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EMM 3602 Industrial ManagementDr. Faieza Abdul Aziz
INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT
EMM 3602 Industrial ManagementDr. Faieza Abdul Aziz
Learning Outcomes• Explain the functions of management• Explain the events that lead to the present
management concepts.
EMM 3602 Industrial ManagementDr. Faieza Abdul Aziz
MANAGEMENT..some definitions
• Management is the art of getting things done through people – M.P.Follet
• Process of planning, organising, leading and controlling the activities of employees in combination with other organisations’s sources to accomplish stated organisational objectives (Steers, 1985)
EMM 3602 Industrial ManagementDr. Faieza Abdul Aziz
• Henri Fayol (1916) – “To manage is to forecast and plan, to organise, to command, to coordinate and to control”
• What are the keywords for the term MANAGEMENT?
POLeC
EMM 3602 Industrial ManagementDr. Faieza Abdul Aziz
The Management Process
EMM 3602 Industrial ManagementDr. Faieza Abdul Aziz
• Management is the process of planning, organizing, leading and controlling the effort of organization members and of using all other organizational resources to achieve stated organizational goals – Stoner & Wanked
• Management is the attainment of organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner through planning, organizing, leading and controlling organizational resources
EMM 3602 Industrial ManagementDr. Faieza Abdul Aziz
The Functions of Management
• Management is the process of working with people and resources to accomplish organizational goals
• Good managers are both effective and efficient in this process
• Efficient means goals are achieved with minimal resources wasted
• Effective means that the organizational goals are achieved
EMM 3602 Industrial ManagementDr. Faieza Abdul Aziz
The Functions of Management
• What do managers do?–Plan–Organize–Lead–Control
EMM 3602 Industrial ManagementDr. Faieza Abdul Aziz
The Functions of Management
• Planning: Delivering Strategic Value– Systematically
making decisions about the goals and activities that an individual, group, work unit, or organization will pursue in the future
• Organizing: Building a Dynamic Organization– Assembling and
coordinating human, financial, physical, informational, and other resources needed to achieve goals
EMM 3602 Industrial ManagementDr. Faieza Abdul Aziz
The Functions of Management
• Leading: Mobilizing People– Stimulating
people to be high performers; includes motivating and communicating with employees, individually and in groups
• Controlling: Learning and Changing– Monitoring
performance and making needed changes
EMM 3602 Industrial ManagementDr. Faieza Abdul Aziz
Management Levels and Skills
• Three levels of management– Top-Level: these managers are responsible for the
overall management and effectiveness of the organization
– Middle-Level: these managers are located in the middle layers of the organizational hierarchy and report to top-level executives
– Frontline: lower-level managers who supervise the operational activities of the organization
EMM 3602 Industrial ManagementDr. Faieza Abdul Aziz
Management Levels and Skills (cont)
EMM 3602 Industrial ManagementDr. Faieza Abdul Aziz
Managerial Roles
EMM 3602 Industrial ManagementDr. Faieza Abdul Aziz
Managerial Roles
EMM 3602 Industrial ManagementDr. Faieza Abdul Aziz
Managerial Skills• Technical Skill: Ability to perform a
specialized task involving a particular method or process
• Conceptual and decisional skill: Skills pertaining to the ability to identify and resolve problems for the benefit of the organization and its members
• Interpersonal and Communication Skills: People skills; the ability to lead, motivate, and communicate effectively with others
EMM 3602 Industrial ManagementDr. Faieza Abdul Aziz
Interpersonal
• Figurehead – Performs symbolic duties of a legal or social nature
• Leader – builds relationships with subordinates and communicates with, motivates and coaches them
• Liaison – maintains outside contacts
EMM 3602 Industrial ManagementDr. Faieza Abdul Aziz
Informational
• Monitor – seeks internal and external information that can affect organisation
• Disseminator – transmits information internally
• Spokeperson – transmits information about organisation to outsiders
EMM 3602 Industrial ManagementDr. Faieza Abdul Aziz
Decisional
• Entrepreneur – Acts as initiator, designer and encourager of change and innovation
• Disturbance handler – takes corrective action when organisation faces difficulty
• Resource allocator – distributes resources of all types (funds, equipment, HR, time)
• Negotiator – Represents organisation in major negotiations
EMM 3602 Industrial ManagementDr. Faieza Abdul Aziz
Components of MANAGEMENT:
Common components:1. Objective – goals, aims, expectation 2. Organization – structure, set up, system3. Resources – man, machine, material,
money4. Functions – planning, organizing,
leading, controlling
EMM 3602 Industrial ManagementDr. Faieza Abdul Aziz
Industry/Industrial…..• Industry? The large scale production of
goods or of substances (uncountable)• Businesses that produce a particular type
of thing or provide a particular service – car/textile/travel/leisure/catering (countable)
• Industrial? relating to industry or people working in it
(Longman dictionary)
EMM 3602 Industrial ManagementDr. Faieza Abdul Aziz
Management Science Evolution
• Industrial revolution : England 1770 to 1800s• Some of the inventions: steam engine (1764),
spinning jenny (1770), chlorine bleaching (1785), screw cutting lathe(1797), Interchangeable production , Eli Whitney (1798) – parts of any assembly could be produced to so close a tolerance that they can be selected at random and assembled into a component
EMM 3602 Industrial ManagementDr. Faieza Abdul Aziz
Frederick W. Taylor (1856 – 1917)
• Important “guru” in Management• Worked as an engineer• Wrote a book based on his experience
“Principles of Scientific Management” in 1911.
• “Scientific Management” published in 1947 after his death.
EMM 3602 Industrial ManagementDr. Faieza Abdul Aziz
Principles of Scientific Management
• Mental revolution for both workers and management
• Management should accept some special responsibilities for planning, directing, and organising work
• Essential to separate planning of work from its execution so that each person will be able to work to his highest ability.
EMM 3602 Industrial ManagementDr. Faieza Abdul Aziz
Four new duties
• Must develop a science for each operation to replace opinion and rule of thumb
• Scientifically select and train, teach and develop the workers
• Cooperate with employees so that work to be done in accordance with the principle of science
• Transfer of responsibility from the workers to the management
EMM 3602 Industrial ManagementDr. Faieza Abdul Aziz
Other gurus…
• Henri Fayol’s Principles of Management (14 of them, such as division of work, authority, discipline…) (1841-1925)
• Wrote a book “General and Industrial Management”
• Frank and Lillian Gilbreth – improvement in bricklaying, Motion study, phsychological factors in management.
EMM 3602 Industrial ManagementDr. Faieza Abdul Aziz
• Adam Smith – “The Wealth of Nations” in 1776• Henry Gantt – system for scheduling, Gantt
Chart• Henry R Towne – “The Engineer as an
Economist” 1886.• Charles Babbage – “On the Economy of
Machinery and Manufacture” 1832• Charles Bedaux – concept of rating, system of
measurements and incentives to be used for production and cost control