30. FOUNDATIONS-CSIRO-Foundation Maintenance & Footing Perfo

8/13/2019 30. FOUNDATIONS-CSIRO-Foundation Maintenance & Footing Perfo

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Foundation Maintenanceand Footing Performance: sTt rgB! lc l i rgs an.ncl of tendo nrove lh is movement an be t lp, doNn. atefa or rot . i t ional he lundanrental a leoI novement n lru lclirqs can usually be related to onc or nroreprolrle ! n thc folrndftion sol lt is importnnt fo rthe honreowner o idontify the soil type ln order to ascerta inthe meas(resthat should De plrt in place n order toenstrre hat pro)lerrrs n the lorndation soil can be Prevented, hus protecting.cJ. nst ruiklinlj nrovemcntlh s BLrikllnlj cchnoloqy filc is dcsiljnecl o iclentilycauses ol so l.related ru ldinq niovemeDtand to sucjg-.stnrelhods l provent ion l rasu .n l crackng in buid nqs

A Homeowner's Guide

:$11rPg:T|f typesot sollr usully prs.nt undcrdr. roFoll ln ]rnd zoo.d dr.ii(ldxlil lrlUd,qs.an b,.sDllt nto tso.pproxtmatr 8lolBrqrdrul.r .nd .lay.Qult. r*t n, tbund.rloo-sll k. m,arur. ot .llltypes. h.8.n.rrl probl.mr dnctat d rvlrh$lk hNlrSqrrnll.r.onrrnt.F l xally c.o*d by 6odd Cl.y$lls.r. sbJ..t ror.rlnrlon .nd svrll/rhtnk pmblm!Cla$lic.almr td r AlveD rer cang{Der.lly . ob hloedb,.pdl.rtld toth.ldal audrorliy. ut rli.sr m soderlm.-\uDfllablpr.d 'l thereh dNbt. a gcotechrlcal.@rtshouldbe romnisnnrsl.As moltbulld'rF snpnnS m@mpntpmblans a.plmnd.d on.lryso,h. hen $ rr emrn.ft m.l.$,i).su rt solLra..ndlDg o dr..'nou.totsspll rDd dnlrl(i8p tfF.yerncrlpflFs,rfi vir,it'drs otw.rer.ditPftTn,' hhle [r]6v kT6bl .2.l inm AS 28?0. heRerld.Dtl.lS6b.nd Ftr*iDg C.n..Causes ot Movement

$ttl{Mt d$ io conru.ucttonThcre.r. rwotynesof snlcm.nt rhit o..ur ai a reiulr ot. lmmdlhr.s.mpmmt d.!rssl*n. bo,ldtnSh Urrtpl...d m lfllirun.!.tlonso'].n a r.$lt fti.o'np..non.t dr son undefthewelgh .t rir. stru.trr. 11l. .oh.ilv. qor)lty t clry soll mrigprer.q.l'ntfhk. bur8rrollrr (t. thllrrly s..d9 sollh su(4tlbh.. Conslrd.tlon sFti emrnr s a fibrur. o1 lil sn i..! nay iaLppl.cebeciureofthe e\tllslon ol molstur.tidn rhsoll or bpcaurpolrljcsoil:s ..l.t r*irii'*{ n lmal compFsnw tr she strpsres.Thhqtl usurly ritp plarqdurlng rhetlftr lN mofihs.np.consrluctloD,ut hasbe,.n nND roial.. m.'t yern ir )Th.r. p.ohlans ft rheprdl!...rtrh. bllld.r aoddrould b. r.ftcnlr*n .oNldcrotlon aspdrr.trh,. p..Dararlon f r. rlrc or.ondru.r,on. Bulld $ Te.lnrol.rSyi)1. g Tn tg) de.k wlthrhes

All $,& rie t'one io er6dr. butsandysoll sn.ru.!l.rly srettlblprob.lnSqigred aea! Evenclaywhh. snd .ompnDeDr t say lllior mtre.6n sdter tiftn .rddon.

Thh isoarutulorlya problen ftr claysolls- arurauoDle.tpsaboqllle $st'Elsld of rlF son hlrmuscs ri ro roe virruallyaI ot h-ih.arlnSNFclty. To tlBsM dp rep- n.l k rflFre.dbyrituhrlonb.c.!s etutted sd miy undcrgoa rcrlurrldr D volu'.eF.rr,.ularly mldrdi endlll tr heddlog rd hlrDdrnsdyfls.HM{d. thls usu.Il orcqs as mmpd,ar. trl.m?nr aDd houldndntly bp he nrovr'rc oldr.[under.!s.!orMr .'alxn8 mil ihdnlrS of rollAn .hys r..r to thc trpsenF ol$dF bt sl6lt ibslblnS ir. nakl'r8th. $n in(pde ln mlump (* i,bh bdd). The d.qr* oi lrri?aFvtnE mnn dFablt b.rwrn .littirot .lrys. as.tmr rlm dp8r.r.td..rear. dlrll{ dl? shrqu?.t drylnq dtc.oredrry tat $?rth.rp?rindi.B.raus.ot th. lN .btrdrrtlor .nd .xFrlrlon r!t.. thiiphcnm.ndr sl)l nor urlrlll be norl.e.bl. url.srh.ie drpDroldrS.d aliy n dry lFrlo.lr, usually tsekr nr mnitl\,d@tuxlln8m rh? iDd.d soll h.r..fenrfl.s.Thrswrrog 01$ll cnircs ao upwi.d td.e on rhc or*trgs .t lh?huldrDS.aDdsnnDllge n rt s shndd.? (har .k6 rwiy th.slfrofft neRlerl ry ifie tdotlnS io .?r.ld .q!t lbn um-

Thh phenm,arm n..unsh*r rlP tturxlrrlon snll do.r nnrhdpsltu.l?nrnr.nllt hrosumfftr|F w.lghtolrhetir.,rlng Th.r..r.tm m.JorDdrt nNfru.flnn .d!r.s. Slgnlt).ritlo.dln.r..s... Rdu. m ollarenl iuFon ot.hq srl un .l6 ns imrhg duc o.rmloo d.t..vnldr.. I'r.lr)' !oll. sheiilhjlup farrbc.ausd lry storaiion oti he soilrdJr..'rro r uDd6 r[P tiFtr']8.

GE\IERAL DEFINITIONSOF SITECI,ASIIES

A | \lo!. i 'o,l rn,' ,1"1. oes \lrh lltlp or In gr rr.l mflprnmr hlm InnldLts.hinS.rS I S"e l i y ' . - rhp ldr r r "s$ d , or l ] s ig l i & r r r l mmrnq i nrnmn.dLrprh i .B . rIl I lloddll.l} r.idlvF.lry ^r dlrnr4.rm).h frn eq'prlenc.moderat Br*Dd mdanflrrlidn morsrurplmnsprH I HJghl\'FilF dars tpr \vhirh nn.rFr rDr. hrghENnl mN.mrnrftftn'mlruF +dng.st I t { rqndt r r ' l r " t l i "s . hl i r cAn ps l .nc . .qr r 'np grdnd,ndrnpnr han,nor*uP lDnEAr

- { roP | l rnPddt .sP lS l ta$h l rh lndudpsnt i lo l r r tu .hxenr ] : yorsntor l@ssnds : landd ip :mincs l r rsdencc ico la l rs , .gs i ls iso l lssb je . tto ddrlotr r..tive sjta qbJ r.r to .bnorm.] moldlre cq ltims fislbxr\,iich.anDoitn.lastjed oth?nvjs


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lie* i.dsfirds drat arpallo$cd osns io rne vlcjDig.n ii,rtings.rn .6Np ,bundatim st m.m.'n in ti{o *i}a:. Roots hatgny lnderiootins may .cFas. in..csse.l'malslr. .1enl.g ufnvird pFsare on ixtlngs. Roots n tlF vicldtl ottootrngs vlt a bsdb'nuch olthe mokturp|n th. jddd.tldr en. catrllnSshnnkl8p rstrhriden.e

iUnevenn*s of MovementTh q?es of 8rdnd mm'n.Dt desrJbed bN,. usrlyor.uru.cve.ly throughfrt the buildiogirdndi t'on sjl. Smkm.nt du?to.msrrudlon tp.dsrobc o*pn hrcauv ot. DDhrnrg comtnrlon oftoundatlonsn prlfi to .od*ru.tlon.. D llerlDgmol{ure cmred ot firndatlmr sn prls to.orstrurtldr.N'lov,{n?nt ue n non .omtru.tlm .ius6 k usuallym*,. !mv.nsrnl.Er6lh.an unrlchlnpa r'm.l.g thar .flpFps r[p irw or cm.fttr ltF .ondhloni tirr hrar f'atlor by qodlnSsoll adJa.Qnto itootlng h.t ruN,n lhpsme dlrc.llo. ath. tlN.:j.tlbtlon or.).y lblndrun ion nrX o.c!r lvlreFsuMlmr rqlh.rctp a d.mtlDt m.kd \ler Fmd.lt.rn.lso d.!r shrF!.r .lreF15 .hurc. ni s.ter D.ar ootlnqs n.l.t ell- Th,sl.ad i to. sd.rer.d(ctlon tn rh,.srr.t{ih olth. soll whl.ft mry.F.relo..l dFdrLaon.l $.llln g.nd rlvtnk.g. ol.l.y soll.filn-tfie o.rlm.t r. tr|F bundlflg lnt rh.n gr.duatyqr.a.k lo tl* lDt?rl*.Tlx iw.lltngproccs$nll tuily hegnr d* uphn l Rr.?mpot(hebulldbg. ordlt|t{errh.f nd.{her.thrl..d,sUat. $r.llrDSgradlallyren.hqsn*lnhnff soU r.bcffptlon.onllnu.r. llr,nk.8e usorllybeSldrwlrmr|* $ni h?!t t! q...r.sr.

As tnc vpadrpr nartenrchingei ao.i the so,l b.grni rn dry our. thFe!t6n.l tmiings stll hrl)nt rfii.led- beSioni.gviththe rofatims$'lrer. h? ru.i .+'.ct r $rmgest TlrLrhs th. rl1pd ofldv.rlng th..xtrn.l imt,n8s.Th. dor q k...entual.d.d rr..*,n8 rpd!..rff dkap0parssneret mcuredbp.auF otdkhlrE. but othcr.r..ksop.n up. Illa rmf llDesmat bccome oovpx.Domlng 6nd dkhlnSaF irs aJti.r.d byrwa r,.r . oth6 ways.loitsas$lFic lvah. setsnn{sand conlprdry wlntpn rnvirl.rv.r.r n SnlloD ?ndr o be @ard rh. l end ro.l domlDgelll bea.c?nf!.r.d. wh.ft.5 r!h.r.rmm.rr aF dry dndvlfi.n.f.oldindsct, mlSrla,on.ntutobe tov.rd thr ert rlor.nd th.undprtylog npdrslry Is da.d dldtnS.M()HrMt .&Bd by tre rc.trln 8pn?ral. rNlng rmr-iwlll .rert .r upwrrd x.Nur. m tborlr8i$'l[r.a sll subJ.ct n drylngbe..uF dtr.corslrlb rodt sl]l rcndro rtmdpslll(,oit Lom und..lir.rtlrgr ty hr.i!.log. nlnkag..CMrpU..Uos c.trd by lh rtq.tur |tt.rMNt t*.* thit tlr. sD..ui.s to be.xcrr.d on stu!.tlr.s srpventr6l t... .hhrr un * doM. Hw*.r. be..ur,.th.s.iff..r..,.sldomsF.a.l *qty arnunddr. tixrtlngs..irt br.ur.llF bulldlDqrprirll undeD mNprneDtbRioscollfi nSldlry.tbr.a! r. ?xfl.idlrdn o.e pa..n ilF bundl|E ro dronrpr'I\p opt rerulrot allthesp1*c?! lr uflilly r.l3r,.tul Thk Fsh.i.for.. ohpr rompllf.rrs rtrdl.Sndds ..ios. rhc vlrlbl. sympr.m do not dmF)y .th.r lheorlSlna) iusp.A.dnhm iymptom li blndlDq fdoors.. rhqvEu.tl mPhb.r ot rc 1iame.Efi.ch m fdl nErmry ttrud(s&kks*k stl r?s,itdarktnSwhtr. ,t..n. ft w,ll dtremt to spdrareai harlos suppodbe.tus. ot*hnd.d touDdatlons r rals..,pol ! n ls rh.retoF !i!rl tospe rrcil.gat{eak pohrs.sochasop.nnrgr ir $4ndN's or dods.ln rhepvaa nt.oNrudto semcnFor. rackl.rgirllr suatlycmal.unchdrg{t aftef he pro.es ot stilement tEi ceasd.\tiih )o.slsher or eonoD-cr{tlogwll u$ally conrlnuc o developunrnih. dlgtml.tur. h.sb*o rmadlrd. or un ll .hE ubslddr..has omplrftt neurr.lkcddrpani.trd rmflon oltmrjn8 dndtxrstr!.ture hasstabDl*dm other oounSshat nrtuln elt,..rlve.li the cas otss.lr'shrlDk ?fi..rr. rh,.brlckwdrl.w,ll hrome.asejrptuh tolrs nlShal rnslildr atteremtlcdo. ot a cyrlp.hNcvpr ltls'ndr lrkEly lrafthe robrro.al enefr!vr)lnoi be am.ry ravptrpd.ard ll lr also ${l r.l |rirkwurl\ sll sFru. i itr ne\{pornlLr, n( iwll r$l* rlr,. or.ps rylr{ tn retlrn lt ro lir *l8ln.l Fdtldr. fhkm.ans hat r a.ai. $4rft .swellhg .kesplar..lt*.n^strudlonind ci..l(l08 ocrurs. rc neklrg lsllkelyro.tlpasi padly rmaln6tbr draslfrol. s.{mert oi.Ie ctcleh complrre.Thus. nrhtxnerh: -rrle s Ftpatpd. h: llk.lih.r,d jstl-at drF.ra.lirg vill bff.'n.wlderunrll the s.ilori otbn.k$dk hfromevlrtudlly ndependa1.Wf threpe. ted.yc l . s .n .e th . . r . . k ln8k .n$ l lshed- l l t herc lsdooth* .dnpl l..rl.D. lt lr ndrrul tor the n.ld.n...t.r.. 1i8 tostrbilk,., -5theb(tcin3 hst|f ellicul.iloi lt o...1! . -pe $rlrl!t lie proitm. Thh tst! no neff al$a)6 he.as.. hwever. and'mnitori'r8.n frafks 'r {als af.liotrsshorld alwa).be reatedUpheavil.ausd bI gronth of ree mis undp. oouDg.h not asrmph ldi.ar shear Frs The re s a eFlpn.l hr the rmt ro also*eft hteral1f.4 ihat.t emtr hseparatesectjftrs tbricr$orr(6ltei nhlal.ra.kiog hd o..uied.

Efiecls of Unsven Soil Movment on StrucuresEroJon ad nnr5donErNlon nhov6 dr?supnorr rom lndpr botligr. iardlDq o.rci t.xubsldeDcef iie rEd otthestrurturc uDd.rshl.h lr o..or.&l.kworkw.Is $'nl r.rltr rlre$rpss.ftatdl by r|nsFmdrl otrlptort by br,dSlnq hrg.n ff.inrlevennS lnrll rhebn.k. nr hamortarb.ddlDg iD. Ol der masoDryB\ llttl. ms,sf n...Evldenr.oflalluf v.rlps ccordlq ro .lromstan.es nd symptnfti mry ln.l!d.:. strp.r..Lll{ ln th. mdf'r }?ds hthebdly of rh.woll otrhve/bdN opmln8sruchar do*sor wjnddvs.. V.lrl..l rra.kriS lD hebn.l( (6u.ry tut mr nc.ps.rlly h lhcs4rh hevenl.al b*ts or p6Derds).lsolarcdtlc( .fiFred by roslon or satrhtlon ofiiund..rtors Nll)evenr!.llylNe.drt ctwl{t {re harcrsrhet upport .d m} rn. ortill *cr Th. tmrs rh.r hive losi hls slpporrstl tF.ome boon.!somerlmesafillnSorn:mft ts.ft .Sodon l ss6lrhS/ihJtr aS th chysw.llli8 tbund. n $ll dm ro r.lny F.nods ist llitr th. mNt?xpns?drremlrlesot rhe or*tl8 srsrem.h.n r he remilnder t rh.perlmeterm{rgs {hllc gr.d!.lly pennenunSNlde th. bll) dllEtddFr r . t td l r t l i t 6n : r t .o r r ' :F THssFer r log i6r ic rds io . rpate!dl{r eji*t. bp..use l* erer.al imil.gs a pushedhrSherhaD lreThe jFlooajceablesttnpromn?y re ftat h. tlmr app,rarsliShtlldislFd llns h olto ac.omparied y somedoorshirrlingoDthe! !oMor lhqdoo!h . . c . tog. rh4r l l rhsn . ra . l ( l . g rn .n^r . .mltrcs ln buil dln$!ulrh dnber tlorln8 snpod.d by b.ireri .ndjolsts. hc ioor caD e bouncl Extrnraly hen maX r vkrbledllno8 drdrP hlp or ndgPll.E.Asthe morsturebsantior rxmps .ompler.i trJounrey o thelDo{mNt areas i nrpb{lldlo8. hq nr.nralhounSswlll nF.lttft,.spread.t reLdur h rou8hl' e'ao.lt may b natrhe stmpim $.illtanFd'nt disppea( bur ii js rop llkelj rhatsplrlo8{nl be!r.ven. .rea nB a dlltFFn.F ^drerdran a dleppearaofp lsymptorft ln bulldll B! $1th{mb.r ilmrjog eppntedbybearcrsardJolstr.dre sol.tpdphrss'jl risemoreasil]. drandre$rjplborlng! or pl.B L.d.r $dlL!.r..ning.oti.eablp domirg otnoorjnA


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'1lF nonnalsrr!.rural mnq,.meot s hat he lnDer ,'af otnn.k$or l . n rhe. t t *na l t lo lk .nd. r lca i t$meor rhe lDrenra lva l ls(d.pdrdlngoD he rmt type) ompnsp h.load b..ilng srro.tur. on$hi.h rn' upp.r Uo*s-..lli'r8s arn dr. rool.r. sul|rorl.d l. dr*r.8es- t ls ntdodllyvldbl. d..klrg th.r drould b. th. m.ln tftrs.t anartldr- lb$*pr rh*. drc.iew damplB oldsrlllngs*hosedt h.l lcal.t m.snry pla'3$me suppddrg rol.. sothlsrhtuldbe.h..ked,lthdp lsany dtuhi lD .ny .rF. .ttpnrdllyvlslbl.d..klng,s lmport.d d!.8uld.to stres.sor thpsrru.rureE.n.r.ll':$d ltshtuld.kobe rflnemb.rpd hrr th. crrnr.l s..lls mustbe.npabhot tpnrtr8 rhPmsellrsFJtc.ts on fided $iaktrnEiTimb.r or st.pl1ilmed bllldlig..r.l.s l!ft.1y . plhlblt.rd.klngdoe oslall /shnrk th.n lnAronry utdtrgsbe.auF of tlr.lrUdlhtlty. Also. R domlDqrdlshlngtle.ll rnd tob.l6ver b..dseol thF lqht r rv.lqht ol \r.llr Th. m.to r!d(s o tr.rmd bulld lrgs.rcdr.ount.ftd b{due nt rh.,$l.l!.t pler mdnqs used oder\!.JIs\ryheFer*lm or s.turitlon.ause to.rtl|x to lall away.rrh.aDdoublerh?rnanwhlch. watl nusrbrdg?. lts iddlrldll sr.ss.indeitc ff..kln8lDwall ll|nn&s. flrlculanys,lren h.re k. N?aktht lD hestrurture.rus.d hy i dod nr wlnt onenlr8. t Is.lhwevtr. unllkely hath.med stru.tlres$4ll b. s srreRs,.ds lo sutt.r$nous damrg,.w rhoutUrsrexhlblrligsom. or ill rt rh,.ab*esynproms d d.onslderrbl,. .nod-Th. sam? .irtna p.rlod shooldiflply litlx r.r. aiunhr.Fl ltrhould bp nnr.d. hnpv{. rhitwheFir.med bllldlDAs r. sur|)mt d bt strlptoo rlngr h.m Ls ty nn.l.atoi h/l.l$,orl( nd rl*r.1brp he xtem.lly vlilb). s.lk rre h.rdpnolttrg slru.rur. o r rh.bulldldg. ln ftjs..s., dr. ubumrrtu$rry w.ll r.an be.xD,..tcd ob.hd. rs lll b.,.knn { walk.Eflctt on ! ct rens str!.nulsBcfu* the od bcarhrg tru.tureoi a brrcl veDc6burldloSh thqtiam.that makB up thp lntprlorhaiolthe extfnal srlls plustFrlsnsthe lnt.ndl walk. d.pcDdlnaon rhetJ,pe i.mt rhphllldtra.in bc extF.ted o beh.v,.as6 namedstrurtu.,.. x.ert th.rrhe.rte nil m.sdny wlll l,elsv,.lD a nmllar wdy o the ?t|*nal leatot a 1!ll m.roDrvsrrurtur?.Water Service and Drainage

\\ hcn . water ervrce lre. a scwer r $ormwat6 drar.i ge prrF rs ifipvlcliltX Lt i Dlrldhr8.a { er cat ran raus prdno.. slpllinSorialurtldr oisusccFlblpioll . Evar a ml.rurulc leal .iri bp {rouglrtor:turatp a clay ru.dauoD. AleitlnS.rp npa.5n!fthg c.r hNpthes.me ptnhcro addltldr. ren.hercdnlrdng plpercan bFo'rpsar.r..u esF.n rlnugh ba.tttlr.t. rr.tl.ul.rlX wher. ko*porubbl. k usd $ il tl. \l:atprdrit run r 6lonStheF .enchpr.anb.msltnstbl. tor sprlds prdlon. lntpntlrt. seFagc Dtosubtloorar. sPlpe e.liqra.d rr.o.h s.rF.1]Ns rl$ dr.orraSetrF.nd drlbroors othe stur.e d $atei. comoll.rrl|E..d *.c6barl.gnrPod rmlp)umbhrg.an rosuhlnlargcvoloms.n ralnqarp.ber.rgmncentared n asnal are! d 30il:. ln.orc.rtalls ln rmtSun.rlq miy r.slt ln d.ri&r,.s m.ygulfeFhltrk,.d slth l,.avP-i1. .

. Lorod.d 8utr.rln8or ddvnplpes 6n splll warer togrou.d.. lro.krpip.s.ot ptit!!p\ .onDe.ted to a FrDpprd.-nn.rafcr.ollp.nor sl$e,n {.ill djrprt a roo.poiration ofq.t{to sn ihat jsdjredi). adJacp.f o horings. sdret,mcs causrog arge $deprobhms$ch rserorioo. stlraiioo a.d mjg.atidr otrvarer unrler

Seriousness of CrackinglDgeoer.l.mosr.r..klDglou.dlnmdtuntshli! ir..os'neri.nulidn.. or\ drd .sn b. k.Dr h rep.lr or even 8.orcd ThF ':$lebald( k a ftrndud)M .t Trble C 1 of rS 2 870-{S 2870al$ Dobllsh*u8urcs el.rtrgto r.rklnq ln.on.rer.uooB.hNpvF becausewill.h.klDq NII usually ei.lr r,..nrkdl polnrnglrtl._aDtly arll.rth.D.rarkltx lD sl.bs, hk ri ble ls nd

:Preven:ion/Cure\{hde bulldingmNmc h..usd ht sata ervlcp- mlFlumbnrq.sd'cr ff donmlar{ ibllure. ne renedy s o repdt the aro6len.h k Oruddlt.hdv*r ro.on!,dFi.ko reroltln8 FlFB.wryridntl'r butdh8 wl'e'epNIble. anri,elo.'nrS rrF ln pL*iild\ sher..nyl6k.6. rvfll not dln.t wit{h draburldr'rSvlfrnrf}.Ev{r*h{e8dlj. fu.Fr rp preie.i rh*r ftsometlmcssull).lqnsptl to rrpi*p.rorlon or otlhtior. pi i.ularly o modtrn ir\fallafloos nngnnill.i di,'n:rer PVCftrurp-s. rrlpd. smpSullt, rr.Frarc ootslru.teddne.u! rDdFri[p tlPsrhat dc n]shllcd o.lDrgp tlFm.wrhihe r.tu)l rhat w.rFr rom .lr .rp miy enrer heb..l'i)lledtrdr.t th.rhoures trcxqer p,pl.& llfie treDch asbeeD oon}brkillled. r|f v.tpr \!ill pltheroord or uN,6loD8 thc nonom ofth. rrc..lr. A..hese ren.hrr uslilry rlD slo ngsldclrc notingsandci.be at aslmllrr.lepih. r )s nor had tosee ho* arry ller thar s.lr( dt*:ied n o i ncDch arreasilt llnct rlN ii)und loDi rnrlnt rosuppodimtlD&sor wen gaiopnrry othe subiloor rpa.

ln.llroltt dr{. k r. ..t!.lty t'orw.ter rn r vel d! llr. rrta...n.tb.lN lr. Jlrtir. w.r.r tldls..n bp.r*.bl,.lFd ht t$pp.rlo6 drrlng.M !tt.r he.q or prolong.d .ln. lr np.en.ry. g6r.d dr.lnry*.'ncdrn..r,.d otlr ltonnsht r .oll..tlon ryrtpm k ur0. y.n..s1h lr hm.*?( sdn?umps resery whm.tr.m|nl68 to pr.v.Drsht?r mlSr.rldl rhat stlnSb,...iil.d *tfo er*.blldr al..riblehpiSht ndsohiollw.icr udvi Tlts sb.je.r k rerarcdro h BTI 19and hay rrrnpe4 be r.{d?d ar aDare.tor !r ep?rt.d$!ltanr.Ptrlo.tld ol tho bqlldlnA pqlnrrorh 13.*nrlal to rem.mh"r rhatrhf eI tlnt ar i.h tmrrogs RrpDdi$eDbcyoo.ldle actralbundiDqllrp. !'Irlngot&1..Ln planrishrubi6nd p.s c.ures mc ot th? morr srlour w.i?r Dnbl.m.lff thh reMn, nartl.o].rlywh.r. Fobl.m erkl d .tr lllelytod.u.,lr k r.mnn.rded .hrr ,n .Dnr .t tbvlnqb. trt.lhdarounddi mlch ot the bul)dlngFrlmerr ar n..6s.ryThk rr.viiS

CTASSIfICATION OF OAifuI\GE I/!flTH RTTTNENCETO WA]ISD@tptlon of ttrrlcat draags dd rqul$d epalr AppNndbts oz.t $tdd

0Flne.rf;nss'hl.h do rdi n..d r.prll(iack. dotl.e.ble b(t cda} Ipd Dffis md slnd s $l.k sllghdyCm.ki.an bp r.p.lrdl and pNdb\ r smrll .mosi ot tlu l q,lll nFdtobe rFolacEd DooB andl$lndd$s$l.li S.rvl.. pip.s.anii..tur.\leartrr(ightnes olieo nnpa jFd

5 15 mm (or a numberof.r..l$3 mm or mde ln d,.8ro!r) 3

E*pnslve ,.pai $ ort lnvnl',lngbrea&i nglr and ep)afnrg ctimso'$atresDeclalvverdw. and $lndws \\'rndsv and lod liams di*trt \linls leanor btig. notlr.ob\. somalN of b.dlrq lDb.am- :|rylcp plFs dlsrupt?d

15 25 tm t!( rso d,.pe,,dm numtPr .t cracks


4/7

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llbuld *t!Dd dne.rfi. m'nlmum orm0 mm (mr ln h,gh\re6.rtue oll) an.lsholld hN? r mlDlmm tbl d.y Jim rh?butdrnSot 1i00.The t)nkh.d pdlnS rho'rldb. nolpsrh.D 100nm b.lN brl.k wrtb*r.It ii Frqdari o rFlocot dralDagelp.r $ry 1im rft!!prll og. rlporslblr. o rvold cdnpllcitltorsiiomtuturclcrl(agc- ldns ts no(pra.t'..]. .dttunw.r olp.rihtuld br eola.edh y PVC andbrclilllinS shtul.l b. of dr. sme $ll typ. * rhesunoundlog ollond.dnorted h ih. s.m. dendv.Ex..tt ln..caswheretr..z!r! ofrv.t?r,r.n t$!.,lt t wls. orcmN.raF In dr. bllldlng.r,...nd Flnmt.rh.m w.ll.rvay tibmrh. bulldlrg prddatlyor* lphlll rinm ft G.. BT! l9)It my he d8lrabl. ro ld*rl a Br.t .i.ihln.trrre NEld. d l8. ot th.pavro8gn th. uphlll3rdrotrhrbuD drrB. Subsll drarnig,.d.cdeddts.ao h.lnst )l.d u ner fi,' sur lir.. dr.lo.

lo bllldrqs srdr a slbrod mrrl !.h aswlrc.ph..rcr aDdJnLririloprt fl mnDg. Noll l.l.nt wntn.tloo.par.s l.i,'almndltloN iirrcftrdrnsatlm.paniculanywn.r. rhcr,.lslitl. .lcaran.e.rtw.?n lFilotr an.l t* 8nun.L Cm.ipnsatroDdds o th. mnhtrr. alredyppscd ln drc subiloormd slgoi|.anily s)ffi rhc prdes ot drynrStui.lmtallatron ot an ad?auat,.uhuotr vmtil atldr $stan. ?itherDatlral or mFhanlcal. s d?slrable.ryr,ry- AldDogi tNs BulldliS Gchoo)ogl Fllederl! $,ldrcrarl(ln8l. b(ndr.S. li Cr tuld besalrl hat subumr mol.*un mnr.$lt ln the dsdoimcDr ot otherprobleni. norlbly:

. \latpr rtat ls raN.r tted n to misdrry m.tal ortlmh.r b!fldingc.lpm.Dl- au*s damSe.n.lt*.t..y torho$.lemdti.. Htgh {btmr humldlty and morliurc.ofi6t crpafta. ldpal.Nlronm.dtrff $atm p.srs,ncludrr ermltesaDdsrrdc' WhFe h,8fimoL*uR hvplsan tansmlltFd o dre uodlnq a6d$'alr!.h l.crdp lo the d6t Inltc cN.t ran ense wrdtn tlpllvhS fds. Dust mltcs-a\wll6.lampnprs lnt.ncril..an h. ahctln' hdr.l to,ohabnanh. ,rticuJarlt hN who aFabntrmarb suceptibla to rsp'rat ry allm.nri.

Th.ld.al v?gebdonlatout s o h*elasn or plrlnsthitrcqulrpdrly lldrr qatenoghmedirtely adJa..r iothp drarmSp rhv ngedge-lFn n@ deturd,ngtlarts. shruhsmdrre* rprpad ur hr()wNatdlng doc o mlu* ot.utdnatl. s.terlnS syspms .cmmon.auF d stlratldr and w.ter mtqrnlm !.d.r n)rnlnSt f,t,s De.esarytou* ln.s rJ i.rni.lt k jrnF n.Dt to r.mMgarddr6ed! oa cmd.tqlt s.ri dlr*ln.e im hulldlnqiWh*. r b..ls..!snr8 r Frnl.m olsoll lnyhg ordrprp sth.a,iene ff ds..t ol ldr.arl oftootlDSi ltthe onind,nS ootr msLldl.ry rnd dr.lr rdovil wlll no( signitl.arnt daruge hp tre,.-rryrhmld br!.wFd and a concr.t. d n.ta1trad,6 plarcdr.rtldlly ln rhr sll to prev4dttutlrp mt816th in drp dlrertlnD tmr bund,og. fli t! not tNllble to rtunw. the rpldant noi!w i rh( tdrmlg . rorhc t rce.an.F( , l l ca t rontormd. . l r t r .e rhd ldbe mrdcro fi.ltrll auiirdht. A Orld.nt n).Dk to tr.Nrhnt llkplyotiind.rs b.jirF ilFy b.cm. i problm.Llom lonontF4 Crtl {d rhmhrsr.t. dep. mnfl d.rt.rlng .qr,.uliuft .rn qtw lotbnndrnr.g.rdloq .r* IEn rni.hlum. ot ut r fted.d rnd lrih dtr.dRtrmbulldln$ rt m6l !IF.lei. BotlnlcgtrdeN.r. dls sr.es oil'torm.tlm. Fd Inldrutlor on ohnt mo6 !.d dralns.ee 8!td'ogTirhnolo$, F|). 17.Exrav.t,nn iourd tmtlngr mu b. Fot,()y i.grner.d. Soll$pp*1,n8 fo.rhSr .rn oly b. $jily .rrv rd .( r. .ngle h6r.ndr dr lot utu! tir. tbotlrg rormrlnst bh. Tftls.ngle k..ll.d th. mqlrotr.p@ (orlilcrb.) iDd v.nesnSnlrk.flrlyb.rwr.nsoll tyDB od.o.dltimt. Rpmdrl rt srl sirhrn r[e5n8]eot r.pd. wlll..0$ iub!|d.n...Remsdialion

Wlrr..r*lon hd o.cuiredtlDt lrdesljcd #aymD atjicmt tot@tlng!. sollotthesam cldsslicadm htuld be otrodued aod.ftnpr.rad to tlre sne dp.slty. \\'hcre in'.lnss havc bepnundermlned.ugmrrltlon ororh?rsr*cl.l|*son( h.ybp.cqulrdlllenpdi*lm otlboa,nSs nd endatloN k gendalty lp .E] m rt a\tl*re lsl.r?d h.*lngs rke .md irll b...os .t sw.ll/dvt! t etli{t.ah. hoh.do.r m.yb?remltdt lo.]]*iar. Umrtolnce tt ttlln8(he84r drlt hasatpErcd bet$.en {r. b..rer and h. Dl wlrhblock,n& Tl* daDg.r hcre k m.i $t|.n the n.J.t sv.ll i.qmfll olllr..y.le omuri the prtr. blo.*ln8 rvlllpu$ lhe flmr urr |no !na(eotu.ted domeaDdmdy als.ius.lo..l fidr litlr. tr drrsoD.lj I lsne.6s.ryto ur. blo.klng, t rlbdd b. h,y. p.lr., t)n,.wedg6 and mmlrfflnSshruld be .ffrl?d out tixtng|nlyrhb arF w. pr.prrod by rohn t @r farB, MlaMA, trnFr,c.Mh.d6 Irrgn6l..

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cSlRo PUBLISHINGPO8or 1139,Col l ing. r@d 066,AlEval iFrad. la00 645051 Ir 03)s652 565 Frt (03)9562 555 Mpdbrrrhcdr6o!

Em6itaubtishjm ts! 6no 6u


5/7

INFORMATIONTO HELPYOUUNDERSTAND LITTLE ABOUTREBLOCKTNGAlmost ail houseswith timber loorsbuilt more han30varsagowill have heir floors supponed n timbrstumps. he ife xpctancy f thes tumps anvary 20 no more han30years. epending n theb? oftimber,soil conditions nd heexlemal nfluences uchassurface rainage nd nsectatlack.CHECKINGYOURSTUMPS:If th stumps ave ottedevenly, he loon mayapparirm. howver heywill almoslalwaysslopeawayfrom thebrick fire places.Olhersymptoms recrookd oor andwindow rames.A housemayappar uitesound uring visualnspection,utcould tanb sinkshonly fter tumps avejusteachedheir ailurThecondition fstumps anbe nspectedy digging way100-200mmfsoil rom heworst tumpocheckheconditicnselow heground.If morehan20or 30prcent fstumps how eriouseterioration,otal e-blockinghould econsidered.SELECTIONOF STUMPS:Th irstdecisiono makes o choos e most uitablelpe ofnwstunps. dgunl lumps re tillquitecommonly sd. heiradvantags hat hyar 0% cheapernn concrte,ut hey o havdisadvantagef limiled ife expectancy.erhapsheirbiggst isadvanrages lat they annor eas irmlysecuredo hebearerss heconcrctetumps,nd heydo notallowDrciseelevellinS.Concrtetumps lthough ore urable. ravailabln sevralyps. nd heseletionf theconect ypefor hjob sverynrponant.SELECTINGTHE RIGHT CONTRACTOR:Having hosenhemore ppropriatend orrectstumpin!ystm.hccontractorshould rvecnoughhydraulicjackso lifi up hebuildingn ONESECTION.IfTOO FEWacks reusd,hehouse ill be ifted n srval eclions,AUSING EVERE NDCOSTLYDAMACETO PLASTERWORKAND FRAMINC.The bllowing oints hould emade ery learwhen btaininguotes.hese oinrs hould lso oml hebash f a contractor heclinland e-blockers.

THEYTYPESOFSTUMPS I\D PADS.THAT FLOORSWILL BE BROUGHT ACKTO REASONABLEEVEL SAY WITHINlOmm.THAT ALLWORK WILL BE N ACCORDANCEWITHHEBUILDINGREGULATIONS.THAT A COUNCILBUILDING ERMITWILL BEOBTAINEDTHEAGREED OSTWhenallnew stumps avebeen nstalled nd acks emoved.he holesshouldb back illed with well

,6r

rxer164i4.rga56"r1ocx,n66od @eract rl rt b.. e6et e. to.-

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. r,nsrsr^ceotgljr.ocir, ic.t rrut o, actstr ta rn6n eru.! ito& ba,!, E e,in'...e b a\ 'lrntjJ ,l

' 4-?


6/7

VEGETATION:Trees and lhick vegelation draw significant quantitiesof water liom $ soil, especially during peakspringand early summer. This pro{essexaggerates he natural summr. drying of the soil and whe.e vesetationhadjacent o buildings a localized variation in soil moisture may occur. This can causedifferential groundmovement and subsequent ishess to the footing system and supr slructure. Carc must be taken by theclient o ensurehat hisdosnotmcur.Genrally, ees houldbe plaleda dislance way rom a dwellingapproximately qual o thenature heightof the trce \I4'er. therc ir a groupqf trecs thedistanceaway fmn the d wlling shorld he er tcndcd to L5tims the maturc heipht of the bees.

la ure l"i! lureHcight

-x1 RADIUSH RT6iustrtHInformation can be obtained from nurserymen n rgard to the watr demandand growth pattemofcomrnonly lecledreesandshn'bs ordomsticgardns.FLEXIBILITY OF MASONRY CONSTRUCTION:Altl'orgh lheweightandstiffnessofsolidmasonry uildjngs cducesexpansivelay nrovment.hesensitivity fthis form of constructiono smalldistonions ancrat pcidproblems.It is rcommnddn class M' & class H' sites i.e.lay soils) haldwllingsbe aniculatedo allowflexibility ofthe building n rsponso footingmovementshat tay occur.Flexibilitycan b achieved y theprovision fl. Full heiCht onstruc tionoints n largexpanses f b rikwork. Jointing over doors and windows andor theuseof tinber panels n placeof brickwork. The use of full height windows and doors. Articuladonbel$eendirercnt fonnsofbuildinB matcials. Aniculafionbetween ld andnewonsFucrion.Provision or articulation houldbe considred unng$e design tage fdwellings,and rom an aestheticviewpoint lienl! shuuld onsultarchitrcts nd/orbuildiogdesigners.


7/7

DRAINAGE:Client! mus.ensurehatcloseattention sSiven o sitedrainage. xcessiv uild upofwaer undr ootingscan create a moislure differential in clay soils which in tum can causeheaveor seltlement n the footingsystem. Cracked brickwork and/or structural damageof the dwelling may be the result of such movemenl.On cut and fill sits, sealedopen surface drains should be used o divrt water ftom the house site. Dishdmins may be required on the high side of the batter if lhe face is likely to scour.

06hden on ugh icol brtter l laccrs

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Ur?'\\Iooutlali

On some lopingsiteswherepermeabl ilty claysandsands ver ay impermeabllaysa prchedwateftablecandevelopadjacento rhe ootingon rhehigh sideofrhe site.This moisture uild up cancrcalelocalized wellingof theciaywhich n tum 'naycause ooiing nrcvenentwith cracked rickworkand,/orstructuml amage csulting.

t oovt ls t l ,

l;tiD RA I N

R U N . O F FD!RECTION PERI'tEASLEANOS& SILTYCLAY5 ..

Where hh occu$ it h recommndedhatan agricultural rain be nstalled o divert he low ofwatraroundlhe house site. Any suchdrain shouldpenetrale he impemeable clay by approximately 200mmIt is importanl that theground around lhe perimelerof the dwelling begradedaway 0oensure hat water doesnot pond near the edge of the footing or rise above th level of lhe dampproof course.Oo class M', 'H' andclass P' sits l is ro:onnrcnded hal an neue$ ide eorcrt.padrs aid amdndthep.rimetcrof thedwelling o prvnlnbisturc variafion f th oundation oils.

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Documents

30. FOUNDATIONS-CSIRO-Foundation Maintenance & Footing Perfo