2017

Hiroshi wanna escape from the fire

How to avoid fire disaster?

Content

The dramatis personae ............................................................................................. 2

Chapter-01: Hiroshi was safe ................................................................................... 0

Chapter-02: Fire Fighting at Initial Stage ............................................................... 1

Chapter-03: Ensure Evacuation route ..................................................................... 2

Chapter-04: Fire Door ............................................................................................... 4

Chapter-05: Route of Smoke ..................................................................................... 5

Chapter-06: Inspection of firefighting tools ............................................................. 6

Chapter-07: Fire source ............................................................................................. 7

Chapter-08: Fire Drill ............................................................................................. 10

終わりに ............................................. エラー! ブックマークが定義されていません。

The dramatis personae

Mr. Hiroshi

Mike Catharine’s

friend

Greg Expert of

building approval

Fire fighter

Bob Student of

Greg

Hiroshi’s dark mind

Catherine Student of

Greg

A friend of Hiroshi’s dark mind

Chapter-01: Hiroshi was safe

Hiroshi lives in a flat.,

One day, his house started burning. Hiroshi should run away from fire.

Fortunately, Hiroshi could escape from the fire and was safe.

Hi Everyone, Welcome to my class again. OK Newspaper said, the flat that Hiroshi lives was burned.

Hiroshi was safe. Namely, he was lucky, though the situation could had been worse.

You are right, Catherine. The usual evacuation training saved his life. And I would like to remind you that in addition to the training, the building that has fire protection design also could save his life.

Oh, I see! (Thank you, Greg)

Hiroshi could evacuate smoothly without panic.

He could do his best to escape from the fire. It was a good job.

We were surprised, but Hiroshi could evacuate smoothly. I think he always joins the evacuation training every time. He has a sense of duty for joining training. It is good to help his life.

Chapter-02: Fire Fighting at Initial Stage

Hiroshi, your stand

point is too far, if

you want to fight

the fire! Oh, no!

The fire frame

already becomes

bigger. Run away,

immediately

Hiroshi. It is too

risky staying any

longer.

Hiroshi told me that he immediately run away, because he found the fire height is taller that his height. I suppose he considered the safety first.

When fire is smaller, the firefighting at Initial Stage is important. Fire Fighting at

Initial Stage can protect the property as minimum damaged. But if the fire goes

larger up to Second Stage, you must run away from the fire source.

The identification of Initial Stage of fire is difficult. Approximate estimation is a) height of fire is less than your height (or the ceiling). b) Time is less than 2 or 3 minutes after the fire occurs or breaks. Anyhow, if you consider you cannot control fire, you must escape from the fire source.

Catherine, Hiroshi's judgement was correct. When we consider the fire becomes Second Stage, we should consider to evacuate from the fire. Namely we should give up firefighting by ourselves.

When the fire burns the ceiling, the temperature of circumstance is more than one thousand degrees.

If you afford to your mind when you evacuate, it is better to close the doors and windows to avoid expansion of the fire.

Oh, I see!

Chapter-03: Ensure Evacuation route

Oh No Mike, this direction is wrong. It is very risky.

You would enter the fire route by selection.

Catherine, Mike selected wrong route at first. However, fortunately, he was safe, because he escaped from the other route after he found the fire.

It was good situation, there were two emergency staircases.

Oh, I see.

If there are two emergency staircases, we can use other route when one emergency staircase could not be used under some reasons. So, installation of two different direction staircases are good situation for safety.

You are right, Catherine. We should make a level-headed decision in a contained way. By the way, regarding the evacuation route, it is better to avoid dead-end corridor. And designer shall consider the balance of arrangement of staircases to lead the users to the safety area properly.

Hiroshi told me that he was surprised Mike ran way to the direction of the fire. I think when the fire occurred, the command of evacuation should be announced. So, Mike must start the evacuation after confirm the announcement.

<Tea Break>

Japanese expert shows the simulation of the fire-smoke extension in CNCRP. Let’s see it.

Source

① ②

③ ④

⑤ ⑥

⑦

If the doors of the room don’t exist, the smoke expands in the staircase like chimney. Therefore, there is no space to evacuate. To avoid the situation as above, it is important to take care the followings; 1) Closing the space between the room and staircase. 2) Closing the space between the upper and lower floors.

Chapter-04: Fire Door

Hiroshi, do you know the

function of fire doors?

As the mentioned simulation by CNCRP, setting the fire door means to separate the staircase from the room. Thus, the fire door is very important issue when we consider the fire safety.

Fire door confines the fire in the room. Therefore, it is important that the door must have the fireproofing function.

Hiroshi told me that it was bad situation for a while because the fire door got stuck by the objectives. It was very dangerous. We should take care to avoid these kinds of obstacle.

When the fire occurs, the staircase may become the chimney, so we have to separate staircase from the smoke in the room.

Besides, we found the following issue through RMG project. There are three staircases in the factory, two of them were installed fire doors as emergency staircases. However, since for the last staircase the fire doors were not installed, the staircase works as the chimney. Then, all the rooms are considered to be filled by smoke in a few moment.

I think we should understand the reason why we should install the fire doors.

Oh, I see

Chapter-05: Route of Smoke

Have you ever seen the hole to connect between lower and upper floors like picture A? As you may know, this is also path for smoke. In Bangladesh this kind of holes or clearances along the pipes, cables and so on are commonly found. These should be shut like picture B.

Hiroshi told me that he did not find any smokes during his evacuation.

Oh, I see

The lift can become the chimney, if the smoke goes in the lift. Therefore, the countermeasures for the fire and smoke around the lift is also important.

Catherine, it is very important factor. In other words, the building which Hiroshi lives in, has a good design for fire protection to separate evacuation route from the fire and smoke.

As the summary, it is high cost to complete fire proofing structure perfectly. Therefore, it is realistic way to withstand the fire and smoke in a short time to ensure the evacuation time from the building fire.

At the same time, it is also important to close the opening, penetration points of pipes, and so on to close between upper and lower floors.

A B

Chapter-06: Inspection of firefighting tools

Hiroshi, you don't play

trick on the firefighting

tool. Oh my god, your

boss can not use the fire

hose.

The firefighting tools shall be checked periodically. It is a bad situation, if you cannot use them in emergency situation.

The boss of Hiroshi told me he could not use the fire hose, because it cannot be expanded easily. So, he also told that they should expand the hoses to avoid tangle of the hoses. I think this kind of efforts protect us.

You are right, Catherine. It is important to do the periodical checking.

Besides, we have to be interested in the way to use the Firefighting Kits, because we can do stopping the fire if the fire is smaller. So, it is better to learn how to use extinguishers.

Oh, I see.

Through RMG support project of CNCRP, we found the fire safety plan in the factories. In the plan, the person in charge of the fire safety was decided. And the firefighting team was also decided. Besides, they checked firefighting tools periodically for their duty. It is a good situation.

Chapter-07: Fire source

Hiroshi, don’t put too many plugs in one outlet.

It is very dangerous.

Oh Fire!

According to FSCD, the cause of the fire, No. 1 is electrical leakage, and No.2 is by forgetting to extinguish a cigarette.

Regarding the electrical issues, it is not only the plugs but also, the generator connection of cables, the shortage of cable capacities, and so on. We should pay attention to them.

I don’t have customs of cigarette, but I have a possibility to have fire because of leakage. I have to pay attention to it.

We sometimes to see the generator installed in the basement or the ground floor at the staircase. As you may know, some cases of the fire occur by the generator problems.

If the fire occurs, and in case the room/door of generator is not closing, the staircase would be filled with fire and smoke.

So, it is important to see the building, if the fire occurs, whether the fire and smoke go into the building or not.

Oh, I see

<Tea Break>

Checklist for the fire safety in CNCRP can provide the judgment as primary

checking whether the building is considered in fire safety or not.

Methodology

The room which has combustible materials

The room in which the fire is used.

The room in which the dangerous materialstored.

stair well/well hole

Equipment Shaft through plural stairs

Enclosed stairway

Lift Shaft

Spandrel

The protection to avoidthe fire expansion widely

1,500㎡ each

control room

Fire fighting pump room

Generator room

Equipment Shaft regarding fire protection

The stairs that canevacuate two directions.

Regarding the evacuation stairs, ingeneral, it shall be installed in thesymmetry configuration, because we shallconsider the case we can not use one stairby fire.

Walk distanceAnd based on BNBC, it is desirable toreach a stair within 45m.

Ensure the evacuationroute to the outside

The displaced persons shall avoid fireduring evacuation, if they reach the stairs.

Not leave anything in thestairway

Evacuation routeEnsure evaluation route totwo direction of stairs

Ensure the evacuation route to more thantwo stairway from any locations.

Theseparation/compartment ofevacuation route byincombustible materials

The compartment/separation ofevacuation route shall be installed usingincombustible materials to vacatetemporary. And the automatic closing firedoor shall be made by incombustiblematerials. To protect the stairway fromthe smoke, it is desirable to install lobby.

Not leave anything in theevacuation route

Contents

Risky area of fire breakout

The protection to avoidthe fire expansion toupstairs.

The fire compartment notto be impacted by the fire

Fire compartment

Stair

exit lightingInstallation of light to showthe location of stairway

exit lighting with emergency power

emergency lighting Installation of light whichhas enough illuminance tolighten floor.

Emergency light with emergency power

Fire Alarm The alam shall be installedon the room in whichsomebody are usually in it.

The alam shall be installed on the room inwhich somebody in it.

Equipment of emergencyannoucement

Annoucement, bells and so on

Equipment of emergencycommunication with fireService

fire extinguisher

indoor fire hydrant

sprinkler

Other special fireextinguishing systems

Gas, Powder, Bubble

Action space

Admission port

Emergency lift

Connecting water supplying pipe

Water utilization for fire fighting

Emergencyorganization

fire defense organization forself-protection

In case fire breakout①Fire information ot fire service ②Evacuee Guiding System with publicannouncement③First- aid fire fightingOrganizations can do smoothly the aboveissues.

Control roomIt is necessary to monitorthe rooms when someoneuse the room.

control board for fire protection

Equipment ofcommunication

Chapter-08: Fire Drill

Hiroshi, the fire drill is not running race!

In the fire drill in Japan, we can receive the lecture from fire service, like from FSCD in Bangladesh.

According to new BNBC, establishment of the fire plan and performance of fire drill are requested (See Part 4, Appendix A “Fire Drill and Evacuation Procedure”

Frequency of Fire Drill is also required by BNBC. For example, Residential Buildings are “Yearly”, Educational Facilities are “Monthly”. Buildings for Institution for Care are “Yearly”. Health Facilities are “Quarterly”. And so on.

Oh, didn't know that! But for me it is a waste time, Educational Facilities are “Monthly”! Do you think it is quite high frequent, don't you?

Catherine, in the abnormal situation, we should be cool down, and we should do the correct judgement. To avoid misjudgment, we should learn the evacuation route through the fire drills. As you may know, Mike ran away to the opposite side. Do you think it was dangerous, don’t you?

Then, in the drill we should make scenario. For example, if the fire occurs in the kitchen at the Hiroshi’ s house, which stair will we use it? What will we do if the Mike’s house starts the fire? As you may know the evacuation route is different by the place of fire outbreak. So, we should understand these patterns in the drill. Therefore, the fire drill is important. We should be serious.

Oh, I see

Chapter-09 Closing this leaflet

How did you feel this leaflet?

You are standing at start line of the training. Of course, you will learn the fire protection

through this time training. But some of you don’t have any experience, therefore some of

you feel stress to learn this technology. Considering these engineers, we prepare a leaflet

to show the outline of fire protection design as comical and light sense.

In this book, there are less technical issues, because technical items are learned in the

training. As you may know there is a purpose of rule. So, I hope you understand the

concept why there are rules for fire safety design through this leaflet. If you can, I request

you to read this leaflet before joining in the training. It provides us pleasure, if this leaflet

helps you to understand fire safety design concept before training.

By the way, since this leaflet is just first version for the training, we have plan to modify

and to improve if necessary and as far as possible. Therefore, if you have unclear issues

in the leaflet or ideas for improvement, please don't hesitate to advise us. It is our pleasure

to revise it according to your advice.

You can access "http://www.bspp-bd.com/ " and click "Contact us", then your message

reaches us.

We are looking forward to your comments.

Sincerely yours.

Fumio Kaneko

Team leader of BSPP Expert Team

Thanks a lot for your attention!