..

;. """., • ",' !,'...,,~. ........". - ;.

DEClJONGTUYEN TRuYEN KY NI¥M 200 NAM NGA..V SINH PH.ANG-GHEN

(28/11/1820 - 28/1112020)

I. CUQe dOlva S\I' nghi~p eiia Ph.Ang-gben

. Pho-ri-do-rioh Aug-ghen (Friedrich Engels) lama ly Ju~ chinh tri, 130mQt triSt giaVa nlia khoa hoc ngirci Buc the leY 19, nguOi cung voi Cac Mac (KarlMarx) da sang l~p hQCthuYSt Mac - hoc thuYSt khoa hoc, each mang cua giai cdpcong man va man dan lao aQng tren thS gioi. .

. PhC1~ri~do-dch>Ang-ghen sinh ngay28/U11820 a thanb ph8 Ba-re-men tinhRanh, Vuong quBc PhB Cngay nayla nnoc Duc) trong tneSt gia dirih la>chil xirongd~t. Nam 14 tu5i, Ph.Ang-ghen hoctai thanh ph8 Ba-re-men va d8: SOm bQc 19nang khi8u vS ngoai ngfr. Thang 1011834, Ph.Ang-ghen chuy8n sang hoc Utnrcngtrung hoc En-bec-phen-do, tnQt tn!Ongt81 nhAt 6 Ph6thai bAy gio-,Nam 1837,Ph.Ang-ghen bUQcphal roi bo tnrong trung hoc khLchua fat. Aghi~P4B 9&td~u cong'" b'''' b" ""V' x_ h' ··th ,..'). .• 'b't_ T' th··,,·, •..... ·,"'On" '.' "h" ,VlyC lion' an 0 . CI.l1·Pong eo yeu cau cua. o~ rong 0'1 gtan nay; > g't\l' 9C cae

nganb su;hQc, t,riSthQc, van hQc, ngon ngii va tho ca.1bang 6/1838, Ph.A,ng-ghen dSnlam vi~ct¢ Van phong thuong m~i.Ctthrum ph8 .cang.Ba-ra-,men, thanh ph5 cang 160buonban v61 nhiSu om trenth8 gi61. T~ day Ph;Ang ..ghen dUCla rna tQl1g tfun hiBubiSt vS ne,n van hQc va ban chi ntr6c ngoai Cling nhu tac <.1Qngc1!tacUQc each m~g. d,an·oli.t\tj.r>s~·da.chil1 Inu6i}JBuc h61·bdy gia vab1ifllh·dia~'d6,di1;!P-ucdAy¥i~c. hlnh thanh cac quan aiBtn dan chu·- each m~g' (}Ph.&g;..ghen,.. .

·euai·n8m 1839j:Ph.Ang~ghenb~ttay vaonghiencUu cactac pMnicUaHe ..ghen,chlrih thuc khong tra thanh thuang gia nhu y muan cua bBma hlB~thful cho In9t S\Inghi~p khac .cao ca han.

Thang 9/1841, Ph.A.ng",ghe1?-.dSnBec ..lin va gia nh~pbiph,doan phao binh.T~i day dUQ'chu§n luy~n quan s\l~>d6 hi aiSu rAt can thiSt, song Ph.A.ng-ghen vdnlui t61 truOng B~ihQCTang hqp Bec,..lin nghe cac bai gUmg triBt hQc, tham gia hQithao vS1ich suton giao.

Mila xuau 1842, Ph.Aug-ghen b~t d~u cQng tac val to Rheinische Zeitung. (Nh~t baotinhRanh). Ttong nhling.baibao in nam 1842, Ph.Ang-ghena8:len tiSngphankhaogchS dQ ki~m duy~t cu.a'~hinh phu Vuong quac PhA, tr~t ty:phortgldSp

'. i)'dj)uc. Ngay 8/1011842, Ph.Ang.,.gh~mman h~'phl,lc vv trQngqwm dQiva tClBec~Iintra vB Ba-ro-men, MQt' thang sau" Ph.Ang-ghen sang Anh th\IC t~p buon ban. TrenaUOng sang Anh, Ph.A.ng-ghen ati tham' trv so to bao Rheinische Zeitung a Kolnva da g~p C.Mac, Tang bient?p to bao. Ph.Ang-ghen da (1 hidAnh trong 02 nam.TrQng tho.'Lgian tit thang 9/1844 .,.thaog 3/1845, Ph.~g-ghen .aii viSt cu&n ~ach"Tinh ccmhgiai cap cong nhan Anh" va nhiSubai bao khac d8 phan tfch ro S\I phauchia xa hQi thanh 03 giai cdp co blm (giai ~dp quy lQc chiSm hliu ru¢ng <tAt, giaicAp tu san congnghi~p va giaj cdp vo san) va didSn kSt lu?n "tl~ng sau CU9t tldu

2

. -.:,', .' : ~tranh cua cpe i/lang ph4i an giau cYQc 4Ciu tranh ella qac giai cap" '.Nhil'ng. namthang a Anh, Ph,Ang ..ghen chua hoan toan doan tuy~t vOi quan di8m cua phaiHeghen tre,"nhUllg l~i co y nghla q:t:tyetdinhtrQngNi~c,dut ldloat tU bonhfrng quandi!m duy ~ ciS tr<'1 thanh nhA duy v'~t.Thaog 211844, tham gia viet bili cho til tapchi Nien gi~ Phip - .E)ue,c,ac'bat ban cua Ph.An.g~g1:lende c~p d8n vi~e ap dungphuong ph4p bi~n chung vao vi~c phan tich cae quail h~ ki.rih t~cua xa.hQi tu san.

' ..I-' .. ",.- -If'" - .' ' " '. • ,- '-'

Thang 211845, cuon sach "Gia tfznh Than thanh" eua e.Mae va Ph.Ang-ghenra doi, dll pll:epharr manh me chu nghia duy tam va phuong phap .eua,no, neu lu~diem v8 vruxtro quy~tdiIlh efta qufut chUng llha.n.qan tropgJleh su, Trong hai nam1845 _ 1846, C.Mac v~Ph.Ang-gli~n coog hgp sue viet'con~ tflrill nAi ti8ng "H? tutUQng Due;"', phe phan .m~ me ehu nghia duy t!ln cua<Heghell 'va phai H~ghentre.; d6ngt!l5i, phe.phan ehti ngllladuy¥~tkhQlig.riblt guan,cua~'Lut-vlch'Phoi-C1-h~e"neu rd~birCfng111~di~rn co ban eila chti nghia duyv~t,bi~nch(mgva.chu nghiaduy vft Ijeli SUo Nam1848, f)~ hQi II Lien <toao nhihlg IlgUai wnll sao cia uynhiem c;Mic va Ph;Ang-ghen Cung :\1i8t"Tuyenngorrcua r/ang cQ~gsan" ..do 1aCuang 1~ cach ni~g aAu tien eua' giai c~p va san the' giai, la ng9n du8c soi

. ..} . . ,. .. . ; . '.. . . " .. " . .. :". . . . . , " '.' .

dUOngchot giai cap vo san va cae dan tQc bi ap buc vilng len dau tranh pha bo.xiSng xicn'va I1\Qi s\l ap hUe, bAt cong trong xihQi t)lbano .

Nil.. Mil, tro\lZ(tjlbi gj~ ~~Il:g~ Pa"rj, 'Ph,~g'J~t!~ilquaJi t~ uhlSudeehO\lt~ng ,~,'IiBart Gh~P h8nh"<t~ ~~~~~n d?ah'IiliJ1!!1$9n~6i eQ~g'saoYatrl1th8$ Uy t~en eua BanJ§nh d,~ovAJa mQttrong nhfrng laDh d~o Call1~c h9 congnhan Due fthang 311848) do Ban Chip hanh Tl1lt1guong Lien dam nhfmg nguai

~ . '

c9ng sanl~p ra. ..'Thap.g 3/1848, eung voi C.Mac, Ph.Ang-ghen thao·ra '~Nhirngy~'tlstich aua

Dang CQrlg s4n Duc" duQ'cBan ChAphanh Trung uong Lien doan MUng nguOicQngsan tliong qua nhu la van ki~n co tinh chAtcuang linh cho hanh dQng cua giai.cApvo san puc, .

Th4ng 4/1848 Ph.Aug-ghen eung vai C.Mae trb vS Bue tham gia eUQeeachm~g Buc;' thang 10/1848, di Bi d~'tranh l~nh troy nll eua ehfnh quy8n Pha nhungdo khong 'duQ'cphep eu tro ehinh trt nen Ph;Ang-ghen l~i den Pa"ri; sau d6 sangTh\lY 81' thfu~'gil:}D~fthQi cae liep doan cong ohan Dug va dllQ'c'b'du vactUy banTrung uang cua tb "nu¢ nay 0 • . >. .

Tharrg Gieng .nam 1849, Ph.Ang-glien trb v8 Bue ti~p 1\1eho~t d9ng eachm:;mg. K.hi eUQGdAu tranh bUng 08 (1 Tay va Nanl nuqc flue (th{mg 5/1849),Ph.Aug.s4en 00,v~chra mQt k& ho~ch'hQSttd{mgquan sl,t; thannl~p qllan dQieachm:;mgtien'-hanh CUQC kh6'i nghia. Ngay 10/5/1849, Ph.Ang-ghen den Elberfeld vaduqc b8 SUAg vao, Ban Quan s\l', twc tiep lanh d~o vi~c",tay dvng ~ong S\I, trongcoi tAt ell c,\c chien :luy trong tb.a:nh ph6, d6ng thai 1dem nlii~m ph\! trach phao

3

\ .

binh. .Sau CUQC khoi nghia a Tay - Nam mroc Duc, Ph.Ang-ghen dira ta mQt k8hoach da: suy nghi Icy d8 tri8n khai cuoc dau tranh each mang va day len thanhphong trao toan mrcc Dtrc. Trong thoi leY nay, Ph,.Ang-ghentham.giatn,Ic ti@p04tr~ danh Ion, trong d6 co tr~ Rastatt, mQttr~ co y nghla d~c bi~t to Ian; saum\y,da-viSt"Lu~n.vanquans~'n6i tiSng thShi~nkha nangthlen·Uti·quan S\f cua Ong,

Thang 11/1849, Ph,Ang-ghen dSn Luau Bon (Anh) va ,duQCb8 sung vaoBan ChAphanh Trung irong Lien doan nhtrng nguoi 'cQngsan m~ C.Mac da:cai t6

, --I__ ' ,..sau khiden day. Ph.Ang-ghen s6ngb Luau Bon mQtnatn, trong thoi.gian n~y"Ongaa:viSthal tao phfun "Cacnm(;mg vaphan cdchimang qI)uc'~v~ '~CttQcchi€n tranhnang dan 0 £)uc".

Thang 1·1I1850,.Ph.Ang-ghenbuQcphai chuySnd8nMan-che-:xtcY(Anh)va l~ib~t dAulwn vi~c aVan phong' thUQ11g·m~i.Di8u nay t~o di8u ki~n ehb :Ph,~g;.:ghenco thS giup do v8 v~t chat cho C.Mlic ho~tdQng cach m~g. Ph.Ang-ghen d~c·hietchuy nghien elm cac man lcl).oahQc ttt nhien, quan sV, ehirlh sach qq5c t~..GungvOi C.Mae',Ph.Ang-ghen tham gia HUll d~oQu6ctS.CQng sanl. .

Thang 9/1870, Ph.A.rtg:-ghendSnLuau Don va dugc,dua vao rang HQiddngeua QuActt~CQngsanJ. Ph.Ang"'ghenkien tri ddu tranh ch611gJ?!,qllall dram cO'hQieua ;?haiPruaong, Latxan, Bacunin.

,..;.Naill .1871, Ph.Ang;.ghen tham gia vao wi~c.ta ¢htfc' Qhijn:;dicffvl5a9jV~,Congxii Pari, Trang thai gian nay, Ph.Aug-ghen da:viSt nlQl 'sa tae phAtn 'e6 gi_a tri lylu~, dijc bi~t la eu5n "Ch6ng Duy rinh" (1878), gop phfut ,to iOn cho vi~e hoanthi~nly lu~ eho ehu nghia Mac.

Sau khi C;Mae qua dbi (188B), Ph.Ang~ghen 1a:nguai lanh d~o te,o chllcnhimg ngu<;ritheo chu nghia xa hQi {J chau Au, ehuAnbicho in t~p2 va 3 cua be.'.TU'baxi'ma C.Mac chua kip hoanthanh. Ph.Aug-ghen vrSt rihi8utac phfunnAi ti~ng

. ,. , ., ,. '.

vao nhUng nam cuoi dbi, nhu: Nguon gac gia mnh; Ch€ at? ht h'il'uva Nha nubc,_ . - .' " -' , "

(1884), LU.t-VlchPhoi a bac va s¥' cao chung cila trieth9c co aien[)uc (1886),Bi,?n chUng tv nhien, Vein aJ nang danlJPhap ya Diic .(1894); d6ng thoi1i~p weHun c6 van va Ii nguai tanh d?o cua nh\i'ng nguai xa: hQi chlf.nghia chau Au.Ph;.Ang-ghen da:tiSn hanh CU9C; d§_~utranh khong khoan nhuqng chang chu nghia~cq'hQl :trong cac dang cong nhau, v~ch trail v~phS.'ph40 kith li~tnhfing khuyStdiSm eua cac dang -do, giup cac dang do co IDQtphuO'Ilghuang cach n:l?ngtrongcOllgtacoTac phfun "PhS phan d\f thao Cuang linh cua £)fmg xa:hQi dan chu nam1891", vi~t nam 1891, laomQt van. ki~n quan trQng cua Ph.A.ng~ghen d§.utranhch6ng chiInghia cO'hQi.

Ph.Aug-ghen mAt ngay 05 thang 8 nam 1895 a Luau Bon, tili hai sau doduQ'choa tang va thuy tang xu6ng biSn.

4

>,

> ,~~.~ I~' I

II. CONG LAO,CONGmEN Vi 1)*1CUA.Fa.ANG-OHENDOl vorcan NGHiA'CONG SAN VAPRONGTRAo CQN..G NHANonoc TE

1.Pb.Aug-ghen dil cung v6i C.Mac xay dyng, t,~lip nSn ding til' tll'9ngva hoan tbi~nlyluin cho hQc thlly~tc~ic,hm~ng .

Til sau cUQcg~p gO'C.Mac ham 1844, Ph.Anghen da tr(i tharm nguai ban,ngirci dBns'chf gb gili~an thiat cua ;C.Mac,xay d~p nen ffi§ttinh ban cam dQ~gva vi d~i nh~t cua c~c Uinhm. giai-cAp'cong nhan 'V~ nh§rt dan lao .dQng~Toan bQhoc thuy~t cu~O.,Ma~va>Ph,Ang-ghen 13:kSt qua cua q~atrinh nghiBn ow khoahoc rat nglife:nt tilo.v~Db. sQ, giai 4AP "uve iihi&lf v~.dbn8; tihBD.loili i1~tlao.K.~

,_._..__ .._~thira-rW.th!g:~4l!l1ctu-tlIbng~ti,t,d,»"nhAt~a-IQ.u~tlguOLd&t thSJ<y-XIx (triethocl)J1C, kinh ~ chinh tri Anhva chu ngbla xii 119i PMp) va tAngkkti!1,Ic tian trong

. thoi d~ mi#h. Ph.Ang·gjlen cling C:lVia¢dil sJir!~J~~ra 1ll9thQo tljuyat hlliln chinh,.cMt che v~:Chinll x:4>,1roJl{ld6.\itiIt khQa hQc thBng ~t vat tfnh *h Ill~g tri~de. C6ng lal;;vi <4i·c1kb:M~ev/t'l'h.Ang:ghen, d618:: ... ..• . ..... ..

_ Daribao, v~ va pbat tri8n t08t hQc duy v~t, sfu1g't~o ra>chl),nghia duy va.tbi~n chUng, eM ngb1~ duy y~t1jQ11sir, tll,Oni 1ll9t bUQc ng9~t\lful bful trQll&- triethQq, cung CApaho lQi!i nguo;. pi9t9,1.ch nhln 111m rn~;;IllQt vii khi s&c p!\na6 nhiothuc va car"t~o the gi6LChu l}ghia duy va,tlich su .ella. .Cftyiac1a tb3.I)1t qlla 'Vi d~icua tu tu611gkhoa .hQo, d~ phat wen ra titL~,quylua.t cUa.S:\T phat, tri~flxa h9J-va tfuhtatyell cu~l.tjchuyAll bi~!ltIthlnlt,tl:!a\'ldnht~.xilhQi j:l~Y:s~ hlnh ~'ldnh~ -xii hQi khac"cao hont ..' . . ..' .

!. ..; '." . ..... .".,_Daidl}'a<v;aokihh t,e chinhtri hQ,oco<di~Il'.t~(,lra. rnQthQc thuyetkinhte ,moi,

. '. . . ~ .. ' . . .

dem l~i ffiQtcUQccach ffi~g thgc S\I trQngJdnh te chinh tri hQc. V6ivi~c tim 'raquy 1ua,tgi4 tri th?ug du, C.:tvfacdii tim .ra.nhfrng phuong thuc 'b6c 1Q1tu 'ban ,chu.... . ,,"'",', . .''",'" ,.r ,.. .')... .~'" k k '.. .. •nghia, lu~ chung mQt each co 'can:cu khoa h90 ve Sl}'dH;t VOl1:g t~t yeu cua chunghia tu ban v~ s\l'thfulg 1Q1tAty8u eua 9hu nghia cQng san•.

_ Qua vi~c phan trch, mA x~ chu nghia tu ban; C.Mac va Pl);Ang.;ghen daphat hi~n fa nhftng quy lua,tv~ dgng va 'phat tri8n cua n6~treh co s6 d6 d\Ia vao s\l'phat tri8n eiia xii hQituang lai, chira h),cluQ'Ilgxa hQicQldWfnang tra thanh·nguQisang ~ d hQi 111m.la giai. c5.p cong nhan. do f)ang C9I!g san lanh ~. Gial c~cong ohan phai ti~nhanh ffiQtcUQCd!u tranh cach m~g, gian khAd~l~LdA chunghia tu ban. f)au tranh giarc~p l~ (lQng 1vcphat tri~heua xi hQi co giai c~p. Vi ., '.. ..... .. ..'. ,-+_. r ''-' ..' '. . " . 'va,y, chu nghta xa hQi 1l1ac~xtt~Fi:ch1inghia xii hQikhQah90, khac hin chl1n@ta xiihQikhong tuemg (J Phap tploc d6.

2~cang hi~n ella Ph•.Ang:ghen trong hQ.c thuy~t ghl.tri tbijng dU'- phafhi~n vi d~ithu- haici'ui hQc thuy~tMac' .

NhiIng. cang hi8n khoa hgc' cua Ph.kg-gben qua cac cong trlnh dftu 'tay: LU(1ckhao phe phan' khoa kinh tJ chinh' tri; Tinh canh giai cdp cong nhanAnh, cung nhiing bai viSt v8 kinh tS, chfuh tti, xii hQicua nuoc Anh 1110 b!y,gib da

5

bac bq nhilng quan diSm 1y Iu~ ton sung chS dQ tu hOu n6i chung, chS dQ sa htrutu san noi rieng, vaeh trAn bf m~t ciia chS dQ bee 1Qt,ap btrc, chS dQ canh tranhvochinh phu, nan khung hoang va thAtnghiep, nan bAn.cung doi khd, dia v] kinh tS _xa:hQi ciia giai c§p cong nhan trong xa: hQi nr ban. Tren co sa d\l' bao co tinh khoahQCva each mang mang ban chAt nhan van ·Sa.ll'S&q, :Ph.Ang..ghen troy tim nguyennhan sau xa cua nhtrng t~ nan Xa·hQi, nhilng n6i th6ilg khd cua giai. cAp congnhan: tl6 la' chi i19 sa hfiu tzrnhdntu san. Trong chS dQs6 hfru nay, I\l'c lUQ'Ilgsanxudt cong nghi~p da: phat triSn va ~o ra nhieu cua ccii nhung Hn~ giau .. ngheo,da~ khd do chinh tits\l thira thai de ra"J~i ngay cang tang len.

Vai nhOng phat hi~n Va nhUng tt! tuOng,.quan diem tbs hi~n trong cae congtr1nh nghien CUu ngay illthoi gian dAu cua Ph.Ang-ghen, ,nhu C.Mac nh~ xet, da:ggi rna va t~ocam h{mg cho C~Mac mQt huang nghien cUu mai, dUng d&n v~ xa:hQi tir ban, huang nghTen CUu chuy~n til triSt hQc va lu~t hQc ;sang nghien cUu kinhtS chinh tIi hc;>c. Tu do C.Mac da:phathi~n ra quy lu~tIdnh t8 ,cO'ban eUa chit nghiatu ban -quy lu~t gia tri th~g duo CUng vaLe.Map" Ph.Ang.,.gben'da'v~ch ro quatrinh phat, sirth, phat triSn cua phuO'D;gthue san xudt .tu bim chti Ii~a, neu len

. :I : , ...., , . _. _" ,

nhii.q.gm~t tien bQ'va v~ch ro nhllng khuyet t~t, mau thuan cua chu nghia ttl ban; titdo da: chi ra r~g, phuong thuc san xufit ttl ban chu nghia tAty8u se bi thay thS bOiphLt~~,,:tht~ san xuAt mal, cao hon, tiSn bQ han, do 18.phuangithuc ~anxufitcQngsan' cIiu'hghia. . ..... .... .

3 C I: h·~ _,.... :. .. Ph A"'· h t .... h't h....: ., ""h I·' h,. ong. len u~C sac cua ..... ng-g en rong Vl~C p a ',.l~n$tr m~n, ICsir toan th~ giOi cua giai c§p tong nhan - phaf hi~n vi (f~i flIi ba cua hQctbuy~tMae

Tu bo vj tri xuAt than cua m:inh, Ph.Ang~ghen da: Ian lQn;,g~ h6 vai phongtrao cong nhan, vOi tAm long trong th8nh vo h~ va l~ptmOng 'kien diflh;,vOi tri tu~thlen tai va S\l' man cam vS chfnh trt, Ph.Ang-ghen da:quan sat, cam nh~ tIVc tiSpnhu cAu buc thiSt cua mQt giai cAp bj ap buc, boc lQt n~g n8 nhftt'trong xa: hQi ttlban va phat hi~n ra l\Ic IUQUgxii hQi co vai tro chu d~o trong. cUQcdAu tranh nhfunxoa b6 ap buc,. ,boc lQt cua chu nghia ill ban, xay dgng chu n~ra cQng san _ do lagiai cAp·cong nhan. .

,if~l)ng :vpiC.Mac, Ph.Aug-ghen khong chi phaf'hi~l1. .r~sJ~::p,!~nhIjch su' cuagiru,q&P:"d6ti~~;bh§iI;,theoV.I.Lenin ~61a"diS~ trQng;yeu,'trong h9c thuySt Mac"."rna con gop phAn v~ch ra vai tro cua dQItiSn phong (chInh dang) ella giai cAp congnhan. Cung 'vai C.Mac, Ph.Ang-ghen Iuon Iuon g&n19 lu~ va thyc tien dAu tranhcua giai cAp cong nhan vua vai tu cach nhil bac hQc, v'U'avai tu each nguai thAycua. giai cAp cong nhan thS gi61.' Ph.Ang-ghen da: cang hiSn toan bQ nghj I\lc phithuemg, tri tu~ uyen bac va tnii tim n611,gnhi~t cua minh cho sg nghi~p cach ml;lngcua giai cAp cong nhan, S\l nghi~p xay d\ffig va cuag 08 cac dang cua giai cAp vo

6

san.V6i tin1l thAn each mang tri~t eta clla'chunghi~ M~c, Ph;}ulg~ghen net;11enmQt .'lu~ di8m uBi tiSng: "Chu nghia}{_a hQitir khi tre thanh khoa hoc, doi hoi phaidugo' d61 ru $u '18;mQt khoa hQc'!.:.Elinlgtretll~ptntCitlg:Ay,·Ph~Ang..ghen .d~.CllngC.Mac dAuttraoh kho·Ilg.m~t.m6Lkhuynh.·hu6ngphankho~.b.Qc.va khong tU6ngtrong phong. trao C,l5ngnhan, til chil nghia cQug san.,~Ong luang cua Val-to' ..rinh,chu nghia xihQi ti8u tu san cua.Pru;.oong., den chil ngliia VQ 'Chlnh phil eila Ba-cu­nin, tir chu ngma cila ngtroi. trong Dang xa hQi·dful chCtE>ll'c; chang lai c4c trao IU'Uphi vo san nhu chu nghla So-vanh,chunght~ cb'hQi '~htru"'khuynh.va/'ta" khuynh;, - ;,:' -', . - ., ,: . ,:' . ':.: . , ,,' - ': ,- ..'-:,: :::,.,::: - .' ,'.- " . . . :' ,', .chong lai rihih.lg khuyl1h huang caiJuang va. bi~t phai, .nhllng .am muu chia re

..phong trao cQng san va.co~g nhan quae t8; ...., . . ..... . . : _', ,- ". .- .

I.. .1.. .•. .., '.'/"'.,' """ ,.. t. .1..... .xCong,hlen ~lla,.Ph;Ang-ghen .dOl vCYl.phQngtr~o ,?ong'Man quoc.te. dugc .thebi~n sinh dong tho1J.g:·,qualOnrull.t~l1t~i: cu~ Q1l9~tt~Iv4 hQ~td9ng' trong phongtrao cong nHan q1,tac·t~."cho den t~ cuM dQi. ,:Sall khi ,QU5cj.fa I Agimg hQ~t 4Qng,.r6iQ96c.tel,n.radai;y~ 4ath6rtgnh~t.ph()ng.~a9<2op:g,M@'q}i~cte,·~c.bi~tla.S\l th6p.g .nfiAt tu tuOng cua phong .trao duQ'c l?h.Ang~gn.erl hat &ftc q~an tam. 011,gddu tranh n?~ me; !den quy8t cb.3ng.nhiiJ:lg:khuyrlh hUQng<ttr tuqp,g lmh hu&1g;xdu d:ell phqngtrao cong:nb.~,nhAtl~ d~utf@h.ch5Ilgchil n~a, caiJuangva· chunghia·vo.Clifnh phll; khiing dpiliVjtrl,.vaitro·quan·trQngcua.. chu.1J.~a·MactrongpEong trao,gong nhfur. '. . . ..... .' .. .. .•.•. .

.. "'Khi .~~ gia cc5ngJa.otoJ6n:c~a .Ph.AIlg:"ghertd6i.'lOi,phQrtg'ttao dAu tranhcach mWlgicila giai cAp.vo san tli8 gi6i, V~LLe-riinYiet~";5.au b~n oog la C~Mac,Ph.Ang-gh~i11a nha bae hQc va nguOi thAylail~c nh~tcua giai c~p vosan ,hi~nd~trong tom the gi6i van minh. Tu:ngay rna v?n IIi~Iihd~ginlteri C.Mae va~Ph.Ang-ghen thl sv nghl~p snat dbj cua hai nguoo. b~ly trlY thrum Sl,l.'righi~p ,chungcua hQ. Cho nen mu8n hiAu Ph.Ang~ghen 4a lam gLcho. giai cAp YO saoihi phAinh~ ro y ;n.ghia cila.hQe .thuy8tva ho~tdQng .eua C.Mac. ddi v6i s\t phat tri8n cua.phong trao cong nhan hi~nd~i".

4.P·hiA.ng-ghen bio v~,pbat tri~n.cbii ngbia Mac, gop phinJam ,cho chiinghia Mac::lu'on co ghi triJilioa hQC va cacb.m\lng . .

Cling nhu C..Mac, Ph.Ang:..ghen<khong bao gla coi ly Itl~ eua mlnh la hQcthuy8t hoan hao, da xong xuoi v~ bUQc mQi nguoi phai d~p khuon, sa.o chep, ma

••." l,·ir:f.·I:;" ~UQ~ .40i hoi phlri phat tri~n ly lu~ thon:g' qua nghien ctru thvc ti8n"tAng ket thlJc ._.: ,0;;, .: ' {ien."'oIig"kielf'quySt bac b6 nlimfg 'mml"toah gi~b '(fisu cila hQc ·thuy8t Mac, bi4a .,;_"'

hQCthuySt do thanh mQtm<1nhiing·cong thuc b~tbiSn; d~Ilgthqi. dAu tranh V01bAtCll ngum nao col thuOngS\l ti8nbQ eua khoahQc, cotthuongnhiing diSu ki~n vanhtfug nhu, cftu'xa h<)i'm6inay sinh. Khi tinh hinh thay dBiva.euQq sang th\1C ti8nd~t ra nhiing' vAn de mai, Ph.Artg~gh~n clting cam xem xetl~~ ngay,ca nhO;ng quandi~m Clla minh. Ph.kg-ghen thing. than thira nh~ s~i lAm .eua ·minh.va ·C.Mactrong thai Icy ba.o tap cach m~g {184~'- 1852)khinh~ dinhve tlnh hlnhthS giai,

"~ '_~!,.. '\ •

7

vB chu nghia nr ban, vB phirong phap, sach h1<;>'Ceach mang cua phong trao congnhan ... Ngay ca mQt sa nh?o dinh trong "Tuyen ngon aua Dang C(jng scm" sau nayda du<;>,cPh.Ang~ghen cung voi Mac thira nh~: neu duQ'Cviet lai thl cling cAn b8

' , Asung va yeu cau nhOng nguci cQng san "bat Cll CJ dau va ,bat Cllluc nao, vi~c apdung nhUng nguysn ly d6 phai tuy thea hoan canh Iich sir duqrrg thoi, va do ddykhong nen qua cau l~ vao nhiing hi~n phap each mang neu ra a cuBi chuang Il",

La tnQt nha ttl'ttlCmgquan str thien tru, Ph.Ang-ghen con la ngu&i co congd''''t A ~ ... di 'h.l. tri'A 'h' th J.. " .. ); ,.. A-'" A h'l.~ nen mong xay '. \lt1g va p i:1t en QC uyet macxlt ve qUan \JQl, Ve C lentranh, bao v~ thanh qua cach m~g. NhUng dong gop cua Ph,Ang-ghen trong lInhV\lCkhoa hQc, ngh~ thu~tquan S\l da gop phfut lam phong ph(1, sau sac hoo ill sanly Iu~ cua chu nghia Mac trong kho ·tang tri thue, van boa nhan lo~i, m9t Didu

. mvc vB S\l v~ d\lIlg.sang t~o chu nghYaduy y~t bi~n chUng,. chu nghia duy v~t 1jchsu vao nh~ thuc, giai thich mQt Iinh vgc d~c bi~t phirc ~p.1a chiBn' tranh va hoabinh, qu&n S\r va quBc phong, kh6'i nghta Vii trang va ddu. trallh: each m~g, xayd\Il1g..qu§n dgi each m~g va bao v~ T8 quBe.

ID. VA.NDVNG TUTUONG cUAPH.ANG;.GHENVA:O SVNGIII$PCACH MANG VIET NAM TRONG GIAI l)OAN HIENNAY.. - . '. .

Y?n s!\lllg sang ~o chu nghia Mac.;Lenin, trOllg do c6 rthihJ$ttr tuCmg thien' . •. Ph 't""gh n• . d' C"h" . h .). . h' Minh' ., . 1·...· ..,,' .. "1' A d ....tal cua. .i\1lg- en, Liang ta I.) .•..u tic Ho C I ..•..',,Sarlg,jlp' va:ren:,;luy~n a

hom thrum xudt sac nhi~m V\l giAlph6ng dan t9C, thang~4tTa qua'c{,dua cAl1uO'ctien len chu nghla xii hQi va hi~n nay dang lanh d~o cong: cUQcdei m6itoan di~nddtnuac. .

Tu duy bi~n chUng cua Ph.Aug~ghen vB phuong thuc Phat tri&n "rutngfut"cho thdy ro, nuac ta co diBu ki~n bo qua chB d9 ttl ban chu nghia dS tiSn len chunghYaxii h9i. V8 khach quan, truac het do chiIih Ia yeu t6 thoi d:~i.Con '<luang tienlen chu nghia xa hQi l:J nuac ta di8n ra trongthoi d~i ma nQi dun,g chu yeu cuan6 v§nla 81)'phat tri~n qua d:Qlen chu nghla xii hQi bo qua chB dQtlI .ban chu nghia, ruc la bequa vi~c xac l~p vi the thBng tri cua quan h~ san xu4t Va kiBn trUe thUQl1g~g ttl banchu nghia, nhung. tiSp thu, k8 thua nhiing thAnh t1!U ma nhan lo.¢ (fa d~t duQ'c duaichS dQ tu ban ehu nghYa, d~c bi~t vBkhoahQc va co~g ngh~ d:6phat tri8n nbanh Ivc

. IUy'1lg san xu~t;'?a,y 4lflJ.guBn kinh tS hi.~n dSli.1h\Ic t8 khach' quan nay vita d~t rathach thuc kli.o~g-Dho,vlra't{lo thoi cO'thu?OlQi cho sv ph4ttri~n etAt nuac. '. .

NhUng tu mang cua Ph.Aug-ghen v8 triBt hQc, kinh tS chinh tri, chu nghiaxa hQi khoa hQC... den nay vdn gift nguyen tiOOthOi s\!,va. co y nghYa quan trQngd6i vai cong cUQcd6i mai d:4tnuac ta, nhdt la trong vi~c nh~ thuc va lam sang toquy lu~t v~ dQng tdt ySu cua cach m~mgVi~t Nam, giup chUng ta nh~ thuc daydu hon vBmBi quan h~ gifta mvc tieu va phUong ti~n phattriSn n8n kinhts. Bangda.kh~ng 4inh: "san xu4t hang hoa khong d6i l~p voi chu righia xii hQi, mala thrum

8

nru phat tri~ cua p8n van minh!lbfin loai, tan'~ kh:\eh 'l,)lan, can thiEt cho congcuQe 'Xay d¢ig eM nglUa d hQiva ca kill chUrtghia ~MJ itaduc;YC~y dl,l11g".

Qua 35 nam d{,i moo ciAtIiU<1C cho thAy, dMmoo l~ yatl eau buc thi8t cua S\l. ngbi~ caeh'~g, I/).vk d8 coy uglUa sArtgcon.1'uy nhiSn. dbi moo ldlong pbRil~phu .dinh s;6l;t tron thanh t1J)l va each lamwac da)', rna liJ,. Wng dinh nhiIng gltnrae'kia hl~ dUng lam dUng,la~ bO nh~gl hleusa! lam sai, h* nhtmg gl truackia d(IDg nhimg nay khong con phu hgp, \li> sung nb.~. thuc moo va caehiam moo,. dap img yeu pAu thirc tien cUll each ~g. D{,i mOO,khllngphillia til: bO D1V:ctien eMnghTa xli hQi.ma la lam eha eM nghia)(i(, Mi dug': nl$l.tbUc d(mg $p, han; xayd\lllg hi~u qtIl.han. Qtlli trlnh nay lihang phru laxa r01 eM nghTa Mac - tatUn v;l,tutu6ng H6 GlII Minh, mil. lit nhQ.;i thUe dUng, v~ IiWlg s:jllg. t\IO va ph4t trien hQC

... thuyat, tu tuqug do, nfun vimg bim chffi,tkhoa, h<;>eva.~eh ~g cila n6, lAy dO !Il,mnSntang tu mlmgvil K:im chluat!l.cho Iilinh dQngcach'!lWl1!1'. dimgl)' l~ d6lam co.sa 'l1lllIltr<;>r\g.te ¢3nh giUlrth hinh, v411inh tIill.n 1)b1n. tMng vaO S\l 'th$t, danh gilldUng S\l ~ lily ao lam cq so xuatpbRt d5 ho~h 4jph. dUm;tg18i dB; nun, Trongeong CUQC(!l;im(!i ctftrnuac. elj.fu1gfa <1a nh® tb.(tc. sacg to han Sq m~ lich 8Ucua giai cAR c5ng nllan, tang cIi/r.Ilg vai \to tanh d¢ d~tIi1.l6ceua Dacg GQI).gsanVi~t Nat!l trangbBi earth llQi ~p quAe ~, xliy d\ll1!l n8n Jcinh te tbi ttq6ng diPhhllQ1)gxli~. chu nglUa; xlIy d\lllgABn dan e)Ju.>mhoi ()hU nglUa vOON)J3. ntr6'cphlip quy~~fclla dan; do dap va vLdan, hqoo".gdM ic!Mi: 4mn.glau, nu6c .,dan ch1i. eo\tg bling, van minh" .

. ~:. . .'1'Il!ni nhu&n tu !Uqug cliJ1nghla Map" :t:,eninpoi chung, cua J'lJ.,Ang·g!lenva con dubag di len eM nglUa 'X(ihQi, Dang ta dliv~ dl}!lg sang t~ovaa diall1d~C\l the eUaVi~tNam,trang CuO'ng Jirth xay dl,l11gd!t nUllc trang thlri.kY qua dQlwehu nglUa ,d hQi (bA. sung, pMt trian nrun 2QH}neu ro: "Xii h(5ixii Mi ehUnghir,lrna nhan d4n la xay d""g liz m($t :xli hQi: DOn gio.u, .nWe .mwth, dan ehil, cong

" .,.. _.' ' .. ' '. .,. c c' ."

biing. van minh; do rthan dan lam cM: co nen kinh Ie.phlzt trien cao d7fO tren Illc. , ., ,.. ..... . .

/U(!rlgsan iuat hi?n al(li va quan h? san xual lien b(i.phU h'!Pi co nen vlln holl lienliin. t16m do.Mn ..!fe dan I(i.c;con ngWi c6 cu(i.csJrlg dm no, h,t do. ht;Uthph!ic, cot1i~u ki~n pb4t trdn loan dien; t:<ic dan 16c Irong c(i.ng tf6ng Vi?1 Nam birth tfling.

. '" ,.' ,..,:,Mm.MI. toil tr(Jng va giup nhaU !).ilngpMt trien; CO NhiJ..' nu&cphtzp quyen :xli h(i.i+:ebW;;'gM~~ .~htin~~n, do nhim dan, v! .nha~'il,ar{fi!,,{!4ng C{ing san Iii"/, (/{I"jco quan Mhilu ngh! va. h'!P tile vat cae nwc tt'en lnt'gilYf";- Dang ta (Ia.tong ketth\lc lib! xlIy dVOgeM nghia xli .hQi,nl$1thue CUll Bang va eM nghia xli hQi va. .. ..' . .. ~

con dUOng di len chti nghia xa hQi ngay cang sang ra hem, tren C(1 sa do Bang .de fava timg buCtc bA sung, pM! tri8J;l4trOng 161da! moo tQan ~n Mtnuae. Kinh nghi~mva nhtlng \1i!i hlle duqc tich liiy <1S Dang ta timg buae hQlin thi~ 19 lu~ dM mOO,

.' p~at.trie~ciA~nube thea djnh hu6'ng xli hQi eM nghia. NhiYd6, nQi hIe eua dAtnuacva dan tQc da dUQ'chuy dQng·vao cae,mve tieu.phattriSn, cUng vOi cae ngu6nngo?i

, ., 9

hrc ngay cang duoc t?n dung, khai thac c6 hi~u qua, bao dam. ch~ S\l' nghiep 06im~.va xay dung chu nghia xa hqi cua Nhan dan Vi~t Nam di toi tbanglQ'i. Ngh] quyetDai hQi d~ biSu toan qu6c IAn tlnr XII, Bang ta khbg dinh: "Nhiing thanh f7!U toIan, co y I1ghia Itch su qua 30 nam d6i moi kh&ngdinhilufrngl6i d6i mdi eua Dangta Ia dung ddn, sang tao; con auirng alien .chu nghia xii hpi eua nude fa /aphu h9Pvaithuc liin cua Yi?tNam va xuthi phdt triJncua Ifch st(. Thanh4tUvanhiingkinhnghi?m, bat hoc due kit· tu thuc ti€n·tao tiJn dJ, nJrz·tangquan tr(JngdJ ddt nuac fa, , . ,tiep tuc dol mat vaphdt trien manh me trong nhcmgnam tm:'.

Co thS n6i, phuong .phap·lu~, phep·bi~n chUng cua chu nghta Mac - Leninn6i chung, tu duy bi~n chUng ciia Ph.Ang-ghen n6i riellg ta mQt he th3ng tri thuc

., , - -,' .

.quy hau, doi hoi can tiep t\lc duQ'c nghien Clru nghiem tuc de co them .ca sa khoahQc cho b6 sung, phat triSn. chit nghia xa hQikhoa 'hgc; 08ti8p 1\1c.d§y m~nht6ng

. ,f ". N' .' . " . "' ... '", , '.

ket tbgc tienva nghien cw brlu~, lam sang to hon: Iflu~llvBchu nghia xa hQi vacon dUOngoi len chil nghiaxa hQi a nu6c ta, g6pphAntich C\lC vao. cong cUQC )Cayd\rng va phat triSn d~t nu6c.~

BAN 111YENGlAD TRUNG IfONG .. - _'. ,. , " ,- ~