeing,sub-SaharanAfrica

Health-WellbeingNexus:AnEcologicalandLifeCoursePerspectiveinTheorizationand

ConceptualizationofHealthandWellbeing

Presenter:ElizabethOpiyoOnyango(Student)

Supervisor:SusanElliott

Institution:UniversityofWaterloo

School:GeographyandEnvironmentalManagement

Abstract

The concepts of health andwellbeing are important in human life and their usage canbe traced

back in human history. Limited conceptualization and theorization of these concepts have

restricted our understanding and knowledge. But, the current emergence of a broad view of

wellbeinginacademicandpolicyliteraturehascounteredthislimitation.Althoughtheconceptsof

healthandwellbeinghavebeenused interchangeably inhealthpolicyandacademic literature,as

well ashealthcare serviceprovision, ithasbecomeobvious that theconceptsarenot synonyms.

Drawing from literaturewithin andoutsidehealth geography, I discuss the relationshipbetween

health and wellbeing as measurable constructs. My primary goal is to demonstrate the role of

theory in conceptualization of health and wellbeing. As interest in broader conceptualization of

wellbeingbeyondhealthgrows,thereisagreaternecessitytobeclearabouttheoperationalization

oftheseconcepts.Consequently, thestudyofhealthandwellbeingrequiresacleartheorizationif

we are to adequately explain health patterns geographically and historically. The theories that

embracetheecologicalandlifecourseperspectivessuchastheeco-socialmodelprovidessuchkind

offrameworks.Thebroaderknowledgeonhealthandwellbeingisnecessaryintheidentificationof

pertinentinterventionareasandevidencebasedpolicyanddecisionmaking.

Keywords:Health,wellbeing,ecological,lifecourse,theorization

Title:“Wecan’tstaypoor”:ruralyouthmotivationstoengageinartisanalsmall-scalemining

inGhana.

LydiaOsei1,GodwinArku1andIsaacLuginaah11WesternUniversity,DepartmentofGeography

Abstract

Artisanalsmall-scalemining(ASM),alow-tech,labourintensivemineralextractionandprocessing

activityisnotanewphenomenoninthedevelopingworld.However,recentexpansionofthesector

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and the associated challenges makes it a pressing issue that lie on discussion tables among

governments. More especially, increases in the number of youths trooping to ASM mines has

become a great concern in the development scholarship. In Ghana, rural youth are increasingly

choosingASMas amajor livelihood.What is needed in understanding this trend is the ability of

governmentsandresearcherstoexaminefactorsunderpinningyouthengagementinthesector.

Data was collated from youth miners in the Upper East Region. Using the data from in-depth

interviewswith45youthminers, thisstudy investigatedwhatthemotivationsofyouthwereand

howtheseinfluencedtheirchoiceoflivelihood.OurresultsshowthattheincreaseinASMactivities

ismajorlypropelledbydirepoverty;nonetheless,youtharedeterminedtoescapethepovertytrap

and this they do by engaging in ASM. The youth explained by giving the various ways they

experiencepovertytoincludetheirlackofeducationorstruggletoremaininschoolandthelimited

employmentopportunitiestheyhave.

Keywords:youth,poverty,motivations,artisanalmining

Re-estructurationéconomiqueetseseffetsespaciauxàPortoAlegre,Brésil.

JoelOuttes,

GEST-Groupd´étudessurlessocietiesetlesterritories.

UniversidadeFederaldoRioGrandedoSul.

Resumé:Cetravailinvestigueleseffetsdelare-estructurationéconomiquedanslaRMPA-

RégionmetropolitainedePortoAlegreauBrésil.Ilseconcentredansleschangementsdu

marchédetravailetl´occupationduterritoiremetropolitain.Ilrecherchedes

developpementstelsquelaconstitutiondessystemesproductivescentrauxorganiséede

façonréticulaire,lepolicentrismedufonctionementdel´estructuremetropolitaineetla

proliferationdesequipementsurbainslesquelsonteuuneffetdansl´estructureetl´imageurbaines.

Motsclés:Re-estructurationéconomique,marchédetravail,PortoAlegre,région

metropolitaine.

Leréseaudesréseauxurbains:Lagéographiedel´InternationaleUrbaine(1851-aujourd´hui)

JoelOuttes,

GEST-Grouped´étudessurlessociétésetlesterritories.

UFRGS-UniversidadeFederaldoRioGrandedoSul.

Resumé:

Larechercheinvestigueleréseauxde(pourlemoment)27institutionsurbainesinternationalesse

concentrantdansl´histoirededeuxinstitutions,l´IFHP-InternationalFederationforHousingand

Planningetl´UCLG-UnitedCitiesandLocalGovernments,sescaracteristiques,reseauxde

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participants,changementsdanssespolitiquesainsiqueleroledespays,institutions,groupeset

individusdanscesdécisions,politiquesetproductionintellectuelle.L´IFHPàetécréecomme

InternationalGarden-CitiesAssociation(Associationinternationaldesvilles-jardins)en1913et

existeaujourd´huiencore.L´UCLGàetécréecommeIULA-InternationalUnionofLocalAuthorities

(Associationinternationaldesvilles)en1913aussietexisteencore.Letravailinvestiguelerolede

cesinstitutionsdanslefluxeinternationaldespensésetpratiquesdelaplanification,et

l´aménagementurbainainsicommesesrolesdanslaconstitutiond´unecommunauté

internationaled´urbanistes.Unedesquestionsàêtrediscutéec´estjusqu´àquelpointdes

expérienceslocales,regionalesetnationalesenhabitation,planificationetaménagementonteté

adoptéesdanscertainspériodesparcesinstitutions.Dansuneautredirection,laressonanceou

influencedecertainesidéesetpolitiquesdel´IFHPetl´UCLGdansdesexperienceslocales,

regionalesetnationalesenhabitationetplanificationetdesdomainesayantunrapportvaêtre

explorée.

Motsclés:institutionsinternationales,planification,diffusiond´inovation,habitation

PaperTitle:TheRiseoftheNeoliberalCity:CondominiumDevelopmentandToronto’sCityPlace

Author:RachelPhillips,UniversityofTorontoDepartmentofGeographyandPlanning(MAHuman

Geographyprogram)

Abstract:

CondominiumdevelopmentshavebecomeubiquitousfeaturesofToronto’surbanlandscape,

emergingindisinvestedneighbourhoods,formerindustrialsites,anddefiningentirelynew

neighbourhoods.ThispaperexaminesToronto’scondominiumboominthecontextofthecity’s

increasinglyneoliberalurbangovernancestrategies.ThedevelopmentofCityPlace–a44-acre

condominiumprojectlocatednearToronto’swaterfrontonformerrailwaylands–isusedinthis

paperasacasestudythathighlightshowaneoliberalconceptionoftherolesofgovernmentand

theprivatesectorhasshapedcondominiumdevelopmentinToronto.FocusingonhowCityPlace

wasplanned,financed,andthensoldtoparticulardemographicgroupsinToronto,thispaper

attemptstoillustratewhobenefitsfromthecity’scondominiumboom,wholosesout,andhow

publicandprivateinterestsworktogethertoproduceanincreasinglyprivatizedandcommodified

urbanlandscape.

Keywords:condominiumdevelopment,urbangovernance

Exploringtheuseofsocialvaluestofacilitatepublicparticipationinhighlyregulated

environmentalmanagementdecisions

Philpot,S1.,Hipel,K2,3,4.,Johnson,P1.

1DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement.UniversityofWaterloo,OntarioCanada.2DepartmentofSystemsDesignEngineering.UniversityofWaterloo,Ontario,Canada.

3CentreforInternationalGovernanceInnovation.Waterloo,Ontario,Canada.4BalsillieSchoolofInternationalAffairs.Waterloo,Ontario,Canada.

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Publicparticipationisakeyfeatureofenvironmentalmanagementindemocraticgovernments.It

hasreceivedsupportinternationallythroughtheUN-ECEAarhusconvention(1998)andTheHague

Declaration(2000).Atthenationalandsub-nationalscales,publicparticipationisformalizedinthe

ImpactAssessmentprocess.Asadiversecitizenryincreasinglytakesitsseatatthetable,thereisa

growingneedtointegrateavarietyofperspectivesandprioritiesintoformaldecision-making

practises.Institutions,suchasnon-governmentalorganizations(NGOs)servetofacilitatethe

inclusionofmultiplestakeholders;however,moredirectformsofparticipationatthelocal,oreven

individuallevel,mustcontendwithperceptionsthatprivatecitizenslacktheexpertiseto

understandandevaluaterisksincomplexenvironmentalissues.Thisisparticularlytrueindomains

thataresubjecttoregulatoryoversight.Inthesecases,theneedforknowledgeofregulatory

restrictions,andconcernregardingliabilitiesposesafurtherconstrainttocitizeninvolvementin

thedevelopmentandevaluationofmanagementalternatives.Developingparticipatorymethods

thatfocusonthetwo-waycommunicationofperceivedsocialvalues,asopposedtotransferring

knowledge,offersnewopportunitiestolinkcitizensandformaldecision-makers.Drawingupon

insightsfrompsychology,geography,andthedecisionsciences,wepresentthetheoretical

foundationsforourresearchregardingtheuseofinteractiveparticipatorymodelingtosupportthe

integrationandevaluationofcitizenandexpertperspectivesinformaldecision-makingcontexts.

Moreover,weidentifykeydatasetsthatcanbecollectedusingthisapproach,anditsprojected

contributionstomultipleparticipantdecision-makinginenvironmentalmanagement.

Keywords:EnvironmentalManagement,ParticipatoryModeling,Values,PublicParticipation.

DevelopmentandEvaluationofaGeneralizedOnlineSpatialArgumentationPlatform

Pierre,J.(DepartmentofGeography,RyersonUniversity)Supervisor:Rinner,C.(DepartmentofGeography,RyersonUniversity)

Onlineargumentationplatformsenablegroupstoshareinformationinacentralized

databasetogatherinformationrelatedtopublicworksprojects,planningandresearchprojects.

Argumentationmapsprovidetheabilitytolinkgeographicobjectstoeachotherusing

conversationalorlogicalconnections.Availableargumentationmapshavesignificant

technologicalbarrierstouseandmaynotofferfeaturesrequiredfordataaccessthathavebeen

identifiedintheliterature.Thepurposeofthisresearchistocreateadatamodelandapplication

architectureforanextensibleonlineargumentationmapandtoevaluateitasaplatformintwo

naturalisticusecases.Theusecasesaredesignedtodemonstratethatunassistedusersareableto

interactwiththesystemaseffectivelyasuserswhoareobligatedtouseitandareassistedthrough

theprocess.Thetwousecaseshadsimilarstatisticsforuserparticipationandcontent.Someusers

intuitivelyconnectedgeographicobjectstologicalarguments,demonstratingtheeffectivenessof

thedatamodelanduserinterface.Basedontheobserveduserparticipationratesandthedegree

towhichuserslinkspatialobjectstoconversationalelements,weconcludethatthedatamodeland

architecturearesuccessfulatprovidinganonlineargumentationmapplatform.

Keywords:webGISdevelopment,argumentationmaps,

Title:SustainableEnergyinNorthernCommunities

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Author:StephaniePike

Abstract:Inaworldwherepercapitaconsumptionandpopulationareontheriseandnatural

resourcesaredecreasing,thevalueofcleanenergyisbecomingundeniable.Althoughcleanenergy

hasthepotentialtosupportmuchofhumanlifeonEarth,therearemanyenvironmentaland

economiclimitations.Whileenvironmentalchallengesexistforallsustainableenergysourcesinall

locations,northernlocationsfaceuniquechallengesandlimitations.Thisreportevaluatedthe

capabilityofnortherncommunitiestoaccessandutilizewindturbines,solarpanelsand

geoexchangesystemsassustainableenergysources.Theevaluationwasbasedonavailableenergy

(e.g.sunlight,wind),costs(capitalandmaintenance),andcarbon/ecologicalfootprints.Itwas

concludedthatwindismostviableyearround,solarismostviableduringthesummermonthsand

geoexchangesystemsareviableinmostnorthernlocations.Thesefindingswereappliedtotwo

casestudies(Whitehorse,YTandInuvik,N.W.T.).

Keywords:NorthernCanada,Energy,Sustainability

Reviewofdatacollectionmethodsforpost-harvesttillageresidueassessment

NealPilger*1,3,AaronBerg1,RenatoPardo1,andJoshuaAntinolfi2,

1DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofGuelph

2DepartmentofGeography,BrockUniversity

3PilgerGeospatialInc./ProfileGeomatics,StCatharines,ON

*CorrespondingAuthor:npilger@uoguelph.ca

Abstract:

Theincreaseintemperatureandprecipitationvariabilityasresultofarapidlychangingclimatehas

led to the adoption of conservation, and no tillage land management practices in favour of

conventionalpostharvestfieldmanagement.Suchmethodshaveshown,throughareductionofsoil

disturbance,decreasesinweathering,erosion,nutrientloss,andcarbonreleasetotheatmosphere.

Additional benefits of employing Best Management Practices (BMPs) that focus on soil health,

includes a reduction in chemical herbicide/pesticide use, fertilizer application, and other soil

augmentation.Whileorbitalremotesensingplatformshavebeenwidelyusedinthemonitoringof

specific land use management practices in agriculture in this province, accurate ground

observations are required for “training” any classification algorithm or index for quantifying the

percentage of farms which employ either conventional, conservation, no-till, or cover-crop post

harvestpractices.Thisprojectaimstodescribeandevaluatetheuseofseveralnoveltechniquesto

facilitateaccurateassessmentofpostharvestlandmanagementascarriedoutinSouthernOntario,

Canada.

Keywords:TillageResidue;Agriculture;RemoteSensing;GIS

EmergenttechnologiesinPrecisionAgriculture/Viticulture

NealPilger*1,MikeDuncan2,JoshuaAntinolfi3

1DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofGuelph;PilgerGeospatialInc./ProfileGeomatics

2NSERCIRCCinPrecisionAgriculture&EnvironmentalTechnologies,NiagaraCollege

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3DepartmentofGeography,BrockUniversity

*CorrespondingAuthor:npilger@uoguelph.ca

Abstract:

Precisionagricultureisbecomingcommonpracticeforgrainandfruit/vegetableproducers

aroundtheworld.Implementingnewtechnologiestomonitorsoil/surficialcharacteristics,through

to targeted irrigation and pest management, to canopy health assessment in planning harvest

schedules, is increasingproductivityandreducingcostsassociatedwithagriculturemanagement.

This project will examine the use of emergent technology in precision agriculture applications,

notablytheuseofin-fieldmicro-meteorological/weathermonitoringstations,remotelyoperated

surfacerovers,andUAVs.Workingtogetherinnear-realtime,thesethreetechnologieshavebeen

showntoprovideinvaluableinformationastothecurrentconditionsinanyfieldatanyparticular

time. This project will explain how such technology, opens the doors to new opportunities in

precisionmonitoringofviticulturecrops,both inmonitoringgrowthandyieldviaphotosynthetic

rate, and in the detailed examination of topographic profiles which influence air transfer,

temperature,andhumiditybelowthecanopyandaid in the identificationofoptimal,within field

placementofcroptypes.

Keywords(4):Drones;RemoteSensing;PrecisionAgriculture;ClimateChange

LiDARderivedDEMforimprovinghazardsandgeomorphologyanalysesofrivermobility

SaiedPirasteh*andJonathanLi

DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo,Waterloo,

Canada

s2pirast@uwaterloo.ca

Abstract

Remote sensing conventionalmethods, such as photogrammetry and satellite images can derive

DigitalElevationModels(DEMs)withamoderateresolution.Thesetechniqueshavechallengesin

investigating hazards and river mobility with a high quality of pixels of a DEM. However, Light

DetectionAndRanging(LiDAR)ofhigh-resolutionDEMhastendedtobepromisinginanevaluation

of the changes.BecauseLiDARapproachprovides a surfacedetailed informationas compared to

the previous studies and traditional methods despite from limitations. This poster presents an

improved understanding of susceptible landslide hazards as well as river mobility. The Zagros

MountainsinIranaregreatlyinfluencedbystructuralgeology,tectonics,andbedrocklithology,and

thecoursesofmajorrivers(RiverKarunandRiverDez).TheLiDARhigh-resolutiondataisusedto

create aDEMof the study area.This study identifiespotential hazard areas, and river responses

were investigatedusingan integrationofLiDAR, geomorphology,anda fieldsurvey tostudy the

tectonic signatures. The study findings reveal that in the Zagros Folded Belt (ZFB) with rugged

topographyissusceptibletolandslideswhereintheKhuzestanPlainstheriversystemswerefound

tobemobileandabletorespond,bothlaterallyandvertically,totheactivetectonics.IntheZFB,we

foundthattheDezriverisrespondedbylandslidesthatareinducedbythetectonicactivities,andit

keepschangingthemovementdirectionoftheriverfollowedbystructuralfeaturessuchasfaults,

folds,andlineaments.

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Keywords:LiDAR,ZagrosMountains,DEM,Rivermobility,Geomorphology,Hazards.

TheSocialDisorganizationofIntimatePartnerViolence

AnthonyPiscitelli

DoctoralCandidateGeographyWilfridLaurierUniversity

Abstract:

Anumberoftheoriesofferspecificexplanationsforthecausesofintimatepartnerviolence(IPV).

However,thesetheoriesdonotadequatelyconsidertheimpactofgeographyasitrelatedtoIPV.

Recently,scholarshavebeguntorecognizetheconnectionsbetweengeographyandIPV.Social

DisorganizationTheoryprimarilyexplainscrimeincommunitiesasaconsequenceofeconomic

disadvantage,insufficientinformalsocialcontrol,lackofcollectiveefficacyandfamilybreakdown.

SDTistypicallyusedinthecontextofpropertycrimeandpublicviolence.Literatureincorporating

SDTwithIPVisonlyrecentlyemerging.ThroughacriticalreviewoftheSDTliteratureasitrelated

toIPVaconceptmapwillbepresented.Theconceptmapwillofferinsightsintohowneighourhood

dynamicsinfluenceIPVandraisequestionsforfurtherstudy.

Usingvalues-associationofspaceandplaceto(de)legitimiseviolenceconductedinthewar

onterror.

RebekahK.Pullen,IndependentResearcher

MAGlobalGovernance,BalsillieSchoolofInternationalAffairs,UniversityofWaterloo

Keywords:SpaceandPlace,military,values,rendition

The“image”ofthemodern,Westphalianstateisundergoingaretrenchmentofidealsofstate

power,borders,andbiopoliticalmethodsofglobalgovernance.Operationallydefiningspaceas

linkedwithterritory,itislikea“container,”andplaceisspacethatisinfusedwithmeaning,

particularlybythoseresidingwithin.Valuesattributabletoaplacearemorerespectedthanthose

thatexistsupra-space,andare-emphasizingofstate-as-placestronglysituates‘us’and‘other’asdistinctanddividedbyboundariesofvaluesaswellasgeography.Withinthecontextofthe“waron

terror”theUnitedStates(US)is,byrhetoricandothermeans,thedefiningactorofthisconflict.

Throughthelegalarrangementofopportunitiesforcitizenshipinexchangefornon-citizens’

militaryservice,theUSlegitimizestheviolenceenactedonbehalfofnotonlyitslaws,butofthose

valuesfundamentallyuniversal,yetre-interpretedasdistinctlyAmericanandvalues-of-place.

Conversely,theUSactivelydelegitimizesIslamicextremistsfightingforsupra-spacevalues,meanttobeuniversalandnotattributabletoaparticularplacebuttoallspace:auniversalIslam.As

Westphalianstatesmaintainthevestigesoftraditionalsovereignty,valuesthatcannotbeassigned

tothemapareconsideredinherentlynon-legitimate,andthereforenon-legitimatereasonstofight.

Thismakesitsystemicallyacceptabletoentirelyremovethelegalpersonhoodoftheseactors,such

asbylabellingthem“enemycombatants,”andallowingforextraordinaryrendition.Subsequently,

theirbodiesarerenderednon-legitimatethroughextra-legalmeansinthecontextofglobalcitizenship,bordersovereigntyandbelonging.

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EvaluatingtheOpportunitiestoDevelopOrganicAgricultureOntheGovernmentalLevel

DanshuQi

PhDcandidate

EnvironmentFaculty,UniversityofWaterloo

Theachievementsoforganicagricultureintreatingtheearth,improvinghealthydiets,enhancing

farmers’livelihoodsandsooncontributetothehigherattentiontoandtheexpandingoforganic

agricultureworldwide.However,ontheregionalandoperationallevel,thelaunchanddevelopment

oforganicagriculturenotonlydependonindividualbehaviorsandideologythatvaluestheobvious

greateffectsoforganicagriculture,butalsosubjecttothepoliticalorcommercialregimesthat

concerngroupinterests.Thisstudytakestheexperiencesofdevelopingorganicagriculturein

Nanjing,Chinaastheexampletoexploregovernments’involvementinthissector,includingstate-

ownedfarmcompanies,large-scaleandsmall-scaleprivatefarms,andothertypesoffarm

businesses(e.g.,agrotourism).Thelinksbetweengovernmentsandfarmsaresortedintothree

categoriesofdirectfinancialsubsidies,supportingprogramsintermsofproductionmaterial

supplement,farmingtechnique,andmarketing,andthelastoflandtransfer.Thisstudyarguesfirst

thatChinesegovernmentsholdanintensiveappearanceintheorganicagriculturesectorby

controllingtheproductivematerialsandregulatingthemarket.Second,large-scalefarmsare

preferredbythegovernmentswhentheydeliverpolicysupportstoorganicagriculture.Third,the

spaceforconductingorganicagricultureindependentlyislimitedtosmallscalesandexclusiveto

theelites.Traditionalsmallfarmers,thoughfrequentlyengageinorganicfarming,arelesspossible

toinchargeofpromotingorganicagricultureunderthecurrentpoliticalcontext.

Keywords:organicagriculture,governmentinvolvement,landtransfer

Identifyingthecommongeographicalpatternofcrimeandhealth:ApplyingaBayesian

sharedcomponentmodeltoanalyzeviolentcrimeandattemptedsuicideinWaterlooRegion

MatthewQuick(SchoolofPlanning,UniversityofWaterloo)

JaneLaw(SchoolofPlanning;SchoolofPublicHealthandHealthSystems,UniversityofWaterloo)

Pastresearchhassuggestedthatthegeographicalvariationsincrimeandhealthresultfromthe

samesocialfactors.Inparticular,highlevelsofviolentcrimeandattemptedsuicideareboth

hypothesizedtooccurinneighbourhoodswithlowcollectiveefficacy,oftenmeasuredthrough

weaksocialtiesandlowinformalsocialcontrol,andinneighbourhoodswithhighresidential

instability.However,thedegreetowhichneighbourhood-scalecrimeandhealthexhibitsimilar

geographicalriskpatternshasnotyetbeenexplored.ThisresearchappliesaBayesianshared

componentmodeltoanalyzeviolentcrimeandattemptedsuicideatthesmall-areascaleinthe

RegionalMunicipalityofWaterloo,Canada.Accountingforthesimultaneousinfluenceofresidential

mobilityonviolentcrimeandattemptedsuicide,thisresearchdifferentiatesthreegeographicalrisk

patterns;common(orshared)riskforbothviolentcrimeandattemptedsuicide,residualriskfor

violentcrime,andresidualriskforattemptedsuicide.Resultsprovideempiricalevidencethat

violentcrimeandattemptedsuicidearesimilarlyclusteredintheurbanenvironmentandbroadly

highlightthecomprehensiveinfluenceofneighbourhoodsocialcontextsonavarietyofhealthand

socialoutcomes.

Keywords:spatialanalysis,crime,health

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Title:EssexCountyAgri-Tourism:ExploringRegionalandFarm-LevelDiversification

Authors:HeatherReid(GeographyDepartment,UniversityofGuelph);Dr.JohnSmithers

(GeographyDepartment,UniversityofGuelph)

Keywords:agri-tourism;EssexCounty;farmdiversification;ruraltourism

Abstract:

The character of many Canadian rural regions is changing rapidly as farms continue to become

larger and more specialized and new (ex)urban actors influence rural economies with new

expectationsofruralspace.TourismhasemergedwithinEssexCounty,Ontarioasatooltoadaptto

thischangingcharacter.Itspositionwithinadesignatedwineappellationisbeingleveragedbythe

area’s Destination Marketing Organization (DMO) to shape perceptions and increase tourism

visibility. As tourism is being pushed to a more prominent position within the County’s brand,

farmersareprovidedopportunitiestocapitalizeonincreasedvisitationandanevolvingperception

of the region. Considering this regional context, this research aims to explore the role of agri-

tourisminfarm-leveldiversificationandasafeatureoftheregionaleconomy.Toaccomplishthis,

documentanalysiswasconductedalongsideinterviewswithagri-tourismproviders(bothfarmers

andvintners)andDMOrepresentatives.Thedominantnarrativeemergingfromanalysis isoneof

developing a tourism destination. While vintners actively collaborate to co-create a wine

destinationwiththehelpoftheDMO,farmerswhohavediversifiedintoagri-tourismprovisionare

morelikelytoworkinsilosandcultivateapersonalnichewithoutregardforaregionalbrandor

destinationcreation.Thoughtourismpromotionalmaterialemphasisestheagriculturalbountyand

emergingbeverageeconomy, it isquestionableif farmersareactivelybuyingintoorareawareof

thispotentialtourismopportunity.ThisresearchcontributestoanunderstandingofCanadianfarm

diversification,particularlywithinthecontextofanemergingtourismdestination.

WidespreaddryingofthePeace-AthabascaDelta,Alberta,Canada

Remmer,Casey(1)(crremmer@uwaterloo.ca),B.B.Wolfe(2),R.I.Hall(1)

(1)DepartmentofBiology,UniversityofWaterloo,Waterloo,OntarioN2L3G1(2)DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalStudies,WilfridLaurierUniversity,Waterloo,OntarioN2L3C5Keywords:Paleolimnology,Environmentalchange,Wetlands

Numerousstudieshavedocumentedclimate-drivendeclineinfreshwatersuppliedbyrivers

drainingwesternNorthAmerica,whichhasramificationsforecosystemsandsociety.Forthe

Peace-AthabascaDelta(PAD),Canada,floodwatersfromthePeaceandAthabascariversarecritical

forsustainingshallowlakebasinsandabundantwetlandhabitat,butthefrequencyofsuchevents

hasbeenindeclinefordecades.HerewetakestockofcurrenthydrologicalconditionsinthePAD

usingisotopicapproaches,frombothtemporalandspatialperspectives.First,were-visit

previouslyreportedmulti-centennialisotope-inferredpaleohydrologicalrecordsfromfivelakesin

thePAD,whichspanabroadspatialandhydrologicalgradient.Periodicdesiccationoccurred

duringtheLittleIceAgeatthemostelevatedbasininresponsetolocallydryclimaticconditions,

yetlowerelevationsiteswereinfluencedbyhighwaterlevelonLakeAthabascaowingtoincreased

snowmelt-andglacier-derivedriverdischarge.Theserecordsarethencomparedtodirectly

measuredlakewaterisotopecompositionsfromthepast15years,demonstratingastrong,uniform

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influenceofevaporationonwaterbalanceatthefivelakesbeginninginthemid-20thcenturywhich

isunprecedentedinthecontextofthepast~300years.Second,wecharacterizehydrological

conditionsacrossthedeltain2015,justoneyearafterthemostwidespreadfloodingofthepast

twodecades,toshowthatthefloodwatershadlargelyshort-term(within-year)effects.Findings

confirmthedeltahasenteredanewclimate-drivenregimeoflowwateravailability,which

threatensaquatichabitatandecologicalintegrity.

RethinkingtheGeographyofSmallCities:PlanetaryUrbanization’sInflectionPoints

Revington,N.(SchoolofPlanning,UniversityofWaterloo)

Urbanresearchhasbeenbiasedtowardscertainlargeglobalcities,aphenomenonknown

as‘metrocentricity,’whichignoresthedifferencesincontextandeverydayexperiencesofsmall

cities.Existingresearchonsmallcities,meanwhile,hasnotgenerallybeenconcernedwith

generatingtheory,andspecificallytheoriesofurbanization.However,recentinterestinthe

Lefebvre-inspiredtheoryofplanetaryurbanizationholdsthepotentialtobringsmallcitiesinto

viewthroughtheeponymousinsistencethaturbanizationisplanetary,andnotconfinedtocertain

reifiedcentres.Yetinpractice,planetaryurbanizationhasfailedtotranscendmetrocentricity.The

focusofthisliteraturehasbeeninsteadontheproliferationoflarge,denseagglomerations

(concentratedurbanization)atoneextreme,andtheextensionoftheurbanintonewfrontiers

throughresourceextractionandenclosure(extendedurbanization)attheother.Smallcities

thereforerepresentaconceptual,theoretical,andempiricalgapinurbanresearch.

Iadoptthemathematicalmetaphorofaninflectionpointtoarguethatsmallcitiescan

contributetoamorecompletetheoryofplanetaryurbanization,whileplanetaryurbanization

offersanewmeansofunderstandingsmallcities.Indoingso,Ihopetopreservethemost

compellingaspectsofplanetaryurbanizationwithoutdiscardingtheconceptofthecityorafocus

ontheeveryday.Thisalsoprovidesastrongjustificationfortheimportanceofsmallcitiesinurban

research:thefullheterogeneityofurbanizationprocessesisotherwiselost.

Keywords:smallcities,planetaryurbanization,urbantheory,metrocentricity

MappingandMonitoringMonarchHabitatwithUnmannedAerialVehicles

Robinson,D.T.,andRidge,J.(DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,University

ofWaterloo)

Monarchbutterflieshavedeclinedby90%overthepasttwodecadesduetothelossofmilkweed.

Thepresentedresearchseekstodeterminethegrowingconditionsandunmannedaerialvehicle

(UAV)parametersrequiredtoeffectivelymapandmonitormilkweed.Permanentplots(n=29;4m2)

wereestablishedinanabandonedfieldwithinwhichmilkweedheight,leafspan,andcountwere

measuredover9fieldvisitsspanningJuly29thtoSeptember26,2016.Afterfieldmeasurements

weretaken,theAeryonLabsSkyRangerUAVwithavisiblespectrumpayloadwasflownatmultiple

heightsovereachplot.PlotswererandomlylocatedusingaLeicaGSCS15globalnavigation

satellitesystemreceiverandbasestationtofacilitateimageregistrationwithaccurateplot

locations.Preliminaryinvestigationdemonstratedthatmilkweedleafspanhadlittlecorrelationto

plantheightandevenwithoutcoregistrationoffieldplotsandUAVimagery,aPearsonCorrelation

Coefficient=0.64betweenmilkweedfieldsamplingandimageidentificationwasattained,and

fieldworkisfun!Inthispresentationnewfindingswillbediscussedinourefforttoidentify1)the

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idealtemporalperiodforUAVmappingmilkweed;2)theidealsensingplatformheight,spatial

resolution,imageoverlap,andotherremotesensingparametersformilkweeddetection;and3)

spatialanalysisofmilkweedchangeoverthegrowingseason.Thepresentedresearchseeksto

determinetheutilityofUAVforplantmappingandcost-effectiveconservationstrategiesfor

milkweed,whichaffectsasignificantnumberofMonarchsoriginatinginsouthernOntario.

Exploringneoliberalmulticulturalism‘frombelow’

Rose,Erin(YorkUniversity)

Thispaperarguesthereisaneedforresearchthatconsidershowimmigrantsnegotiate,process,

andinterpretofficialnarrativesaboutCanadiannationhood.Howarenation-buildingnarratives

presentingovernmentdiscourseinvokedand/orchallengedbyimmigrantsthemselves?Immigrant

selectionandincorporationarekeycomponentsofnation-building,particularlyinsettlersocieties

likeCanada.MuchexistingresearchdocumentshowCanada’sapproachtoimmigrationhas

changedovertime,reflectingdifferentnation-buildingimperatives.Theremovalofovertrace-

basedselectioncriteriainCanadianimmigrationpolicyincombinationwithCanada’sofficial

commitmenttomulticulturalismareoftenconsideredevidencethatCanadaisamulticultural

nation.Changesinimmigrationpolicyandgovernmentrhetoricaroundmulticulturalismsuggest

Canada’smulticulturalnationalimaginaryisnowbeingreframedaccordingtoneoliberalrationales.

Inotherwords,thesechangessuggestCanadahasenteredintoneoliberaleraofmulticultural

nation-building,distinctfromtheliberalmulticulturalnation-buildingofthe1960s.Whereasthis

scholarshipinformsourunderstandingofofficialor‘elite’conceptualizationsofnation-building,in

comparisonlessisknownaboutwhetherandinwhatwaysthesenarrativesareinvokedand/or

resistedbyindividuals.Neglectingnation-buildingatamicro-levelrunstheriskoftreatingthe

nationasuncontested.

Keywords:Nation-building;multiculturalism;immigration;neoliberalism

EnhancingplanningandpreparednesscapacitiesforclimatechangeresilienceinWawa,

Ontario:Acommunity-basedphotovoiceapproach

Russo,Samantha.(DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalStudies,WilfridLaurier

University).

TheintegrationoflocalandIndigenousKnowledgeindisasterplanningandmanagementhasthe

potentialtoincreaseresilienceinruralandAboriginalcommunitiesacrossOntario.Thisresearch

incorporatesfindingsfromaliteraturereview,andbuildsontheexistinggapswithincommunity-

basedparticipatoryactionresearch,throughacasestudyofthe2012Wawa-MichipicotenFirst

Nationfloodingevent.TenlocalcommunityparticipantsfromWawa,OntarioandtheMichipicoten

FirstNationswereinvolvedinaphotovoiceprojecttovisuallydocumenttheirexperiencesand

understandingsofthefloodingevent.Thisresearchprojectseekstodocumentcommunity

perceptionsandunderstandingstotheflooding’simpactoncriticalinfrastructure,byintegrating

theirperceptionsregardingthedisasterresponse,theircapacitytodealwiththeeventandany

ongoingproblems.Draftthemesweremodifiedthroughresearcherfacilitation,andanalyzedfor

furtherfindingsinordertohelpenhanceoverallresilienceandreducevulnerabilitiesinadisaster

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situation.Followingbestpractices,feedbackwasprovidedtothecommunityafterthephotovoice

project,throughafollow-upworkshopandphotoexhibit.

Keywords:emergencymanagement,photovoice,ruralOntario,criticalinfrastructure

OpportunitiesandConstraintsforCoastalAdaptationinMetroVancouver

A.Rutledge1

1UniversityofWaterloo,Waterloo,Canada.E-mail:a3rutledge@uwaterloo.ca

MunicipalitiesinBritishColumbia’sLowerMainlandarevulnerabletoimpactsofclimatechange.

Sealevelrise(SLR)andcoastalhazardsthreatentheurbanizedandgrowingpopulation,unique

ecosystems,andimportantlocal,subnational,andnationalassets.Awarenessoftheriskshas

spurredtheneedforupdatedcoastaladaptationplanningandpolicyresponses.Generalcoastal

adaptationresponsesareknownasprotect,accommodate,avoid,andretreat.Manymunicipalities

inMetroVancouverareprotectedfromcoastalhazardsandfloodingfromhardstructural

adaptationmethods,withheavyemphasisoncoastalengineeringinfrastructure,suchasdikesand

seawalls.Alternativeapproaches,includingsoft-engineeringandnon-structuraladaptation

methods,suchasmanagedretreat,receivelessattention.Managedretreatisacoastaladaptation

strategyinvolvingtherelocationofpeopleandinfrastructureawayfromriskycoastalareas.Such

anadaptationstrategycanofferlong-termdefencefromSLRandcoastalhazards.Yet,significant

barriershindertheapplicationofmanagedretreat.Usingaqualitativeresearchmethodofactor-

centredkeyinformantinterviewsandareviewofrelevantliterature,researchexploresthe

opportunitiesandconstraintsforcoastaladaptation,withakeyfocusonmanagedretreat.Initial

findingsshowgreeninfrastructureapproachesaregainingmomentum,yetmanagedretreat

continuestobealessacceptableadaptationstrategyfacingnumerousbarriers.Further,findings

revealthathistoricalfloodprotectioninfrastructureandpolicyconstrainalternativeadaptation

choices,asmunicipalitieswereadaptedtoasetofconditionsunrepresentativeofthenewlong-

termrisksassociatedwithSLRandfutureclimatechange.Itisthereforeworthwhiletopinpoint

opportunitiestoenhancecoastaladaptation.

Keywords:Managedretreat,sealevelrise,coastaladaptation

SeekingIntegritybetweenGreenInfrastructureandIntensification

Authors

SaraSaboonian(PhDstudent,UniversityofWaterloo),PierreFilion(Professor,Universityof

Waterloo)

Abstract(250words)

Becauseofitsfocusonraisingdensityandmulti-functionality,intensificationmayoverlookthe

needforgreeninfrastructure(GI)andecosystemservices.TheProvinceofOntarioinCanadais

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tryingtomanageurbanexpansionbyintensifyingdevelopmentinsub-centres(UrbanGrowth

Centres,UGCs)whilepreservingsensitivenaturalareas.Thestudyconcentratesonthedistinctions

betweenGIandintensificationaswellastheformtheytaketourbandispersioninfastergrowing

NorthAmericanmetropolitanregions.

ThestudyexaminestwoUGCs,whichfunctioninthesameplanningsystem,butarecontrastedby

theirdevelopmentstage,protectednaturalland,andadverseenvironmentalconsequences

accordingtothedifferentplanningperiods.Themethodsincludereviewingtheacademicand

practiceliteratureonGIandintensification,analyzingtheOntarioprovincialplansandinterviewing

officialswholocallyconducttheGIandintensificationstrategiesoftheUGCs.

Theresultsindicatetheneedforamulti-scaleGIapproachthatbalancestherequiredspaceforGI

andintensificationinUGCs.TheGIdevelopmentintheseareasislimitedduetoinadequate

awarenessfortheGIdimension,increasedenvironmentaldis-connectivitybyhighwaysand

parking,andlackofsharingGIstandardsandexperimentsdevelopedbyeachmunicipalityamong

UGCs.

FindingssuggestarangeofpossibleGIinterventionsbychangingthestreetpatternsand

integratingGIandtransportationinfrastructuretolocallyenhancednaturalsystemsofexisting

UGCs.ThereisaneedforthedefinitionandacknowledgmentofGIinlocalenvironmentalpolicies

toachieveanenvironmentallyconsciousland-useplanningwithinthecontextofintensification.

KeyWords(GreenInfrastructure,Intensification,Planning)

TheuncertainhealthgeographiesofkidneytransplantpatientsinGuadalajara,Mexico

CarlosE.Sanchez-Pimienta1,PaulinaMadrigal-Vargas2,JeffreyMasuda1

1.CentreforEnvironmentalHealthEquity,SchoolofKinesiologyandHealthStudies,Queen’s

University

2.DepartamentodeSaludPublica,UniversidaddeGuadalajara,Mexico

Introduction. Health Geographers have shown that healthcare outcomes are contingent on

geographies far beyond the hospital. Inequalities are often exemplified by the variability in

healthcare coverage and service quality that people needing a kidney transplant for survival are

abletoaccessdependingontheirsocioeconomicposition.

Objective. This poster explores the experiences of people on low-income living with a kidney

transplant in a developing country as they navigate through everyday geographies surrounding

theirexperienceswiththehealthcaresystem.

Methods.AqualitativestudyundertakeninGuadalajara,Mexicobetween2013and2015involved

three group interviews with a total of 34 participants, either living with a kidney transplant or

waitingforone.Athematicanalysisidentifiedkeyinsightsfromtheirexperiences.

Findings. Themes included: (1) “Strugglingwith the health system”,which accounted for limited

medicalinformation,andlackoftrainedhealthpersonneltoprovidecare;(2)“Alwaysthemoney”,

in regard to the high cost of treatment, and the lack of health insurance; and (3) “Living in

uncertainty” depicted a continuous fear of rejecting the transplanted kidney, sudden and abrupt

healthchanges,andaninabilitytoplanaboutfuture.

Discussion. The findings describemultiple and geographically layered challenges of livingwith a

kidney transplant and experiencing the health care system. Whereas some of the identified

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experienceswerealreadyreportedintheliterature,anumberofdifferencesemergedinthecontext

of the fragmented and non-universal Mexican health care system; such as low satisfaction with

healthcareandhealthpersonnel,andimpoverishment.

Keywords:IllnessExperience,KidneyTransplantation,GeographiesofHealthCare

“ANANALYSISOFTHEMODEOFTHEPRODUCTIONOFGENDEREDSPACE”

Casestudies:MadarandQazvinSquaresinTehran,Iran

AnahidShirkhodaee

DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalStudies,WilfridLaurierUniversity

Abstract

Urbanspaces,spheresforfreeunmediatedsocialinteractions,areimportantpartsofoureveryday

socialreality.Publicspaceisdefinedasanopenspacefreelyaccessibleto“thepublic”.Despitethe

rhetoricofinclusionthatpublicspacesaremeanttorepresent,todaysomeindividualsandgroups

(mainly women) are deprived of thesespaces. Women’s deprivation and removal from

spacehaveled to the formation of gendered spacewhich is tantamount to the erosion of public

spaceandarepresentationofspatialmaterializationofsocial inequalities.Thispaperattemptsto

analysis themode of the production ofgendered space and address processes, flows and power

relations that contribute to the production ofsuch spaces. To achieve these, the interaction and

association between existing genderedrepresentation`s (Patriarchal ideologies) and capital

relations inthegenderedspaceproductionareexamined. Itseemsthat,byreproducinggendered

relationsinspaceandproducinggenderedspace,thehegemonyofcapitalisseekingtoreproduce

existingunequal production relation.Researchproblem, therefore, is to examinepower relations

contribution to the production of genderedspace in order to take steps in reducing social

inequalitiesandpreventingthereproductionofgenderedspace.

KeyWords:

Theproductionofspace,capitalism,patriarchy,genderedspace,Iran

PUBLICATTENTIONTOENVIRONMENTALHAZARDS

AmberSilver1andJeanAndrey

1UniversityofWaterloo,200UniversityAve.W.,Waterloo,Ontario,N2L3G1

a2silver@uwaterloo.ca

Overthelastcentury,socialscientistsacrossarangeofdisciplineshavemadeprogressin

understandinghumanresponsetoenvironmentalhazards.Yetdespitetheseadvances,thesocial

andeconomiclossesincurredfromnaturaldisasterscontinuetoriseforavarietyofcomplex

geophysicalandsocio-politicalreasons.Tothatend,researchersandpractitionersarefacedwith

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thesamechallengeastheirpredecessors:howtomosteffectivelyreducethesocial,economic,and

physicallossesincurredfromdisasters.Traditionally,socialscientistshaveaddressedthisquestion

throughavarietyofdifferentlenses,includingriskperception,culture,andeducation.However,

publicattention,whichisoftennotedwithinpsychologyandcommunicationsresearchforits

importanceinelicitingbehaviouralresponse,hasreceivedlittleattentionwithinenvironmental

hazards’research.Thispapercriticallyexaminestheconceptofpublicattention,andexploresits

roleinbehaviouralmodificationduringandafterpotentiallyhazardousevents.Theexisting

literatureonattentionissynthesizedandacomprehensivedefinitionisproposed.Next,a

conceptualmodelisintroducedtoilluminatehowattentiontosevereandhazardousweather

informationmaytranslateintobehaviouralmodification.

Keywords:knowledgemobilization;behaviouralmodification;severeweather;risk

ACriticalAnalysisofState-LedRecoveryofEndangeredSpecies

UsingtheCaseStudyofNorthernandSouthern

ResidentKillerWhalesinBritishColumbia,Canada

MeganSutton

MACandidateinGeography

UniversityofWaterloo

Abstract

TheSpeciesatRiskAct(SARA)inCanadaendeavorstopreventthedisappearanceofspecies,

recoverspeciesthatareextirpated,endangered,andthreatened,andtopreventspeciesfrom

becomingendangeredorthreatened.AfterspeciesarelistedunderSARA,arecoverystrategyis

developedandidentifieswhatmustbedonetostopthedeclineofaspecies.Next,arecoveryaction

planiswritten,whichspecifiesrecoverymeasuresandassessessocioeconomicimpacts.Usingthe

casestudyofNorthernandSouthernResidentKillerWhalesinBritishColumbia(forwhoman

ActionPlanwaspublishedin2014),thispaperidentifiesthekeytypesofregulatorymechanisms

usedtogovernprivatesectoractivityinmarineenvironments,andfinallyanalysestheviabilityof

regulatorymechanismsforprivatesectorstakeholdersintheActionPlan,concludingwith

recommendationsforeachinvolvedprivatesectorindustry.TheActionPlanfortheNorthernand

SouthernResidentKillerWhalesidentifiesmultiplestakeholders,includingthreeprivatesector

stakeholders:thetourism,agriculture,andfisheryindustries.Basedonthis,thisessayappliedthe

identifiedpolicymechanismstoeachprivatesectorinordertorecommendamechanismfor

each.Ultimately,thisessayrecommendseconomicincentivesintheformoftaxesforthetourism

andfisherysectors,andregulationfortheagriculturesector.

PosterTitle:TheRetailInvasion:NewForeignChainsinCanada

StephenSwales*,WayneK.Forsythe,JosephAversa

All:DepartmentofGeography&EnvironmentalStudies,RyersonUniversity

*Correspondingauthor:sswales@geography.ryerson.ca

Abstract:AnewwaveofforeignretailersisarrivinginCanada.Manyoftheseretailersareupscale

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intheirmarketorientation.ThecountryoriginsofthesenewcomersarediverseincludingtheUSA,

theUK,France,Italy,Spain,Japan,AustraliaandNewZealand.Thisposterexaminesthespatial

patternsofthesenewarrivalsandthesupplyanddemandfactorsunderlyingthechange.

Keywords:foreignretailers,Canada

Sixtyyearsofvaluationstudiesforweatherandclimateforecastservices:Ameta-analysis

MillionTadesse(Presenter),BrianMills-UniversityofWaterlooAbstract:Inrecentperiod,economistsandmeteorologicalscientistsincreasinglyinterestedin

applyingbothdemandandproductionfunctionbasedeconomicvaluationmethodstoestimatethe

dollarvalueofweatherandclimateforecastservices.Declineingovernmentfundingandthe

tendencyofthegeneralpublictoquestionwhetherthebenefitsofprovidingtheseservices

outweighthecostsoftenexplaintheneedforeconomicvaluationresearchinweatherandclimate

forecastservices.Thispaperusesameta-analysistoevaluatetheliteraturethatuseddemand-side

approachtovaluehouseholds’WTPforweatherandclimateforecastservices.Althoughthis

approachiscommonlyusedinotherareasofstudies,ithasnotbeenappliedtoinvestigatethe

sensitivityofwillingnesstopayestimatesforweatherandclimateforecastservicesconductedby

researchersoverthelast60years.Basedonasetofscreeningcriteriadetailedinthisarticle,22

studieswereselectedforthecurrentmeta-regressionanalysis.Resultsfromthisstudyindicatethat

estimatesobtainedbyvariousresearchersoverthelastsixdecadesaresensitivetosamplesize,the

typeofelicitationandanalyticalmethods,qualityofthestudy(publishedorunpublished)andthe

typesofinterviewmethodemployedbyindividualstudiesamongotherfactors.Afteradjustingfor

inflationandnation’scurrencydifferences,ameanWTPvalueforweatherandclimateforecast

serviceswasderivedtaking2015asthebaseyear.Finally,recommendationsweredrawnfromthe

studytoimplicatefutureeconomicvaluationofweatherandclimateforecastservices.

Title:Theexperiencesandperceptionsofflood-proneCanadians:Preliminaryresultsfroma

nationalfloodriskperceptionsurvey

Authors:Dr.JasonThistlewaithe1,Dr.DanielHenstra2,Dr.DanielScott3,andDr.CraigBrown4

1AssistantProfessor,SchoolofEnvironment,EnterpriseandDevelopment,UniversityofWaterloo

2AssociateProfessor,PoliticalScience,UniversityofWaterloo

3Professor,GeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo

4PostdoctoralFellow,InterdisciplinaryCentreonClimateChange,UniversityofWaterloo

Keywords:Floodriskmanagement;climatechangeadaptation;riskperception

Abstract:TheresultspresentedinthissessionarebasedonanationalsurveydeployedinSpring

2016whichreceivedroughly2,300respondentsacrossall10Canadianprovinces.Allrespondents

livedinareasthathadbeendesignatedundertheFloodDamageReductionProgram,thoughonly

16% (n=383) had experienced a flood. Selected results from this sample will be descriptively

explored to highlight the experience Canadians have hadwith floods, their perceptions of future

risks,theirdegreeofconcern,andtheirattitudestowardsresponsibility.Forexample,respondents

wereaskedtoallocateresponsibilityforfinanciallossesarisingfromflooddamage,choosingfrom

personal responsibility, various levels of government aid, flood insurance coverage, and NGO

support.Theresults indicatea lowdegreeofpersonalresponsibilityforflooddamage,andahigh

expectation for government and insurance coverage support. These expectations are not aligned

with the realitymany property ownerswill face after a flood, the implications forwhichwill be

discussed.Thepresentationwillconcludewithapresentationofresultsinwhichrespondentswere

askedtoratetheirsupport forvarious floodriskmanagementpolicies.Forexample,respondents

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wereaskedtousea5-pointscalerangingfromcompletelydisagreetocompletelyagreetoratethe

statement“Floodinsuranceshouldbemandatoryforresidentialpropertiesindesignatedfloodrisk

areas.”Followingadiscussionoftheseresults,plansforfurtherwillbebrieflyoutlined.

Insearchofgreenerpastures:Migrationdecision-makingofFilipinonurses

MaddyThompson,NewcastleUniversity(visitingscholaratBalsillieSchool),

m.c.thompson@ncl.ac.uk

Thereisaconsiderableamountofresearchwhichexaminesthedecision-makingprocessesof

migrants,yettheoverwhelmingmajorityofthisresearchfocusesonlyonthosewhoaspireto

migrate.Thispaperexploresthedecision-makingprocessesofnursesandnursestudentslivingin

MetroManila,thePhilippines.ItexamineshowdespitethefactthatmanyyoungFilipinosenter

nursingeducationasameanstoacquirea‘passport’tooverseasopportunities,thataspirationsof

overseasemploymentforsomedisappearasdomesticopportunitiespresentthemselves.While

manycontinuetoimaginetheirfuturesoverseasin‘greenerpastures’,othersturntonovel

opportunitieswithinthePhilippinesasameanstofulfiltheirdesires.

ThestoriesofnursesdemonstratehowthePhilippines’‘cultureofmigration’shapesthelifechoices

ofmanyyoungpeople,butdoesnotnecessarilyleadtoaspirationsofmigration.National

discoursessuchasBagongBayani(nationalhero)whichoncepushedthePhilippines’youthoverseasinsearchofopportunitieswhichwouldenabletheirsocialmobilityonreturnbecomeless

importantasnursesdeploytheirskillstofindbetteropportunitieswithoutmigrating.Iarguethe

Philippines’‘cultureofmigration’mustbere-examinedinlightofthesenewtrends.Migrationitself

appearsnottobevalued,ratherthebenefitsassociatedwithmigrationare.Wherepeopleareable

toaccruesuchbenefitswithoutundergoingthetraumaassociatedwithleavingfamilyandfriends,

migrationformanybecomesdevalued.‘Greenerpastures’caninsteadrefertoopportunities

beyond(yetoftenlinkedwith)nursing,ratherthanopportunitiesbeyondthePhilippines.

Keywords:Philippines,migration,nurses,culturalgeography

AspatialanalysisofbreastcancerinSouthernOntario

JennyTjhin,IsaacLuginaah

DepartmentofGeography

UniversityofWesternOntario

Abstract:

BreastcanceristhemostcommonformofcancerforwomeninCanada.Inspiteofthisfact,thereis

stillnoidentifiedspecificcauseforthedisease..Breastcancerclusteringbygeographicareahas

beenanimportantpublichealthissueforsometimenow.Spatialanalysisofdiseasepatternscanbe

usedtoidentifypotentialenvironmentalfactorsthatmayplayaroleintheetiologyanddistribution

ofbreastcancerandwillhelptobetterunderstandthevarianceofbreastcancercasesthatmaybe

unexplained.ThisstudyaimstoexaminethespatialtrendofbreastcancerincidentsinSouthern

Ontarioovertime.Thedataforthestudycomprisesalistofbreastcancercasesfrom1993to2013.

UsingKulldorff’sspatialscanstatisticsoftware,SATScan,theanalysisrevealspersistentclustersof

breastcancer.Theresultwillbeusedforfurtherinvestigationofpotentialenvironmental

influences.

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Keyword:breastcancer,clusteranalysis,spatialscanstatistic

Carbonandmethaneexchangeinarestoredpeatland:evaluatingtheroleofthree

graminoidspecies

Touchette,S.1andStrack,M.1

1UniversityofWaterloo,ON

Closeto30,000haofCanadianpeatlandhavebeendisturbedbyextractionforhorticulture;this

affectstheirabilitytoactasasinkforatmosphericcarbon.Thestudysite,situatedincentral

Alberta,isarestoredpeatlandcolonizedmostlybygraminoids.Althoughgraminoidspeciesare

oftengroupedasoneplantfunctionaltype,thegreenhousegasexchangeofindividualspeciesin

restoredecosystemsisnotwellquantified.Wefocusedonthreespeciesofgraminoidsalongthe

hydrologicgradient:Eriophorumvaginatum(E.vag),Calamagrostiscanadensis(C.can)andCarex

canescens(Cx.can).Inordertoquantifyeachspecies’impactonfluxesofcarbondioxide,

measurementsweremadewithanInfraredGasAnalyzerconnectedtoastaticclearchamber,while

methanefluxmeasurementswereconductedwithanopaquechamberwithconcentration

determinedwithagaschromatographinthelab.ResultsofAugust2015indicatethatthegross

ecosystemphotosynthesisandecosystemrespirationweregreaterforeveryspeciesunderwet

conditions.Therewasgreatersequestrationasnetecosystemexchangeunderwetconditionsforall

species,E.vaghavingthegreatest.Methaneemissionsweresimilarunderwetordryconditionsfor

anygivenspecies.Inconclusion,thethreespeciesofgraminoidshavesimilarresponsesunderwet

conditions,butshowdistinctresponsesunderdryconditionsforcarbonexchange.Asformethane

exchangeforeveryspecies,theemissionsarenotrelatedtothehydrologicgradient.Futureresults

willshowifthesespeciesdemonstrateenoughdisparitytobeconsideredindividuallyinprocess-

basedmodelsofcarbonandmethaneexchangeinrestoredpeatlands.

Keywords:peatland,graminoid,carbon,methane

WeatherandHydrologicalDatafortheCCRNSpecialObservationandAnalysisPeriodinthe

WesternCanadianArctic.

M.Tsui,P.Marsh,B.Walker,P.Mann,andE.Wilcox

Abstract

TheChangingColdRegionsNetwork(CCRN)SpecialObservationandAnalysisPeriod(SOAP) isa

collaborative initiative to collect, observe, and analyze hydrometeorological data at sites across

westernandnorthernCanada.This studywilldescribeadata set collectedat theWilfridLaurier

IntegratedEcosystemObservatory calledTrailValleyCreek (TVC).Datawas collectedduring the

2014to2015hydrologicalyear–aperiodfromOctober2014toSeptember2015.Datacollection

and analysis across multiple watersheds throughout the CCRN study region has been a key

objectiveofCCRNasitwillenableevaluationandinter-comparisonoflandsurfaceandhydrological

modelswiththeiroutputs.Thedatasetisintendedforfurtherprocessingandqualitycontrol,andis

accessibletoCCRNinvestigatorsandcollaborators.Theaimofthisstudyistoobserveandanalyze

thevariationsofmeteorologicaldata and streamdischargeatTVCduringSOAP.Analysisof field

dataincludeshourlydischarge,airtemperature,relativehumidity,wind,andprecipitationatTVC.

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CommunityHealthWorkersandMaternalHealthcareinRwanda:

Barrierstotheprovisionofadequateservices

Authors:

GermaineTuyisenge,MA,DepartmentofGeography,SimonFraserUniversity,Canada

CelestinHategekimana,MD,MA,SchoolofPopulationandPublicHealth,UniversityofBritish

Columbia,Canada

IsaacLuginaah,PhD,DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofWesternOntario,Canada

DavidCechetto,PhD,SchulichSchoolofMedicineandDentistry,UniversityofWesternOntario,

Canada

StephenRulisa,MD,PhD,DepartmentofObstetricsandGynecology,CollegeofMedicineandHealth

Sciences,UniversityofRwanda

Abstract

Reducingbarrierstoaccessingmaternalhealthcareisoneofthecriticalcomponentstoimproving

overallmaternalhealth.Thisstudyusedaqualitativeapproachtoexplorethechallengesthat

CommunityHealthWorkers(CHWs)facewhileprovidingmaternalhealthcareinRwanda.CHWs

arethedirectcontacttomothersinthecommunities.Theyprovidebasicmaternalhealthservices

suchaseducationandinformationontheaccessandutilizationofhealthfacilitiesformaternal

healthcare.Suchinformationincludetheuseofantenatalservices,informationandserviceson

familyplanning,behaviourchange,deliveryinhealthfacilitiesaswellasmaternalmentalhealth.

TheworkofCHWsintheareaofmaternalhealthcombinedwithothergovernmentinitiativeswere

aimedtohelpRwandameetthe5thMillenniumDevelopmentGoal“Reducebythreequarters,

between1990and2015,thematernalmortalityratio”.Despitesuchatremendousreductionof

maternaldeaths,Rwandastillranksamongthecountrieswithhighratesofmaternalmortality.The

resultsofthisresearchhighlightthebarrierstotheprovisionofadequatematernalhealthservices

byCHWsinRwanda.ReducinggeographicalbarriersandequippingCHWswithmoretrainingand

resourceswouldhelptoimprovethequalityofcareprovidedtomothers.

KeyWords:CommunityHealthWorkers,Maternalhealthcare,Access,Rwanda

AssessingtheSpatialandTemporalTrendsofSeasonalIceinapeatlandintheWestern

BorealPlains;MethodsandPreliminaryResults

BrandonVanHuizen(DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,Universityof

Waterloo)

Dr.RichardM.Petrone(DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,Universityof

Waterloo)

TheWesternBorealPlains(WBP)experienceasub-humidclimatewhereevapotranspiration(ET)

oftenexceedsprecipitation.Evaporativestressinpeatlandsmaycausethewatertabletodecrease,

anddesiccationofsphagnummoss,thedominantspeciesinpeatlands.However,thisisnotthecaseintheWBP.Seasonalgroundice(SGI)maybeanimportantcontrolonETinWBPpeatlands.AsSGI

melts, itcontributesmoisture to therechargezoneandprovidesasteadysupply forET.Thiscan

resultinpeakETratesoccurringearlierinthegrowingseasoninsteadofcoincidingwithpeaknet

radiationlaterinthesummer.Astheclimatewarms,itisexpectedthatSGIcharacteristicsandits

influenceonETwillchange.Therefore,itisimperativetounderstandthetimingandspatialextent

ofSGIatpresent,inordertounderstandhowtheywillrespondtofutureclimatechange.Thisstudy

assessesthespatialandtemporaldistributionofseasonalgroundice(SGI)inWesternBorealPlains

(WBP)peatlandsandtheimpactsonET.Datawascollectedfor2014and2015atapeatlandlocated

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in theWBP.Subsurface temperatureprofileswere installed tocharacterize freeze/thawpatterns.

Anicesurveywascompleted(April-May,2016)toassessthespatialdistributionofSGI.Preliminary

results show that the spatial distribution of SGI is heterogeneous during melt, which may

contributetosoilmoisturevariabilityintherechargezone.SGIin2016meltedoutinMaycausing

differingSGIspatialpatternstooccurduringthemeltperiod.Nextstepswillincludesnowsurveys

inordertounderstandthetimingofSGIformation,andusingamodellingapproachtounderstand

howSGIcharacteristicswillchangeunderdifferentclimatechangescenarios.

KeyWords:SeasonalGroundIce,WesternBorealPlains,Evapotranspiration,Peatlands

MeetingtheDemandforGeoscienceInformation?:AJurisdictionScanofCanadianProvincial

Surveys’GeohazardsProgramsandProjects

ShonaL.vanZijlldeJong,DepartmentofEarthSciences,LaurentianUniversity,Sudbury,OntarioEmail:shona.vz.dejong@alumni.carleton.ca

Thispreliminaryreport,alongwithourpaperCanadianHazardRiskLandUsePlans(presentedatthe2016WorldConferenceonDisasterManagementResearch)isthefirstknownsystematic

multidisciplinarystudythatinvestigateshowtheCanadianFederalGovernment’scommitmentto

theHyogoFrameworkforAction2005-2015andtheSendaiFramework(2015-2030)influences

provincialgeohazarddatasetsandproducts.

ThisstudywasaimedatunderstandingwhetherCanadianProvincialGeologicalSurveyshave

geohazardprogramsorprojectstoprovidegeoscienceinformationforhazardcharacterizationand

identificationtoimproveriskassessments.Italsosoughttodetermineifthesehaveresultedin

improvedregulationoflanduseplanningorbuildingcommunityresiliencetodisasterrisk.

MethodsusedtoassessifCanadianProvincialGeologicalSurveyshadgeohazardprogramsor

projectsincluded:interviewswithkeyinformants(face-to-face,telephoneandemail)and

reviewinggeohazardprojectinformationproductsavailableontheInternet.

ThispaperpresentspreliminaryresearchresultsinvestigatinghowBritishColumbia,Alberta,Nova

Scotia,Ontario,theYukon,andtheGeologicalSurveyofCanadatookastrategicviewofgeoscience

tosupportlanduseplanning.Yet–thekeyquestionremains:whethergeohazardsprogramsor

projectsprovidefit-for-purposegeoscienceinformationforhazardidentification/characterization

toimproveriskassessments,andiftheproductionofthisgeoscienceinformationiscausallyrelated

tochangesinlanduseplanning,changesincommunityresilience,orpublichealthregulation

outcomes.

Keywords:provincialgeologicalsurveys,geohazardprograms,riskassessment,community

resilience

GeoscienceResearch,CanadianRadonRiskScapesandPublicSafetyDecisionMaking

ShonavanZijlldeJong,DepartmentofEarthSciences,LaurentianUniversity,Sudbury,Ontario

MatthewLeybourneDepartmentofEarthSciences,LaurentianUniversity,Sudbury,Ontario

Email:shona.vz.dejong@alumni.carleton.ca

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Thisgeoscienceradonriskforpublichealthandsafetyresearchwillprovideguidanceforfuture

initiatives.Informedbyresearchfrominformationecology,geospatialinformationfordisasterrisk

management,andparticipatorycommunitydevelopment,thisprojecthasthreeobjectives:

a) Detailhowprovincialgovernmentstakeastrategicviewofgeosciencetosupportlanduseplanningandpublichealthandsafetyinitiatives

b) Providegapanalysisofthelegislativecontextc) Documentactionableinformationproductscreatedtocommunicateradonriskd) Identifychangesincommunityresilience

Thispaperpresentspreliminaryresultsofourresearch,noting:

• Federal/Provincial/Territorialgovernmentsshareresponsibilityforradon

• Geologicalsurveysusefivemethodstospatiallydepictthegeologicaloccurrenceofradonin

radonhazardpotentialmaps(thesesupportriskassessment,decision-making,policy,

regulationi.e.buildingcode,zoning,etc.andlanduseplanning)

• Geoscienceactionableinformationproductsfurtherdevelopedbyprovincialandnational

agencies(PublicHealthOntario,HealthCanadaandothers)helptosupportcommunities

withgeosciencebasedhazardriskreductionrecommendationsandmitigationmeasures.

• HealthCanada’sradonawarenessprogramsupportsevidence-basedpolicyandregulatory

developmentsinOntario.Importantly,theOntariocasestudyrevealsthevalueof

informationdeliverychainsinapopulationofnearly14millionseekingtoreducethe

impactofcancerfromradoninOntario(1,080-1,550newcancercasesperannum-Cancer

CareOntario).

Yet–thekeyquestionremains:whetherchangesincommunityresilienceiscausallyrelatedto

publichealthinitiativesintegratinggeoscienceradonriskresearchorpublichealthregulation

outcomes.

Keywords:geologicalsurveys,radonrisk,communityresilience,informationproducts

MonitoringRainwaterHarvestingSystemsinIndiaUsingSatelliteRemoteSensing

Observations

Vanthof,V.R.,Kelly,R.E.J.(DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,Universityof

Waterloo)

Measurementsofvolumevariationsinwaterreservoirsareimportantastheycanproviderelevant

informationfordiagnosingclimatechangeandwaterresourcemanagement.Theconservationof

waterinIndiahasbeenachallengeevenwiththeinfrastructureofthousandsofwaterstorage

tanksusedasrainwaterharvestingsystemstoharvest,storeandsupplyrainwaterfordomesticand

agriculturaluse.Theunderuseofthesesystemsandtheoverextractionofgroundwatercombined

withtheuncontrolledspreadofaninvasiveplantspeciesintotankirrigationsystemshascreated

significantchallengesforwatermanagementinIndia.Remotesensing(RS)observationshavea

potentialtomonitorwaterbodiesoverlargescalesandataminimalcost.Themajorobjectivesof

thisresearcharetoa)monitorwaterlevelsinthetanksandb)mapthespatialdistributionof

Prosopisjulifloraspeciesthroughtimetoquantifyitsrateofencroachmentinthetanksystems.The

researchusesRSsatelliteobservationscombinedwithgroundsurveygeometryofspecifictanksin

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theGundarRiverbasininTamilNadutoclassifythevegetationfromitsspectralreflectanceand

quantifythechangesinwaterextentandvolumeinthetanks.Thispaperreportsonearlyfindings

fromfieldworkconductedin2016.TheresultsofthisresearchwillevaluatetheutilityofRS

observation-basedapproachestowaterlevelmonitoringandProsopisjulifloraencroachment

relativetolocalinsituestimatesandofferasystemicapproachtosupportscientificeffortsinwater

management.

Keywords:SyntheticApertureRadar;waterresources;Landsattime-series;Mesquite(Prosopisjuliflora)control

Waterrisk-perceptioninNyanchwa,Kenya

JoannVarickanickal,ElijahBisungandSusanElliott;DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmental

Management,UniversityofWaterloo

About748millionpeopleareunable toaccess to improvedsourcesofwater.Poorwater,

sanitation andhygiene (WaSH)practices exposemanyvulnerablepopulations, especiallywomen

andgirls,topreventablewaterbornediseasessuchascholeraandhepatitisE.Theobjectiveofthis

projectistoexploreperceptionsaroundthelinkagesbetweenthewaterandhealthofthoseliving

inNyanchwa,Kenyawithaparticular focusonwomenandgirls.Womenaged16andolderwere

recruitedforthisstudyusingthe ‘snowball’ technique.In-personinterviewsandphotovoicewere

used.After takingthepictures,eachparticipantwasaskedtoselect threephotos foradiscussion

facilitatedbytheresearcherusingpredeterminedquestions.Iwillassistwithcleaningandcoding

the informationcollectedfromthephotovoiceandinterviewstodeterminewhat linkageswomen

and girls living in Nyanchwa see between the water and health and what they see as potential

solutions.Asthereareseveralschoolsinthecommunity,thereisthepotentialforwomenandgirls

fromavarietyofeducationlevelstobeincludedinthisstudy,possiblysheddinglightonifthereisa

difference in the perception of water and health among those from various backgrounds of

education in this community. If there is littleknowledgeaboutwater and sanitationandhygiene

practices,thenfurthereducationalinitiativescanpotentiallybeimplemented.

Keywords:Water,Health,Kenya

PAPERTITLE:VEGETATIONCOMMUNITYCOMPOSITIONASANINDICATOROFNATURAL

AREAHEALTHINMISSISSAUGA,ONTARIO

AUTHOR:STEPHANIEVARTY

Abstract:Inrestorationecologytheconceptofareferencesiteisusedtomaintainaquantifiable

endgoalforrestorationprojects,focusingonecosystemhealthandsustainability.Inurban

restorationprojectstheuseofreferencesitesoftencreatesunrealisticgoalsasbioticandabiotic

characteristicsofasystemhavebeenpermanentlyalteredduetostressorsassociatedwith

urbanizationandfragmentationoflandscapes.Biologicalindicatortaxacanbeusedtocreatea

multi-variateframeworkwhichprojectscharacteristicsofanindicatortaxatorepresentthehealth

ofeachsiteinrelationtooneanother.Thisapproachisappliedtourbanterrestrialecosystemsto

answerthequestions:1)Isvegetationcommunitycompositionanaccuratebiologicalindicatorof

naturalareahealthinMississauga,Ontario?2)Howcanmulti-variatestatisticalanalysisbeusedto

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makeeffectivedecisionsinurbanterrestrialrestorationplans?Therelationshipbetween

vegetationcommunitystructure,ecosystemstressorsandspatialstructurewereassessedusing

linearregressionmodelsandprincipalcomponentsanalysis.Resultshighlightthatthe

interpretationofvegetationcommunitystructureasaframeworkforcreatingastatistically

accuratereferenceframeworkislimitedduetotheecologicallycomplexnatureofthecommunities’

interactions.Theroleofspeciescompetitionandinvasivespeciesincommunityregulation

demonstratethatthegeneralscaleatwhichcommunityandstressordataiscollectedatinurban

managementplansmaynotresultinaccurateindicationofecosystemhealth.

Keywords:Restoration;Terrestrial;Urban

#happy:landuseandhappiness

EricVaz,PhD

DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalStudies

RyersonUniversity,Toronto,ON,Canada

Abstract

The advances in smartphones have allowed a ubiquitous creation of media content, which is

availableataglobalscaleandtoalmosteverysingleindividualonEarth.InthecaseofInstagram,

this digital content are images often with a charge of emotional content, allowing by means of

textual analysis of specific hashtags to better understand subjective emotional states of users. I

exploretheuseofInstagram,aleadingphotosharingapplication,toanalyzethesentimentanalysis

ofGeoreferenceddataalignedtoperceptionofhappiness.Thisisachievedbyimageswithagiven

hashtag related to textual interpretationof the stateof subjectivewell-being.Thesehashtagsare

then geocoded, allowing conducting a spatially-explicit exploratory assessment. (i) A first spatial

construct ispresented lookingat the spatial autocorrelationpatternsat global and local level for

the region of the Golden Horseshoe as to allow the convergence of spatial clusters both for

predominanthotspotsandcoldspots. (ii)Following this, a landuseanalysis is carried forthas to

understandthemorphologyoflanduseintheregion.(iii)Finally,Iconstructalanduseaccounting

proxybymeansofcorrelationcoefficientsusingKendalltau-bcorrelation.Theresearchisframed

within the importance of adding large data sets of social networks the social sciences with

geographicalanalysisofferinganewdefinitionforregionalscience.Thepaperconcludesthatthere

aresignificantdifferencesbetweentheprofilesofhotspotsofsubjectivewellbeingandhappinessas

aresultingcausationofurbanlanduse.

Keywords:subjectivewellbeing;spatialanalysis;happinesslandscapes

Applyinganoveltheoreticalframeworktorecreationandtourismresearch:Thecasefor

ProtectionMotivationTheory

StephanieVerkoeyen,UniversityofWaterloo

Thispresentationwillexplorehowanoveltheoreticalframeworkcanbeappliedtoafieldof

research,usingProtectionMotivationTheorywithinthefieldofrecreationandtourismasacase

study.Itwilldetailhowthetheorywasinitiallyselectedbyexaminingboththetourismandclimate

changeadaptationliteratureandbroaderclimatechangeadaptationliterature.The

appropriatenessofthistheoryisexplainedthroughcomparisonstotwocommonlyappliedtheories

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inrecreationandtourism.Itwillthendescribehowapplicationofthisframeworkcanexpandour

knowledgeofexistingconstructs,focusingspecificallyonactivityinvolvementandplace

attachment.Finally,ageographiclensisadoptedtodiscusshowresponsesmightdifferdepending

onthelocationofthesamplepopulation.

KEYWORDS:tourismandrecreation;climatechangeadaptation;theoreticalframework;research

process

Title:SchoolnutritionpolicycomplianceinOntarioandAlberta:Anenvironmentalassessmentof

secondaryschoolvendingmachinedatafromtheCOMPASSStudy

Authors:Vine,M.M.1,Harrington,D.W.1,Butler,A.1,Patte,K.1,Godin,K.1,Leatherdale,S.T.1

AuthorAffiliations:1SchoolofPublicHealthandHealthSystems,UniversityofWaterloo

Abstract(254words)

Objectives:Toassesstheextenttowhichthefoodandbeveragesforsaleinvendingmachinesin

OntarioandAlbertasecondaryschoolsareincompliancewithprovincialschoolnutritionpolicies.

Methods:ObjectivedrinkandsnackdatafromvendingmachineswereexaminedamongOntario

andAlbertasecondaryschools,collectedthroughtheCOMPASSstudyoverthreeyears(2012/13,

2013/14,2014/15).Drink(e.g.,sugar-containingcarbonated/non-carbonateddrinks,etc.)and

snack(e.g.,chips,crackers,etc.)datawerecodedbyprice,locationofmachine(s)inschools,and

numberofunits.DescriptiveanalyseswereundertakenusingRversion3.2.3.Inordertoassess

policycompliance,nutritioninformationoftheavailableproductswerecomparedtonutrition

standardssetoutintheAlbertaNutritionGuidelinesforChildrenandYouth(2012)inAlberta,and

P/PM150(2011)inOntario.

Results:Resultsindicateadecreaseovertimeinthenumberofschoolssellingcrackers(26%vs.

17%),cakeproducts(12%vs.5%)andsugar-containingcarbonateddrinks(9%vs.3%)invending

machines,withunevenchangesinthenumberofschoolssellingchips(53%,67%,65%).Onthe

otherhand,resultsrevealincreasesintheproportionofvendingmachinessellingcookies(21%,vs.

40%)andchocolatebars(7%vs.13%)between2012/13and2014/5.

Conclusion:Thenutritionenvironmentiscomplex,andvendingmachinesareonecomponentofa

broaderfoodlandscapeinschools.Schoolvendingmachinecontentsreflectlimitedcompliance

withnutritionpolicyguidelines.Policycompliancecanbeimproveduponthroughaprovincial-

levelschoolnutritionpolicymonitoringandevaluationstrategy,includingon-goinginformation

sharingandsupport.

Keywords:schoolnutrition,builtenvironment,policyimplementation,schoolhealth

Applicationoffixed-wingUnmannedAerialSystemsforhigh-resolutiondocumentationof

snowmeltwaterbudgetacrossshrub-tundralandscapes

BrandenWalker1,PhilipMarsh1,PhilipMann1,TylerdeJong1

WilfridLaurierUniversity

Correspondence:bwalker@wlu.ca

Keywords:Hydrology,Snow,RemoteSensing,UnmannedAerialSystems

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ThehydrologicalcycleofArctic-tundraisgreatlyimpactedbythedepositionandredistributionof

snowduringthewintermonths.Theend-of-wintersnowcoverischaracterisedbysignificantsmall-

scale(oftheorderofafewmetres)spatialvariationsinsnowcoverdepth,density,andthussnow-

waterequivalent(SWE).Theend-of-winterSWEdistributionacrosstheselandscapesisshownto

havesignificanthydrologicalinfluencesduringthespringsnowmeltperiod,resultinginaspatially

heterogeneoussnowmeltandwithsignificantcontrolsonthetimingandmagnitudeofsnowmelt

runoff.Traditionalremotesensingtechniquesforquantifyingsnowcoverdepthandsnowcovered

areaduringmeltarecharacterisedbycoarsespatio-temporalresolutionsandthereforefailto

capturesmall-scalesnowcoverconditionsacrosssmalldistancesandoverthedurationofthe

snowmeltperiod.Thisstudyaimstocapturesmall-scalespatialvariationsinend-of-wintersnow

depthanddocumentthespringsnowmeltchangesinsnowdepth,snowcoveredareaandbasin

waterstorageatunprecedentedhigh-resolutionsthoughtheapplicationofafixedwingUnmanned

AerialSystems(UAS).Ourmulti-yearstudyrevealsastrongcorrelationbetweenobservedand

measuredsnowdepthatacatchmentscaleanddemonstratesasuccessfulapplicationofUASfor

measuringsnowdepth.Theadditionofin-situhydrologicaldataallowsforhighspatio-temporal

quantificationofend-of-winterSWEandsnowmeltacrossourstudybasin,allowingforadetailed

documentationofthecomplexanddynamicspringsnowmeltrunoffprocessesinthesetundra

ecosystems.

Rainwaterharvestingasadaptationtoclimatechange:aninterdisciplinaryquestion

JohannaWandel,UniversityofWaterloo

SouthernIndiahasundergoneabroad-scaleshiftinwatermanagementsincethelate19thCentury.

Traditionally,bothruralandurbanareasreliedonmonsoonharvesting,thesurfacestorageofhigh

seasonalrainfallinsmalltomedium-scalereservoirs.Thegroundwaterboomofthe20thCentury

resultedinthewidespreadadoptionofdeepdrilledwellsandassociatedgroundwaterpumping.

Groundwaterrechargehasnot,however,keptpacewithpumping,resultinginincreasinglydeeper

wells.Thecurrentstateofgroundwaterover-exploitation,thelackofaccesstogroundwaterfor

agriculturalpurposesamongnon-wellownersandthepotentialofaweakeningAsianmonsoon

haveledtocallsfortherevitalizationoftraditionalsurfacewaterstorageinruralareasasasolution

forsupply,equityandclimatechangeadaptationproblems.Small-scalerainwaterharvesting

structuresarenowfrequentlyseenasthemostcost-effective,efficient,andenvironmentallyneutral

meansofmeetingdemandinmonsoon-controlledwater-stressedregionsandcontributingto

meetingtheMilleniumDevelopmentGoalsaswellasadaptationtoclimatechange.Evaluatingthe

potentialofsmall-scalerainwaterharvestingforadaptationtoclimatechangeandequityrequires

aninterdisciplinarygeographicalperspective,fromlivelihoodsresearchtohydrology,with

additionalexpertiseinagent-basedmodelling,commonsgovernanceandevenremotesensing.This

paperillustratesthisargumentwithacasefromsouthernTamilNadu,India.

Keywords:rainwaterharvesting,adaptation,commonpropertygovernance

Evaluatingtheeffectsofroadnetworkstructureontrafficcongestionandretailstoresales

JunyiWangandDerekT.Robinson(GeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,Universityof

Waterloo)

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Keywords:networkanalysis,trafficcongestion,accessibility,retailsalesestimation.

Thephysicalroadsystemplaysacriticalroleinenvironmentalandcityplanning.Inthecontextof

retailstoreallocation,measuresofaccessibilityandtheeaseandwillingnessofconsumersto

commutetoandfromthestorecanbeessentialtorevenuegenerationandsuccess.Toquantify

accessibilityrequiresadetailedexaminationofroadnetworkandinmanycasesmodelingto

estimatepotentialtrafficcongestion.Theapplicationofnetworktheorytoassesstheaccessibilityof

roadsegmentsandlandparcelsisnon-existent.Researchontheeffectsofthestructureoftheroad

network,vianetworkanalysis,canfacilitateidentifyingpotentialcongestionissuesand

subsequentlytheeffectsofcongestiononcommercialperformance(e.g.,retailsales).The

applicationofnetworkanalysistoaroadnetworkisdistinctivefromapplicationsinother

disciplines(e.g.,sociology,ecology),since,amongothernetworkattributes,theroadnetworkisa

low-dimensionnetworkwherethemaximumdegreerarelyexceedssix.Inadditiontoconceptually

interrogatingthedifferencebetweensocialandroadnetworksfornetworkanalysis,thepresented

researchdescribespreliminaryresultsthatshowtherelationshipofdifferentnetworkmetricswith

simulatedtrafficcongestion.Thepresentationwillconcludebydiscussinghowtheseresultswillbe

usedtostatisticallyevaluatethestrengthoftherelationshipbetweennetworkattributesandretail

salesrelativetosocio-demographicandsite-locationcharacteristics.

PaperTitle:

TheUnevenImpactofWaterSecurityIssuesforInuitinIqaluit

Author:

VictoriaWatson,MAStudent

YorkUniversity

Toronto,Ontario,CA

vwatson@yorku.ca

(647)680-9446

KeyWords:Arctic,Water,Gender,EmotionalEcologies

IntheArctic,Inuitcommunitiesoftenfacespecificandseriouschallengesaccessing

adequateandsafemunicipalwater.InIqaluitspecifically,thecommunityexperiencesfrequent

watershutdownsandshortageduetoaginginfrastructureandinconsistentdailywaterdeliveryfor

thosewhoarestillontruckedwater.Thispaperwilldiscussthepreliminaryresultsoffieldwork

undertakenin2016.UsingprinciplesfromIndigenousmethodologiesinconcertwithan

intersectionalfeministframework,datawascollectedthroughaseriesof21semi-structured

interviewswithInuitcommunitymembersandvariousopportunitiesforexperientiallearning.

Groundedinplaceandwithanemphasisontheeverydaynessofwatershortage,theresultsshow

howwatersecurityisanemotional,embodiedexperiencethatmaybeverystressful,butaffects

differentgroupsdifferently.Specificresultswillbediscussedwithrespecttoageandgender.This

paperconcludeswithstrategiesandadaptationsthatcommunitymembersoftenusetoaccess

waterduringtimesofwatershortage.

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TraditionalEcologicalKnowledgeofBelugaWhale(Delphinapterusleucas)inachanging

climateintheInuvialuitSettlementRegion(ISR),NWT.

Authors

DevinWaugh1;Peace,Tristan1,2,Ostertag,Sonja3,Bradshaw,Ben1

1DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofGuelph,Guelph,ON

2SustainabilityResearchCentre,UniversityoftheSunshineCoast,Australia

3FisheriesandOceansCanada,Winnipeg,MB

Keywords

Arctic,traditionalecologicalknowledge,climatechange,beluga

Abstract:

TheBelugaWhale(Delphinapterusleucas)isanimportantspeciestothecoastalInuvialuit

communitiesoftheWesternNWT.Despitetheongoinglocalculturalandnutritionalimportanceof

belugawhale,andongoingscientificmonitoringintheregion,littleresearchhasexaminedlocaland

traditionalunderstandingsofbeluga.Thedearthofknowledgeismademorepoignantbytherapid

climaticandnon-climaticchangesthatareoccurringintheregion.Askeystakeholdersinthe

outcomesofbelugamanagement,InuvialuithaveindicatedtheirdesiretodocumenttheirTEKof

beluga.TheongoingresearchdocumentedTEKabouttheecologyandbehaviourofthebeluga

whale,huntingtechniques,andsubsistencepreparationunderchangingclimaticandnon-climatic

conditionsthroughacasestudyintheInuvialuitSettlementRegionfromJunetoAugust2016.

Ethnographicresearchmethodswereutilizedfordatagatheringactivities,includingsemi-directed

interviewsandparticipantobservation.Threeobjectiveswillbeaddressedthroughtheresearch,

including:(1)characterizingthelocalInuvialuitrelationshipwithbeluga,includingecological

knowledgeofthespecies,huntingtechniques,andsubsistencepreparation(2)documentingchange

andstressorsaffectingInuvialuit/belugarelationships,and(3)identifyingchallengesand

opportunitiesforinclusionofTEKinbelugaco-managementregimes.

ThisresearchispartofArcticNetProject1.8“KnowledgeCo-ProductionfortheIdentificationand

SelectionofEcological,Social,andEconomicIndicatorsfortheBeaufortSea”.

Climate-inducedenvironmentalchangeandthefutureoftourismattheAthabascaGlacier

Weber,M.(DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo),

Lemieux,C.J.(DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalStudies,WilfridLaurierUniversity),

Groulx,M.(SchoolofEnvironmentalPlanning,UniversityofNorthernBritishColumbia)andScott,

D.(DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo).

AnimportantelementofthetourismindustryinNorthAmericaisnature-basedtourism,which

mostlyoccursinparksandprotectedareas.Thesemajortourismresourcesareprojectedto

undergolargescalechangesasaresultofclimatechangeandtheimplicationsforvisitation,tourist

satisfactionandparkmanagementremainslargelyunexplored.Theaimofthisresearchisto

determinehowmuchchangetheAthabascaGlaciercansustainwithineachofthethree

componentsthatmakeuptheconceptofcarryingcapacity:environmentalresources,thetypeand

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qualityoftherecreationexperience,andtheextentanddirectionofmanagementaction.Usingthe

limitsofacceptablechangeframeworkandscenarioplanning,tourismdevelopmentscenariosfor

2050weredevelopedusingamatrixapproachwithvaluescorrespondingtocommitmentto

ecologicalintegrityandlevelofconsumerdemand.Visualizationsofthefourscenarioswere

presentedtotouristsattheAthabascaGlacierthroughatablet-basedsurveythatfocusedonvisitor

motivations,expectationsandsatisfactionwithcurrentandfutureconditions.Touristperceptions

andresponsestoenvironmentalchangearenotwellunderstoodandthereisverylittle

understandingofhowadaptationpathwayspursuedbyparksmaychangethewaypotential

visitorsperceivedestinationsandresultinchangesinvisitorpatterns.Theresultsofthisstudycan

beusedtobetterinformpolicyandmanagementdecisionsattheparklevelandhelpidentifywhat

needstobedonetoprotectCanada’ssignificantnature-basedtourismindustryinWesternCanada.

Keywords:ClimateChange,EnvironmentalChange,CarryingCapacity,Tourism

Title:Thehydrologicalimportanceofaspatiotemporallyvariablefrosttableinthewestern

CanadianArctic

EvanWilcox,DawnKeim,PhilMarsh,AndrewIreson,BrandenWalker,PhilipMann

Inareasofcontinuouspermafrost,thefrosttablemarkstheimpermeableboundarywithinthe

soil.Thisareaisalsocoveredbymineralsilt-clayhummocks,formedthroughcryoturbative

processes.Intheinter-hummockzonelieshighlyporousandhydraulicallyconductivepeat.These

featuresaffectsubsurfaceflow,soilwaterstoragecapacity,andstreamflowresponse.During2015

frosttabledepthwasmeasuredatahighspatiotemporalscalewithintheSiksikCreeksub-basinof

TrailValleyCreek(68.75°N,133.5°W).Weeklymeasurementsofhummock

andaccompanyinginter-hummockzoneswerecombinedwithsoilsamplesfromeachsitewhich

wereevaluatedforsoilmoisture,drybulkdensityandorganiccontent.Thedataproducedshowed

arapidtransitioninthetopographyofthefrosttablebetweenhummockandinter-hummockzones

midwaythroughthesummer.ThedatawasalsousedtoinvestigateasuggestionbyEndrizzietal.

(2011)thatthemaincontrolonactivelayerdepthintheinter-hummockzoneissoil

moisture.Documentinghowthefrosttablechangesatspatialandtemporalscalesistherefore

importanttounderstandinghowtheaffectedprocessesbehave,andallowsbettermodelling

capabilitytoexaminethefutureimpactsofclimatechange.

Endrizzi,S.,Quinton,W.L.,&Marsh,P.(2011).Modellingthespatialpatternofgroundthawina

smallbasininthearctictundra.TheCryosphereDiscussions,5(1),367–400.http://doi.org/10.5194/tcd-5-367-2011

KeyWords:activelayer,permafrost¸soilmoisture,hydrology

GlobalHealthfromtheMargins:ThoughtsfromStudentsEngaginginCross-Sectoral

Collaborations

LaceyWillmott,Geography,UniversityofWaterloo;DevinWaugh,Geography,UniversityofGuelph;

LesleyJohnston,PublicHealthandHealthSystems,UniversityofWaterloo,

Globalhealthhasundergoneanumberoftransitionsasitevolvedfromitsbio-medical,clinically

focusedoriginstoitscurrentfocusofachievingwellbeingandequityforall.Yetaswefacethe

challengesthatconfrontourplanetaryandpopulationhealthanothertransitioninglobalhealth

seemsimperative.Fromeconomicgrowthtopopulationgrowth,andfromenvironmental

degradationtoclimatechange,thesewicked,evensuperwicked,problemsdemandnotonly

broadlyconceivedresearchagendasandmulti-scalarinterventions,butofferanopportunitytore-

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imagethewaysinwhichweengagewithglobalhealthchallenges.Asyoungsocial

scientistsworkingfromwhatarecurrentlythemarginsoftraditionalglobalhealthresearchweare

inspiredbytheopportunitiesofferedbynewglobalcommitmentssuchastheUN’sSustainable

DevelopmentGoals,transdisciplinarity,andcomplexsystemsresearch.Thechallengesofworking

inthiswayaregreat,yetgiventhescopeoftheproblemswefaceperhapsitisvital.Weproposeto

explorethepotentialofwhatitmeanstostudyhealthfromthemargins,withinthecontextofthe

SustainableDevelopmentGoals.Wewillusethisopportunitytograpplewithprospective

challenges,andtocontemplatearesearchandactionagendathatweasyoungglobalhealth

researchersbelievemustbepursed,whilecallingonouraudiencefortheirthoughtsonourearly

deliberations.

Keywords:Globalhealth,healthtransitions,sustainabledevelopmentgoals

StudyingtheImpactsofaChangingSnowpackontheBathurstCaribouHerd,Northwest

Territories

NickWilson1,MichaelEnglish2,ColinRobertson3,JanAdamczewski4andRoyJudas5

1GeographyandEnvironmentalStudies,WilfridLaurierUniversity,wils0828@mylaurier.ca

2GeographyandEnvironmentalStudies,WilfridLaurierUniversity,menglish@wlu.ca

3GeographyandEnvironmentalStudies,WilfridLaurierUniversity,crobertson@wlu.ca

4WildlifeDivision,EnvironmentandNaturalResources,GNWT

5EnvironmentandNaturalResources,GNWT

Abstract

TheBathurstCaribouHerdhaveexperienceda~90%populationdeclinesince1996.Many

northernbarrengroundcaribouherdhaveexperiencedasimilardecline.Naturalpopulationcycles

dooccurwiththisspecies,yetthepopulationnumbersfortheBathurstherdaretheloweston

record.Itishypothesizedthatthecauseofthisdeclineislinkedtofoodavailabilityduringthe

wintermonthsandincreasingpredationratescausedbyachangingsnowpack.Itisthenimportant

toinvestigatethepatternsintheamountofseasonalsnowwaterequivalent.Itisalsobelievedthat

theamountofsnowonthegroundwillaffectcaribouherddistribution.Usingremotelysensed

snowdataandcollaredcariboudata,thisresearchaimstoinvestigatecorrelationsbetweenthese

twovariablesandtodeterminesimilaritiesofannualhomeranges.Temporalresolutionforthis

studyisfromtheyearsof1996-2013.Dataforbothsnowandcaribouhasbeenanalyzedforthis

timeperiod.ThecollaredcariboudatahasbeenusedtoexamineSWEexperiencedbyindividual

caribouandtoconstructannualhomeranges.Furtheringtheunderstandingoftherelationship

betweensnowandcaribouisimportantforfuturewildlifemanagementefforts.Understandingthe

snowpackchangeandhowdifferentvariablecanaffectcaribouiscrucialforthespeciespopulation

recoverandmanagement.Thisanalysisprovidesresultstoacomplexrelationshipbetweenthe

winterenvironment,changeinsnowpackcharacteristicsandtheBathurstCaribouHerdaswellas

theevolutionarytrendsoftheherd’sannualhomeranges.

Keywords:Caribou,Snowwaterequivalent,NorthwestTerritories

Title:EbullitionfromMarshSedimentsafterWetlandRestoration

Authors:

VictoriaWisniewski1,MScGeographyCandidate,UniversityofTorontoMississauga,Mississauga,

ONL5L1C6

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MonikaHavelka,SeniorLecturer,UniversityofTorontoMississauga,Mississauga,ONL5L1C6

TimDuval,AssistantProfessor,UniversityofTorontoMississauga,Mississauga,ONL5L1C6

Abstract:

RattrayMarshConservationArea,Mississauga,isarareecologicalgeminSouthernOntario.Itisthe

onlyfreshwatercoastalbay-mouthbarofitskindbetweenHamiltonandOshawa.Duringthe

wintersof2013through2015,theCreditValleyConservationAuthority(CVC)restoredtwo

sectionswithinthemarsh’sbay.Mineralsiltsedimentwhichhadaccumulatedoverthecourseof

decadeswasremovedthroughthemethodofdredging.Thepurposeoftherestorationwasto

exposetheunderlyingorganicsedimentlayer,enhancethelivelihoodofnativespecies,andmanage

invasivefloraandfaunaspeciespopulations.Thepurposeofthisstudyistotestwhetherthe

mineralsiltlayerfunctionedasabuffertohinderanaerobicgreenhousegases(GHGs)frombeing

releasedintotheatmosphere.Thestudyaimstoquantifytheebullitionvolumefluxesandmethane

(CH4)massfluxesthroughinsitumeasurementsandsamplingofebullitionevents.Ebullitiongas

bubbleswerecapturedusingfloatinginvertedfunnelbubbletraps.GaseswereanalysedusingGas

chromatography(GC)forCH4concentrationdetermination.Resultsindicatethatproportionately,

restoredsitesexhibitedhigherCH4concentrations,byvolume,thantheunrestoredreferencesite.

Significantdifferenceswereexhibitedacrossallstudysitesintermsofebullitionvolumereleases,

CH4massfluxes,waterheight,andsedimentcompositioncharacteristics.Finally,overallincreases

ofmeanebullitionvolumesandmeanCH4massfluxeswereexhibitedovertime,suggesting

populationgrowthofmethanogenicmicrobialcommunitiesinresponsetoasoiltemperaturelag.

Keywords:Ebullition,wetlands,restoration,Greenhousegases(GHGs).

1indicatespresentingauthor.

Title:UsingrLakeAnalyzerandConstantMonitoringBuoystoTrackCyanobacteriaBloom

DevelopmentinCallanderBayandWasiLake,Ontario

Author:KyleWittmaier(NipissingUniversityResearchAssistant)Abstract:Attachedinpdfformat

Keywords:Cyanobacteria,Limnology,rLakeAnalyzer

ThereportedoccurrencesofcyanobacteriabloomsinCanadianShieldlakesareonrise.

Understandingthecomplexmechanismsthatcontributetothesebloomshelpstoidentify

appropriatemanagementresponses.CallanderBayandWasiLakeareshallow,eutrophic,

polymicticsystemsincentralOntariothatoccasionallyexperiencecyanobacteriablooms.This

studyusesmeteorologicalandlimnologicalparameters,andwaterchemistryandphytoplankton

datatounderstandthemechanismscontributingtocyanobacteriabloomsinthesetwosystems.

MeteorologicaldataweregatheredattheCallanderBaybuoyandweatherstationsthroughoutthe

region.TheLakeAnalyzersoftwaredevelopedbytheGlobalLakeEcologicalObservatoryNetwork

isusetoanalyzethemeteorologicalcontrolsonmixingandstabilityofthewatercolumn.

Limnologicaldataarecollectedusingbuoysequippedwithtemperaturesensorsspacedverticallyat

1mincrementsanddissolvedoxygenprobe0.5mabovethebedtomonitoringmixingeventsand

hypoxia.Thesedatawillbecombinedwithbi-weeklywatersamples(dissolvedPandFe,sulfate,

nitrate,ammonium,andphytoplankton)collectedduringthe2016summer-fallseasonto

understandthesignificanceofinternalPloading.Bothsystemsshowevidenceofstratificationand

hypoxiathroughoutthe2016season,whichindicatesthepotentialforinternalPloading

contributingtotheeutrophicstatusoftheselakes.Thiswillbeconfirmedwhenwaterchemistry

andphytoplanktonsampleresultsbecomeavailable.

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BuildBackBetterDisasterRecoveryinJava,Indonesia:KeystoSuccessinVillage

ReconstructionandRelocation

Woodhall,B.(DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo)

ThereconstructionofPutonvillageinYogyakartaafterthe2006Yogyakartaearthquake,andthe

relocationofPucangMojoandMepitanvillagesinSurakartafollowingtheSoloRiverfloodof2007

were largelyconsideredsuccessfuldisasterrecoveryprojectsbyresidents affectedbydisaster

andoutsideobservers.Describingandexplaining thissuccesswithinaspecificgeographicaland

culturalcontext--Java,Indonesia--isinstrumentalinguidinggood,relevantrecoverypractices.

ThroughacriticalanalysisofinformalinterviewswithkeyresourcesinIndonesia,supplemented

by observation and secondary data, key factors behind the success of these recovery projects

identifiedbylocalsandlocalactorswerefoundtobeparalleltosomeofthekeyBuildBackBetter

propositions.Inparticular,threemainfactorswereidentifiedtobeparticularlyimportantinthese

Indonesian cases of disaster recovery: Communities led their own recoverywith support from

government and non-governmental organizations, hazard risk was reduced for the villages by

(re)buildingsaferandstronger,andlocalgovernmentsandactorswerekeystakeholdersthrough

therecoveryofthevillages.

Keywords:Indonesia,BuildBackBetter,disasterrecovery,disasterriskreduction

Theprivilegeofaparentalsafetynet:Millennialsandtheintergenerationaltransferof

wealthandresources

NancyWorth,DepartmentofGeography&EnvironmentalManagement�UniversityofWaterloo� 200UniversityAveW,Waterloo,ONN2L3G1

This paper examines the intergenerational transfer ofwealth and resources as amechanism for

coping with insecure work. As Millennials finish education and enter the world of work, many

experience labourmarketprecarity in the formofunderemploymentandunemployment, or find

jobs with little security or potential for upward mobility. In order to manage this insecurity,

millennialsoftenturntotheirparentsforvariousformsofsupport,includingmoneyforschoolor

day to day bills, job connections, housing, as well as care and emotional support. This

intergenerational transfer of resources is a form of privilege—not all parents can financially

support their children through their twenties, have the space for their adult children to live at

home, or have the social capital to get their children meaningful work. As a result an

intragenerational divide emerges as someMillennials have a parental safety net that helps themcopewithinsecureworkwhileothersstruggletomakeitontheirown.Usingindicativeexamples

fromresearchwithMillennialwomenand theirmothers, thispaper takesadetailed lookathow

forms of intergenerational transfer impact young people’s possibilities and choices in the labour

market.

Keywords:generation;inequality;housing;labour

137

CharacterizingtheSpatialExtentofaBasalChannelUnderAntarctica’sNansenIceShelf

UsingLowFrequencyGroundPenetratingRadar.

PeterWray

Keywords:Antarcticiceshelf,groundpenetratingradar,basalchannel,anisotropy

InNovember2016alowfrequencyGroundPenetratingRadar(GPR)surveywillbe

completedontheNansenIceShelfinAntarctica,overtopofabasalchannel,underapproximately

200mofglacialice.TwotothreeseparateGPRtransectswillberunoverthebasalchannelranging

fromwithin500mfromtheiceshelfedgetothehydrostaticgroundingline.Thisinvestigationis

designedtocharacterizetheshapeandlocationofthebasalchannelandtospatiallydelineatethe

openwatersectionfromthemarineicecomponentofthechannel.Thedatawillbeprocessedusing

ReflexWandsuppliedtocolleaguesatUniversityofCalifornia,Davisinordertodeployatethered

UnderwaterAutonomousVehicle(UAV)intothebasalchannelinearly2017.Thesitecan

experienceaveragewindspeedsof15m/s(Bromwichetal,1984)thatpreventtheaccumulationof

surfacesnowandfirn,whichgreatlyincreasetheGPRsignalattenuation.OtherworkwithGPRon

continentalicesheetshavedemonstratedthatthecrystalorientationfabricsofpolaricesheets

producedielectricanisotropythatcertainfrequencyrangesinteractwithdifferentlydependingon

theorientationoftheseselectromagneticwaveletsrelativetotheorientationofthec-axisoftheice

(Fujitaetal,2000).Assuch,anopportunitytoexaminethedielectricanisotropyofglacialice,an

oftenneglectedsourceoferror,isalsopresentedatthissiteduetothegoodgroundcontact

present.

Title:FinancialConstraintsofChina’sSmallandMediumEnterprises

Authors:

•RuilinYang(correspondingauthor)

DepartmentofGeographyandPlanning,UniversityofToronto

100St.GeorgeStreet,Toronto,ONM5S3G3,Canada.

Emailruilin.yang@mail.utoronto.ca

•AlbertBerry

DepartmentofEconomics,UniversityofToronto

1DevonshirePlace,Toronto,ONM5S3K7,Canada.

Emailberry2@chass.utoronto.ca

Abstract(178outof250):

Whilesmallandmediumenterprises(SMEs)playedanimportantroleinChina’seconomic

developmentprocess,theyhavealwaysbeensufferingfromfinancialconstraints.Usingan

enterprisesurvey,combinedwithpersonalinterviewsintheHengliTownofDongguancity,this

paperinvestigatesthefactorsthataffectcreditaccessibilityofChinesesmallandmedium

enterprises.Themainfindingsarethataccesstofinanceimprovedasfirmsizeincreasedandthat

companiesinbetteroffregionshaveabetterchancetoreceivebankloans.Lookingatbank

ownershipstructure,state-ownedbanksaccountedforthemajorityofbankloansissued,which

indicatesthatdecisionsoncreditaccessibilityarestilllargelyinfluencedbystatepolicies.Finally,

throughinterviewingownersandbankingofficialsintheHenglitown,itisfoundthatfinancial

accessibilityofSMEsinChinaalsoinfluencedbylocalconnectionsandtheformalityandefficiency

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ofthefinancialsystem.Overall,thefindingssuggestthataccesstocreditofSMEsinChinaisclosely

relatedtofirmsize,theregionthatcompanieslocateinandtheformalityanddevelopmentofthe

financialsystem.

Keywords:SmallandMediumEnterprises,FinancialConstraints,ChinaIdentificationofBuildingSurfaceMaterialsUsingHyperspectralRemoteSensingImagery

ChengmingYe,VisitingScholar,rsgis@rsgis.sina.com

SaiedPirasteh*,PhDstudent,s2pirast@uwaterloo.ca

JonathanLi,Professor,junli@uwaterloo.ca

WatMosGroup,DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement

FacultyofEnvironment,UniversityofWaterloo

200UniversityAvenueWest,Waterloo,OntarioN2L3G1

ABSTRACT

Themanagementofhazardousbuildingmaterialsposeslegalandfinancialchallengesforthosein

the construction, real estate and property management fields. Building surface materials have

different spectralresponses in theelectromagneticenergy spectrum.RemoteSensors can receive

theenergyreflectionandtransmissionfromthebuildingsurfacematerials.Thisstudyinvestigates

thespectralcharacteristicsofbuildingmaterials in thewavelengthranging from350nmto2500

nm,suchascoloursteel,clay,glazedtileandasphaltconcreteandsoon.Also,itdiscussesextracting

informationmethodsoftheconstructionmaterialsfromthehyperspectralremotesensingimages.

Thisstudyaccomplishesauniquepracticalappliedmodelofspectrummeasurementsandanalyses

ofcommonbuildingmaterialsbyusinghyperspectralremotesensingdataEO-1Hyperionoveran

urbanarea.Ourresultsshowthatbuildingsurfacematerialscanbeidentifiedbythehyperspectral

remotesensingimagerywithareasonablequalityasthespectralsensitivitytobuildingmaterialsis

different. For example, concrete andasphalt are more sensitive than other materials. Our study

concludedthatmethodsbasedonhyperspectralremotesensing imageryandspectralrecognition

techniqueareanefficientwaytoextracttheinformationofbuildingmaterials.

Keywords:buildingmaterial,hyperspectralremotesensing,spectralrecognition,spectrum

analysis

Commonattributesintrees:acasestudyoftheprivateurbanforestintheGreaterToronto

Area

VivianYip(presentingauthor)andTenleyConwayUniversityofTorontoRecentresearchhasemphasizedthathealthyurbanforestsshouldbecomprisedofawidediversity

ofspeciesinordertoincreaseecologicalintegrityandreducevulnerabilitytodiseases,extreme

weatherevents,andotherstressors.Inadditiontomaintainingdiversity,ecologicalintegrityis

supportedthroughthepreservationofnativetreespecies,whichareconsiderednecessaryto

maintainecologicalintegrity.However,urbanforestsareoftencomposedofnovelspecies

assemblages,includingexoticspecies,astheyareshapedbytheirphysicalcharacteristicsand

humaninfluence.Recentstudiesfoundthaturbanlandownersareselectinglandscapingspecies,

includingtrees,basedonasetofaesthetic(i.e.flowersandcolour)andfunctional(i.e.shade

139

provisionandfruitprovision)attributes,withoutconsideringspeciesdiversityorecological

integrity.Asthemajorityofurbantreesarelocatedonprivateproperty,landowners’preferences

expressedthroughtreeplantingandmaintenancehasasignificantimpactontheurbanforest.This

studyexplorestherelationshipbetweenspeciesdiversityandaestheticandfunctionalattribute

diversity,aswellasproperty-levelspeciesrichnessinrelationtohouseholdcharacteristics,to

betterunderstandhowlandownerchoicesmayimpacttheurbanforest.Fieldinventoriesoftrees

onresidentialpropertieswereconductedinMarkhamandOakville,Ontario.Household

characteristicsweregatheredthroughawrittensurveyfocusedonknowledgeandattitudes

towardsurbantrees.Findingsrelatedtoproperty-levelspeciesrichnessandaestheticand

functionalattributewillbeprovided.Thepresentationwillendwithadiscussionofprivate

landowners’influenceontheurbanforest.

Keywords:urbanforest,treeattributes,residentiallandscape,speciesdiversity

Title:FoodbyWard:FoodAssetsandOpportunitiesinToronto

Presenter:LaineYoung

Keywords:FoodSecurity,AssetMapping,Toronto,Community

Abstract

AcrossToronto,communitiesareworkingtirelesslytosolvefoodaccessproblemsandpromote

equitywithinthecity.However,inmanyareas,Torontoniansarestillfoodinsecure.Foodbyward

isaninitiativethroughTorontoPublicHealth’sFoodStrategyandtheTorontoFoodPolicyCouncil.

Thisprojectdocumentscommunityfoodassetswithinthecity.Theseassetsinclude,mobilefood

markets,healthierfoodretail,communityfoodagencies,foodboxprograms,emergencyfood

programs,communitykitchens,farmers’markets,studentnutritionprograms,schooland

communitygardens,foodco-opsandfoodfestivals.Promotingfoodassetswithinthecitywillwork

tonourishcommunities,growanediblecity,celebratefoodfestivalsandeventsandcreategood

foodjobs.Theassetsaremappedbythe44electoralwards.FoodbyWardisamethodof

engagementwithCityCounciltoworktowardsstrengtheningconnectionstomovefoodpriorities

forward,integratingfoodintobroaderCityplanning,andadvocatingequitabledistributionoffood

assetsacrosstheCity.Thisprojectusedmultipledatasourcesincludingcommunityconsultation

withorganizationsandindividualswhoareworkingwithinthesefoodassetsdaily,andexisting

opensourceCityofTorontodata.Inoutliningeachward’sfoodassets,wewerealsoableto

determinethefoodopportunitiesinthevariousareasofToronto.Thisinitiativeprovideda

connectionbetweentheCityCouncilorsandtheircommunitymemberstoworktowardsacommon

goalofpromotingfoodassetsforallTorontonians.

Title:QualityEvaluationofVolunteeredGeographicInformation:TheCaseof

OpenStreetMap

Author:HongyuZhang(DepartmentofGeography,WesternUniversity)

RegistrationID:96176882

Abstract:Alargeamountofcrowd-sourcedgeospatialdatahavebeencreatedinrecentyearsdueto

theinteractivityofWeb2.0andtheavailabilityofGlobalPositioningSystem(GPS).Thisgeo-

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informationistypicallyreferredtoasvolunteeredgeographicinformation(VGI).OpenStreetMap

(OSM)isapopularVGIplatformthatallowsuserstocreateoreditmapsusingGPS-enableddevices

oraerialimageries.Theissueofqualityofgeo-informationgeneratedbyOSMhasbecomea

trendingresearchtopicbecauseofthelargesizeofthedatasetandtheinapplicabilityofLinus’Law

inageospatialcontext.ThispapersystematicallyreviewsthequalityevaluationprocessofOSM,

anddemonstratesacasestudyofLondon,Canadafortheassessmentofcompleteness,positional

accuracyandattributeaccuracy.Thefindingsofthequalityevaluationcanpotentiallyserveasa

guideofcartographicproductselectionandprovideabetterunderstandingofthedevelopmentof

OSMqualityovergeographicspaceandtime.

Keywords:dataquality,VolunteeredGeographicInformation,OpenStreetMap

HongyuZhang

MScCandidate|DepartmentofGeography

FacultyofSocialScience|WesternUniversity

DeterminationofForestInventoryParametersUsinga

TerrestrialLaserScanner

SimonH.Zhao,MScStudent,JonathanLi*,Professor,LinfeiMa,MScStudent

WatMosGroup,DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement

FacultyofEnvironment,UniversityofWaterloo

200UniversityAvenueWest,Waterloo,OntarioN2L3G1

{h224zhao,junli,l53ma}@uwaterloo.ca

ABSTRACT

Conventional forest inventory methods such as field surveys and aerial photointerpretation are

time-consumingandlabourintensive.Thisposterpresentsanovelmethodforcapturingtheforest

inventory parameters, including diameter at breast height, height and diameters along stem

profiles,usingaterrestriallaserscanner.Thedensepointclouddatacollectedbythescannerwere

processedbythealgorithmsandsoftwaretoolsdevelopedatourWatMosLabintheUniversityof

Waterloo through a collaborative research program at Xiamen University, China. Our method

consistsofthreesteps:(1)detectionandextractionofindividualtreesinpointcloudsbasedonthe

statistical calculationof the localmaximumheightvalueof individual trees, (2)calculationof the

treeheightalong thestemprofile,whichranges fromthepeakpoint to thebottompointofeach

tree, and (3) determination of the diameter at breast height using a cylinder fitting algorithm.A

totaloffourpointclouddatasetscontainingover82.65millionpointswithadatasizeof2.61GB,

covering different forest scenes in a fairly rough terrainwere collected by a Trimble TX 8 laser

scannerinnorthFujian,Chinaandusedinthisstudy.Besides,atotalof427individualtreeswere

manually measured as ground truthing data. Our experimental results demonstrated the

effectivenessandreliabilityofourmethod,asindicatedbytheprecisionof0.82,therecallof0.99,

andtheF1-scoreof89.80%thatwereobtainedusingthefourdatasets.

Keywords:forestinventory,geometricparameter,terrestriallaserscanner,pointcloud

141

Challengesinevaluationofsafetyeffectofroundabouts

YueZhao*

DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo,200University

AveWest,Waterloo,N2L3G1,Canada.

*CorrespondingauthorE-mail:y349zhao@uwaterloo.ca

JeanAndrey

DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo,200University

AveWest,Waterloo,N2L3G1,Canada.jandrey@uwaterloo.ca

PeterDeadman

DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo,200University

AveWest,Waterloo,N2L3G1,Canada.pjdeadma@uwaterloo.ca

Roundabouts,asanewformofintersectiontrafficcontrol,arebeingtoutedassignificantly

improvingsafetyandefficiency.AlthoughtheCanadianexperiencewithroundaboutsisquite

limited,comparedtotheUnitedStatesandotherEuropeancountries,thebenefitsofroundabouts

havedrawngrowinginterest,androundaboutsarebeingconstructedincreasinglyinrecentyears

inCanada.However,moreresearchisneededtounderstandthesafetyeffectofroundabouts.

Accordingly,theeffectofinclementweatheronroundaboutssafetyandthesafetyeffectof

conversionfromtraditionalstopsignandsignalcontrolintersectionstomodernroundaboutswill

beinvestigated.However,tostudythesafetyeffectofroundabouts,someconventionalmethodsdo

notfitwelltheusualcircumstancesofobservationalstudies.Thus,exampleswillbeprovidedto

showsomechallengesinanalyzingroundaboutssafety.Thematched-pairapproachwillbe

demonstratedasaneffectiveapproachforquantifyingtheeffectofinclementweatheron

roundaboutssafety.Furthermore,theempiricalBayesprocedureisusedtoanalyzethesafetyeffect

ofconvertingtraditionalstopsignandsignalcontrolintersectionstoroundabouts.

Keyword: roundabouts, safety effect, weather, empirical Bayes

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NOTES