INTRODUCTION TO OIL INDUSTRY

History of Oil and Gas Industry

• The petroleum industry includes the global processes of exploration, Drilling, extraction, refining, transporting (often by oil tankers and pipelines), and marketing petroleum products,

• The largest volume products of the industry are fuel oil and gasoline (petrol).

History of crude oil

• Oil accounts for a large percentage of the world’s energy consumption, ranging from as low of 32% for Europe and Asia, up to a high of 53% for the Middle East.

The earliest known oil wells were drilled in China in 347 [AD]. These wells had depths of up to about 240 metres (790 ft) and were drilled using bits attached to bamboo poles.

First oil well drill

• Oil well drilling technology has evolved from the ancient spring pole to percussion cable-tools to the modern rotary rigs that can drill miles into the earth.

What is Petroleum

• The word petroleum comes from the Latin petra, meaning “rock,” and oleum, meaning “oil.• A thick, flammable, yellow-to-black mixture of

gaseous, liquid, and solid hydrocarbons that occurs naturally beneath the earth's surface, • can be separated into fractions including natural

gas, gasoline, naphtha, kerosene, fuel and lubricating oils, paraffin wax, and asphalt and is used as raw material for a wide variety of derivative products,

Petroleum

• Petroleum is formed by hydrocarbons (a hydrocarbon is a compound made up of carbon

and hydrogen)• Petroleum in its natural form when first collected

is usually named crude oil,• The term crude oil refers to oil in its "crude" or

unrefined state;

Origion of crude oil• The organic theory became the accepted theory

about the turn of the century as the oil and gas industry began to fully develop and geologists were exploring for new deposits,

• Simply stated, the organic theory holds that the carbon and hydrogen necessary for the formation of oil and gas were derived from early marine life forms living on the Earth during the geologic past

Origin of crude oil

• As these early life forms died, their remains were captured by the processes of erosion and sedimentation

Origion of Crude oil

• Successive layers of organic-rich mud and silt covered preceding layers of organic rich sediments and over time created layers on the sea floor rich in the fossil remains of previous life

Origin of crude oil

• Thermal maturation processes (decay, heat, pressure) slowly converted the organic matter into oil and gas.

Chemistry of Crude Oil

• Petroleum is a mixture of a very large number of different hydrocarbons; the most commonly found moleculeare alkanes (paraffins), cycloalkanes (naphthenic), aromatic hydrocarbons, or more complicated chemicals like asphaltenes