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24 September 2003
Internet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal Communications
Ben Teitelbaum <[email protected]>
Dennis Baron <[email protected]>
Jeremy George <[email protected]>
www.internet2.edu“Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal Communications”—Fall VON 2003—Boston, MA
“Internet Who?”
Elevator Explanation• Internet2's mission is to develop and deploy advanced network
applications and technologies, accelerating the creation of tomorrow’s Internet
Who we really are• Membership organization of 200+ US research universities• Parent 501.3c (UCAID) has board of university presidents• Project supported by numerous partnerships (government, industry,
international)
Goals• Enable new generation of applications• Re-create leading edge R&E network capability• Transfer capability to global production internet
www.internet2.edu“Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal Communications”—Fall VON 2003—Boston, MA
Internet2 Focus Areas
Advanced Network Infrastructure• 10 GB Abilene backbone • Advanced regional networks • 100 MB
to the desktop • National fiber-optic facility
Middleware• Directories • Authentication • Authorization • Call routing
Engineering• Multicast • IPv6 • Measurement • Gigabit+ file transfer
Advanced Applications• Tele-immersion • Remote instrumentation • Distributed computation
• Virtual laboratories • Distributed learning • Digital video • VoIP • Integrated Communications
www.internet2.edu“Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal Communications”—Fall VON 2003—Boston, MA
Outline
Better Voice Through IP
A Look Back Over Our Shoulders
Connectivity is Key
What Internet2 Brings to the Table
Some Guiding Principles
New Internet2 Voice Activities
www.internet2.edu“Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal Communications”—Fall VON 2003—Boston, MA
The Opportunity
Voice is the primary means of real-time human communication
Has been and will be a “killer app” for a long time• Per-capita, daily US land-line use: 45 minutes• Per-capita, daily US wireless use: 16 minutes• Overall, per-capita minutes continue to grow
Not high bandwidth, but very high value per bit
Let’s make it better!
www.internet2.edu“Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal Communications”—Fall VON 2003—Boston, MA
Better Voice Through IP
VoIP opens many opportunities
Potential dimensions of improvement• Fidelity• Privacy• Addressing• Mobility• Integration with other media• Survivability • Presence
www.internet2.edu“Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal Communications”—Fall VON 2003—Boston, MA
So What Will the Future Look Like?
Although there are many potentially fruitful directions for voice…… we have no idea what the future holds!
Q: How can we nurture innovative new IP voice applications?
Before answering this question, it’s useful to consider the history of earlier communications technologies…
www.internet2.edu“Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal Communications”—Fall VON 2003—Boston, MA
Early History of the Telephone
For the first 30 years of the telephone, promoters struggled to identify the killer application that would promote its wide adoption by home owners and businesses. At first the telephone was promoted as a replacement for the telegraph, allowing businesses to send messages more easily and without an operator. Telephone promoters in the early years touted the telephone as a new service to broadcast news, concerts, church services, weather reports, etc. Industry journals publicized inventive uses of the telephone such as sales by telephone, consulting with doctors, ordering groceries over the telephone, listening to school lectures and even long distance Christian Science healing! The concept that someone would buy the telephone to chat was simply inconceivable at that time.
Bill St Arnaud’s summary ofC. Fischer’s book America Calling
www.internet2.edu“Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal Communications”—Fall VON 2003—Boston, MA
Other Earlier Communications Technologies
Email• The popularity of email was not foreseen by the ARPANET's
planners. Roberts had not included electronic mail in the original blueprint for the network. In fact, in 1967 he had called the ability to send messages between users “not an important motivation for a network of scientific computers” . . . . Why then was the popularity of email such a surprise? One answer is that it represented a radical shift in the ARPANET's identity and purpose. The rationale for building the network had focused on providing access to computers rather than to people.
J. Abbate, Inventing the Internet
Peer-to-peer file sharing• Again, not foreseen• Internet2 connectivity + directory services (Napster, etc.)
www.internet2.edu“Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal Communications”—Fall VON 2003—Boston, MA
And the Moral Is…
Business and technology leaders…• …have a poor track record of predicting how new communications technologies will be used
• …tend to underestimate social or seemingly “frivolous” uses of new technologies and overestimate the importance of content
Users are highly motivated to communicate with each other, if only they can connect
www.internet2.edu“Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal Communications”—Fall VON 2003—Boston, MA
Connectivity is Key!
Network connectivity• Can connections be established between communicating IP
addresses with high-performance and high-availability?
Application connectivity• Do devices and applications have good network connectivity?• Are there protocols and call routing infrastructure to establish
connections between communing applications?
User connectivity• Can I
reach you?
Address
Presence
Address
Presence
Application Connectivity
Network ConnectivityApp
lica
tion A
pplica
tion
(call and presence routing)
(high-performance, end-to-end IP transit)
Use
r Use
r
www.internet2.edu“Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal Communications”—Fall VON 2003—Boston, MA
What Internet2 Brings to the Table
Eager adopters• ~4 million students• Strong institutional commitments to advance IP communications and promote collaborative apps
Connectivity• Great networking connectivity
–High-bandwidth, low-loss, low-jitter –End-to-end transparency (few NATs)–IPv6 and multicast too!
• We are committed to advancing higher-level connectivity
26% of college students use IM (twice the rate of average Internet users)*
* The Internet Goes to College, Pew Internet and American Life Project report, Sept. 2002.
www.internet2.edu“Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal Communications”—Fall VON 2003—Boston, MA
Internet2 Voice: Guiding Principles
Voice Can Be Advanced• Many ways to make voice better
– fidelity, privacy, addressing, mobility, survivability, presence
• Internet2 VoIP is not about cheap phone calls!
Connectivity First, New Services Later• Innovation occurs at the edge, but requires connectivity• Good network connectivity not sufficient• Also need application-layer connectivity and (ultimately) user-layer connectivity
• We are looking for purple paths in the snow!
www.internet2.edu“Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal Communications”—Fall VON 2003—Boston, MA
Several New Internet2 Activities
SIP.edu• Leader: Dennis Baron <[email protected]>
Voice survivability• Leader: Chris Peabody <[email protected]>
Presence and Integrated Communications WG• Chair: Jeremy George <[email protected]>
www.internet2.edu“Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal Communications”—Fall VON 2003—Boston, MA
Better Voice Through IP: Addressing
Addressing• Users should not be burdened with device addresses, when it’s people they really care about
• Addresses should be mnemonic and empower enterprises to manage the identities of their users–sip:[email protected]
• It’s time to put E.164 phonenumbers behind us!
• A.G. Bell did not say: “+1-617-637-8562, come here. I need you!”
www.internet2.edu“Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal Communications”—Fall VON 2003—Boston, MA
SIP.edu
Goals• Grow SIP connectivity in Internet2• Increase value proposition for end-user SIP adoption• Promote convergence of voice and email identity• Low entry-cost means for campuses to...
–Provide a useful service–Get their feet wet with SIP
Means• Publishing “cookbook” with several alternative “recipes”• Obtaining corporate sponsorship and promotional pricing
www.internet2.edu“Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal Communications”—Fall VON 2003—Boston, MA
SIPProxy
DNSSIP-PBXGateway
PBX
INVITE (sip:[email protected])
INVITE(sip:[email protected])
DNS SRV query sip.udp.bigu.edu
telephoneNumberwhere mail=”bob”
PRI / CASbigu.edu
CampusDirectory
SIP User Agent
Bob's Phone
SIP.edu Architecture (Phase 1)
www.internet2.edu“Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal Communications”—Fall VON 2003—Boston, MA
DNS
INVITE (sip:[email protected])DNS SRV query
sip.udp.bigu.edu
bigu.edu
SIP User Agent
SIP.edu Architecture (Phase 2)
locationDB
If Bob has registered, ring his SIP phone; Else, call his extension through the PBX.
REGISTER(Contact: 207.75.164.131)
INVITE (sip:[email protected])
SIPProxy
SIPRegistrar
Bob's SIP Phone
www.internet2.edu“Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal Communications”—Fall VON 2003—Boston, MA
Better Voice Through IP: Survivability
Survivability• PSTN and Internet each have strengths and weaknesses• Internet allows for gradual degradation of voice quality, rather than
call blocking, which is what you want in an emergency• Combining VoIP and PSTN results in better voice survivability than
either architecture alone
PSTN Internet•Reliable QoS (once connected)
•Reliable hardware
•Impervious to DoS attack
•Network routes around failure
•Packet-level call multiplexing
•Adaptive, loss tolerant codecs
Strengths
•CO is single point of failure
•Local loop single point of failure
•Open to internal attack
•Mileage may vary (no QoS)
Weaknesses
www.internet2.edu“Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal Communications”—Fall VON 2003—Boston, MA
Voice Survivability
Broadsoft/PAETEC/Georgetown Trial • SIP-based voice disaster recovery trial• Emergency phones on GU campus• Redundant Broadworks server nodes• Redundant PAETEC gateways in separate COs
Voice survivability and disaster recovery is increasingly a big deal for Internet2 schools
• Other projects in this area are anticipated
www.internet2.edu“Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal Communications”—Fall VON 2003—Boston, MA
PaeTec
PSTN
Disaster Recovery Architecture
NoX
MAX
Texas A&M
Internet2
MassachusettsGateway
VirginiaGateway
DC SIPServers
Texas SIPServers
Disaster Recovery Phones PSTN Phones
SS7
www.internet2.edu“Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal Communications”—Fall VON 2003—Boston, MA
Better Voice Through IP: Presence
Presence• “Notification of events that facilitate communication” (Henning Schulzrinne)
–“On-line”, “Away”, “Idle”, “On phone”, “Out to lunch”, ...
• Back to the future–Remember: finger, write, who?–Presence restores the sense of community that existed on
timesharing systems
• Forward to the future–New standards for interoperability and scalability–User-controlled policies to provide custom views to watchers–Richer state semantics and automatic triggers
www.internet2.edu“Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal Communications”—Fall VON 2003—Boston, MA
Rich Presence
Automatic notification from many sources…
• Location beacons • Facial recognition systems• Phones• Calendar• …
Not all watchers are human• Software agents may watch
presence and route/initiate calls appropriately (e.g. below)
Watch and initiate a voice conference when everyone is available
www.internet2.edu“Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal Communications”—Fall VON 2003—Boston, MA
Presence as Glue
presence
text --------------------- image ------------------- voice
instant messaging
directories
calendaring
video
3G cellular
conferencing
soft/hard phones
voice mail
www.internet2.edu“Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal Communications”—Fall VON 2003—Boston, MA
Automated Location Services
Location Beacons – may be 802.11
irda
bluetooth
Report to a central server
May be published – via a web portal
or pushed to UE
www.internet2.edu“Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal Communications”—Fall VON 2003—Boston, MA
Presence and Integrated Communications
Newly chartered “PIC” working group
Focus• Presence• Automated Location Services• Integrated communications
First-year Deliverables• Rich Presence and Integrated Communications Demonstration (Internet2 Member Meeting, Fall 2003)
• Engineering and management-level tutorials (Spring 2004)
www.internet2.edu“Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal Communications”—Fall VON 2003—Boston, MA
Conclusions
Voice is the primary means of real time human communication
• There are many opportunities to make it better• Important not to bet on any one
Connectivity is key
Internet2 is growing this connectivity and “watching the paths in the snow”
www.internet2.edu“Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal Communications”—Fall VON 2003—Boston, MA
For More Information
Voice Over IP Working Group• http://voip.internet2.edu/
Presence and Integrated Communications WG • http://pic.internet2.edu/
Great SIP tutorial• http://www.iptel.org/sip/
Other sources• J. Abbate, Inventing the Internet, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1999.• C.S. Fischer, America Calling: A Social History of the Telephone to
1940, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1992.• A. Odlyzko, Content is Not King, First Monday, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2001.
www.internet2.edu