2016 Smart Grid R&D Program

Peer Review Meeting

CSEISMIC testing on Real Time Digital

Simulation

Michael Starke

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

August 2016

December 2008

CSEISMIC testing on Real Time Digital Simulation

Objectives & Outcomes

Life-cycle Funding

Summary ($K)

Prior to

FY 16

FY16,

authorized

FY17,

requested

Out-year(s)

$200k $0k $200k $200k

Technical Scope

2

• Provide rapid prototyping and testing platform

for microgrid systems.

• System should be able to test communications,

controls, and basic functionality of a microgrid

controller.

MATLAB

OPTIMIZATION

National Instruments

CRIO (SCADA)

National Instruments

CRIO – Solar Inverter

MATLAB

National Instruments

CRIO – ES Inverter

National Instruments

sbRIO – Load Profile

RSCAD – DECC

Microgrid Model

MASTER

CONTROLLER

INTELLIGENT

ELECTRONIC DEVICES

LOAD

SYSTEM MODEL

DAY AHEAD

PRICE

Residential Aggregated

Load Profile

ENVIRONMENTAL DATA

National Instruments

sbRIO – Load Relay

National Instruments

CRIO – Microgrid Switch

• Testing of CSEIMSMIC controller on

DECC model.

• Testing of CSEISMIC controller on EPB

system

December 2008

Problem Statement

3

• Utilities are conservative and need validation of system functionality before deployments.

• Microgrid controller functionality is comprehensive and needs testing of communications, controls, and protection.

• Round-trip development and testing of hardware typically is long (years).

• Very costly to test technology under different system configurations of actual hardware.

December 2008

Current Practices

4

• Systems are mostly developed in simulation.

• Single function testing is conducted for specific applications.

• Deployed directly to the field with long debug and testing periods.

December 2008

Approach to rapidly prototype different generations of microgrid systems.

Simulation

• Matlab/Multi-sim

• Initial Proof of Concept on Controls

Simulation-HIL

• Real Time Digital Simulation (Hardware in the loop)

• SI-GRID, (lev. LDRD)

Hardware - DECC

• Full Power System Testing Platform

• 480V Microgrid with actual sources.

Demo Site

• Full Prototype deployment

• Southern Company

• EPB

Methodology for Development (Platforms)

December 2008

RTDS - Hardware in the Loop

• Full Inverter Device

Controllers for PV and

Energy Storage (P/Q and

V/F modes and with

droop)

• Smart Microgrid switch

(Point of Common

Coupling)

• Load Relays that provide

measurements.

• Solar Forecasting and

Load Forecasting

• Modbus communications

layer

• Model of Distributed

Energy and

Communications

Laboratory

MATLAB

OPTIMIZATION

National Instruments

CRIO (SCADA)

National Instruments

CRIO – Solar Inverter

MATLAB

National Instruments

CRIO – ES Inverter

National Instruments

sbRIO – Load Profile

RSCAD – DECC

Microgrid Model

MASTER

CONTROLLER

INTELLIGENT

ELECTRONIC DEVICES

LOAD

SYSTEM MODEL

DAY AHEAD

PRICE

Residential Aggregated

Load Profile

ENVIRONMENTAL DATA

National Instruments

sbRIO – Load Relay

National Instruments

CRIO – Microgrid Switch

December 2008

RTDS-HIL Test Bed

NI and RTDS Device Controller Screens Forecasting and Optimization

December 2008

SI-GRID

December 2008

Reconfiguration

December 2008

Physical System

Inverter Board

NI cRIO

Multiple

switchable

connection ports

Server Rack

December 2008

Distributed Communications and Controls Laboratory (DECC) as Validation to System Model

December 2008

Test Case (DECC Model)

50kW

100 kW

December 2008

Identical Controllers as RTDS

• National Instruments controller

hardware is identical to that

utilized on RTDS.

December 2008

Developed Test Cases

• Startup On-grid/Startup Off-grid (Blackstart)

• On-Grid (Optimization/Unit Commitment)

• Energy Storage and Load/Energy Storage, PV, and Load/ Generator, PV, and Load

• Islanding

• Energy Storage and Load/Energy Storage, PV, and Load/ Generator, PV, and Load

• Unintentional Islanding

• Energy Storage and Load/Energy Storage, PV, and Load/ Generator, PV, and Load

• Resynchronization

• Energy Storage and Load/Energy Storage, PV, and Load/ Generator, PV, and Load

14

* Note each of these has use cases in associated with relative size

December 2008

Voltage/Frequency Control and Islanding CSEISMIC 1.0

December 2008

Resynchronization CSEISMIC 1.0

December 2008

RTDS: On-grid Optimization Run

December 2008

Transition to Off-grid

Energy Storage Charging while in V/f

Voltage maintained during off-grid period.

RTDS: Transition to Off-grid Extended Run

December 2008

RTDS Islanding

19

• Islanding (Energy Storage, PV, and Load)

Microgrid Switch Contoller

Microgrid ES Contoller

December 2008

RTDS Resynchronization

20

Microgrid Switch Contoller

December 2008

DECC Results Islanding

Microgrid Source Contoller

Microgrid Switch Contoller

Microgrid Frequency

• Islanding on DECC

• Generator, PV, and Load.

December 2008

DECC Results Resynchronization

Microgrid Source Contoller

Microgrid Switch Contoller

Microgrid Frequency

• Resynchronization on DECC

• Generator, PV, and Load

December 2008

Lessons Learned

– Models can never perfectly represent all the

details of the system.

• With real system, communication latency increased

as a result of the distance between devices.

• PV system inverter was vendor based. Would trip

under slightest frequency excursion. Also Modbus

interface is very slow.

• Islanding switch had noisy feedback (pulse base on

close). Additional coding on CRIO required.

• Inverter EMI and filtering often caused nuisance

tripping. Inverter also has a minimum limited band

(due to CT ratios). This can impact the closed loop.

December 2008

RTDS Modeling of EPB

24

• This system is currently in design phase.

• Large PV system released for proposal with planned commissioning in Spring.

• PV inverters are MPPT based no reactive control.

• ES has islanding capability.

December 2008

Snapshot of User Windows for ES/Switch (DDS Islanding and Resynchronization on RTDS)

Master Controller Stub

ES Device Microgrid Switch Device

December 2008

Graphical results of islanding/ resynchronization

0.29481 0.30598 0.31715 0.32832 0.33948 0.35065 0.36182

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

kA

IgridA IgridB IgridC ES2IA ES2IB ES2IC

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

kV

S1) N7 S1) N8 S1) N9 S1) N10 S1) N11 S1) N12

0.29481 0.30598 0.31715 0.32832 0.33948 0.35065 0.36182

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

kA

IgridA IgridB IgridC ES2IA ES2IB ES2IC

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

kV

S1) N7 S1) N8 S1) N9 S1) N10 S1) N11 S1) N12

Islanding • Device code deployed to National

Instruments CRIOs for demonstration testing.

• Demonstrated DDS islanding with RTDS.

Resynchronization • Device code deployed to National

Instruments CRIOs for demonstration testing.

• Demonstrated DDS resync with RTDS.

• Initial concerns related to possible overhead communications

through DDS unfounded.

December 2008

Reports/Publications

Accepted Publications

• Xiao, Bailu; Starke, Michael; King, Dan; Irminger, Philip; Herron, Andrew; Ollis, Ben;

Xue,Yaosuo, Implementation of System Level Control and Communications in a

Hardware-in-the-Loop Microgrid Testbed, accepted to IEEE Innovative Smart Grid

Technologies, 2016.

Journal/Conference Publications

• Xiao, Bailu; Prabakar, Kumaraguru; Starke, Michael R; Liu, Guodong; Dowling, Kevin

Ollis, T Ben; Irminger, Philip; Xu, Yan; Dimitrovski, Aleksandar D; Development of

Hardware-in-the-loop Microgrid Testbed, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and

Exposition, September 2015.

December 2008

FY17

• Microgrid controller FOA testing

• Collaboration with MIT – evaluate results of utilizing the same controllers in two different platforms.

28

December 2008

Contact Information

Michael Starke

R&D Staff

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

starkemr@ornl.gov

865-241-2573