234858095 HSUPA 5 Principles of HSUPA Link Budget and Network Estimation 20070329 a 1 0

HSUPA Link Budget and Network Dimensioning

UMTS Network Planning Dept.

March 2007

Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen.

Today I would like to present a report to you and the report title is:

Course Objectives

Principles of HSUPA link budget

Principles of HSUPA capacity dimensioning

Principles of HSUPA CE dimensioning

Principles of HSUPA Iub dimensioning

After studying this course, you will be able to get familiar with:

This page lists the objectives of this course.

Contents

Training.huawei.com

Chapter 1 HSUPA Link Budget

Chapter 2 HSUPA Capacity Dimensioning

Chapter 3 HSUPA CE and Lub Dimensioning

This page enables trainees and teachers to gain a rough understanding of the course schedule.

It lists the major contents of this course and only needs to list the name of each chapter. It may also list the sections if there are not many sections in each chapter.

Section 1 Principles of HSUPA Link BudgetSection 2 Difference in Link Budget Between HSUPA and R99Section 3 Tool Implementation
This page describes the contents of this chapter.

The layout is applicable when there is no sub-section under each section of the chapter.

This page lists the titles of the major contents in this chapter.

Principles of HSUPA Link Budget

HSUPA coverage requirements: throughput at the cell edge

Purpose of HSUPA link budget: to calculate the coverage rate at the cell edge or the available coverage radius of HSUPA under a certain bearing rate.

HSUPA link budget is based on the emulation results: The emulation results indicate the relationship between HSUPA Ec/No and throughput.
Simulation condition SBLER = 30%
-20

-16

-12

-8

-4

0

4

8

69

507.6

978

1353

1972.8

2706

4050

Physical layer rate

Ec/N0

PA3

TU3

TU50

VA120

HSUPA Link Budget Process

The HSUPA link budget process is similar to that of R99.

At present, the power rollback of the UE is not considered in HSUPA link budget.

Max. transmit power of UE

UE antenna gain

Node B antenna gain

Soft handover gain to fast fading

Soft handover gain to slow fading

Macro diversity gain

Slow fading margin

Fast fading margin

Interference margin

Body loss

Feeder loss to connector

Penetration loss

Maximum allowed path loss

HSUPA uplink budget

Receiving sensibility of Node B

Antenna gain

Soft handover gain

Margin

Loss

Power rollback

HSUPA Link Budget Function 1

Calculate the cell coverage radius according to the known rate at the cell edge.

Simulation

Throughput => Ec/No

Ec/No. of the cell edge

Rate at the cell edge

Cell coverage radius

Node B receiving sensitivity

Link budget

Node B receiving sensitivity = -108.16 + Node B noise coefficient + Ec/No

HSUPA Link Budget Function 2

Calculate the rate at the cell edge according to the known cell coverage radius.

Ec/No Received HSUPA signal strength of Node B at the cell edge - ( -108.16 + Node B noise coefficient )

Link budget

Simulation

Ec/ No => throughput

Ec/No of the cell edge

Received HSUPA signal strength of Node B at the cell edge

Rate at the cell edge

Cell coverage radius

Difference in Link Budget Between HSUPA and R99 (1/5)

R99 link budget

The requirements on different continuous coverage services differ in different scenarios.

Calculate the cell radius according to such requirements as coverage services and quality target.

The calculation focuses on uplink coverage.

HSUPA link budget: to get the data rate of HSUPA at the cell edge

HSUPA link budget focuses on the uplink data rate at the cell edge.

The cell radius should be based on R99 coverage.

Coverage target

Capacity target

Quality target

Link budget

Maximum allowed path loss

Cell radius

Coverage area type Radio propagation parameters

Propagation model


Power rollback is not considered for R99 UEs.

Transmitting power rollback of HSUPA UE is relatively significant.

After HSUPA is introduced, there are more uplink channels: DPCCH, DPDCH, E-DPDCH, E-DPCCH and HS-DPCCH. The Peak-to-Average Ratio (PAR) rises to cause UE transmit power to back off.

When the HSUPA rate is low and DPCCH, DPDCH, E-DPDCH, HS-DPCCH and E-DPDCH all exist, the PAR is rather high and the power rollback is significant.

When the HSUPA rate is high, HSUPA adopts the physical channel codes among {2SF4, 2SF2, 2SF2+2SF4}, and DPCCH, DPDCH, E-DPDCH, HS-DPCCH and E-DPDCH all exist, the PAR is low and the power rollback is insignificant.


Even higher uplink load in HSUPA

Fast Node B scheduling can effectively suppress the rise of uplink interference, that is, it can more precisely control uplink interference. Thus, HSUPA uplink can operate under a higher load.

The simulation results of N company show that the average uplink ROT supported by the HSUPA system is 1 dB higher than the original R99 (4 dB) under the same overload condition (ROT > 6 dB). Therefore, HSUPA can operate under a higher target load.
50% UL Load 3dB
The uplink load in R99 is usually no more than 50%.


There is a high soft handover gain in R99.

HSUPA adopts HARQ, which brings time diversity gain. Thus, the gain produced in soft handover is relatively low in HSUPA.


R99 requires a big fast fading margin

Fast power control is used mainly to compensate fast fading.

HSUPA requires a small fast fading margin.

E-DPDCH adopts the HARQ mechanism, which brings time diversity gain.

Power control is used to adjust the rate instead of compensating fast fading.
Example: For channel PA3, the rate of PS services is 64 kbit/s. The fast fading margin is 2.1 dB in R99 while that is 1.2 dB in HSUPA.

Parameter Values in HSUPA Link Budget
Currently, RND3.0 does not consider UE power rollback. The fast fading margin is 0, because at present only the Ec/No. emulation data without power control is available. The soft handover gain to fast fading is 0. The soft handover gain to slow fading is merged into slow fading margin.This tool does not consider macro diversity gain.

HSUPA Link Budget Function (1/2)

Calculate the rate at the cell edge according to the know cell radius.

Calculate the cell radius according to the known rate at the cell edge.
Channel model
--- The channel model affects FRC EcNo.
BLER
--- Calculate the retransmission ratio based on BLER.

Retransmission ratio = BLER / (1 - BLER)

---The retransmission ratio affects FRC EcNo.
BLER/ Ec/N0[dB]FRC1FRC2FRC3FRC4FRC5FRC6FRC7BLER135327064059507.6979.81959.669PA370%-10-7-5.6-14.3-11.9-9.1-21.230%-3.9-0.51.1-9.3-6.8-3.8-17.210%-2.60.92.9-8.8-6.1-3.2-16.2

HSUPA Link Budget Function (2/2)
Using peak rate and BLER
--- Calculate the cell coverage radius when the rate at the cell edge is equal to the FRC bearing rate.

--- At present, the available Ec/No emulation data covers only three scenarios where the retransmission ratios are 30, 70 and 90. When the retransmission ratio calculated according to the input BLER in link budget is not one of the previous three values, the principle of proximity shall apply.
Using cell edge throughput
--- Calculate the cell coverage radius according to the user-input effective rate at the cell edge.

--- When the physical layer rate calculated according to the input effective rate at the cell edge and BLER is not equal to the FRC rate, the rate shall be linearized.

--- For the retransmission ratio, the principle of proximity shall apply.
Using coverage radius
--- Calculate the effective rate at the cell edge according to the user-input cell radius.

---When the Ec/No of the cell edge calculated through link budget is not equal to FRC EcNo, EcNo shall be linearized.

--- Effective rate at the cell edge = physical layer rate at the cell edge x (1 BLER)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

-20

-12.3

-9.6

-7.9

-6.7

-4.8

-3.3

Ec/No of the cell edge

Principle of proximity: If the retransmission ratio calculated according to BLER is approximate to 30%, 70% or 90%, then the approximate value shall be used in link budget. For example, suppose the retransmission ratio is 40%, then we shall use 30% as the retransmission ratio in link budget because 40% is most approximate to 30%.

Contents

Training.huawei.com






Section 1 Principles of HSUPA Capacity DimensioningSection 2 Difference in Capacity Dimensioning Between HSUPA and R99Section 3 RND Tool Implementation



Principles of HSUPA Capacity Dimensioning

Capacity dimensioning function
Calculate the cell mean throughput according to the HSUPA load.Calculate the HSUPA load according to the cell mean throughput.
Major parameters involved in dimensioning
Power offsets like HSUPA TTI E-DPDCH retransmission countMapping between HSUPA Ec/N0 and the bearing rate

HSUPA Capacity Dimensioning Function 1

HSUPA capacity dimensioning function 1: Calculate the cell mean throughput according to the known HSUPA load.

Total uplink load

HSUPA actual load

Maximum rate per user of the cell

Cell mean throughput

HS-DPCCH load

R99 load

Associated channel load

HSUPA Capacity Dimensioning Function 2

HSUPA capacity dimensioning function 2: Calculate the HSUPA load according to the known HSUPA cell mean throughput.

Initialize the HSUPA load or change (increase or decrease) the current load according to the throughput comparison result

HSUPA cell mean throughput InputThr

Output the current HSUPA load

Calculated cell mean throughput
CalcThr

InputThr=CalcThr?

Y

N

Calculation Process of Actual Load in HSUPA

HS-DPCCH load

: Number of concurrent HSDPA users : Number of HS-SCCHs

: Soft handover proportion : DPCCH load : CQI reporting period

: SHO and non-SHO power offsets such as CQI and ACK
CQI load calculationACK/NACK load calculation

Calculation Process of Actual Load in HSUPA

HSUPA associated channel load
Independent carrier: Shared carrier:
HSUPA actual load
HSUPA and HSDPA associated channels can be shared.Associated DPCCH loadAssociated DPDCH load:

Maximum Rate Per User of HSUPA

Maximum rate per user:Rmax
Actual load per HSUPA user:Maximum rate per user Rmax:
When is the rate per user the biggest?

HSUPA actual load per user = Total uplink HSUPA available load

W: chip rate R: HSUPA bearer bit rate

: Amplitude gain factor of DPCCH, DPDCH and E-DPCCH

: Eb/N0 of E-DPDCH

Mean Throughput of HSUPA Cells

Cell mean throughput
Maximum rate per user with the given radius rHSUPA users are evenly distributed in the circle whose radius is r.Cell mean throughput:
R: Cell radius S: Cell area

: Included angle of the circle

R

Difference in Capacity Dimensioning Between HSUPA and R99

R99 capacity dimensioning uses KR+BE algorithms.

HSUPA capacity dimensioning algorithm is similar to that of HSDPA and uses integral calculation.

Uplink target load setting

When the original R99 network has good coverage: The total uplink load may be appropriately increased.

When the original R99 network has poor coverage: The total uplink load shall keep unchanged.

Higher cell throughput:

Emulation condition: TU3, with the voice traffic of 20 Erl

Keep the uplink load at 50% and bear the PS services on HSUPA. The capacity is improved by 30% than R99.

Keep the uplink load at 75% and bear the PS services on HSUPA. The capacity is improved by 118% than R99.

R5 Network Construction Input of Common Parameters
HSPA independent carrier
--- R99 uplink load and HSUPA uplink load are separately set.

--- The uplink interference margin is calculated according to the HSUPA uplink load.
HSPA and R99 share the carrier
---The total uplink load of R99 and HSUPA is set.

--- HSUPA loadTotal uplink load - R99 uplink load

---The uplink interference margin is calculated according to the total uplink load of HSUPA and R99.

R5 Network Construction Input of Advanced Parameters
Input of advanced parameters in HSUPA capacity dimensioning
Advanced parameters in capacity dimensioning

R5 Network Construction Major Output Parameters
HSUPA cell actual throughput
--- Calculate the cell throughput according to the HSUPA load.
HSUPA cell target throughputHSUPA cell actual load
--- Calculate the cell load according to the cell mean throughput.
HSUPA actual cell edge throughput
--- Calculate the cell edge throughput according to the cell radius obtained through iterative capacity dimensioning.
Power required for HSUPA target throughput
--- Calculate the HSUPA load according to the HSUPA cell target throughput.

Number of users of the HSUPA cell (1 + Burst margin) / (1 - BLER)

HSUPACellTargetThroughput (kbps) - Throughput per HSUPA user

R99 Upgrade Input of Common Parameters

HSPA shared carrier

HSUPA uplink load is input by the user.

Generally, the sum of HSUPA uplink load and R99 uplink load shall be less than 75%.

The uplink interference margin is calculated according to the sum of HSUPA uplink load and R99 uplink load.

HSPA independent carrier

HSUPA uplink load is input by the user.

HSUPA uplink load is separately set and has nothing to do with R99.

The uplink interference margin is calculated according to HSUPA uplink load.

R99 Upgrade Major Output Parameters
HSUPA cell actual throughput
---Calculate the cell throughput according to the HSUPA load.
HSUPA cell actual load
--- Calculate the cell load according to the cell mean throughput.
HSUPA actual cell edge throughput
--- Calculate the cell edge throughput according to the cell radius obtained through iterative capacity dimensioning.
Power required for HSUPA target throughput
--- Calculate the HSUPA load according to the HSUPA cell target throughput.
HSUPA cell target throughput
Number of users of the HSUPA cell (1 + Burst margin) / (1 - BLER)

HSUPACellTargetThroughput (kbps) - Throughput per HSUPA user

Contents

Training.huawei.com






Section 1 HSUPA CE DimensioningSection 2 HSUPA Lub DimensioningSection 3 Tool Implementation

Factors Influencing the HSUPA Uplink CE Number

The number of CEs occupied in the HSUPA uplink may be affected by the following factors:
HARQ: It employs fast retransmission in the physical layer. The more the retransmission times, the more the occupied CEs. The improvement of demodulation performance enables the cell capacity to be enlarged and enables the system to support more HSUPA users. The more the users, the more the occupied CEs. Coding efficiency: For the lower coding efficiency, the higher physical channel codes are needed to send a transport block of the same size and the more CEs are occupied.Soft handover: In the soft handover area, the UE has established links with multiple cells and occupies several times CE resources. DCH associated channel (uplink/downlink): HSUPA needs associated DCHs. One associated DCH occupies one CE.Number of concurrent HSUPA users: The more HSUPA users are simultaneously connected, the more CE resources are occupied. HSUPA mean throughput: After HSUPA is introduced, the mean throughput is enlarged and so more CEs are occupied.

HSUPA CE Dimensioning Uplink (1/3)
CEs occupied by DCH associated channels:Every associated channel occupies one CE.The method of estimating the CEs occupied by associated channels is similar to that of HSDPA.HSUPA can share CE resources with R99.DCH associated channels, the new E-DPCCH and E-DPDCH introduced into HSUPA all occupy CEs.E-DPCCH bears the demodulation associated signaling.E-DPDCH bears uplink service data.DCH transports control information.


For non-scheduling grant services

The transmission rate is usually constant and so is the number of occupied CEs. The dimensioning method of R99 may be used to make the calculation.

For HSUPA scheduling grant services

The transmission rate is variable and the number of occupied CEs also keeps changing. The following formula may be used for the calculation:

Nce: Total CEs occupied in the HSUPA uplink

N: Number of concurrent HSUPA users

SHO%: Soft handover proportion

b: Burst margin

BLER: RLC layer block error rate, corresponding to the service layer QoS index

M:CEs occupied by physical channel codes (or code combinations), as shown in the table on next page.
The number of users of HSUPA associated channels shall satisfy 1


The requested bearing rate can be calculated according to the requested mean rate (R) and the total number of retransmissions (determined by SBLER), and is then mapped to m as shown in the following table:

Note:

The above data about the number of CEs occupied by the above physical channel codes (or code combinations) are given by the Node B department.

The CE resources needed by the HSUPA uplink are related to the specific product implementation. Different vendors may adopt different implementation methods.

HSUPA CE Dimensioning Downlink

AGCH, RGCH and HICH are added in the HSUPA downlink:
Channel TypeOccupy CEDescriptionDownlink common channel AGCHNoAt present, the three channels are separately processed and so they do not occupy the CE resources of R99 services.Downlink dedicated channel RGCHNoDownlink dedicated channel HICHNoHSUPA downlink associated channelYesConsidering that usually HSDPA is adopted in the downlink when the UE adopts HSUPA in the uplink, the number of CEs occupied by DCH associated channels shall be the greater of the number of CEs occupied by HSDPA associated channels and that occupied by HSUPA associated channels.

Difference in CE Dimensioning Between HSUPA and R99

Dimensioning method

R99: The uplink CE dimensioning method is the same as that of the downlink.

HSUPA: The uplink CE dimensioning method is different from that of the downlink.

Data and signaling

The data transmitted on R99 DCH contain signaling and so it is unnecessary to separately calculate the occupied CE resources.

In HSUPA, it is necessary to separately calculate the occupied CE resources. The DCH bears signaling. The E-DPDCH bears uplink service data and is equivalent to the HS-PDSCH in HSDPA, and the E-DPCCH bears demodulation associated signaling and is equivalent to the HS-SCCH in HSDPA.

CEs occupied by the corresponding transmission rate

R99 adopts the equivalent CE number. Different bearing rates correspond to different numbers of occupied CEs.

The HSUPA transmission rate is variable and so is the coding efficiency. Different physical channel coding schemes occupy different average numbers of CEs.

Factors Affecting HSUPA Uplink Lub Dimensioning

Compared with R99/HSDPA, HSUPA Iub dimensioning shall consider the following factors:

Compared with HSDPA, HSUPA shall consider soft handover overheads.

Compared with R99/HSDPA, HSUPA shall consider changes of the E-DCH FP frame bearer.

HSUPA FP overheads
HSUPA Rate (kbps)FP Data Frame Utilization3280%6487%12891%38494%48094%

HSUPA Lub Dimensioning Uplink

The Iub bandwidth of HSUPA should consider the service data on HSUPA channels and the signaling on associated channels, as shown by the calculation formula on the right.

After HSUPA is introduced, no new control frame is added and the old calculation method is still used. It is necessary to consider the number of HSUPA associated channels.

Similar to HSDPA, HSUPA common measurement information will be added after HSUPA is introduced. The NCP traffic needs to further increase and possibly the NCP bandwidth needs to be increased, which shall depend on the specific product implementation.

(1 + Data service burst margin)

(1 + Soft handover overheads)

After HSUPA is introduced, the uplink Iub bandwidth

= ( Number of cell HSUPA users

HSUPA busy-hour throughput per user

/ 3600

/ FP data frame utilization of HSUPA

/ Data packet AAL2 utilization

/ ATM utilization

/ E1 utilization

+ 3.4 kbps

Number of concurrent HSUPA users

3.4k associated signaling activation ratio

/ FP data frame utilization of 3.4k associated signaling

/ Signaling packet AAL2 utilization

/ ATM utilization

/ E1 utilization)

HSUPA Lub Dimensioning Downlink

After HSUPA is introduced, the increased downlink Iub bandwidth =

Number of cell HSUPA users x Busy-hour HSUPA throughput per user 2.5% / 3600 / FP data frame utilization of HSDPA / Data packet AAL2 utilization / ATM utilization / E1 utilization (1 + Data service burst margin) (1 + Soft handover overheads)

After HSUPA is introduced, AGCH, RGCH and HICH are added in the downlink. They are physical channels and do not occupy Iub bandwidth.

Because it is necessary to feedback the TCP acknowledgement packet and RLC layer state packet in the downlink during uplink data transmission, we should consider the traffic of the two when the traffic of HSUPA is huge.

The traffic of TCP acknowledgement packets and RLC layer state packets is about 2% to 3% of HSUPA traffic. We may estimate it by 2.5%.

Comparison of Lub Dimensioning Between HSUPA and R99/HSDPA
HSUPA is similar to R99/HSDPA in Iub interface traffic dimensioning. The dimensioning includes traffic channel traffic dimensioning and common channel traffic dimensioning. The traffic channel traffic dimensioning method is similar to the capacity dimensioning method, that is, it uses KR+BE. HSPA common channel traffic dimensioning is the same as the original R99 algorithms. Compared with R99/HSDPA, HSUPA shall only consider changes of the E-DCH FP frame bearer. At present, the Iub bandwidth of HSUPA is estimated according to BE services.
Margin: Iub dimensioning margin considering the fact that AAL2 utilization may not be 100%;

Subscribers Subs. per NodeB

CS Traffic Voice Traffic CS data TrafficGoS Requirements

Common ChannelBandwidth

PS Traffic PS64 throughput PS128 throughput PS384 throughputPS retransmission

PS Iub Bandwidth

O&M Bandwidth

Signalling Bandwidth

Bandwidth for Traffic

+

+

HSPA Iub Bandwidth

HSPA Traffic

CS Iub Bandwidth

Iub Bandwidth

Input

Iub Dimensioning

Output

RND Tool Implementation CE and Lub Dimensioning

RND3.0 does not implement HSUPA CE dimensioning.

Input parameters and output results of HSUPA Iub bandwidth dimensioning.

m

BLER

-

1

)

b

1

(

%)

SHO

1

(

b)

(1

SHO%)

(1

N

Nce

+

+

+

+

+

=

N

UL Load

NoiseRise(dB)

Interference Curve

(

)

[

]

dB

Log

NoiseRise

UL

h

-

-

=

1

10

10

CS Traffic

Voice Traffic

CS data Traffic

GoS Requirements

CS Iub

Bandwidth

Iub

Bandwidth

InputIub Dimensioning

Output

PS Traffic

PS64 throughput

PS128 throughput

PS384 throughput

PS retransmission

Subscribers

Subs. per NodeB

Common Channel

Bandwidth

PS Iub

Bandwidth

O&M Bandwidth

Signalling

Bandwidth

Bandwidth

for Traffic

+

+

HSPA Iub

Bandwidth

HSPA Traffic

HSUPA

h

)

)

1

(

(

/

2

3

/

2

DPCCH

CQI

NSHO

SHO

SHO

SHO

CQI

HSDPA

CQI

P

CQI

P

T

ms

A

N

D

-

+

D

=

h

FRCi

i

FRC

FRCi

i

FRC

FRCi

FRCi

EcNo

EcNo

Rate

Rate

EcNo

EcNo

Rate

Rate

-

-

=

-

-

+

+

)

1

(

)

1

(

DCH

A

-

h

)

,

max(

,

,

HSUPA

DCH

A

HSDPA

DCH

A

-

-

h

h

DCH

E

-

h

DPCCH

HS

-

h

W

R

No

E

No

Ec

R

ed

b

R

ed

*

)

/

(

)

/

(

,

,

=

R

ed

c

ec

c

d

DPCCH

i

No

Ec

No

Ec

f

,

2

2

)

/

(

)

)

/

(

)

/

(

1

(

)

/

(

1

1

1

+

+

+

+

+

=

b

b

b

b

h

(

)

R

ed

c

ec

c

d

DPCCH

DCH

E

DCH

E

No

Eb

W

No

Ec

f

R

,

2

2

)

/

(

)

/

(

)

/

(

1

)

/

(

1

+

+

-

-

+

=

-

-

b

b

b

b

h

h

}

,

min{

max

ideal

R

R

R

=

=

=

=

ms

TTI

Mbps

ms

TTI

Mbps

R

ideal

2

,

74

.

5

10

,

2

Documents

234858095 HSUPA 5 Principles of HSUPA Link Budget and Network Estimation 20070329 a 1 0