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3.1-3.2 INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. Organic Chem and Macromolecules. Organic Chem and Functional Groups. Got Phenylalaninedehydroxylase ?. Phenylaline is a toxic amino acid. Phenylalaninedehydroxylase breaks it down . 0. Space-filling model. Structural formula. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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3.1-3.2INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Organic Chem and Macromolecules
Organic Chem and Functional Groups
Got Phenylalaninedehydroxylase?
Phenylaline is a toxic amino acid
Phenylalaninedehydroxylase breaks it down
•Life’s molecular diversity is based on the properties of carbon– A carbon atom can form four covalent bonds
• Allowing it to build large and diverse organic compounds
Structuralformula
Methane
H H
H
H H H
H
H
Ball-and-stickmodel
Space-fillingmodel
CC
The 4 single bonds of carbon point to the corners of a tetrahedron.
Figure 3.1A
Fig. 4-3
NameMolecular Formula
Structural Formula
Ball-and-StickModel
Space-FillingModel
(a) Methane
(b) Ethane
(c) Ethene (ethylene)
Carbon Configuration
• Chain
• Branched chain
• Ring Structure
Carbon skeletons vary in length.PropaneEthane
Length.
Skeletons may be unbranched or branched.
Butane Isobutane
Branching.
Double bonds.
2-Butene
Skeletons may have double bonds,which can vary in location.
1-Butene
Cyclohexane Benzene
Skeletons may be arranged in rings.Rings.
Isomers
• Isomers – same chemical formula, but different chemical arrangement
• 3 different types of isomers
Structural isomer-differ in arrangement of covalent bonds
Geometric isomer-differ in spatial arrangement
Enantiomer isomer- “mirror image”
4 macromolecules
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic Acids
Functional Groups!
• These are like name tags for large macromolecule groups
Glucose
Hydroxyl
• Hydroxyl –OH (sometimes referred to as alcohol.)
• Found in alcohol compounds
• Example: Ethanol
Carbonyl
• Keto =CO
• Aldehyde -CHO
Carboxyl
• Carboxyl -COOH found in acids
Amino
• Amino -NH2 found in amino acids
phenylalanine
Methyl
• Methyl –CH3
Phosphate
• Phosphate - PO4
• Unstable due to electronegativity
• Found in ATP, DNA, RNA
Functional Groups make recognizing macromolecules easier
Estradiol
Male lionTestosterone
Female lion