202 Hp 42 274 Hiệu Ứng Tâm Lý Của Các Hợp Chất Xạ Hương

8/9/2019 202 Hp 42 274 Hiu ng Tm L Ca Cc Hp Cht X Hng

1/25

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Hiu ng tm l ca cc hp cht x hng :So snh cc Andostadi!non!"#i andost!nol "$ %uscon!Suma &aco' ( Sh!ila )acia ( *a"ind! Ha+!h ("$ %atha ,- %c.lintoc/0

,hoa 1m l ( 2in 1m "$ Sinh h3c ( 4i h3c.hicago (.hicago( 5llinois 67689h;n 770 ( s?a 77> ( chp nh;n 00 thng B>77>1#c 770 - - 4Txc

Apil 00( >77>e!"iousl+( ! ha"! shon that B(06Iandostaon! modulat!s ps+chological stat!( !ducing nmood and inc!asing positi"! mood R&aco' an.lintoc/( >777 &aco' !t al-( >770a- 5n od! h!th! simila mus/+ compounds also podu!!cts( ! compa!d th! !!cts o andostadthos! o andost!nol and muscon!( m!asuing

ps+chologicalstat!s o 89 paticipants- Andost!nol andmuscon! !! chos!n '!caus! th!+ too ha"! aodo at high conc!ntations( hil! andost!noli/! andostadi!non! and muscon! is not- 5n ala'oato+ s!tting( ! conduct!d a dou'l!I'liithinIsu'!ct( !p!at!dIm!asu!s !xp!im!n

count!'alanc!do od! o p!s!ntation- jnd! !ach paticipnos!( a nanomola amount o !ach compoundas p!s!nt!d( mas/!d '+ clo"! oil to minimolacto+ di!!nc!s- eaticipants compl!t!d 'as!lin! ps+chological 'att!+ and tic! agaiint!"als at! !xposu!- Andostadi!non!s !ps+chological stat! !! uniXu! in compaisothos! o andost!nol and ith muscon!- fxpothough passi"! inhalation( ath! than d!ma

as suici!nt o th!s! !!cts- Although this!"id!nc! that andostadi!non! ma+ '! a ph!oit is +!t to '! d!t!min!d h!th! humans !xuconc!ntations into th! ai ad!Xuat! o social

communicationo poc!ss this ch!mical inomation ithin nsocial cont!xts- >77> fls!"i! Sci!nc! RjS

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l$ 77> fls!"i! Sci!nc! R%q1r /h[a: ch!mosignals ph!omon! m\i ( tmtng cc hp cht x hng st!oid -1Qn hiu h[a h3c xE hJi Mnh h]ng 770- kto th!s! ch!mosignals can !l!ct th!i odo Xsuch as pung!nc+( amiliait+( h!donic "alanco conscious d!t!ction( and !cogni!d souc!

stimulus- e!"iousl+( ! ha"! d!monstat!d tpaticula st!oid( B(06Iandostadi!nI8Ion! Rcnam!: andostadi!non!( modulat!s ps+choloand ph+siological "aia'l!s ithout consciouas an odo R&aco' and %c.lintoc/( >777 &acal-( >770a- 1h! goal o this stud+ as to '!gith! ch!mical and olacto+ stimulus sp!ciicitandostadi!non!-anomola amounts o andostadi!non! a!c!motional and aousal stat!s( Xuantii!d '+

m!asu!s o ps+chological stat! Rev%S(Ak.5( and 2AS scal!s R&aco' and %c.lintocAndostadi!non! p!"!nts th! dop in positi"!and is! o n!gati"! mood( hich t+picall+ octh! odo cai! condition duing ou !xp!impotocols- 1his sugg!sts that andostadi!non!modulat!s th! ph+siological m!chanisms o !stat!s and att!ntion- 5nd!!d( andostadi!non! c!!'al glucos! utiliation in 'ain a!as not associat!d ith olaction( including su'cotic

and id!sp!ad a!as o th! n!ocot!x( includth! p!ontal cot!x( sup!io pai!tal a!a( a"isual cot!x R&aco' !t al-( >770'- 1h!s! idchang!s a! consist!nt ith modulation o an0 1o hom co!spond!nc! and !pint !Xu!

add!ss!dat *!patm!nt o es+cholog+( 1h! jni"!sit+

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3/25

3

cc 'in php ca tng thi tm l R ev%S (Ak.5 ( "$ 2AS Xu+ mD R &aco' "$ %c.lintoc/ (>777 -Andostadi!non! ng=n ch`n sO st giMm tong tmtng tQch cOc

"$ pht tiTn ca tm tng tiNu cOc ( thPng xM+a tong770' - hWngphn 'Y Jng Eitha+ 9B 1t cM cc Xu+Kn -tQch hp mng l#i thbn /inh 777a - &aco' "$ cJngsO(

987 S- oodlan A"!nu!( .hicago( 5 676897>I78>7-

fImail: m/mlyuchicago-!du-Homon!s and !ha"io B>( >9B~>8 R>77>doi:07-0776zh'!h->77>-0>6

770I76{z7> |8-77 >77> fls!"i! Sci!nc! RjSA>9B All ights !s!"!d-int!gat!d n!ual n!to/ o !gulation o !mstat!s and att!ntion- 1h! o's!"!d !!cts o

andostadi!non!a! not s!xIsp!ciic( as sugg!st!d '+ oth!sR%ontiIloch and )oss!( 0}}0 %ontiIloc0}}B 'oth m!n and om!n !spond to andoR&aco' and %c.lintoc/( >777a &aco' !t al-(>770a- %o!o"!( !!cts on th! autonomic ns+st!m and mood a! s!!n onl+ in paticula scont!xts R&aco' !t al-( >770a-Humans a!( to dat!( th! onl+ sp!ci!s oth! thpigs /non to poduc! signiicant amounts o

andostadi!non!-Andostadi!non! has '!!n m!asu!d inp!iph!al plasma o m!n at 7-70~7-76 gz077 unconugat!d( 7-7~7-0 gz077 ml sulat!Icon

Roo/s'an/ !t al-( 0}6}( } ngz077 ml Roal-( 0}9>( and >-7 pmolzml Ru/ushima !t ais also ound in m!ns s!at Ra'os( 0}(R,an !t al-( 0}}>( and axilla+ hai Rixon k!nni! !t al-( 0}}7- 5n om!n( andostadi!nom!asua'l! in plasma at 86 ngz077 ml Roo/al-( 0}9>- aganc! manuactu!s claim to handostadi!non! om s/in c!lls R,odis !t al-(0}}( although th!! is no p!!I!"i!!d pu'stating ho th!+ !! !xtact!d( isolat!d( o i

Re!ti and +soc/i( 0}}}- 1hus th!! a! s!"o andostadi!non! poduction that ould maa"aila'l! duing human int!actions-vth!s ha"! !pot!d that andostadi!non! hauniXu! !!cts on th! suac! pot!ntials o th!!pith!lium and sp!culat!d that its '!ha"ioal!!cts ould also '! uniXu! and not g!n!ali

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tZm cch 770a- ollocompaison d!sign t+picall+ us!d to compa! o simila odoants Roig and Schat( 0}! mad! ind!p!nd!nt compaisons o andostith andost!nol and ith muscon! Rto !p!

m!asu!s ithinIsu'!cts anal+s!s- An odocompaison d!sign pupos!l+ omits noIodoconditions( in od! to a"oid s!"!al impotan1h! damatic di!!nc! '!t!!n th! odoconditions and th! contol condition( hichhas no odo( c!at!s an unconscious Hatho!!ct- 5n addition( damaticall+ di!!nt'ain stat!s '!t!!n th! noIodo cai! condth! p!s!nc! o an odo can poduc! statisticaAndostadi!non!( Andost!nol( %uscon! >9Ri-!-( 'iasing omni'us t!sts simpl+ as th! !th! di!!nc! in inomation '!t!!n an odocondition and a noIodoant condition- 1hiscompaison d!sign is also us!d o clinical t!tials( in hich th! gold standad is shoing sdi!!nc!s om compaa'l! su'stanc!s o

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thmsMn phm -Andost!nol l$ mJt giao phYi !l!as! ph!omon!tongh!o R Sus scoa "$ mJt nonandog!nic 06 I

andost!n!st!oid nh andostadi!non! - ngPi(andost!nol"$ andostadi!non! l$ mJt phbn ca tao appl+isolution to th! s/in und! th! nos! ith a soa/sa'( as ! had don! in ou p!"ious studi!s-%A1fk5AS A* %f1Hv*Seaticipants

1hit+Is!"!n nonsmo/ing "olunt!!s R0 omand 0} m!n paticipat!d in a stud+ that ! d!as in"!stigating a "ai!t+ o common hous!hoincluding compounds in p!um!s- eaticipan!! 'lind to ou sp!ciic h+poth!s!s and th! o all compounds- 1h! paticipants !! '!tag!s o 0 and 8 +!as Rm!ans: om!n( >-9m!n( >>-> +!as- eaticipants !! stud!nts oith th! m!dical sci!nc! communit+ at th! jo .hicago- All paticipants id!ntii!d th!ms!as h!t!os!xual and all 'ut 8 !! ighthand!fight om!n and !l!"!n m!n d!sci'!dth!ms!l"!s as .aucasian o hit!( B om!n m!n d!sci'!d th!ms!l"!s as AicanIAm!iclac/( o o Aican d!sc!nt( B om!n and 8 d!sci'!d th!ms!l"!s as o Asian d!sc!nt( h!st !! o atin d!sc!nt o had multipl! !th

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l$ mJt /hDng sMn xut ca con ngPi-.hCng tDi tiLp xCc "#i mi ngPi tham giaandostadi!non! (andost!nol( "$ muscon! ( m`t n m\i x hngca h3

"#i dbu


8/25

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nghiNn cu ( ni c[ >(> n=m - gPi tham gia l$ sinh"iNn ho`c c[ liNn Xuan

andost!nol RIandostI06I!nI8Iol( SigmaIAld.o-( and muscon! R8Im!th+lIc+clop!ntad!caim!nich- 1h! stimulus solutions !! comon! o th! mus/+ compounds at >7 %conc!nin a 07 clo"! oilz}7 pop+l!n! gl+col R'+ cai! solution- 1h! paticipants could not dith! th!! solutions as di!!nt odos( !ith! inop!nI!nd!d "!'al d!sciption o in olacto+

chaact!istics-1h! su'!cts d!sci'!d th! th!! solutions assm!lling th! sam!- 1o uth! "alidat! ou o>96 &aco' !t al-mas/ing o all th!! compounds( ! as/!d pato us! i/!t scal!s to d!sci'! !ach solution

int!nsit+ R7 to ( amiliait+ R7 to ( and pl!aR to - 1h!! !! no signiicant di!!nc!sp!c!ption o th!s! olacto+ Xualiti!s R7-88 a7-}9- %o!o"!( to ass!ss possi'l! tig!mina!!cts( ! as/!d paticipants to at! an+ s!nsitching R7 to o 'uning R7 to - Again( th!no signiicant di!!nc!s among all th!! stimp!c!ption o th!s! somatos!nso+ Xualiti!s R7es 7--es+chological %!asu!s and 1!sting eoc!du

! !mplo+!d ps+chological m!asu!s that ha!!cts o andostadi!non! !xposu! in s!"!ap!"ious studi!s R&aco' and %c.lintoc/( >777al-( >770a- 1h!s! !! th! Addiction k!s!ac5nd!x RAk.5( c- RHa!t!n( 0}9Ba(' compos1u!zals! !spons!s hich collaps! into scoi"! amili!s o dug !!cts th! eoil! o %Rev%S( %cai !t al-( 0}90 compos!d o 9>i/!t scal! !spons!s hich a! sco!d as !igaousal actos th! *! it 2isual Analog Sca

R2AS it!ms d!i"!d om !ali! andostadi!nand %c.lintoc/( >777 and ps+chophamacolRd! it !t al-( 0}}7 !s!ach- fach 2AS is a lin! pai!d ith an ad!cti"!- 5ts !nds a! la'!!xt!m!l+ and not at all- A su'!ct indicamuch th! ad!cti"! appli!s to th!i stat! '+ plma/ on th! lin! at th! appopiat! point on

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9/25

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"#i cJng > n=m (ehilippin!s

gYc ch+ phiNn thu th;p dW liu - xt nghim sR Ak.5 su'scal!s 9 ev%S su'scal!s >7 *!2AS it!ms 87 ond 2AS it!ms 6> total scominimi! pot!ntial 1+p! 5 !os om statistic!ach sco! indi"iduall+( th! data !! com'ininto disc!t! acto sco!s- as!d on ou p!"R&aco' and %c.lintoc/( >777 &aco' !t al-( >7! !xp!ct!d th!! to '! s!"!al actos co"!i

and n!gati"! !motion as !ll as stat!s o aouo dugIli/! !uphoia- 1o conim th!s! actocu!nt stud+( acto anal+s!s !! p!om!don th! Ak.5zev%S data and on th! a'zon2AS data- 1h!s! to data s!ts !! anal+!d

ind!p!nd!ntl+'!caus! th!+ a! di!!nt t+p!s o m!asu!s-1h! Ak.5 and ev%S ha"! !llI!sta'lish!dsu'scal!s R%cai !t al-( 0}90 Ha!t!n( 0}9th! Ak.5 and th! ev%S a! id!l+ us!d and

m!asu!s- 5n contast( th! 2AS Rond andad!( 0}9B d! it !t al-( 0}}7 m!asu!s doan+ p!!sta'lish!d su'scal!s-As !xp!ct!d( acto anal+s!s and "aimax otaconim!d th! o'ustn!ss o p!"iousl+ d!i"!stuctu!s- vnl+ on! o th! actos as uniXu!stud+ Ranxiousn!ssIiita'ilit+ and it did not an+ t!atm!nt !!cts- ! conim!d that th! anal+sis output co!spond!d to stongl+ int!clust!s o Xu!stionnai! sco!s Rall lin!a ass

and co!lation e "alu!s l!ss than 7-7770-A m!asu! o !ach d!i"!d acto as calculausing m!thods d!sci'!d p!"iousl+ R&aco' an.lintoc/( >777- A acto sco! o !ach tim! as o'tain!d '+ calculating a m!an o th! m!o !ach o th! actos that had a "aimax otaacto loading 7-- %!asu!s ith a n!gati"!

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10

tNn phn tQch dW liu "#i th? nghim nh mJtgiWa cc 7%conc!ntation tong mJt


11/25

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chCng tDi>96 &aco' !t al-m`t n ca tt cM 'a hp cht ( chCng tDi +Nu cbungPi tham gias? dng thang


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ad! ( 0}9B - *! it "$ cJng sO( 0}}7 'inphp n$+ /hDng c['t c 'Mng phn p!!sta'lish!d -1h!o dO /iLn( phn tQch nhn tY "$ Xua+ "aimax/hng


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Mnh h]ng tm l ca andostadi!non! ( mJt!p!at!dm!asu!sAv2A 9> 7-87>6>5itat!d 7-B>>6 7-8089Bfxcit!dzRcalm 7-67867 7-B7>87Anxious 7-67>6 7-8BB8AntagonisticzRamica'l! 7-609B 7->60B61!ns!zR!lax!d 7-9}6} 7->B>>B1anXuilzRtou'l!d 7-9B980 7->8609e!ac!ulzRiitat!d 7-9>B8 7->8970%!llozRiita'l! 7-6}7 7-8>6}7!llzRsic/ 7->0>B 7-80}}ot!- .hat o it!ms om th! 2isual Analog

Xu!stionnai! it!ms goup!d '+ acto m!m'!shlist!d ith a slash Rz

'!t!!n th!m a! !nds o 'ipola 2AS it!ms-d!scipto it!ms a! om 2AS it!ms hich at!d

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h#ng dn- hWng ngPi tham gia - As a !sult( ! inclus!x o su'!ct as a pot!ntial int!action actoanal+s!s o t!atm!nt !!ct- Ho!"!( th!! signiicant s!x di!!nc!s in !spons! to th! co an+ m!asu! R7-7B all s 0-( 7->> all e"alu!s 7--*5S.jSS5vAndostadi!non! had uniXu! !!cts on th! pamood in compaison ith andost!nol andmuscon!( !"!n though th!+ could not distingu

o th! compounds as an odo- 5t p!"!nt!d 'otdop in positi"! mood and th! is! in th! n!gamood that has p!"iousl+ occu!d ith ou !potocol R&aco' and %c.lintoc/( >777- 1h!s!sults on mood co!spond in 'oth t+p! and !si! ith ou p!"ious indings that compa!d

andostadi!non!

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0(0789>o lng R ev%S 7(B9>I7(0B81bm cMm R ev%S 7(}0}}I(79B>71c gi;n R ev%S 7(}7>0I(0777%t mwi R ev%S (6}00}I(8869

hbm ln R ev%S 7(80B8I(07692igo R ev%S I (6>>I(09B71hn thin R ev%S I 7(69879I(B>70Hng /h]i R ev%S I (>>I7(>0Hiu XuM tQ tu R )I Ak.5 I 7(9B07B 7(>87.ht /Qch thQch R AI Ak.5 I 7(9B> 7(088ehn /hQch R %) I Ak.5 I 7(96>66 7(>877u - iTu 01h! ps+chological !!cts did not !Xui! di!application R&aco' and %c.lintoc/( >777 o

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mDi d#i mVi ( mJt lbn "#i mi 'Nn ca miLnggcB09I7(0998Shap (99}7I(>B>}7=ng lng (69>I7(>8>0nh sng I ta+ chn z R n`ng (}}I7(8}9B,Qch thQch (68I(8>}}>,hDng 9 I

7(>786An thbn 7(6>6 I 7(89}> 2ng "K z R phYi hp tYt 7(87I(>6}8.hn z R Xuan tm 7(6>9 I 7(>6>0,Qch thQch z R thuYc an thbn 7(68789 I 7(>B>9Spac+ 7(667 I 7(>6>87% m$ng z R chu 777- fstat!thich has ps+chological !!cts simila to andR&aco' and %c.lintoc/( >777( ma+ !ll shosimila stimulus sp!ciicit+ in compaison to and muscon!-

)i"!n th! cu!nt indings and p!"ious o/andostadi!non!is cl!al+ a human social ch!mosignal-vth!s ha"! claim!d that it is a ph!omon! Ral-( 0}}0 %ontiIloch and )oss!( 0}}0 %al-( 0}}B- ! '!li!"! this claim to '! p!matdi!ctl+ t!sting !ach o th! "aious cit!ia thamust m!!t to '! call!d a mammalian ph!omoR!"i!!d '+ R!auchamp !t al-( 0}96 &aco' 1h! cu!nt stud+ is th! ist to t!st th! cit!i

andostadi!non! has sp!ciic !!cts that a! ucompaison ith simila compounds( not ust om th! cai! solution Ra cit!ion s!t oth !auchamp( 0}96- 5nd!!d( andostadi!non!!! uniXu! in compaison ith to simila c!"!n though th!+ !! ch!micall+ similaRandost!nol o had simila mus/+ odos at h

conc!ntationsRmuscon! and andost!nol-An additional cit!ion is that animal ph!om

op!at! ind!p!nd!ntl+ o th!i odo pop!ti!ss!t oth '+ !auchamp !t al-( 0}96 %c.lint>777- Although it is tu! that som! p!opl! ad!t!ct andostadi!non! at high! conc!ntatioodo( in this stud+ and in all p!"ious studi!s(

andostadi!non!poduc!d its !!cts ithout '!ing d!t!ct!d

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HDn mN z R n=ng lng 7(99BB I 7(09Bt mEn z R h$i I 7(8>9> 7(87>6>,Qch thQch I 7(B>>6 7(8089B2ui mrng z R 'Znh tnh I 7(67867 7(B7>87o lng I 7(67>6 7(8BB8

4Yi /hng z R thn thin I 7(609B 7(>60B6.=ng thng z R thoMi mi I 7(9}6} 7(>B>>BNn tnh z R /h[ /h=n I 7(9B980 7(>8609H_a 'Znh z R /Qch thQch I 7(9>B8 7(>8970m dUu z R /h[ chUu I 7(6}7 7(8>6}71Yt z R 'nh I 7(>0>B 7(80}}u - iTu


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muscon! R tc dng chQnh ca


21/25

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> tt cM egi tU 7( -1Hv jAndostadi!non! c[ tc dng du+ nht tNn nhWngngPi tham gia tm tng so "#i andost!nol "$muscon! ( m`c d\ h3 /hDng thT phn 'it ( >8}~>0-

oo/s'an/( - - - R0}97- a'!lling o st!axilla+ s!at

at! administation o 8HI*Ip!gn!nolon! apog!st!on!

to a h!alth+ man- fxp!!ntia >6( 070>~070B- oo/s'an/( - - -( .unningham( A- f-( !t

1h! d!t!ctiono andostaIB( 06Idi!nI8Ion! in p!iph!al pla

m!n-St!oids 08R0( >}~7-

oo/s'an/( - - -( and )o!( *- - R0}6o thinla+!and gasIliXuid chomatogaph+ in th! id!ntiiandost!nI06I!nI8Iol and andostaI(06Idi!nIuin!- St!oids B( 99~77-d! it( H-( %!t( &-( !t al- R0}}7- 1h! us! o e

ps+choacti"!dugs: k!lationships '!t!!n mood and m!ta.ommitt!! on eo'l!ms o *ug *!p!nd!nc!

2A-

*ot+( k- - R0}0- vlacto+ communication.h!m-S!ns!s 6RB( 80~896-fng!n( 1- R0}}0- vdo S!nsation and %!mo

! o/-u/ushima( S-( A/an!( A-( !t al- R0}}0- Simu

d!t!mination

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tong mnh m hEng ( 0~>9-&aco'( S-( ,innun!n( -( !t al- R>770'- Susta

ch!mosignalunconsciousl+ alt!s 'ain unction- !uo!>8}0~>8}B-

&aco'( S-( and %c.lintoc/( %- ,- ,- R>777-es+chological stat! and

mood !!cts o st!oidal ch!mosignals in om!n-

Hom- !ha"- 89( 9~-&aco'( S-( !lano( -( !t al- R>77>- Ass!ssing

human ph!omon!s-

5n .- kou'+( !t al- Rfds-( vlaction( 1ast!( anpp-09~0}- .am'idg! jni"!sit+ e!ss( .am',odis( %-( %oan( *-( !t al- R0}}- o"! Sc!

! o/-,an( 1- ,-( 1aod( *- &-( !t al- R0}}>- ).

o 06Iandost!n!s and oth! .0} st!oids in human

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23/25

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andost!nol( "$ muscon! tNn +Lu tY tm l 'tngu^n tr pin /iTm ta - ehMn ng R0}6} - pht hin

St!oidioch!m- %ol- iol- B8R6( B}~6-a'os( &- R0}- vdo d!t!ction( g!n!ation

in th!axilla- Antip!spiants and *!odants( 5n .-

ad!nRfds-( pp- 8>0~8B8- *!//!( ! o/-a'os( &- -( +soc/i( .- &-( R0}B- 5ndi"id

di!!nc!s in odop!c!ption- e!um! la"oist }( >0~>6-oig( 1- S- R0}}0- 1h! !!cts o lo conc!n

on ff)acti"it+ and '!ha"io- es+choph+siolog+ ( 6}oig( 1- S-( H!man( ,- -( !t al- R0}}7- ff)

duing administation

o loIconc!ntation odos- ull- es+chonomB7~B7-oig( 1- S-( and Schat( )- f- R0}- ai

Alt!ationo human ff) '+ odo administation- es+ch

06R8( >0~>B-%c.lintoc/( %- ,- R>777- Human ph!omon

!l!as!s(signal!s o modulatos 5n ,- all!n and &- f

Rfds-(k!poduction in .ont!xt( pp- 8~B>7- %51 e

.am'idg!-%c.lintoc/( %- ,- R>770- eh!omon!s and "

unctionso social ch!mosignals- 5n &- A- !nch( A- .-

*- -!g! Rfds-( f"olutiona+ es+cholog+ and %

2ol- B( pp-9~00>- jni"- o !'as/a e!ss( incoln-

%c.lintoc/( %- ,- R>77>- eh!omon!s( odo"asanas: 1h!n!uo!ndocinolog+ o social ch!mosignals inanimals- 5n *- ea( A- Anold( A- ftg!n( k- k

ah'achRfds-( Homon!s( ain !ha"io( pp- 9}9

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