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CCTV Training Manual Micropack
Ref: 2200.5011 Page 1 of 37 Rev: 1.0
This document is strictly private and confidential, reproduction without Micropack approval is prohibited. © Micropack Engineering Ltd, 2001
RELEASE NOTES
Rev. Date Revision History ECN Prepared Approved
1.0 20/03/2001 Formal Release into Documented Quality System 034 RJ SD
0.2 10.11.2000 Minor Corrections RJ
0.1 PRE-RELEASE DRAFT - RJ
Prepared: Approved: Date:
R.Johnson
S.Duncan 20/03/01
CCTV FDS Flame Detection System
Training Manual
CCTV Training Manual Micropack
Ref: 2200.5011 Page 2 of 37 Rev: 1.0
This document is strictly private and confidential, reproduction without Micropack approval is prohibited. © Micropack Engineering Ltd, 2001
Table of Contents
1 General Introduction........................................................................................................................ 5
1.1 Safety Instructions.................................................................................................................... 5
1.1.1 Warnings ........................................................................................................................... 5
1.1.2 Cautions ............................................................................................................................ 5
1.1.3 Important Notices.............................................................................................................. 5
1.2 System Overview ..................................................................................................................... 6
1.2.1 Flame Detection Camera (iFDC101 p/n 2200.0000) ........................................................ 7
1.2.2 Hub Controller (iHUB48516 p/n 2200.0030).................................................................... 7
1.2.3 Video Switcher (iVIDEO164 p/n 2200.0040) .................................................................... 7
1.2.4 Relay Driver (iRELAY163 p/n 2200.0050) ........................................................................ 7
1.2.5 Display Terminal (iDAH95) ............................................................................................... 7
1.2.6 RS485 Converter (iRS2485IF p/n 3100.0012).................................................................. 7
1.2.7 Video Converter (VTP4 p/n 3100.0026) ........................................................................... 8
1.2.8 Video Converter (BNC4 p/n 3100.0025).......................................................................... 8
1.2.9 Video Recorder ................................................................................................................. 8
1.3 Hazardous area procedures..................................................................................................... 8
1.4 Manual Handling ...................................................................................................................... 8
2 Application Guidelines..................................................................................................................... 9
2.1 Siting requirements ................................................................................................................ 10
2.2 Detection Coverage ............................................................................................................... 10
2.3 Exposure to Flare Radiation................................................................................................... 11
2.4 Flexibility of mounting location ............................................................................................... 11
2.5 Mounting Arrangements......................................................................................................... 11
2.6 Thermal Disruption................................................................................................................. 11
2.7 Optical Contamination............................................................................................................ 11
2.8 Enclosed Areas ...................................................................................................................... 11
2.9 Fog (and other airborne obscurants) ..................................................................................... 12
2.10 Detector Sensitivity............................................................................................................. 12
2.11 Detector Field of View ........................................................................................................ 13
2.12 Alternative Lenses .............................................................................................................. 13
3 System Engineering ...................................................................................................................... 14
3.1 Device Requirements............................................................................................................. 14
CCTV Training Manual Micropack
Ref: 2200.5011 Page 3 of 37 Rev: 1.0
This document is strictly private and confidential, reproduction without Micropack approval is prohibited. © Micropack Engineering Ltd, 2001
3.1.1 Earthing & Screening Requirements .............................................................................. 14
3.1.2 Power Supply.................................................................................................................. 15
3.1.3 RS485 Communications ................................................................................................. 17
3.1.4 Video (twisted pair) ......................................................................................................... 17
3.1.5 Video (Coaxial) ............................................................................................................... 17
3.2 Connection Topologies .......................................................................................................... 18
3.2.1 Point to Point Connection ............................................................................................... 18
3.2.2 Multi-drop Looping .......................................................................................................... 18
3.2.3 Coaxial Video Connection............................................................................................... 19
3.3 Detector Threshold Configuration .......................................................................................... 19
3.4 Cable Selection ...................................................................................................................... 20
3.4.1 General Guidance........................................................................................................... 21
3.4.2 DC Power........................................................................................................................ 21
3.4.3 Video (Coaxial) ............................................................................................................... 22
3.4.4 Video (Twisted Pair)........................................................................................................ 22
3.4.5 RS485 Communication ................................................................................................... 23
3.5 Fibre Optic Cabling ................................................................................................................ 24
4 Installation ..................................................................................................................................... 25
4.1 General Requirements ........................................................................................................... 25
4.2 Preparation............................................................................................................................. 25
4.3 Camera................................................................................................................................... 26
4.4 Remote Controllers ................................................................................................................ 26
4.5 Master Station (CCR)............................................................................................................. 26
4.6 Electrical Installation .............................................................................................................. 27
4.7 Cable Installation.................................................................................................................... 27
5 Configuration ................................................................................................................................. 28
5.1 Setting Hardware Links .......................................................................................................... 28
5.2 Setting Baseboard Address ................................................................................................... 29
5.2.1 Discover a device where the device address is unknown (not 200h)............................ 30
5.2.2 Recording Device Address. ............................................................................................ 30
5.3 Setting Threshold Configuration............................................................................................. 31
5.4 Uploading New Firmware....................................................................................................... 31
6 Operation....................................................................................................................................... 32
6.1.1 Acknowledge................................................................................................................... 32
CCTV Training Manual Micropack
Ref: 2200.5011 Page 4 of 37 Rev: 1.0
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6.1.2 Reset............................................................................................................................... 32
6.1.3 Inhibit............................................................................................................................... 32
6.1.4 Device Local Menu ......................................................................................................... 32
7 Maintenance.................................................................................................................................. 33
8 Fault Finding.................................................................................................................................. 34
8.1 Diagnostics............................................................................................................................. 34
8.1.1 Led Indication (Detector Status) ..................................................................................... 34
8.1.2 Power Supply.................................................................................................................. 35
8.1.3 RS485 Communications ................................................................................................. 36
8.1.4 Live Video Images .......................................................................................................... 37
8.2 Replacement and Repair ....................................................................................................... 37
CCTV Training Manual Micropack
Ref: 2200.5011 Page 5 of 37 Rev: 1.0
This document is strictly private and confidential, reproduction without Micropack approval is prohibited. © Micropack Engineering Ltd, 2001
1 General Introduction
1.1 Safety Instructions
For the correct and effective use of this equipment, to maintain safety and avoid hazards it is
essential that you read and understand these instructions and act accordingly BEFORE installing,
operating or maintaining the equipment.
1.1.1 Warnings
• This equipment is certified for, and intended for, use in potentially hazardous areas. Install and use the equipment in accordance with the latest regulations.
• For UK installations BS/EN60079-14 'Electrical Installations in Hazardous Areas' and BS/EN60079-17 'Inspection and Maintenance in Hazardous Areas' should be strictly observed.
• For installations in North America the National Electrical Code (NEC) should be strictly observed.
• Elsewhere the appropriate local or national regulation should be used.
• The equipment must be properly earthed to protect against electrical shock and minimise electrical interference.
• Do not drill holes in any housing or enclosure, as this will invalidate the explosion protection.
• Ensure that the enclosure lid is fully tightened and locked into position before energising the equipment.
• Do not open the enclosure in the presence of an explosive atmosphere.
• All permits and proper site procedure and practices must be followed and the equipment must be isolated from the power supply before opening the enclosure in the field.
• Operators must be properly trained and aware of what actions to take in the event of a fire being detected.
• Repair of equipment should only be performed in a safe area and only by trained personnel.
1.1.2 Cautions
• Use only approved parts and accessories with this equipment.
• To maintain safety standards, commissioning and regular maintenance should be performed by qualified personnel.
1.1.3 Important Notices
• Pay attention to the guidelines given throughout this document.
• If in any doubt ask your local sales representative or contact Micropack (Engineering) Ltd.
• Micropack (Engineering) Ltd take no responsibility for installation and/or use of its equipment if this is not in accordance with the appropriate issue and/or amendment of the manual.
• Micropack (Engineering) Ltd reserve the right to change or revise the information contained herein without notice and without obligation to notify any person or organisation of such action.
Pay particular attention to all Safety Warnings, Cautions and Important Notices.
CCTV Training Manual Micropack
Ref: 2200.5011 Page 6 of 37 Rev: 1.0
This document is strictly private and confidential, reproduction without Micropack approval is prohibited. © Micropack Engineering Ltd, 2001
1.2 System Overview
CCTV Training Manual Micropack
Ref: 2200.5011 Page 7 of 37 Rev: 1.0
This document is strictly private and confidential, reproduction without Micropack approval is prohibited. © Micropack Engineering Ltd, 2001
1.2.1 Flame Detection Camera (iFDC101 p/n 2200.0000)
The flame detectors are mounted within an Eex’d’ enclosure certified for operation in Zone 1, gas
group IIA hazardous areas. The precise number and location of the detectors is designed to meet
the site performance target. The flame detector's field of view is fixed to ensure the correct
coverage is achieved. The cameras operate in a standalone capacity, which is to say that as long
as the camera is powered (from 24Vdc) it will function as a flame detector. The cameras report
their status information over an RS485 communication network. Furthermore, each camera
provides a real time video image allowing operators to immediately see the hazard and assess risk.
1.2.2 Hub Controller (iHUB48516 p/n 2200.0030)
The hub controllers are mounted inside control panels located within either the hazardous or non-
hazardous area dependant on the system design philosophy. The hubs manage the RS485
communication network and are designed to detect and report alarm status, failed devices or
troublesome communication. The hubs act as marshalling points for the field device signalling. All
devices whether flame detectors, relay drivers, video switchers, or other hubs must be connected
to the master hub.
1.2.3 Video Switcher (iVIDEO164 p/n 2200.0040)
The video switchers are mounted inside control panels located within either the hazardous or non-
hazardous area dependant on the system design philosophy. The video switchers control the
routing of up to four video images (flame detectors) to the operator display terminals.
1.2.4 Relay Driver (iRELAY163 p/n 2200.0050)
The hub controllers are mounted inside control panels located within either the hazardous or non-
hazardous area dependant on the system design philosophy. The relay drivers provide plant-wide
control actions and interface to a central control system or directly to external devices.
1.2.5 Display Terminal (iDAH95)
The operator within the Central Control Room (CCR) is provided with full display and alarm
handling facilities. The system supports facilities for the connection of remote portable display and
alarm handling equipment.
1.2.6 RS485 Converter (iRS2485IF p/n 3100.0012)
The RS485 converter acts as an interface between the RS232C standard port within the Display
Terminal PC and the RS485 communications used throughout the CCTV system.
CCTV Training Manual Micropack
Ref: 2200.5011 Page 8 of 37 Rev: 1.0
This document is strictly private and confidential, reproduction without Micropack approval is prohibited. © Micropack Engineering Ltd, 2001
1.2.7 Video Converter (VTP4 p/n 3100.0026)
The VTP4 converts the twisted pair video signals used throughout the CCTV system to a coaxial
video signal most commonly used on commercial CCTV systems and the Display Terminal PC.
1.2.8 Video Converter (BNC4 p/n 3100.0025)
The BNC4 converts the coaxial video signal most commonly used on commercial CCTV systems
to the twisted pair video signals used throughout the CCTV system. This allows video sources
from conventional CCTV equipment to be connected to the CCTV system,
1.2.9 Video Recorder
The video recorder is used to record fire alarm events to be recorded for either post event analysis
or improvements in the flame detection algorithms.
1.3 Hazardous area procedures
Always follow site procedures and practices before opening or installing equipment located in the
hazardous area and that all inhibits or over-rides are in place.
• Equipment should always be powered down.
• Allow time for electrical circuits to fully de-energise.
• Always follow the equipment manufacturer's procedures.
• Always ensure that the equipment flame path and or seals are in good condition, follow the appropriate maintenance procedures.
1.4 Manual Handling
Unless proper precautions are taken, then damage can occur to the Flame Detector Electronics in
the following ways:
• Physical damage as a result of drops and knocks.
• Electrical Damage resulting from electrostatic discharge during human contact.
• Chemical damage, during transport or storage, due water or condensation forming, contamination from oil, grease or corrosive attack from acid or alkaline.
Therefore, always ensure:
• The correct tools are used for the job.
• The equipment is powered down before removal or handling of the electronics.
• Keep the electronics clean, dry and free from sources of contamination.
• When installing equipment do not remove from the anti-static packaging or shipping carton until required.
• When removing equipment always have the appropriate anti-static packaging or shipping carton available and transfer sensitive equipment immediately into the packaging.
CCTV Training Manual Micropack
Ref: 2200.5011 Page 9 of 37 Rev: 1.0
This document is strictly private and confidential, reproduction without Micropack approval is prohibited. © Micropack Engineering Ltd, 2001
2 Application Guidelines
In considering the application of the detector it is important to know of any conditions that may
prevent the detector from responding. The detector provides reliable response to visible flames
and insensitivity to common false alarm sources. Protection is provided within its field of view.
Solid obstructions or a direct view of intense light sources may result in partial reduction in the
coverage and/or a reduction in the detector sensitivity. The construction of scaffolding or tarpaulins
in the detector's field of view will reduce the coverage. Additionally, contamination of the detector
window will result in a partial reduction in sensitivity.
The detector provides a CCTV video image for surveillance of the protected area. As with
conventional CCTV cameras, the detector should not face directly towards the sun. In such
conditions the detector’s automatic exposure control will darken the image to prevent overexposure
and the resultant picture may be too dark for surveillance purposes. To obtain the best possible
picture the detector should be facing away from the sun. In the case of an FPSO, where the vessel
is moving, the detectors should face inwards with minimal view of the horizon.
With the standard lens the detector has a horizontal field of view of 90° and a vertical field of view of
75°. The location and orientation of the detector in relation to the protected area determines the
actual footprint. Achieving the desired coverage depends on the congestion within the protected
space, the location of the detector(s) and the distance of the detector from the hazard. It may be
necessary to install more than one detector within an area to achieve adequate coverage.
For special applications it is possible to change the detector's coverage by selecting a suitable wide
or narrow angle lens (i.e. changing the field of view and depth of field / range). A narrow angle lens
(9°) offers 10x magnification increased range of operation to over 100m (up to 200m).
The detector sensitivity, expressed as fire Radiant Heat Output (RHO) at a distance, is determined
visually by the apparent size of the fire. This is a function of the fuel source, how it is released and
distance from the detector faceplate to the fire.
In common with other forms of flame detection the detector’s sensitivity is reduced and potentially
blinded by dense airborne obscurants such as smoke, fog and other airborne particulate. The
detector is insensitive to arc welding, however it should not be conducted within 3m of the detector.
CCTV Training Manual Micropack
Ref: 2200.5011 Page 10 of 37 Rev: 1.0
This document is strictly private and confidential, reproduction without Micropack approval is prohibited. © Micropack Engineering Ltd, 2001
Typical Coverage
SHADOW
Ground / Floor Level
20m5m 10m 15m
5m
Obstruction
Vertical View (75°)
2.1 Siting requirements
The following guidelines have been based on operational feedback, reflecting commonly
experienced problems, which can be traced to a failure to observe the following:
• Ensure the mounting position is free from vibration or movement.
• Prevent accidental knocking or forcing out of alignment .
• Where snow or ice build up is likely, the heater should be enabled.
• To ensure the best possible video image the detector should be facing away from the sun.
• Isolate as far as possible from local electrical interference sources.
• Sufficient detection to ensure adequate coverage for all likely hazards.
• Minimise exposure to contamination of the detector face plate.
• Ensure ease of maintenance access to detector (i.e. direct, ladder or scaffold access).
All these issues are of crucial importance to a successful installation and they should be afforded
great attention during the detailed design, construction and commissioning phases of the work.
2.2 Detection Coverage
Detection can be located from computer models or from site surveys. The detectors should be
aligned to view the intended hazard taking into account any obstruction and congestion
Figure 1 Example Detector Coverage and Field of View
Software analysis of the proposed detector coverage may be required to assure adequate
coverage of the hazards. This analysis can also be used to optimise the number of detectors.
Typical Coverage
SHADOW
20m5m 10m 15m
20m
5m10
m15
m
Obstruction
Horizontal View (90°)
Note The detector provides fire alarm coverage to all areas within its field of view unless hidden by solid obstructions or intense light sources.
It may be necessary to install a number of detectors to provide adequate coverage and to meet the site performance targets.
CCTV Training Manual Micropack
Ref: 2200.5011 Page 11 of 37 Rev: 1.0
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2.3 Exposure to Flare Radiation
Flame detectors are frequently used where hydrocarbon fire hazards are expected, typically
process plant and engine room hazards. The detector should not have a direct view the flare. If this
cannot be avoided the flare should be masked out to prevent an alarm being detected using the
built-in alarm masking facility.
2.4 Flexibility of mounting location
The detector requires a clear unobstructed view of the local hazard. In order to avoid local
obstructions, such as pipe-work and cable trays, a 2m helix should be provided in the detector
cable to allow local repositioning of the detector.
2.5 Mounting Arrangements
Firm, vibration free mountings are essential for trouble free operation of optical systems and the
detector should, wherever possible, be fixed to comparably rigid mountings.
2.6 Thermal Disruption
Thermal convection plumes and exhaust gas plumes generally exhibit a visual ‘mirage’ effect. In
most cases this does not affect detector operation or sensitivity. The detector does not respond to
black body radiation (such as turbine exhausts).
2.7 Optical Contamination
There are many sources of contamination such as oil, water (deluge water, rain and sea-spray),
snow and ice and internal misting. The design of the detector incorporates an internal heater and
hydrophillic-coated glass (inner and outer surfaces) to assist in maintaining the optical surfaces.
Excessive contamination of the detector faceplate will result in an increased maintenance
requirement and potentially reduce the detector’s sensitivity. Where detectors are mounted at low
level, care should be taken to avoid contamination (such as water and oil) from equipment above
the detector. Care should be taken in siting the detector to minimise the likelihood of such
contamination.
2.8 Enclosed Areas
In enclosed areas, if dense smoke is expected to accumulate at the onset of the fire, the detectors
should be mounted 1 to 2m below the ceiling level.
CCTV Training Manual Micropack
Ref: 2200.5011 Page 12 of 37 Rev: 1.0
This document is strictly private and confidential, reproduction without Micropack approval is prohibited. © Micropack Engineering Ltd, 2001
2.9 Fog (and other airborne obscurants)
Fog, smoke and potentially other similar airborne contaminants affect the detector’s sensitivity by
reducing the detector’s range. In general the detector’s range is limited to the Meteorological
Optical Range or M.O.R. The M.O.R. represents the range of human visibility as defined by the
MET office and is expressed as 'meters of visibility', i.e. the attenuation of light over a given
distance.
×−=
τe
eLMORVisibilitylog
20log][
( )100[%]1 ÷−== Opacityvitytransmissiτ
Equation 1 Meteorological Optical Range (M.O.R.) Calculation
For example, this means an M.O.R. distance of 20 meters results in the detector having a
maximum range of 20 meters.
2.10 Detector Sensitivity
The detector’s response to a fire is a function of the fuel source, how it is released, fire size and
distance, orientation to the detector, local ambient conditions and the detector threshold settings.
The detector sensitivity to different fuel sources is dependent on the apparent size of the flame, ie,
is inversely proportional to distance, approximately equivalent to a square-law. For example with
the detector sensitivity set to 10kW @ 10m the detector would equally respond to a 2.5KW fire at
5m or a 22.5kW fire at 15m. The corrected fire size for detector sensitivity setting versus distance
(2.5m to 20m) is shown in the following table:
Table 1 Actual Fire Size for Detector Sensitivity Setting vs Detection Distance
Detector Sensitivity Setting Detection Distance (m)
5 kW 10 kW 15 kW 20 kW 50 kW
2.5 0.315 kW 0.63 kW 0.945 kW 1.26 kW 3.15 kW
5 1.25 kW 2.5 kW 3.75 kW 5 kW 12.5 kW
7.5 2.815 kW 5.63 kW 8.445 kW 11.26 kW 28.15 kW
10 5 kW 10 kW 15 kW 20 kW 50 kW
15 11.25 kW 22.5 kW 33.75 kW 45 kW 112.5 kW
20 20 kW 40 kW 60 kW 80 kW 200 kW
Note: The values shown in Italics are the actual fire size in kW RHO.
L = measurement path length
τ = transmissivity (optical attenuation)
Opacity is the measurement of optical attenuation expressed as a percentage between 0% and 100%
CCTV Training Manual Micropack
Ref: 2200.5011 Page 13 of 37 Rev: 1.0
This document is strictly private and confidential, reproduction without Micropack approval is prohibited. © Micropack Engineering Ltd, 2001
2.11 Detector Field of View
The CCTV detector does not have a traditional cone of vision like a conventional IR flame detector.
The detector’s field of view is a rectangular pyramidal shape and represents a radial projection of
the detector rectangular sensing element. Refer to attached drawing 2200.6001 for the actual field
of view footprints.
2.12 Alternative Lenses
In special applications requiring long-range operation or a specific field of view it is possible to
change the detector’s coverage by selecting a suitable wide or narrow angle lens. The alarm mask
facility can then be used to precisely define the detection coverage.
The standard detector has a 90° wide-angle lens (1x) while a 9° narrow-angle lens (10x) offers the
longest range (i.e. highest magnification) currently available.
90° Lens (1x) image size 16m (w) x 13m (h) @ 10m range
9° Lens (10x) image size 16m (w) x 13m (h) @ 100m range
CCTV Training Manual Micropack
Ref: 2200.5011 Page 14 of 37 Rev: 1.0
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3 System Engineering
The following guidelines are intended to assist with the electrical design and engineering of
systems for use with the visual flame detector and each of the devices within the system. For more
specific details, such as specific terminations, the Technical Manual for each device must be
referred to
3.1 Device Requirements
3.1.1 Earthing & Screening Requirements
It is important to ensure the system is correctly connected to earth. Incorrect or poor earthing can
adversely affect system operation and may result in intermittent RS485 communications and video
image corruption.
The system 0V should be connected to a clean earth at only one point, generally this should be at
the panel power supply (or 0V bus bar). Where PC equipment is connected to the RS485 and
Video signals, care should be taken to ensure that the PC's and Panel's power supply are at the
same ground potential. Even small differences in earth potentials can cause an earth fault current
to flow resulting in video corruption. Where this is not possible either the PC's local supply should
be isolated and the PC's connected to the system clean earth, or alternatively, the Video and
RS485 signals should be isolated. The Micropack twisted pair to BNC video converter (VTP4) and
RS232 to RS485 converter (RS2485IF) can be used so long as the maximum potential difference
between each earth does not exceed +/-6V, as shown below:
In distributed systems with multiple DC-DC power supply units all 0V supplies must be connected
together to a common clean earth. Where this is not possible each system can either be
AC/AC Isolator
PC DISPLAY PC DISPLAY
RS2485IF
VTP4
LocalMains
RS2485IF
Supply
VideoIsolator
RS232 to485 Interface
Supply
System Clean Earth
Local Earth
Local Earth
Local Earth
RS232 to485 Interface
Optional Isolation if PC'sare not powered from the
panel supply
Optional Video Isolator(s) to allowPC's to be powered from local supply
(earth must be within +/-5V)
CCTV Training Manual Micropack
Ref: 2200.5011 Page 15 of 37 Rev: 1.0
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Detector(s) RS485 orVideo Signals
Cable Resistance
Cable Resistance
+Supply
0V Supply
+VSupply
+18VSupply
Minimum
HUB orVideo Switch
Cable Volt Drop+4V (Max)
(V=Current x Resistance)
Cable Volt Drop
DetectorSupply Current
connected to a local clean earth so long as the maximum potential difference between each earth
does not exceed +4 to -1Vdc, alternatively the Video and RS485 signals can be galvanically
isolated from the central system. Where earth fault monitoring is used care should be taken to
ensure that the system 0V to earth potential is not exceeded.
The detector enclosure is to be connected to a local earth and the detector cable screens (shields)
should be cut back to the crotch and not terminated within the detector. If the detector enclosure
cannot be connected to a local earth then care should be taken to ensure the cable armour braid
provides a suitable earth or that the enclosure earth stud (external) is separately connected to a
suitable earth point using a single core 4mm2 earth cable.
All detector cable screens should be connected to the local clean earth at the control panel. The
screens (and twisted pairs) should be maintained to within 1" (25.4mm) of the terminations at the
detector, within all junction boxes and at the control panel. Where unscreened cables are used for
panel wiring, then all cables must be suitably twisted into pairs and video cables should be
segregated from other signal sources.
3.1.2 Power Supply
Each device requires an absolute minimum supply voltage of 18V, measured at the device
terminals. The system power supply voltage and power distribution should be arranged such that
on the longest cable run the detector(s) has a supply voltage of greater than 18V. All devices must
share a common 0V supply. In distributed systems with multiple DC-DC power supply units all 0V
supplies must be connected together. Where this is not possible the RS485 and Video signals may
need to be galvanically isolated, such as with a fibre optic transceiver.
To prevent RS485 communications or video corruption the maximum volt drop on the 0V return
must not exceed +4V or -1V, refer to figure below. Voltages greater than these will exceed the
common mode input range of the RS485 and Video drivers. Power supply cable selection is
described in section 3.4 Cable Selection.
CCTV Training Manual Micropack
Ref: 2200.5011 Page 16 of 37 Rev: 1.0
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Figure 2 Detector Power Supply Cabling
CCTV Training Manual Micropack
Ref: 2200.5011 Page 17 of 37 Rev: 1.0
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3.1.3 RS485 Communications
The RS485 twisted pair cable is connected to the detector RS485-A signal on terminal 5 and the
RS485-B signal on terminal 6. It is possible to multi-drop more than one detector using twisted pair
cabling. The RS485 line termination link J2 an J3 for channels A & B respectively, located on the
detector baseboard, should be fitted if the detector is either the last detector of a multi-drop loop or
where only one detector is fitted. Each detector represents one RS485 unit load. A maximum of
32 devices, either detectors or other RS485 compatible equipment, can be connected to a single
transmission line.
3.1.4 Video (twisted pair)
The video twisted pair cable is connected to the detector +Video signal on terminal 9 and the
-Video signal on terminal 10. It is possible to multi-drop more than one detector using twisted pair
video cabling. The video line termination link J4, located on the detector baseboard, should be
fitted if the detector is either the last detector of a multi-drop loop or where only one detector is
fitted. A maximum of 6 detectors can be connected in a multi-drop loop.
3.1.5 Video (Coaxial)
The video coaxial cable is connected to the detector +Video signal on terminal 9 (coax conductor)
and the Video ground on terminal 11 (coax screen). Care should be taken when connecting to
commercial video equipment as the Video ground is often connected to the equipment 0V or earth.
This can result in the detector supply current returning through the coaxial cable screen, which may
affect the video quality. In such cases the detector supply cables should be increased in size to
reduce cable volt drop to a minimum. The video line termination link J4 should not be fitted. It is
not possible to multi-drop more than one detector using coaxial video cabling.
CCTV Training Manual Micropack
Ref: 2200.5011 Page 18 of 37 Rev: 1.0
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3.2 Connection Topologies
3.2.1 Point to Point Connection
In a point to point connection a single detector is connected to the power, RS485 and Video cables.
This arrangement has the best reliability and availability since any single failure in the field
equipment or cabling affects only the one detector. All line termination links for the RS485 and
Video signals must be fitted at the detector. The example shown below is for twisted pair video.
Figure 3 Detector Point to Point Cable Connection
3.2.2 Multi-drop Looping
In a multi-drop loop connection multiple detectors are connected to the power, RS485 and Video
cables. All line termination links for the RS485 and Video signals must be fitted on the detector at
the end of the loop (Detector A in the example below), all other detectors have their links removed
(Detector B, etc). The example shown below is for twisted pair video. Coaxial video is not possible
with this arrangement.
Figure 4 Detector Mulit-drop Loop Cable Connection
10
123456789
1112
Detector
J1 Power Supply
J2 Line Termination A
J3 Line Termination B
J4 Video Termination
22
131415161718192021
2324
1234
12
+24Vdc0Vdc
RS485.ARS485.B
+Video-Video
HUBController
Video Switcher
RS485 LineTermination
Clean Earth
10
123456789
1112
Detector B(C, D, etc)
J1 Power Supply
J2 Line Termination A
J3 Line Termination B
J4 Video Termination
22
131415161718192021
2324
1234
12
+24Vdc0Vdc
RS485.ARS485.B
+Video-Video
HUBController
Video Switcher
10
123456789
1112
Detector A
J1 Power Supply
J2 Line Termination A
J3 Line Termination B
J4 Video Termination
22
131415161718192021
2324
Clean Earth
RS485 LineTermination
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Ref: 2200.5011 Page 19 of 37 Rev: 1.0
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3.2.3 Coaxial Video Connection
This arrangement is similar to the twisted pair example except coaxial cabling is used for the video
signal. All line termination links for the RS485 and Video signals must be fitted at the detector.
Figure 5 Detector Coaxial Cable Connection
3.3 Detector Threshold Configuration
The detector has two types of user configuration, the hardware links on the baseboard described
previously and the detector threshold setting. The detector configuration should be recorded in the
project design at a suitable location to ensure that repairs or replacements are correctly configured.
The detector baseboard contains a non-volatile memory, this is used to store all detector thresholds
for the specific detector location (other than the detector alarm mask which is stored on the detector
sensor board). Should the detector sensor board be replaced the replacement will automatically
read the memory and configure itself accordingly. In the event the baseboard needs to be replaced
the replacement will need to be manually reconfigured with the correct configuration. However
since the detector sensor board stores the alarm mask data, should the sensor board be replaced
its replacement will need to be manually reconfigured.
The detector threshold allows the detector operation to be configured for the specific location.
Table 2 Default Detector Threshold Settings
Function/Description Default Comment
Detector Baseboard Address 1200h Set to address (201h to FFFh)
Fire Size 10kW (RHO) Set to performance target
Detector Enclosure Heater Enable Disabled Enable for ambient <16°C
Multi-dropped Video Disabled Enable for muli-drop loop
The detector thresholds should be set appropriately for the installation, refer to “get thresholds” for
details of detector thresholds.
10
123456789
1112
Detector
J1 Power Supply
J2 Line Termination 1
J3 Line Termination 2
J4 Video Termination
22
131415161718192021
2324
1234
12
+24Vdc0Vdc
RS485.ARS485.B
Coaxial Video
HUBController
Video Switcher
RS485 LineTermination
Clean Earth
CCTV Training Manual Micropack
Ref: 2200.5011 Page 20 of 37 Rev: 1.0
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3.4 Cable Selection
The installation and local regulations and standards determine the overall cable specification. This
section specifies suitable cable characteristics to ensure correct operation of the flame detector.
There are many different cabling methods available, each has advantages and disadvantages, and
these are:
1. Video coaxial cable plus combined twisted pairs for DC power and RS485 signals
2. Three twisted pair cable, one each for DC power, RS485 and video signals
3. Four twisted pair cable, two for DC power and one each for RS485 and video signals
4. Two twisted pair cable for DC power and RS485 and separate video coaxial cable
Option three allows smaller conductors to be used for RS485 and Video signals with double the
cross sectional area available for the DC power cables.
Table 3 Typical cable lengths (24V Supply)
Installation based on
24V nominal supply
Number
of Flame
Detectors
Maximum
Power
(W)
Maximum Cable Length
(m) with 1.5mm2
Conductors
(12 ohms/Km)
Maximum Cable Length
(m) with 2.5mm2
Conductors
(7.6 ohms/Km)
Detector and Heater 1 18 333 506
Detector (no Heater) 1 6 1,000 1,578
Detector and Heater 4 72 83 131
Detector (no Heater) 4 24 250 395
Note: increasing the supply voltage to 26V would increase the maximum cable lengths by +40%.
Table 4 AWG Conversion Table
Cross Sectional Area
(mm2)
American Wire
Gauge (AWG)
Typical Conductor Resistance per Km (3280ft)
DC Ohms/Km @ 20°C (approximate)
0.5 22 36
1 18 19
1.5 16 12
2.5 14 7.6
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3.4.1 General Guidance
The overall performance and the transmission distance depend on the selected twisted pair cable.
Individually screened twisted pairs offer better electrical immunity. When individually screened
twisted pairs are used the transmission distances are considerably reduced due to the higher
capacitance introduced by the screen. The choice between screened and unscreened pairs is a
compromise between transmission distance and immunity towards noise and crosstalk. (When
multiple detector signals are carried on a single cable the pairs must be individually screened to
prevent interference). Avoid locating unscreened twisted pair cable parallel to cables carrying high-
speed data or high energy and/or high frequency signals.
3.4.2 DC Power
It is not necessary for the DC power cable to be a twisted pair or individually screened, a 2-core
stranded cable with an overall screen is sufficient. The minimum conductor size is determined by
the cable length, the number of Flame Detectors on each loop and the maximum allowed voltage
drop at the last detector. To prevent RS485 and Video common mode problems this is limited to a
maximum of four volts (4V) on the negative supply.
( )2
4 minmin VdVsVVpd
−=≤
×÷
=Km
pd
Km L
VsNPd
V
R min
Equation 2 DC Supply Conductor Resistance Calculation
Use the value of Rkm calculated above to select a suitable gauge of conductor, alternatively, to
calculate the maximum cable length from a known conductor resistance swap Rkm and Lkm in the
above equation. The supply voltage and cable cross-sectional area (which equates to its
resistance) limits the maximum cable length, increasing the supply voltage (up-to a maximum of
32V) can dramatically increase cable length.
Prudence dictates that a cable is selected with a lower resistance than calculated above, with
sufficient allowance for the effects of crimps, terminals and ageing which can increase overall
resistance. Where a single cable cross sectional area cannot be found to satisfy both the needs of
the power and signal conductors consideration should be given to using multiple paralleled
conductors of a smaller cross section for the power.
Vpd = Potential across each conductor (limited to ≤4V)
Vsmin = Minimum Supply Voltage
Vdmin = Minimum Detector Voltage (18V)
Pd = 18 watts per Flame Detector (inc. Heater) or 6 watts excluding Heater
N = Number of Detector
LKm = Cable Length In Kilometres
RKm = Maximum Conductor Resistance per Kilometres
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3.4.3 Video (Coaxial)
The video cable should be low loss (attenuation) 75R coaxial cable with a stranded conductor to
facilitate crimping, such as equivalent to RG59 or RG11, with the following characteristics:
Table 5 Video (Coaxial) Cable Characteristics
Cable
Characteristic
Characteristic
Impedence
Capacitance Conductor
Resistance
Attenuation @
1MHz
Inductance
Nominal 75R 62pf/m - - - - - -
Absolute Limit - - 75pf/m <150R 6db - -
The maximum cable length is determined by the cable manufacturer's attenuation specification,
typically 300m, as shown in the calculation below. Coaxial video cabling generally produces the
highest video quality and allows the use of commercial CCTV video switching equipment.
kmdbkm AAL ÷=
Equation 3 Video (Coaxial) Cable Length Calculation
3.4.4 Video (Twisted Pair)
The video cabling should be a twisted pair stranded cable with an overall screen. Where multi-core
cables are used then individual screened twisted pairs are recommended. The cable should have
the following characteristics:
Table 6 Video (Twisted Pair) Cable Characteristics
Cable
Characteristic
Characteristic
Impedence
Capacitance Conductor
Resistance
Attenuation @
1MHz
Inductance
Nominal 150R 50nf/Km - - - - - -
Absolute Limit 90R to 150R 100nf/Km 150R 6db 0.7mH/Km
The maximum cable length is dependent on the cable manufacturers attenuation specification,
which is approximately proportional to conductor size. The characteristic impedance of a
transmission line is a function of the physical dimensions of the conductor and the permittivity of the
dielectric (the insulation), at high frequencies this is approximately equivalent to:
CLZo ÷=Ω)(
Equation 4 Characteristic Impedence Calculation
L = Cable Inductance (mH)
C = Cable Capacitance (uF)
Zo = Characteristic Impedence (Ohms)
Adb = Attenuation Limit (db)
Am = Cable Attenuation per Kilometre (db/km)
Lkm = Cable length in Kilometres
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3.4.5 RS485 Communication
The RS485 communications cabling should be a twisted pair stranded cable with an overall screen.
Where multi-core cables are used then individual screened twisted pairs are recommended. The
cable should have the following characteristics:
Table 7 RS485 Communications Cable Characteristics
Cable
Characteristic
Characteristic
Impedence
Capacitance Conductor
Resistance
Attenuation @
1MHz
Inductance
Nominal 120R 50nf/Km - - - - - -
Absolute Limit 90R to 150R 100nf/Km 150R 12db 0.7mH/Km
The maximum cable length is dependent on the cable manufacturers attenuation specification,
which is approximately proportional to conductor size. The characteristic impedance of a
transmission line is the same as for the video above.
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Ref: 2200.5011 Page 24 of 37 Rev: 1.0
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3.5 Fibre Optic Cabling
Fibre Optic transmission equipment is available from third party companies. Their products are
available 'commercially off the shelf' (COTS) and are intended for use in CCTV and security
applications. Typically the equipment provides simultaneous transmission of up-to four 75 Ohm
PAL Video signals and one channel of bi-directional RS485 communications along a single multi-
mode fibre (62.5/125um).
When selecting suitable equipment care should be taken in selecting the fibre type (single or multi-
mode) and in calculating the optical budget. The optical budget should consider the actual make-
up of the fibre path including:
• fibre attenuation per Km (at the transmission wavelengths)
• all splices and connectors
• rotary couplings/slip rings
• the total path length
• an allowance for the long term affects of ageing, etc
An example worse case optical budget is shown below:
Fibre Optic Losses 780nm Comment 1300nm Comment
Rotary Coupling Insertion Losses1 5.5dB 5.5dB
Rotary Coupling Spectral Variation2 -- 1.5dB
Splice / Connector Losses3 4dB 8 @ 0.5dB 4dB 8 @ 0.5dB
Fibre Optic Cable Losses4 3dB 1km @ 3dB/km 1dB 1km @ 1dB/km
Total Losses 12.5dB 12dB
Transmission Equipment Available Budget5 14dB 14dB
Available Budget 1.5dB 2dB
The available optical budget, after losses, is better than 1.5dB. This is sufficient to allow for the
effects of installation variations and ageing.
1 Taken from Focal Inc “fibre optic swivel specification” February 8, 1998
2 Taken from discussion with Focal Inc. engineering staff November, 1998
3 Based on maintaining high quality (cut and polished) spliced connections (typically <0.25db)
4 Taken from Anixter Canada quotation 09522 and technical attachments for a typical multi-mode fibre
5 Taken from Coe Ltd S-400 technical data sheets (later revised from 12db to 14db)
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4 Installation
This section discusses the requirements for the erection and installation of all related components
of the CCTV Flame Detection System. The objectives of are to ensure that all items are correctly
erected and installed without damage and undue deterioration. Installation is normally conducted in
two stages:
Phase One Mechanical installation of camera enclosures and remote controllers.
Phase Two Installation of electronic components for detectors, CER, CCR and remote
controllers.
4.1 General Requirements
All CCTV Flame Detection System components are shipped ex-works suitably packaged.
Reference should be made to the relevant ‘Unpacking & Preservation Procedures’ prior to
commencement of erection and installation operations.
During the erection and installation process, care should be taken at all times to prevent the risk of
damage to the CCTV Flame Detection System equipment from all forms of mechanical, electrical
or corrosive damage, such as that resulting from improper storage, unpacking, lifting, manual
handling, or modification.
Modification of any part of the supplied CCTV equipment, components or associated equipment
can only be performed with the written consent of Micropack.
Following successful erection and installation, precautions must continue to be taken to avoid
subsequent damage to the CCTV Flame Detection System equipment. These should include
wrapping the equipment in plastic to provide protection from other continuing work, such as
painting.
4.2 Preparation
All packaging, protection and preservation materials associated with CCTV Flame Detection
System components must be completely removed prior to commencement of erection and
installation operations.
When locating the CCTV Flame Detection System equipment, access and space must be provided
for cabling, detector field of view (FOV) adjustment, maintenance and panel/door access where
appropriate.
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4.3 Camera
Flame Detector installation supports and mounting arrangements should be clean and free from
obstructions prior to commencement of erection and installation operations. Alignment between
the equipment support/mounting plate and CCTV Flame Detector bracket must be checked, prior
to fixing, in accordance with the project documentation.
The detector mount consists of two stainless steel brackets which are bolted together. This bracket
assembly is fitted to the intended mount location using the bolts provided. These bolts are inserted
through the hole and slotted arc details which are to the rear of the bracket.
To fit the detector to the mount bracket, the pair of M6 cap head bolts should be inserted into the
rear of the detector enclosure and screwed partially down. The cap heads then engage with the
keyhole slots on the mount bracket, at which point they can be fully tightened.
4.4 Remote Controllers
Remote Controller supports should be checked to ensure they are the same as those detailed in
the project documentation. The area should be free from obstructions and objects that could
damage the remote controller, both during handling and installation.
All CCTV Flame Detection System control panels must be manoeuvred into the correct position
and orientation using suitable lifting equipment prior to erection operations. During such operations,
slings and designated lifting points must be used at all times, ensuring an equal distribution of
loading at each lift point. The maintenance envelope around the controllers should allow the
individual enclosure doors to be fully opened, ie 180o, with out meeting any obstructions. The frame
will be bonded to the main system earth in line with project specifications.
4.5 Master Station (CCR)
The CCR console should be inspected to ensure the space provided is the same as that detailed
the project documentation. The fixing arrangements should also be reviewed and any adjustments
made to allow secure fixing of the equipment to meet with project requirements.
The Display & Alarm Handling PC’s are to be installed as per specific project requirements.
CCTV Training Manual Micropack
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4.6 Electrical Installation
On a typical project, Micropack will install all the following electronic components and their
associated internal wiring:
• Fibre Optic connections.
• Final termination of PSU cabling to panels.
• Final termination of intersystem cables.
• All supplier prefabricated plug & socket cables.
Typically, the project will be responsible for the installation of cable as outlined below.
• All field cables.
• All unused cores.
• All intersystem cables.
• PSU cabling to CER panel.
When terminating to Micropack equipment, the Project’s responsibility is limited to the gland entries,
cable tray and field side terminals only, and will usually be detailed in the relevant project general
assembly drawings.
Care must be exercised by Project personnel when installing and terminating cables into control
panels to ensure damage does not occur to equipment or components contained therein.
Following installation completion, the CCTV Flame Detection System shall undergo full earthing
and insulation tests, in accordance with commissioning procedures, prior to ‘power-up’.
4.7 Cable Installation
Cable access to and from the CCTV Flame Detection System components must be provided
where appropriate. Segregation from power sources/cables and other forms electrical interference
must be maintained during all cable routing operations.
Installation must be arranged such that subsequent detector removal, for maintenance or repair,
can be easily achieved. All cable connections shall be supported and maintained in suitable project
standard electrical tray or racking.
All CCTV Flame Detection System cables shall be installed using specified cable glands and
avoiding the need for excessive bending or any form of working practices that may compromise
operation of the CCTV Flame Detection System. Cable armour and screens must be installed and
terminated in accordance with project requirements.
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Ref: 2200.5011 Page 28 of 37 Rev: 1.0
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5 Configuration
When installing new hardware or after replacement of existing hardware it is necessary to ensure
the equipment is correctly configured. This involves setting the hardware links, baseboard address,
and threshold configuration and checking the firmware revision appropriately for the equipment tag
location.
5.1 Setting Hardware Links
Before replacing the equipment copy the link setting from the old to the new equipment. Where this
is not possible refer to the system design drawings where records of the correct link configuration
will be kept. When replacing any of the following equipment the hardware links should be
checked/set:
1. Flame Detector Baseboard
2. Hub Controller Baseboard
3. Video Switcher Main board & Baseboard
4. Relay Driver Baseboard
5. RS485 Converter
The following equipment does not require any hardware links:
1. VTP4 Video Converter
2. BNC4 Video Converter
Refer to the relevant equipment technical manuals for details on how to set the hardware links.
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5.2 Setting Baseboard Address
All devices on the RS485 network must have a unique network address in the range of 001h to
FFFh (hex). All new equipment will have the baseboard address set to 200 hex, this address is
used by the system for a new or unconfigured detector and must not be used as an address for any
other device.
Note: To prevent address conflicts, since all new devices have the same address, only one
new or unconfigured device can be added to the system at a time.
The network recognises every device on the network by the combination of its device class (fixed
dependant on what type of device it is) and its baseboard address, e.g. 1200h is flame detector
address 200h, whereas 6200h is Hub address 200h. There is no conflict between different device
classes with the same baseboard address.
The device classes and device address are given below.
Device Name Device Class Device Address
Flame Detector 1 001h to FFFh, 200h reserved for new unconfigured device
PC Display Terminal 3 001h to FFFh
Video Switcher 5 001h to FFFh, 200h reserved for new unconfigured device
Hub Controller 6 001h to FFFh, 001h reserved for the MASTER HUB, 200h reserved for new device
Relay Driver 7 001h to FFFh, 200h reserved for new unconfigured device
When replacing any of the following equipment the baseboard address should be checked/set:
1. Flame Detector Baseboard.
2. Hub Controller Baseboard.
3. Video Switcher Baseboard.
4. Relay Driver Baseboard.
The following equipment does not require a network address:
1. RS485 Converter.
2. VTP4 Video Converter.
3. BNC4 Video Converter.
4. VCR.
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The network address can be checked and changed for a new device from the display terminal
using the following procedure:
Notes Install the equipment and power on, check that the equipment is in a healthy condition
1 Restart the master Hub firmware (to discover the new hardware).
2 New unconfigured equipment appears in the 'healthy' list in the 'device status' window as ‘New Device’.
3 Bring up the device local menu (mouse right click on the device address) and select 'get threshold'.
4 To change the address select the device address field and enter the required device address, select 'apply' option.
5 To check the address repeat step 4 and check the address field is as previously entered.
6 Bring up the device local menu and select 'restart firmware' to reset the device (the device will now report on the new address and address 200h will be reported as a failure).
7 Restart the master Hub firmware (to discover the new hardware).
8 The new equipment appears in the 'healthy' list in the 'device status' window with the correct address.
Refer to the relevant equipment technical manuals for details of the threshold settings.
5.2.1 Discover a device where the device address is unknown (not 200h)
Ideally all newly installed equipment will be programmed with address 200h, otherwise there is a
high likelihood of a network conflict. Where no network conflict has occurred, i.e. the baseboard
address is not already in use follow the procedure described below.
Notes Install the equipment and power on, check that the equipment is in a healthy condition
1 Restart the master Hub firmware (to discover the new hardware).
2 New unconfigured equipment appears in the 'healthy device' list in the 'device status' window.
3 If the device address is unknown, disconnect or reset the device in question, if the device has been discovered its 'failure' will be annunciated in the 'failed device' window of the 'device status' window.
4 To change the address select the device address field and enter the required device address, select 'apply' option.
Where a network conflict has occurred, i.e. the new equipment has the same address as a device
already resident the system will automatically ignore one of the devices and it will not be possible to
detect that a conflict has occurred. It is therefore recommended that unless the device address is
known the equipment is returned to Micropack (Engineering) Ltd for resetting to address 200h.
5.2.2 Recording Device Address.
It is good practise to label the baseboard with its network address.
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5.3 Setting Threshold Configuration
This threshold settings allows the devices current threshold setting (configuration) to be viewed and
changed. Before replacing equipment copy the threshold setting from the old to the new
equipment. Where this is not possible refer to the system design drawings where record of the
correct link configuration will be kept.
When replacing any of the following equipment the threshold settings should be checked/set:
1. Flame Detector Main board6 & Baseboard
2. Hub Controller Main board7 & Baseboard
3. Video Switcher Baseboard
4. Relay Driver Baseboard
The following equipment does not have any threshold settings:
1. VTP4 Video Converter
2. BNC4 Video Converter
3. RS485 Converter
Refer to the relevant equipment technical manuals for details of the threshold settings.
5.4 Uploading New Firmware
The upload firmware is intended for used by Micropack trained technicians. The detector firmware
(its software programme) can be updated by selecting the 'upload firmware' option on the devices
local menu. The dialogue box allows devices to be programmed individually or all together. It is
recommended that the devices be programmed individually, and that a successful upload is
confirmed by manually checking the firmware revision in 'get settings' option on the devices local
menu. Always ensure the latest firmware version has been installed onto the display PC since this
is used to both programme the detector and to verify the detectors' firmware is at the correct
revision. Uploading firmware can take several minutes during which time the operator should not
begin a second upload or grab picture. The upload progress is displayed in display terminal status
bar at the bottom of the display terminal window. When the upload is completed the detector will
automatically initiate a firmware restart.
6 The flame detector sensor/main board stores alarm mask information internally in its local memory
7 The Master and Primary Hub main boards store the system device list internally in its local memory
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6 Operation
The display terminal indicates the status of each device accordingly:
Device Status Condition / Description
Green Healthy – OK.
Yellow Device Failed or Communications to the device has failed - Maintenance Required.
Brown Device Warning the device has detected an internal fault - Investigation Required.
Red (flashing) Fire Alarm – not acknowledged.
Red (steady) Fire Alarm – acknowledged.
Blue (border) Device Fire Alarms are Inhibited.
When new conditions occur the device status is indicated by flashing the device icon the
appropriate colour, e.g. flashing red indicates a new fire alarm, and audible alarms are activated.
6.1.1 Acknowledge
Selecting operator 'acknowledge' either on the keyboard (F5) 1 or from the device local menu will
silence the audible indications and set all flashing indications to a steady condition, e.g. the flashing
red becomes a steady red condition.
6.1.2 Reset
Selecting operator 'reset' either on the keyboard (F6) 1 or from the device local menu will reset all
alarm conditions and the alarm indication will either clear or re-occur depending on whether the
flame detector continues to signal a fire alarm condition, such as when the fire is still present. Fault
& Warning conditions automatically clear whenever the condition is removed.
6.1.3 Inhibit
Fire alarms may be 'inhibited' by bringing up the devices 'local menu' and selecting 'inhibit'. When a
flame detector is inhibited its no longer forms part of the systems voting logic, that is to say that
while the device status is indicated as normal no output relays will be affected and plant shutdowns
will not occur.
6.1.4 Device Local Menu
To select the device local menu from the display terminal use the following procedure:
Notes This procedure will work for devices displayed on the area mimics, or within the device status window
1 move the mouse pointer to point at the either the device icon on the mimic or device tag number in the status window.
2 Press the right hand mouse button, the device local menu should appear.
3 Select the desired function from the local menu (available options are displayed in black text) . Menu options displayed 'grey text' are dependant on the device condition these options are not available.
1 Note : Seletion of F5 and F6 will effect changes throughout the entire relevant fire zone, not just on individual devices.
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7 Maintenance
Only the flame detector requires regular maintenance. The maintenance schedule is intended for
guidance only. The actual level of maintenance required is dependant on the detector’s operating
environment and the likelihood of damage or the rate of contamination from oil or sea spray.
Where there is no operating history it is advisable to regularly review the maintenance reports and
adapt the maintenance period to the operating environment.
Step Periodic Inspection and Maintenance Suggested Interval
1-6 General Inspection and maintenance of the detector and faceplate. 6 monthly
6-14 Specific inspection and maintenance of the detector enclosure. 12 monthly
16 Detector function testing. 6 monthly
Step Activity Key Points
1 Detectors that require maintenance should be inhibited. Detectors which require to be opened up will need to be isolated electrically.
Ensure that panel wiring and terminations associated with all units under test are in good order .
2 Ensure that detector mounting arrangements are secure and undamaged.
3 Ensure that the detector enclosure is intact and undamaged.
4 Ensure that all associated cables and glands are correctly made up, secure and undamaged.
5 Clean the enclosure faceplate (outside) with a mild detergent solution and a soft cloth until the window is clear of all contamination. Wash the window thoroughly with clean water and dry with a clean lint free cloth or tissue.
Assess requirement for opening the enclosure, for maintenance or cleaning, follow steps 6 to 14.
6 Open up the detector enclosure if required, by loosening the grub screw and removing the enclosure cover. This exposes the enclosure flame path and detector electronics.
Avoid damage to the flame path and faceplate.
7 Clean the enclosure cover and body flame paths with a dry clean cloth to remove any contamination. If the flame path or threads are badly pitted the component should be replaced.
8 Check the 'O' ring seal on the enclosure cover is not damaged or perished, replace as required. Note the ingress protection is compromised if the seal is not correct.
9 Clean the enclosure faceplate (inside) with a mild detergent solution and a soft cloth until the window is clear of all contamination. Wash the window thoroughly with clean water and dry with a clean lint free cloth or tissue
10 Non-setting waterproof grease should be evenly applied to the flame path on both the enclosure cover and body.
11 Visually inspect detector electronics and inside the enclosure body for any sign of damage or moisture, replace or rectify as required.
12 The enclosure cover must be screwed on to a minimum of 5 full turns or until fully tight and secured using the locking screw provided.
13 Reinstate the detector back into service.
14 Ensure that inhibits are applied, then, using the flame test torch, function test the detector. Note the detector LED indicator, within the detector housing, changes colour to RED.
Check the complete display system for correct function and indication.
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8 Fault Finding
8.1 Diagnostics
It is impossible to provide fault diagnostics for every possible detector fault. The following
flowcharts represent the most likely faults. In all cases it is advised the following best practice is the
key to successful diagnosis:
• Only make one change at a time (changing more than one thing makes diagnosis very difficult).
• Check the most obvious possible causes first.
• Work systematically through the problem.
• Keep good notes on the original problem, each step taken and the results observed.
8.1.1 Led Indication (Detector Status)
The detector LED indicator is used to reveal the detectors current state, as shown below:
Detector HealthyLED Steady
Green?YES
LED SteadyOFF?
NO
Power FailedCheck powerdistribution
YES
LED Flashing(Slowly) Green?
NO
Watchdog TrippedReplace Detector
Sensor BoardYES
LED Flashing(Fast) Green?
NO
Detector BaseboardAddress set to Default
YES
LED FlashingYellow?
NO
Diagnostic FailureReplace Detector
Sensor BoardYES
LED SteadyYellow?
NO
Disgnostic OpticalFault - Check Detector
YES
LED CyclingGreen-Yellow-
Red?
NO
YESDetector Restart
Condition
LED SteadyRed?
YES FIRE ALARM
NO
Check LED Status
Figure 6 LED Status Diagnostic Chart
Refer to the following sections on diagnosing Power Supply, RS485 communications and Video
faults.
CCTV Training Manual Micropack
Ref: 2200.5011 Page 35 of 37 Rev: 1.0
This document is strictly private and confidential, reproduction without Micropack approval is prohibited. © Micropack Engineering Ltd, 2001
8.1.2 Power Supply
If the detector LED indicator is OFF then there may be a power supply fault, as shown below:
Power FailedDetector LED OFF
Found the break?
Detector LEDON?
Is PowerSupplyON?Turn it ON NO
Is +24V Present &correct Polarity?
YES
Measure the voltage atBaseboard Terminals:
1 (& 3) +24V, 2 (& 4) 0V
Power Distribution FaultCheck the polarity, sourcefuse, cabling, crimps and
junction boxes
NO YES
Plug the detector intobaseboard
Measure the voltage onthe detector heater
(24V) and screw headH1, 2, 3 or 4 (0V)
NO
Is +24V Present?Replace Baseboard NO Replace DetectorYES
Check LED conditionYES
YES
NO
Figure 7 Power Supply Diagnostic Chart
When investigating power supply faults it is important to check that all voltages are within the
detectors operating range (18V to 32V) under full load conditions as the voltages measured under
no load conditions can be misleading.
CCTV Training Manual Micropack
Ref: 2200.5011 Page 36 of 37 Rev: 1.0
This document is strictly private and confidential, reproduction without Micropack approval is prohibited. © Micropack Engineering Ltd, 2001
8.1.3 RS485 Communications
If the RS485 communications are poor or completely failed the problem could be due to a great
number of possible causes. If the communications to the detector were formerly OK this simplifies
the number of possible causes to those shown below. Familiarity with this chart will also help
diagnose communications faults during commissioning.
Whatis the LED
status?
Communications Fault(device formerly OK)
Restart Master Hub
Are their NONE orPOOR Comms?
Transient ProblemIf persists treat as poor
communications
NONECheck Detector
LED Status
DefaultBaseboard Address
Healthyor Alarm
PowerFault or
FailedDetector
Rectify Power Failureor Replace Detector
Check for address 1200on the Display PC
'Device Status' window'sHealthy List
IsDetector Address
Present?
Change the deviceaddress to the correct
one for the detector taglocation
YESTotal Cable FaultInvestigate as poor
commsNO Return to start
POORTermination, Cabling
or Detector/HUBBaseboard Fault
Check terminations linksare set correctly
Check cable continuityensure all crimps,
terminals, screens andcabling are correct
Are their CommsOK?
NOReplace Detector
Baseboard
YES
If problem persist check(replace if needed) associated
HUB Controller
Perform acommunications test on
the suspect camera
Did this curethe Fault?
NO YES
System Cabling PrecautionsUse best practice and ensure all terminals and crimps are secure
Check cabling ensuring that twisted pairs and screening aremaintained throughout and to within 1" of the termination.
Ensure screens are properly earthed (clean earth/system 0V)Ensure adequate segragation from Power Signals
Check for open or shortcircuit connection and
reversed cabling
Figure 8 RS485 Communications Diagnostic Chart
CCTV Training Manual Micropack
Ref: 2200.5011 Page 37 of 37 Rev: 1.0
This document is strictly private and confidential, reproduction without Micropack approval is prohibited. © Micropack Engineering Ltd, 2001
8.1.4 Live Video Images
The live video signal suffers more potential problems than for RS485 communications because the
signal is an analogue transmission and available for operator scrutiny. The cabling is critical to
video image quality. Due to the nature of the video signal video corruption will appear differently
on each detector/installation. The following chart is intended as a guideline for diagnosis of video
problems.
Cabling FaultCheck cabling ensuringthat twisted pairs and
screens are maintainedthroughout, and
adequately segregatedfrom power & RS485
Live Video Fault
Does the VideoWindow appear?
Doesthe video window
appear for all otherdetectors?
YES
NO
NOIs there an
Image (or Blueor Black)?
YES
Is the video imageCorrupted?
YES(an image)
Isthe correct image
displayed?
NO
Intermittent Interferencemay be due to RS485
CommunicationsYESNO
Blue
Replace Baseboardand/or Detector
Black
YES
Master HUBCommunications Fault
Check for intermittentcommunications fault
with Master HUB
Incorrect Video ImageCheck device list entry
has correct video routingCheck cabling iscorrectly installed
Long Cable LengthApply Compensation forDC and EQ gain to the
video switch
Isthe detector on a
multi-drop?NO
Ensure all multi-dropdetectors are configured'video disable on reset'
YES
Didthis correct the
Image?NO
What is thecorruption?
Loss of Contrast, Darkenedor ghosted images
No Sync or scrolling white lines
Hum bars or Noisey Imageor Horizontal Ripple
Inverted VideoCheck video cabling fora reversed connection
Is the ImageBlurred?
NO
YESIf problem persists
Replace Baseboardand/or Detector
No Video SignalCheck device list entry
has correct video routingCheck cabling iscorrectly installed
FocusRemove Detector andadjust focus and clean
all optical surfacesthoroughly
YES
System Cabling PrecautionsUse best practice and ensure all terminals and crimps are secure
Check cabling ensuring that twisted pairs and screening aremaintained throughout and to within 1" of the termination.
Ensure screens are properly earthed (clean earth/system 0V)Ensure adequate segregation from Power & RS485 Communications lines
How is the imageDistorted?
Reasonable Imagewith Hum bars
(interference lines)
Reasonable Imagewhich Wobbles / Ripples
Serious Corruptionof Image
VibrationEnsure baseboard and
detector screws aretightened and that allmountings are secure
and free from vibration.
Earthing FaultEnsure system 0V andPC Display Earth are atsame potential with no
earth return currentSame applies to all field
cablingVideo OK
If problempersists
No Video Route FoundCheck device list entry
for detector videorouting is correct
Is theimage blue for allother detectors?
PC Display VideoConnection Broken
YES
NO
Long Cable LengthApply Compensation forDC and EQ gain to the
video switch
If problemPersists
Figure 9 Video Signal Diagnostic Chart
8.2 Replacement and Repair
The devices generally contain no user serviceable parts.
If the device baseboard is replaced its replacement must be reconfigured with the correct threshold
settings and jumper link settings.
If the detector sensor board is replaced its replacement may need to be reconfigured with the
correct alarm mask image.
If the Hub controller main board is replaced its replacement may need to be reconfigured with the
correct device list.