2.Alternative Source of Energy (Fuel Cells)

5/19/2018 2.Alternative Source of Energy (Fuel Cells)

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K.K.WAGH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, NASHIK

PAPER ON

FUEL CELLS

BY

1. SONALI PATIL (T.E MECHANICAL)

2. NITHIN SWAMY (T.E MECHANICAL)

E-MAIL:

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mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Where as the 19thcentury was the century of the steam engine of the 20th

century was the century of the internal combustion engine, it is likely that 21 st

century will be the century of the fuel cell. Fuel cells are now on the verge of

being introduced commercially, revolutionizing the way we resently roduce

ower. Fuel cells can use hydrogen as a fuel, offering the rosects of sulying of

world with clean, sustainable electrical ower.

!y definition fuel cell is an electrical cell, which unlike storage cells can

be continuously fed with a fuel so that the electrical ower outut is sustained

indefinitely. "t converts hydrogen, as hydrogen containing fuels, directly into

electrical energy lus heat through the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and

o#ygen into water. $lso fuel cells is direct conversion device hence not limited by

the rincile of cannot cycle as that of heat engine

$s fuel cells rovide many advantages such as high efficiency, silent

oeration, no smoke stock ollution this adds u to energy savings for the

consumer, energy security for country % cleaner environment.


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Fuel cells & direct conversion device or it is the electrochemical device in which

chemical energy is converted directly % efficiently into low voltage direct current

electrical energy. 'he rocess of energy conversion is electrolysis in reverse.(verall )eaction* 2+2gas- (2gas- // 2+2 ( nergy.

Fuel cells have many advantages over heat engines such as high efficiency,

virtually silent oeration % no ollutant emissions $s hydrogen being fuel-

because hydrogen % o#ygen are electrochemically converted into water. "n a fuel

cell, the fuel is o#idized, % resulting energy takes the form of electricity lus a

little heats.

Fuel cell harnesses the chemical energy of hydrogen % o#ygen to generate

electricity without conversion or ollution. 'he only by/roducts are ure water %

useful heat.

Fuel cells have otential to ower cars, trucks, % bases without emitting harmful

tailie emissions. "t may also rovide energy to factories % home without

creating smoke stock ollution.


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$ Fuel cell roduces electricity from the electrochemical reaction between

hydrogen from hydrogen containing fuel o#ygen from the airs. ike an internal

combustion engine. "t turns fuel into ower by doing something to the fuel tomake it release energy. 'he electrochemical reaction is reverse of what occurs

when electricity is used to roduce o#ygen % hydrogen. "n a conventional engine,

combustion occurs that is* the fuel burns in ling e#losions that ush the iston u

% down. When a fuel burns, it is being o#idized3. 'hat is, the fuel combines

with o#ygen % as a result roduces energy. "n a regular internet combustion

engine, this energy takes the form at heat and kinetic energy. "n a fuel cell, the

fuel is also e#cised but the resulting energy takes the form of electricity 4lus a

little heat-


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Fuel which is in gaseous form diffuses through the anode % is o#idized. 'his

releases electrons to the e#ternal circuit. (#idizer gas fuses through the cathode.

Where the electrons combing from the anode through the e#ternal circuit resultingo#idations roducts are carried away reduce it.

Fuel cell kees the fuel molecules from mi#ing with the o#idizer. 'ransfer of

electrons takes lace through the ath containing the load.


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+eart of fuel cell is stack3. 'his stack is actually made of many thin. Flat

5ells3 layered together Fuel cell refers only to the individual cells-. ach cell

roduces electricity % outut of actually cells is combined to ower the vehicle.ach cell contains several layers of different materials. 6ome layers hel start the

reaction that roduce. lectricity7 these are called catalysts. ach cell is sulied

with hydrogen from the fuel- % o#ygen whom the outside air-. 'he hydrogen

moves through the cell % encounters the first two catalyst layers. 'he catalyst

causes the hydrogen molecules to release electrons % rotons, creating the

electrical current. 'he rotons recreate through the electrolyte to the second

catalyst layer where they react with o#ygen to form water. (ther layers of

materials called biolar lates are design to hel to draw fuel % air into the cell %

to conduct electrical current through the cell.


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i- 8as battery is first fuel cal develoed in 1:9. "t consisted of latinum

electrodes laced in test tubes of hydrogen % o#ygen, immersed in a bath of

dilute sulhuric acid.ii- !acon fuel cell & "t is the first successful ractical fuel cell "t used as alkaline

electrolyte molten ;o+- instead of dilute sulharic acid

iii- Fuel calls for +$6$iv- $lkaline fuel cells for terrestrial alication.

v- 4< fuel cell & first 4olymer electrolyze membrance 4


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"n a 4< fuel cell, two half/cell reactions take lace simultaneously, an o#idation

losing of electrons- at the anode % reduction reaction gain of electrons- at thecathode. 'hese two reactions make u the total o#idation/reduction credo#

reaction the fuel cell, the formation of water from hydrogen % o#ygen gases.

$s in an electrolyster, the anode % cathode are searated by the electrolyte, which

allows ions to be transferred from one side to the other. 'he electrolyte in a 4

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2.Alternative Source of Energy (Fuel Cells)