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26.4
Polymerization
Polymers from Monomers
Addition PolymersPolymers are giant molecules,
not small like the ones studied earlier in this chapterexamples are plastics
Polymer- large molecule formed by the covalent bonding of smaller molecules called monomers
Addition Polymers
An addition polymer forms when unsaturated monomers react to form a polymerethene will form polyethylene,
shown on page 795polyethylene is easy to clean,
chemically resistant- milk bottles, plastic wrap, refrigerator dishes
High Density Polyethylene
Addition PolymersPolypropylene is a stiffer polymer, used
in utensils and containersPolystyrene is formed from styrene
(phenylethene), and is a poor heat conductor (styrofoam ® Dow Chemical)molded coffee cups and picnic
coolers, insulates homesPolyvinyl chloride (PVC) used for pipes
in plumbing
Addition Polymers
Polytetrafluoroethene (PTFE, or teflon ® DuPont) is very resistant to heat and chemical corrosionfound on nonstick cookware; coating on bearings and bushings used in chemical reactors
Condensation Polymers
Condensation polymers are formed by the head-to-tail joining of monomer unitsusually accompanied by the loss of water from the reacting monomers, and forming water as a product
Condensation PolymersEx: polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
Dacron (® DuPont), Fortrel (® Wellman), Polyesters: permanent press clothing, tire cords
Sheets of polyester called Mylar (® DuPont), used as magnetic tape in tape recorders and computers, as well as balloons
Nylon: carpet, fishing line, hosiery
Condensation PolymersExamples:
aromatic rings form Nomex (® DuPont), which is a poor electrical conductor; makes parts for electrical fixtures; flame resistant clothing for race car drivers; flame resistant building materials
Kevlar (® DuPont): strong and flame resistant
Plastic container code system.
CODE MATERIALPERCENT OF
TOTAL
Polyethylene Terephthalate
(PET)20-30 percent
High Density Polyethylene 50-60 percent
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) 5-10 percent
Low Density Polyethylene 5-10 percent
Polypropylene 5-10 percent
Polystyrene 5-10 percent
All other resins 5-10 percent
What Do the Numbers Mean?
1 -- PETE (Polyethylene terephthalate)
•PET (or PETE) is used in the production of soft drink bottles, peanut butter jars... •PET can be recycled into fiberfill for sleeping bags, carpet fibers, rope, pillows...
What Do the Numbers Mean?
2 -- HDPE (High-density polyethylene)
•HDPE is found in milk jugs, butter tubs, detergent bottles, motor oil bottles... •HDPE can be recycled into flower pots, trash cans, traffic barrier cones, detergent bottles...
What Do the Numbers Mean?
3 -- V (Polyvinyl chloride)•PVC is used in shampoo bottles, cooking oil bottles, fast food service items... •PVC can be recycled into drainage and irrigation pipes...
What Do the Numbers Mean?
4 -- LDPE (Low-density polyethylene)
•LDPE is found in grocery bags, bread bags, shrink wrap, margarine tub tops... •LDPE can be recycled into new grocery bags...
What Do the Numbers Mean?
5 -- PP (Polypropylene)•PP is used in most yogurt containers, straws, pancake syrup bottles, bottle caps.... •PP can be recycled into plastic lumber, car battery cases, manhole steps...
What Do the Numbers Mean?
6 -- PS (Polystyrene)•PS is found in disposable hot cups, packaging materials (peanuts), and meat trays... •PS can be recycled into plastic lumber, cassette tape boxes, flower pots...
What Do the Numbers Mean?
7 -- Other•This is usually a mixture of various plastics, like squeeze ketchup bottles, "microwaveable" dishes...
Timeline of Plastics
1862 – First man-made plastic
1866 – Celluloid makes it’s debut
1891 – Rayon is discovered
1907 – Bakelite is invented
1913 – Cellophane causes the plastics craze
Timeline of Plastics
1926 – PVC is invented
1933 – Polyethylene is discovered
1933 – Saran makes it’s debut
1938 – Teflon is discovered
1939 – Nylon stockings hit market
1957 – Here comes velcro