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220 MHz Solutions Guide
With Remote and Direct to Tunnel Configurations
Tunnel Radio of America™
Phone: 541.758.5637
Fax: 541.758.1417 TunnelRadio.com
3-10-2014
TUNNEL RADIO OF AMERICA Corvallis, Oregon 97330 220 MHz Solutions Guide
© 2014 All rights reserved Revision 1.0 Page 1
Table of Contents
220 MHz Solutions Guide
Tunnel Link Solutions Pg 3
Tunnel Link Components Pg 6
TMS Diagnostics Operation Pg 7
Specifications Pg 9
OFA System Overview Pg 10
OFA Specifications Pg 15
TUNNEL RADIO OF AMERICA Corvallis, Oregon 97330 220 MHz Solutions Guide
© 2014 All rights reserved Revision 1.0 Page 2
Disclaimer
The initials PTC, as referenced in this document, refer to Positive Train Control, a system of functional requirements for monitoring and controlling train movements.
TUNNEL RADIO OF AMERICA Corvallis, Oregon 97330 220 MHz Solutions Guide
© 2014 All rights reserved Revision 1.0 Page 3
Tunnel Link™ Solutions
220 MHz Positive Train Control
In railroad, staying connected is everything. Tunnel Link™ for Positive Train Control extends the 220 MHz
signal through any length of tunnel or mountain pass, meaning you never lose sight—or control—of
your trains. This network of digital amplifiers and cable eliminates dead spots and increases radio signal
ranges, ensuring essential rail communications are uninterrupted over the long haul.
Features and Benefits
Continuous data communication—regardless of length
Advanced amplifier technology w/diagnostics
Rugged components designed to withstand the harsh rail environment
Virtually eliminates dead spots
Extends radio signals for 220 MHz Positive Train Control
Requires only one Base per network
External LEDs on the equipment provide easy monitoring
Works with TMS, our tunnel monitoring diagnostic system
WWW network ready visibility
Used by all major railways throughout North and South America
Tunnel Radio has been an industry leader for more than 25 years providing cutting edge RF technology
and engineering services to major railways throughout the world. We provide solutions for virtually any
environment and diagnostics systems to keep you continuously in touch with each tunnel.
There are two typical scenarios for extending signals in tunnel environments. The first is when the
power source can be directly connected at the tunnel opening. The second is when the power is
inconvenient or unable to be connected directly at the site. Tunnel Radio provides solutions for both of
these scenarios with our standard Tunnel Link System and our OFA Remote System. We pride ourselves
in providing custom engineering solutions for any situation.
TUNNEL RADIO OF AMERICA Corvallis, Oregon 97330 220 MHz Solutions Guide
© 2014 All rights reserved Revision 1.0 Page 4
Overview
Tunnel Link™ System Description
Below is conceptual drawing of a typical Tunnel Link TM PTC System. This system provides a radio link for
Positive Train Control (PTC) systems. The Tunnel Link TM System employs a distributed antenna system,
consisting of radiating coaxial cable and digital amplifiers that provide signal extension
The Tunnel Link TM system’s unique design handles high-speed asynchronous data in simplex mode at
very low distortion figures, suitable for use with FSK or phase shift complex modulation schemes used in
today's modern digital communications.
With this design, expensive and costly multiplex equipment is not required. The amplifier is ruggedized
and component count is low. A diagnostic system complements the system providing operational
visibility to amplifier resolution and is network compatible.
As shown in Figure 1, the main system components are the PTC transceiver, the Head End Unit, the TRL-
220L amplifiers, the radiating coaxial cable, and the associated surface antennas.
The TR-TMS-Net option on the Head End Unit also provides for remote off-site monitoring of the Tunnel
Link TM System via the internet
Figure 1. Typical Tunnel Link System with Base Adjacent to Tunnel Opening
TUNNEL RADIO OF AMERICA Corvallis, Oregon 97330 220 MHz Solutions Guide
© 2014 All rights reserved Revision 1.0 Page 5
Tunnel LinkTM General System Operation
The Tunnel Link System is powered by single phase 120VAC with battery back-up, or by an appropriate
Un-interrupted Power Supply (UPS). The individual TRL-220L amplifiers are powered through the single
radiating cable by a DC bias voltage of 28 VDC. The head end unit acts as an interface between the
distributed antenna system in the tunnel and the PTC base transceiver.
The optional Tunnel Monitoring System (TMS) may be installed to monitor the health of the system.
This option is also network compatible. The TMS system will be discussed in subsequent sections.
A block diagram of the Tunnel Link System, including the main base station and tunnel components, is
shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2. Typical Tunnel Link System Block Diagram
TUNNEL RADIO OF AMERICA Corvallis, Oregon 97330 220 MHz Solutions Guide
© 2014 All rights reserved Revision 1.0 Page 6
Tunnel Link Components
TR-IFU2-220-RR-28V
The TR-IFU2-220-RR-28V Tunnel Link TM Head End is intended for use in Positive Train Control (PTC)
systems. In addition to the head board which serves as the interface between the distributed antenna
system and the PTC transceiver, this head end contains the Agile Tunnel Monitoring System (TMS) head
board with RJ-45 network cable.
TRL-220L Amplifier
Figure 4 shows an external view of the TRL-220L amplifier. The TRL-220L amplifier maintains both uplink
and downlink PTC RF signal levels throughout the distributed antenna system in the tunnel.
Figure 3. Tunnel Link for PTC Head Unit
Figure 4: TRL-220L Amplifier
TUNNEL RADIO OF AMERICA Corvallis, Oregon 97330 220 MHz Solutions Guide
© 2014 All rights reserved Revision 1.0 Page 7
TMS-Tunnel Monitoring System Operation Description
TMS head card in the TR-IFU2-220-RR-28V head end. In addition, to prevent interference with PTC signals, the remote devices are smart and check for PTC base/mobile to prevent interference. TMS tail cards report with the following information:
Power supply voltage of the amplifier.
RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) level.
Alarm status of the system.
RF power level of amplifier unit
Figure 5. TMS Diagnostic Display as shown on the Exciter Unit
TR-TMS-Net, Remote Off-Site Monitoring
TR-TMS-Net provides Network Web/LAN capable viewing of the radio network and provides access to
the TMS data presented on the head end display via a computer connected either locally or remotely via
the LAN connection provided (local home page). Having the ability to view and manipulate the
communication system locally (connected directly) and/or remotely (Internet web based connection)
provides many advantages to the customer. This capability provides for monitoring the system status to
diagnose faults/events to provide for expedient network repairs should problems arise.
TUNNEL RADIO OF AMERICA Corvallis, Oregon 97330 220 MHz Solutions Guide
© 2014 All rights reserved Revision 1.0 Page 8
Some of the Agile TR-TMS-Net features available for users are as follows:
Provides system wide indication of amplifier status.
Provides the same data that is displayed on the head end unit, while additionally allowing for
local (laptop) or remote (IP) monitoring and control of the network.
Provides the capability to generate a summary report on the status of all monitored devices.
This report allows the user to spot variances so potential problems can be anticipated, and thus
avoided.
Summary dry contact alarm
The following system information is reported from the TMS system via the TR-TMS-Net option:
Power supply voltage of the amplifier.
Power output of the amplifier.
Uplink RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) levels.
Alarm status of the system.
Need Cloud
TUNNEL RADIO OF AMERICA Corvallis, Oregon 97330 220 MHz Solutions Guide
© 2014 All rights reserved Revision 1.0 Page 9
Head Unit Specifications
Power Requirements 28 VDC @ 4 amp
PTC Transceiver I/O Type “N”
RF Input 2-5 W (+33 dBm to +37 dBm)
RF Output Power to Tunnel Amplifier Chain Maintain quality in-tunnel signal
External RF port for in tunnel amplifier chain - block
and clamp termination
1
Amplifier Specifications
RF Output, Tx +
Frequency Range 219-223 MHz
Power Requirements +11 to +28 VDC @ 250 mA, max
Max RF Input dBm transmit path
RF Gain 10-30 dB, depending on configuration
TX Path Gain Adjustable 25 dB
RX Path Gain Independently Adjustable 25 dB
TUNNEL RADIO OF AMERICA Corvallis, Oregon 97330 220 MHz Solutions Guide
© 2014 All rights reserved Revision 1.0 Page 10
OFA System Overview Tunnels often present radio coverage problem for railroads. Longer tunnels require a dedicated system
such as the Tunnel LinkTM system to assist PTC (Positive Train Control) repeater operations. The OFA (On
Frequency Amplifier) system may be used directly connected to a base station to extend coverage into
tunnels where it's not practical to install a base station infrastructure.
Intermediate and small tunnels may also require the same coverage and expense, hence the Tunnel
Radio OFA System to fill the gap between.
In this manner, one on-frequency TR-OFA-220D amplifier will be required per tunnel site to amplify the
signal generated by existing radio communication facilities bi-directionally back to the PTC Base
network. The OFA is operational with the Meteorcomm or General Electric PTC solutions® base station
using a TR-220-EX. This unit is used to send a digital signal for use with the OFA remote unit transmitter.
In applications where the capability to remotely monitor the status of the TR-OFA-220D and any Tunnel
LinkTM amplifiers is desired, a Tunnel Radio TMS (Tunnel Monitoring System) module may be installed in
the TR-OFA-220D and/or the Tunnel LinkTM amplifiers.
TUNNEL RADIO OF AMERICA Corvallis, Oregon 97330 220 MHz Solutions Guide
© 2014 All rights reserved Revision 1.0 Page 11
TR-OFA-220D System Applications
Typical system use with TR-220-EX Exciter Connected to a MCC base station (LH) and a TR-OFA-220D feeding a
remote tunnel network.
Figure 6. Typical System
TUNNEL RADIO OF AMERICA Corvallis, Oregon 97330 220 MHz Solutions Guide
© 2014 All rights reserved Revision 1.0 Page 12
TR-OFA-220D System Applications
Multiple OFA units may be activated with a single base if they are line-of site, path test and engineering needs to
check site by site. Figure 7 shows a longer tunnel that needs multiple amplifiers with TMS.
Figure 7. Long Tunnel OFA System
TUNNEL RADIO OF AMERICA Corvallis, Oregon 97330 220 MHz Solutions Guide
© 2014 All rights reserved Revision 1.0 Page 13
TR-OFA-220D Description
Figure 8: TR-OFA-220D Amplifier
Figure 8. TR-OFA-220D Amplifier
The TR-OFA-220D is a bi-directional amplifier designed for half-duplex or simplex operation. It has two antenna
connections and one DC power connection. One antenna points to the base site and one to the area needing
coverage.
TUNNEL RADIO OF AMERICA Corvallis, Oregon 97330 220 MHz Solutions Guide
© 2014 All rights reserved Revision 1.0 Page 14
Exciter Description
Figure 9. TR-220-EX Exciter Head End Unit
The TR-220-EX exciter is designed for installation at the site of the PTC base station.
The TR-220-EX exciter digitizes signals necessary to operate with the TR-OFA-220D(s) with the donor Base/repeater. This unit has connections to the base radio for RF and DC power.
Basic OFA Installation
TUNNEL RADIO OF AMERICA Corvallis, Oregon 97330 220 MHz Solutions Guide
© 2014 All rights reserved Revision 1.0 Page 15
OFA Specifications
OFA Amplifier Specifications
Bandwidth, Rx, Tx 219-233 MHz
Gain, Rx, Tx 85 dB
Operational Range 4.8 miles with 1/8 mile visibility
Dimensions / Weight-OFA Amplifier 18”W x 20”H x 8”D / 35 lbs
Demonstrated standard configuration range w/MCC
radios in BER mode-OFA Amplifier
4.8 miles line of sight demonstrated
Remote Diagnostics Tunnel Monitoring System (TMS), uplink option
System end visibility capable
Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) with p/4 DQPSK
modulation EVM = 0.5%, Rx
2%
Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) with p/4 DQPSK
modulation EVM = 0.5%, Tx
2%
Impedance 50 Ω
DC power, R 12-15VDC VDC Solar power options
500 mA equipped with TMS Monitoring
Network Compatible TMS-NET Monitoring option board in in TR-OFA-
220-EX amplifier