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“Helping non‐experts make expert decisions to achieve faster and more effective outcomes”
2019 S&ME Conference: Systems and Mission Analysis in a DOTMLPF-P Knowledge Graph
Matthew Maher and Rob Orlando
data knowledge understanding Processus Group
• Why use Knowledge Modeling (KM) with Knowledge Graphs (KGs)?
• Integrate KGs into Existing Systems Engineering or Business Processes
• DOTMLPF‐P in a Knowledge Graph for CEMA Optimization
• Summary• Next Steps• Questions
Agenda
High level Knowledge Graph Example
Personal
Pos‐EW SGT
RANK‐E5MOS‐17E20
Organization
Material
Doctrine
Training
17E Transition Course
Type‐TEWS
Role‐EA/EP/SAPOS‐ EW PL
FM 3‐38 Cyber Electromagnetic
Activities
FM 3‐36 Electronic Warfare
Operations
Leadership
data knowledge understanding Processus Group
Knowledge Modeling is the process of capturing knowledge and intelligence in the form of Knowledge Graphs or Ontologies.Knowledge Graphs answer the following questions:• How do I fit into the big
picture?• Are we doing the right things?• How do we work together?
Why Use Knowledge Modeling with Knowledge Graphs?
Conduct Effects Targeting
Conduct Information Collection
Conduct Information Processing
Conduct Information Analysis
Deliver ES
Report CEMA Monitoring
data knowledge understanding Processus Group
How do I fit into the big picture?• Create dynamic Situational Understanding (SU) by combining data with knowledge. Understanding that allows non-experts to
make expert decisions.• Data + Knowledge = Understanding. Understanding leads to faster, more accurate, and better coordinated decision-making.Are we doing the right things?• Define an explicit representation of a domain so everyone has the same starting point. Provide references that create a
machine and human readable knowledge base that can be used to support cognitive capabilities.• KGs map the cause and effect relationships of data and knowledge to information throughout the DOTMLPF-P domain
enabling rapid understanding of second and third order effects of decisions and actions. How do we work together?• Break down silos by translating between functional teams through the mapping of the cause and effect relationships.
• Depending on the scope, functional teams could refer to acquisitions (i.e. logistics, technical, test, business analysts, etc.), functional teams could refer to operations (i.e. intel, sustainment, maneuver, fires, signal, etc.), or functional teams could refer to both groups.
• KGs improve Knowledge Management and knowledge retention. Not everyone speaks DoDAF/MoDAF, SysML/UML. We all, however, speak subject-predicate-object.
Use Knowledge Graphs to Answers Three Core Questions
data knowledge understanding Processus Group
• Develop a multi-domain model in a KG that addresses multiple levels of depth and breadth
• Decision makers focused on the What/Why use the same data as the decision makers focused on the How.
• KGs becomes the central point for Data Strategy • KGs provide the ability to siphon structured and unstructured data
organization-wide, helping to make well-informed decisions by gaining further insight through analytics and bringing value to your data.
• KGs integrate with the Risk Management process by dynamically tracking cause and effect relationships
• Enhances Change Management process through the use of SPARQL queries to quickly extract relevant knowledge of the proposed change.
• Queries use the subject-predicate-object format that is easily understood.
• KG development aligns with an agile approach.• KG development fits easily within your sprints- The turnaround
time is quick, and the focus areas of the model can easily be identified in retrospectives and sprint planning sessions.
• DOTMLPF-P Knowledge Graphs provide the end-to-end infrastructure an organization needs to accelerate outcomes for future AI/ML/ANN capabilities.
Integrate KGs into Existing Systems Engineering or Business Processes
data knowledge understanding Processus Group
DOTMLPF‐P for CEMA Optimization
CS(CO)_F4_
Synchronize_CEMA_Support_Ops /*
FuncNarative "The tasks and activities required to integrate all CEMA enablers into a fused set of information that fully enables the implementation of optimized CEMA Operations (fully integreated offensive cyberspace and EW operations)." (en) */
AssetLocationPLIRPT some CS_F6_Report_CEMA_OperationsProvidesyncCEMA_Opsinfo some CS_F1_Integrate_Offensive_Cyberspace_OpsProvidesyncCEMA_Opsinfo some CS_F2_Integrate_Defensive_Cyberspace_OpsProvidesyncCEMA_Opsinfo some CS_F3_Integrate_EW_OpsReceiveIC_OpsInfo some CS_F4.1_Sync_with_ICReceiveIO_OpsInfo some CS_F4.2_Sync_with_Info_Ops_SupportsReceiveSpec_Opsinfo some CS_F4.4_Sync_Spectrum_Support_OpsReceiveTarget_Opsinfo some CS_F4.5_Sync_With_Targeting_ProcessRecieveSpace_OpsInfo some CS_F4.3_Sync_with_Space_OpsSendSPOTRpt some CS_F6_Report_CEMA_Operations'BDA(UA)Report' some CS_F6_Report_CEMA_Operations
CS(CO)_F4.1_Sync_with_IC /* FuncNarative "Coordinate with Intelligence Section to
support ISR integration" (en) */
ProvideIC_OPsinfo some CS_F4_Synchronize_CEMA_Support_Ops
CS(CO)_F4.2_
Sync_with_Info_Ops_Supports /*
FuncNarative "The tasks and activities required to collect, compile, assess, and provide relevant information operations information as part of CEMA Support Operations." (en) */
ProvideIO_Opsinfo some CS_F4_Synchronize_CEMA_Support_Ops
CS(CO)_F4.3_ Sync_with_Space_Ops /*
FuncNarative "The tasks and activities required to synchronize space operations with the CEMA Section." (en) */
ProvideSpace_Opsinfo some CS_F4_Synchronize_CEMA_Support_Ops
CS(CO)_F4.4_
Sync_Spectrum_Support_Ops /*
FuncNarative "The tasks and activities required to collect, compile, assess, and provide relevant spectrum management operations information as part of CEMA Support Operations." (en) */
ProvideSpec_OpsInfo some CS_F4_Synchronize_CEMA_Support_Ops
CS(CO)_F4.5_
Sync_With_Targeting_Process /*
FuncNarative "The tasks and activities required to ensure all approved and emerging targeting requirements are satisfied in accordance with the Unit of Action's execution of the mission." (en) */
ProvdeTarget_OpsInfo some CS_F4_Synchronize_CEMA_Support_Ops
FUOPS
CUOPS
Logical Task to Function Alignment
Domain Conceptual Process model = Planning
Interface and Data exchange
Logical model = Preparation Data model = Execution
TOC
USN
USAF
Joint Service Component
PED
Intel Agencies
UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO
USMC
Army,Joint, National ISR
All SIGINT vehicles have SATCOM to NSA
Engineers Artillery
Infantry
Armor
Logistics
C2
ADA
Infantry
Infantry
• Detect/Recognize/Locate
• Non-kinetic Fires
• Tip/Cue SIGINT
Electronic Warfare
Tactical SIGINT
•Detect/Recognize/Locate/Characterize
• SA (Disposition, Activity & Intent)
• Target Dev• Enable EW
MFEW Air
Mission Command•
DCGS-A
•EWPMT
• CPOF•
AFATDS
• etc…
Close Access Delivery PlatformCyber
PEDCEMACST
Aerial Electronic Warfare for Tactical and Operational Commanders
Tailorable Terrestrial EW / Cyber / Intelligence Team Capabilities
• SIGINT/ES• EW (ES/EA/EP)• Cyber (Close Access Platform Delivery)
LEGEND
Key Comms
Threat
Boundary
Advantageous Comms
UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO
MIEW/UA Operations
CEMA Knowledge Graph
data knowledge understanding Processus Group
Draft Use Case 2 – Mission Analysis
External Ena
blers
EWO
PLC2
PLTX
Targeting WG
IPB WG
Sen
sors
Data
COA Development
PLC2 COP
Modify Work Space
PL TX
Prepare Mission
Analysis Brief
Publish Updated EW Running Estimate
Terrain Geometr
y
PL Emission Controls
PL Capabilit
y
RFIs
PL MA support plan
CDR
EWO
PL Resources Available
PL Location
PL Config /status
PL Asset Allocation
Table
S‐2
S‐3
FSO
Jamming Data
Collection Data
Start MSYes
PL Configuration
NO=data
S‐4
Location of assets
in support of fires
Recommend PIRs
Request Collection DataExternal support
Optimize COA
Higher HQ Plan
Warno 1
Type of Ops
AOR Move and Recon timeTimeline
CDRs Initial Guidance
Knowledge Products from
External
Higher HQ Intel and Knowledge
Products
Warno 2
Risk Guidance
UN IT AOWfF
Priorities
Collection Plan
Deception Plan
Timeline
Movement
Specific Priorities
Mission Statement
Commanders IntentTO CCIRs/EEFIs
EP Planning
EA Planning
ES Planning
EW MA
EW Collection Requirements
EW Target list
EW Intel Requirements
Initial Analysis of Enemy C2
List EW task for ES EW RE
EW Assumptions
EW Constraints
EW planning Guidance
EW Support Requirements
EW MA report
IPB Battlefield Framework
IPB Movement analysis
METT‐C
OCOKA
HPTL
HVTsEW
Targets
AGM
TAIsAmmunit
ions
Analyze BF Environment
Enemy Terrain
HVT
Gaps in PIRs
External Assets for use (External SA)
Terrain Analysis
ENEMY COAs
Start Targeting WG
Target Value Analysis
ATO Request
Intel Limits to AOI
Start IC planOAKOC*
*observations and fields of fire, avenues of approach, key terrain, obstacles, and cover and concealment
MNVR Plan
Scheme of MNVRMNVR TimelineUnit Lanes
EW effects
Tar Selection Standard
Attack Guidance Matrix Planning
D3A‐Decide
Initial IPB
Task acquisition
assets
Attack Means
Target MOEs
Target Set List
EW MOEs
EW Activities
EW Detect Activities
PGM Data
Target List
Weapon sys List
GEO regi ons for EW Threat
Sensor coverage
Prim/sec Target Lines
Recommend PIRS
Process EEI
Process RFIs
GPS Protect plan
GPS Hardenin
g
PL Asset List
EMS Environm
ent survey
NO =RFI
PL Hardenin
g
PL Overlay
Fires Tasks Cyber/EW.PNT Tasks
Specific HPT
Desired Effect
Restrictions
How to Engage
Timing Engagement Fires Ops
Sync
Recommends Targets to
detect, Acquire and attack
ID Combat Assessment
Requirements
Fires RE
Weapon system
accuracy req
Size of Enemy activity
Status of activity
Timeliness of info
S‐3 RE
MS Results
Calculate Risks
Identify Tasks
Identify Constraints
Analyze Fires Trajectories
Intel RE
Legend‐
Process
Documnet
Data Produced
Start/end effort
Decision
Relationship
PLC2 External realtionship
Negative relationship
EWO
Actor
External input
In‐direct relationships
Draft Use Case 2 – Mission Analysis
External Ena
blers
EWO
PLC2
PLTX
Targeting WG
IPB WG
Sen
sors
Data
COA Development
PLC2 COP
Modify Work Space
PL TX
Prepare Mission
Analysis Brief
Publish Updated EW Running Estimate
Terrain Geometr
y
PL Emission Controls
PL Capabilit
y
RFIs
PL MA support plan
CDR
EWO
PL Resources Available
PL Location
PL Config /status
PL Asset Allocation
Table
S‐2
S‐3
FSO
Jamming Data
Collection Data
Start MSYes
PL Configuration
NO=data
S‐4
Location of assets
in support of fires
Recommend PIRs
Request Collection DataExternal support
Optimize COA
Higher HQ Plan
Warno 1
Type of Ops
AOR Move and Recon timeTimeline
CDRs Initial Guidance
Knowledge Products from
External
Higher HQ Intel and Knowledge
Products
Warno 2
Risk Guidance
UN IT AOWfF
Priorities
Collection Plan
Deception Plan
Timeline
Movement
Specific Priorities
Mission Statement
Commanders IntentTO CCIRs/EEFIs
EP Planning
EA Planning
ES Planning
EW MA
EW Collection Requirements
EW Target list
EW Intel Requirements
Initial Analysis of Enemy C2
List EW task for ES EW RE
EW Assumptions
EW Constraints
EW planning Guidance
EW Support Requirements
EW MA report
IPB Battlefield Framework
IPB Movement analysis
METT‐C
OCOKA
HPTL
HVTsEW
Targets
AGM
TAIsAmmunit
ions
Analyze BF Environment
Enemy Terrain
HVT
Gaps in PIRs
External Assets for use (External SA)
Terrain Analysis
ENEMY COAs
Start Targeting WG
Target Value Analysis
ATO Request
Intel Limits to AOI
Start IC planOAKOC*
*observations and fields of fire, avenues of approach, key terrain, obstacles, and cover and concealment
MNVR Plan
Scheme of MNVRMNVR TimelineUnit Lanes
EW effects
Tar Selection Standard
Attack Guidance Matrix Planning
D3A‐Decide
Initial IPB
Task acquisition
assets
Attack Means
Target MOEs
Target Set List
EW MOEs
EW Activities
EW Detect Activities
PGM Data
Target List
Weapon sys List
GEO regi ons for EW Threat
Sensor coverage
Prim/sec Target Lines
Recommend PIRS
Process EEI
Process RFIs
GPS Protect plan
GPS Hardenin
g
PL Asset List
EMS Environm
ent survey
NO =RFI
PL Hardenin
g
PL Overlay
Fires Tasks Cyber/EW.PNT Tasks
Specific HPT
Desired Effect
Restrictions
How to Engage
Timing Engagement Fires Ops
Sync
Recommends Targets to
detect, Acquire and attack
ID Combat Assessment
Requirements
Fires RE
Weapon system
accuracy req
Size of Enemy activity
Status of activity
Timeliness of info
S‐3 RE
MS Results
Calculate Risks
Identify Tasks
Identify Constraints
Analyze Fires Trajectories
Intel RE
Legend‐
Process
Documnet
Data Produced
Start/end effort
Decision
Relationship
PLC2 External realtionship
Negative relationship
EWO
Actor
External input
In‐direct relationships
Collection Data
/Weapons/Sensor Data
Doctrine/Orders
Multi‐domains Data
Joint Warfare Tasking
Intel Data Sources Conduct
Test
Build Prototype
Develop Software
Develop Rqmts.
Design Interfaces
CEMA Ontology(knowledge graph, cause and effect,
domain knowledge)
Use Cases
Edge Data Analytics
Edge Data Analytics
Edge Data Analytics
Edge Data Analytics
Edge Data Analytics
Edge Data Analytics
DOTMLPF‐P in a KG: CEMA Use Case Development Example
data knowledge understanding Processus Group
• The Results- create a scientific modeling techniques, that includes advance data query through SPARQL, Deterministic data analytics, Graph based mathematical validation all in World Wide Web Consortium International Standard.
• Defining an explicate representation of a Domain that is now the creation of a machine and human readable knowledge base that can be used to support supervised learning
• Decreases expenses through operational cost efficiencies
Summary of DOTMPLF‐P in Knowledge Graphs
• The Why- To combine data with knowledge resulting in understanding. Understanding that allows Non-Experts to Make Expert Decisions.
• Data + Knowledge = Understanding, Understanding leads to faster and more accurate decision making
• The How- Through the linking of Data Science to Operational and Doctrinal knowledge.
• Using Semantic driven modeling, graph data structures and deterministic Mathematics that defines the inter-relationships of how DOTMLPF-P connect.
• The What- We created Ontologies/Knowledge Graphs that mapped the relationship of data and knowledge to information up and down DOTMLPF-P capabilities development for CEMA Optimization.
• Creating a dynamic knowledge base of how each layer of DOTMLPF-P connects to every other layer.
Data Source‐Structured, Unstructured and Semi‐Structured
Knowledge Model (Ontology/Knowledge Graph)‐Relationship of “things”. Ops Process in a model
Algorithms‐ ML/AI,Inference, Recommendations,Entity Recognition
Shortest PathCentrality Measure Clustering PathK‐NN
Applications Machine Learning
Semantic Search
Dashboard
Knowledge Share
M&S Analytics
Knowledge Management
XML
SQL
CSV
JSON
Relational DB
Data Analytics‐calculate exact covariance matrix, precise numerical balancing of eachdata point in any data cloud
100% numerical certainty while making assumed data‐distribution models, standard deviations and confidence intervals obsolete
Draft Use Case 2 – Mission Analysis
External Enablers
EWO
PLC2
PLTX
Targeting WG
IPB WG
Sensors
Data
COA Development
PLC 2 COP
Modify Work Space
PL TX
Prepare Mis sion
Anal ysi s Brief
Publis h Updated EW R unning Estimate
Terrain Geomet r
y
PL E miss ion Controls
PL Cap abi lit
y
RFIs
PL MA support plan
CDR
EWO
P L Resources Ava il ab le
PL Locat ion
PL C onf ig/statu s
PL As set A llocation
Table
S‐ 2
S‐3
FSO
Jamming Data
Collection Data
Start MSYes
PL C onfi guration
NO=dat a
S‐4
Location of assets
in support of fires
Recommend P IRs
R equest Coll ection DataExter nal support
Optim ize COA
Higher HQ Plan
Warno 1
Type of Ops AOR Move an d
Re con t imeTimeline
CDRs Ini tial Guidan ce
Knowle dge Product s f rom
Externa l
Higher HQ I ntel an d Knowledg e
Produ cts
Warno 2
R isk Gu idance
UNIT AOWf F
Pr ior ities
Co lle ct ion Plan
De ce ptio n Plan
Timeline
Mo vement
Sp ecif ic Pr ior ities
Missio n Sta tement
Commanders IntentTO CC IR s/EEF Is
EP Planning
EA Plan ning
ES Plannin g
EW MA
EW Co llection Requir ements
EW Target li st
EW Intel RequirementsIniti al Anal ys is
of E nemy C2
L ist E W task for ES EW R E
EW Assumpt ions
EW Co nstrai nts
EW planning Guidan ce
EW Suppo rt Requirements
EW M A repo rt
IPB B attlefi eld Framework
IPB Movement analysis
METT‐C
OCOKA
HPTL
HVTsEW
Targets
AGM
TAIs Ammunitions
Analyze BF Environment
Enemy Ter ra in
HVT
Gap s in PIR s
E xternal Asset s f or use (Ex tern al SA)
Ter rain Analysis
ENEMY COAs
Start Targe ting WG
Target Value Analysis
ATO R equest
I ntel Limits to AOI
Star t IC planOAKOC*
*observations and fields of fire, avenues of approach, key terrain, obstacles, and cover and concealment
MNVR P lan
Scheme of MNVRMNVR Timel ineUnit Lanes
EW effects
Tar Selection Standar d
Att ack Guida nce Matrix
P lan ning
D3A‐Decide
Initi al IPB
Task acqu isition
asset s
Atta ck Means
T arge t MOEs
Target Set L is t
EW MOEs
EW Act ivities
EW Detec t Activit ies
PGM Data
Target L ist
Weapon sys L ist
GE O regio ns for EW Threat
Sensor co verag e
Pr im/sec Target Line s
Recommend PI RS
Process EEI
Process RFIs
GPS Protect plan
GPS Hardenin
g
PL Ass et L ist
EMS Environm
en t survey
NO =RFI
PL Hardenin
g
PL Overl ay
Fires Tasks Cy ber/EW.PNT Tasks
Specific HPT
Desired Ef fect
Rest rictio ns
How to Enga ge
T iming En gageme nt Fires Ops
Sync
Recomme nds Targ ets to
de tect , Acqui re a nd at tack
I D Comb at Asse ssmen t Re quirements
Fi res R E
Weapon system
accuracy req
Size o f En emy activit y
S tatu s of activit y
Timeliness of inf o
S‐3 RE
MS Resul ts
Calcu la te Risks
I denti fy
Ta sks
I denti fy Co nstraints
Analy ze Fires Traj ector ies
Intel RE
Legend‐
P rocess
Do cumnet
Data P ro duced
Sta rt /en d eff ort
De ci sio n
Relat ionship
P LC 2 Externa l rea ltion ship
Neg ative rel ation ship
EWO
Acto r
Externa l inpu t
I n‐di rect relat ionships
Draft Use Case 2 – Mission Analysis
External Enablers
EWO
PLC2
PLTX
Targeting WG
IPB WG
Sensors
Data
COA Development
PLC 2 COP
Modify Work Space
PL TX
Prepare Mis sion
Anal ysi s Brief
Publis h Updated EW R unning Estimate
Terrain Geomet r
y
PL E miss ion Controls
PL Cap abi lit
y
RFIs
PL MA support plan
CDR
EWO
P L Resources Ava il ab le
PL Locat ion
PL C onf ig/statu s
PL As set A llocation
Table
S‐ 2
S‐3
FSO
Jamming Data
Collection Data
Start MSYes
PL C onfi guration
NO=dat a
S‐4
Location of assets
in support of fires
Recommend P IRs
R equest Coll ection DataExter nal support
Optim ize COA
Higher HQ Plan
Warno 1
Type of Ops AOR Move an d
Re con t imeTimeline
CDRs Ini tial Guidan ce
Knowle dge Product s f rom
Externa l
Higher HQ I ntel an d Knowledg e
Produ cts
Warno 2
R isk Gu idance
UNIT AOWf F
Pr ior ities
Co lle ct ion Plan
De ce ptio n Plan
Timeline
Mo vement
Sp ecif ic Pr ior ities
Missio n Sta tement
Commanders IntentTO CC IR s/EEF Is
EP Planning
EA Plan ning
ES Plannin g
EW MA
EW Co llection Requir ements
EW Target li st
EW Intel RequirementsIniti al Anal ys is
of E nemy C2
L ist E W task for ES EW R E
EW Assumpt ions
EW Co nstrai nts
EW planning Guidan ce
EW Suppo rt Requirements
EW M A repo rt
IPB B attlefi eld Framework
IPB Movement analysis
METT‐C
OCOKA
HPTL
HVTsEW
Targets
AGM
TAIs Ammunitions
Analyze BF Environment
Enemy Ter ra in
HVT
Gap s in PIR s
E xternal Asset s f or use (Ex tern al SA)
Ter rain Analysis
ENEMY COAs
Start Targe ting WG
Target Value Analysis
ATO R equest
I ntel Limits to AOI
Star t IC planOAKOC*
*observations and fields of fire, avenues of approach, key terrain, obstacles, and cover and concealment
MNVR P lan
Scheme of MNVRMNVR Timel ineUnit Lanes
EW effects
Tar Selection Standar d
Att ack Guida nce Matrix
P lan ning
D3A‐Decide
Initi al IPB
Task acqu isition
asset s
Atta ck Means
T arge t MOEs
Target Set L is t
EW MOEs
EW Act ivities
EW Detec t Activit ies
PGM Data
Target L ist
Weapon sys L ist
GE O regio ns for EW Threat
Sensor co verag e
Pr im/sec Target Line s
Recommend PI RS
Process EEI
Process RFIs
GPS Protect plan
GPS Hardenin
g
PL Ass et L ist
EMS Environm
en t survey
NO =RFI
PL Hardenin
g
PL Overl ay
Fires Tasks Cy ber/EW.PNT Tasks
Specific HPT
Desired Ef fect
Rest rictio ns
How to Enga ge
T iming En gageme nt Fires Ops
Sync
Recomme nds Targ ets to
de tect , Acqui re a nd at tack
I D Comb at Asse ssmen t Re quirements
Fi res R E
Weapon system
accuracy req
Size o f En emy activit y
S tatu s of activit y
Timeliness of inf o
S‐3 RE
MS Resul ts
Calcu la te Risks
I denti fy
Ta sks
I denti fy Co nstraints
Analy ze Fires Traj ector ies
Intel RE
Legend‐
P rocess
Do cumnet
Data P ro duced
Sta rt /en d eff ort
De ci sio n
Relat ionship
P LC 2 Externa l rea ltion ship
Neg ative rel ation ship
EWO
Acto r
Externa l inpu t
I n‐di rect relat ionships
Collection Data
/Weapons/Sensor Data
Doctrine/Orders
Multi‐domains Data
Joint Warfare Tasking
Intel Data Sources Conduct
Test
Build Prototype
Develop Software
Develop Rqmts.
Design Interfaces
C O l
knowledge)
CEMA Ontology(knowledge graph, cause and effect,
domain knowledge)
Use Cases
Data Model
Edge Data Analytics
Edge Data Analytics
Edge Data Analytics
Edge Data Analytics
Edge Data Analytics
Edge Data Analytics
Edge Data AnalyticsEdge Data
Analytics
Edge Data Analytics
Edge Data Analytics
Edge Data Analytics
Edge Data Analytics
Edge Data Analytics
Edge Data Analytics
Results: an Explicit Representation of a CEMA Domain
data knowledge understanding Processus Group
Questions?Points of Contact: Matthew Maher ([email protected]) Rob Orlando ([email protected])