2.8 – RULING IN HER OWN RIGHT

“HIS MAJESTY”

ON THE PREVIOUS LESSON , WE LEARNT THAT……. Pharaoh- leader or ruler of

ancient Egypt. Pharaohs often chose marriage

partners among their sisters, half sisters or other female relatives.

Pharaohs came to power by succession;passed the right to rule Egypt to his son.

Some women ruled Egypt only because they inherited power as a wife , sister or mother of a pharaoh.

IF YOU WERE THE WIFE OF A PHARAOH…. You are the “Queen of Egypt”!!

You are the “Great Royal Wife”!!

Be treated as a D-I-E-T-Y. !!

WHAT IS DIETY ? It is a God or Goddess

BUT..can a WOMAN become a pharaoh- “inher own right”…without her husband?...

LETS MEET ….HATSHEPSUT

Her name means Foremost of Noble Ladies

HATSHEPSUT’S FAMILY TREE.

WHO WAS SHE …. Pharaoh after the death of her Half

brother and Husband, (Thutmose-II) Role was a regent until her step son was

old enough to rule (Thutmose)-III Crowned herself as a ruler. Dressed like a male pharaoh –beard and

cobra goddess on her crown. Gave the impression she was daughter

of the God Amun.(2.8.2) Expected to be called “His Majesty”

WHAT WAS HER IMAGE ..FROM THE PAINTINGS ON THE WALL .. Child of Amun Re (2.8.2)

Pharaoh or sphinx trampling her enemies.

Organiser of great buildings over Egypt.

Historians believed these were most evident during the time of her reign because these were decorated on the walls of her temple.

SOME OF THE THINGS SHE DID WERE…

Peace and prosperity for Egyptians due to the fighting before her reign.

Managed Egypt’s finances well.

Encouraged building/infrastructure especially temples that was damaged by invasion of Hykos.

Extensions to the temple to the God Amun at Karnak.

HER MOST IMPORTANT ACHIEVEMENT WAS…. Encourage trade with other areas of

Africa. During 1/3 of her reign , she began

sending trading expedition to Punt . ( East coast of Africa , now near Somalia), sailing through the Red Sea.

These pictures are from the paintings on the wall of Hatshepsuts temple located at the foot of the cliff- DIER-EL-BAHRI . It refers to the trade expedition.

HATSHEPSUTS temple at DIER –EL-BAHRI

WHAT DID THEY TRADE… Egyptians traded rings and beads for FRAGRANCES

like MYRRH, IVORY, GOLD, EBONY and FORMS OF EYE COSMETICS.

Ivory

MyrrhEbony

The traders also brought back apes, grey hounds , monkeys, leopard skin and slaves.

HOW DID IT ALL END ?...TRAGEDY.. After about 20 years of ruling, her stepson

(Thutmose III) managed to overthrow her.

Thutmose III also ordered men to remove and replace Hatshepsut’s name in all the places it had been honored and replace it with Thutmose I (Hatshepsut’s father) or Thutmose II

For example: At the temple, an inscription referring to a female had Thutmose II inserted into it.

A statue of Hatshepsut at the shrine was replaced by Thutmose II.

THUTMOSE III- A BRIEF LOOK…

He increased the size of Egyptian army in readiness for a period of more military action.

TUTHMOSIS I ERA

1504 BC - Tuthmosis I comes to powerTuthmosis I becomes pharaoh despite a lack of royal blood - he's the husband to Ahmose I's daughter.

1503 BC - Tuthmosis I's military campaignsTuthmosis I marks his reign with a series of military campaigns. He pushes back Nubia in the south and challenges the Mitanni in the east.

1503-1492 BC - Restoration of Great Temple strengthens priests' powerTuthmosis I orders the restoration of the Great Temple dedicated to Amen. This gives the priests even more power.

TUTHMOSIS II ERA

1492 BC - Tuthmosis II enthronedAlthough he is just the third eldest son, born to a minor wife, Tuthmosis II succeeds the throne. To strengthen his position, he marries his half-sister Hatshepsut (the eldest daughter of Tuthmosis I and Queen Ahmose).

ca. 1492-1479 - Tuthmosis II's military campaignsDespite his poor health, the king leads successful military campaigns in Syria and Nubia.

HATSHEPSUT ERA

1479 BC - Hatshepsut seizes power Tuthmosis II's young and only surviving son becomes pharaoh. But in 1473 BC, his stepmother and co-regent, Queen Hatshepsut, takes the throne.

Ca 1479-1458 BC - Hatshepsut's trip to PuntHapshepsut organizes a hugely successful trade trip to Punt. A vast collection of exotica is brought back.

Ca 1479-1458 BC - Monuments createdHatshepsut orders the carving of obelisks, the defining monument of the New Kingdom. She also orders the construction of a mortuary temple in Deir el-Bahari