3267: 55 64 (2012) Article Copyright … · 2012-11-29 · niu () () () () () () ()

Accepted by C. Rasmussen: 20 Feb. 2012; published: 12 Apr. 2012

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55

A review of Megachile (Chelostomoda) Michener (Megachilidae: Megachilini) known from China with the description of a new species

ZE-QING NIU, YAN-RU WU & CHAO-DONG ZHU*

Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution (CAS), Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China*Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

The Chinese species of Megachile (Chelostomoda) Michener, 1962, are treated in this paper. Megachile (C.) guangxiensesp. nov. is described and illustrated. A checklist of the known Chinese species, distribution records, and an updated iden-tification key are provided. The type specimens of M. guangxiense are deposited in the Insect Collection of the Instituteof Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (IZCAS, Beijing).

Key words: Megachile (Chelostomoda), taxonomy, species checklist, floral association, distribution

Introduction

Michener erected Chelostomoda as a subgenus of Chalicodoma in 1962. He gave the diagnosis of Chelostomoda asfollows: “body small, slender, parallel-sided, coarsely sculptured; posterior part of thorax as well as transverse tergalgrooves as in both subgenera Hackeriapis and Chelostomoides; pitted zone at base of propodeum present onlylaterally; tergal grooves not fasciate; terga with apical pubescent fasciae; head not much developed posteriorly;lateral ocellus being little nearer eye than margin of vertex; preoccipital ridge sharp but not carinate; pronotal lobecarinate” (Michener, 1962: p.25). Michener (1965) provided a full description and illustrations of the subgenusChalicodoma (Chelostomoda), including figures of male genitalia and sterna. Michener (2000) rearranged theclassification of the tribe Megachilini, placing all nonparasitic Megachilini in the genus Megachile, thereforeassigning Chelostomoda as a subgenus of Megachile. Michener (2007) noted that at least 14 specific names havebeen included in M. (Chelostomoda), and that this subgenus ranges from China and Japan south to the SolomonIslands, and northern Queensland (Australia), westward throughout Indonesia and Southeast Asia to India.

Wu (2005) described two new species of M. (Chelostomoda) from China. Wu (2006) recorded and gave a keyto the four Chinese species (four males, two females) of the subgenus. Baker & Engel (2006) considered Megachilesaphira Cameron, 1907 to be a junior synonym of M. ulrica Nurse, 1901, and placed M. ulrica, M. lefromaCameron, M. albolineata Cameron, M. funnelli Cockerell, and M. bougainvillei Cockerell in the subgenus M.(Chelostomoda). Gonzalez (2008) explored the relationships among the 58 subgenera of Megachile Latreille s. l.by means of a cladistic analysis of adult external morphological characters. Gonzalez proposed a phylogenetic-based classification for the genus, and suggested grouping its subgenera into four genera (Chalicodoma,Megachile, Matangapis, and Thaumatosoma), a generic classification similar to that still followed by some authors(e.g., Ornosa et al. 2007), although his results have not been widely accepted by other researchers. Ascher &Pickering (2011) listed 20 species of the subgenus M. (Chelostomoda) worldwide.

Material and methods

The specimens examined in this study are deposited in the Insect Collection of the Institute of Zoology, ChineseAcademy of Sciences, Beijing, China (IZCAS). The specimens were examined with a Leica M10 (Germany)

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stereomicroscope. Attributes were recorded with a Cannon 450D12M (Japan) digital camera. The morphologicalterminology used in the descriptions follows Michener (2000). Body measurements are given in millimeters (mm)or relative measurements are used in some cases. Some abbreviations used in the description follows Niu et al.(2004): HL (head length): measured from the apicomedian margin of the clypeus to the upper margin of the vertexin frontal view; HW (head width): measured at the widest point of the head across the compound eyes in frontalview; EW (eye width): the greatest width of eye in lateral view; GW (genal width): the greatest width of the gena inlateral view; MtW (metasomal width): measured at the widest metasomal tergum in dorsal view; TW (widthbetween tegulae): the greatest width between tegulae in dorsal view.

Taxonomy

The checklist of known Chinese species of Megachile (Chelostomoda) is shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1. Checklist of known Chinese species of Megachile (Chelostomoda)

√ represents the sex of the species present in China; × represents the sex of the species unrecorded from China.

Key to the Chinese species of Megachile (Chelostomoda)(Modified from the key by Wu (2006), female of Megachile spissula unknown)

1. Females (antenna with 10 flagellomeres) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-. Males (antenna with 11 flagellomeres) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52. Clypeal median lobe with two setal tufts (Figs 6, 22) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-. Clypeal median lobe with four setal tufts (Fig. 23) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43. T1–T5 with white apical hair bands, hair bands not narrowed medially . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. (C.) spissula-. T1–T5 with white apical hair bands, but the bands on T1–T3 narrower medially . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. (C.) guangxiense sp. nov.4. Postgradular grooves on T2–T3 deep; scopa yellowish; S6 glabrous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .M. (C.) ulrica-. Postgradular grooves on T2–T3 shallow; scopa white; S6 with short black hairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. (C.) nigroapicalis5. Hind legs obviously modified, hind femora and tibiae swollen, tarsomeres 1–4 strip-liked, fifth tarsomere round clubbed, two

times as long as tarsomeres 1–4 together (Fig. 28); S1 with median projected lobe (Fig. 24) M. (C.) crabipedes -. Hind legs not modified; S1 flat, without a conspicuous median lobe (Fig. 25) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66. Antenna short, only extending to apex of scutellum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-. Antenna long, extending to propodeum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87. First antennal flagellomere slightly broader than long, less than half as long as second (Fig. 14) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. (C.) guangxiense sp. nov.-. First antennal flagellomere nearly as broad as long, half the length of the second (Fig. 29) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. (C.) spissula8. Mandible black, with three acute teeth, interspaces between teeth narrow (Fig. 30); outer surface of front tibia reddish-brown;

hind distitarsus black (Fig. 32) M. (C.) nigroapicalis-. Mandible brownish-black, with three blunt teeth, interspaces between teeth broad (Fig. 31); outer surface of front tibia

blackish-brown; hind distitarsus brown (Fig. 33) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .M. (C.) ulrica

Species Female Male Floral associations Distribution

M. (C.) crabipedes Wu, 2005 × √ unknown Yunnan

M. (C.) guangxiense sp. nov. √ √ unknown Guangxi

M. (C.) nigroapicalis Wu, 2005 √ √ unknown Yunnan

M. (C.) ulrica Nurse, 1901 √ √ Melilotus officinalis, Homonoia sp.

Beijing

M. (C.) spissula Cockerell, 1911 √ √ Sophora japonica, Melilotus officinalis, Amomum villosum,

Vitex negundo, Homonoia sp., Malva sinensis

Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, Fujian, Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan, Yunnan

Total 4 5


Zootaxa 3267 © 2012 Magnolia Press · 57MEGACHILE (CHELOSTOMODA) FROM CHINA

FIGURES 1–10. Megachile (Chelostomoda) guangxiense sp. nov. Holotype, ♀, 1, Body in dorsal view; 2, Body in lateralview; 3, Head in frontal view; 4, Head in lateral view; 5, Antenna in lateral view; 6, Clypeus and mandible in frontal view,showing the setae-tuft on clypeal median lobe and teeth on mandible; 7, Mesoscutum and scutellum in dorsal view; 8,Metasoma in lateral view, showing the apical hair bands on terga; 9, Metasoma in lateral view, showing the T6; 10, Hind tarsusin later view, showing the claw.



1. Megachile (Chelostomoda) guangxiense sp. nov.(Figs. 1–10, ♀, holotype; Figs. 11–21, 37, 38, ♂, allotype)

Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from all other Chinese M. (Chelostomoda) species by the followingcombination of characters: both sexes with small body size, female clypeal median lobe with two tufts ofyellowish-brown setae, apical white hair bands on T1–T3 narrower medially; male antenna short, only extending toapex of scutellum, first antennal flagellomere slightly broader than long, and less than half as long as secondflagellomere; hind leg unmodified; S1 unmodified, unlike other species in the subgenus that posses a conspicuousmedial projection.

Description. Female. Body length 7 mm (Figs. 1.2); head broader than long, HW: HL=80: 67 (Fig.3); genanarrower than eye in lateral view, GW: EW=20: 25 (Fig.4); width of metasoma equal to that of the tegula, MtW:TW=79: 79. First antennal flagellomere slightly longer than broad, second flagellomere broader than long, firstflagellomere slightly longer than second, flagellomeres 3–9 approximately as long as broad, tenth flagellomerelonger than broad (Fig. 5); clypeus broader than long, with round and shallow punctures, clypeal margin trilobed,median lobe broad and shallowly emarginated medially, with two tufts of yellowish-brown setae (Fig. 6); punctureson vertex and gena larger and denser than that of clypeus; mesoscutum and scutellum with round punctures (Fig.7), size of punctures smaller than that of vertex; mesepisternum with round punctures, size of punctures roughlyequal to that of mesoscutum; T1–T5 with punctures of different sizes; mandible roughly wide apically, with 5 teethand a large incomplete cutting edge in second interspace only (Fig. 6); fore wing with two submarginal cells ofroughly equal in length, basal vein roughly convex and meeting vein Cu at acute angle, 2nd m-cu meeting theapical margin of 2nd submarginal cell, marginal cell distal to stigma on costa longer than stigma; stigma over twiceas long as broad, margin of stigma in first submarginal cell longer than width of stigma, prestigma much more thantwice as long as broad; jugal lobe of hind wing less than half as long as vannal lobe, vein cu-v less than half as longas second abscissa of M+Cu; pronotal lobe carinate; axilla not produced posteriorly; metanotum without medianspine; scuto-scutellar fovea absent; metasoma parallel sided; anterior surface of T1 strongly concave; T2–T4 withstrong postgradular grooves, not fasciate; T1–T5 with apical bands of white hairs, bands of T1–T3 narrower atmedially (Figs. 8, 9); T6 distinctly concave apically in lateral view (Fig. 9); S2–S5 with apical fasciae of white hairunder scopa in lateral view; pygidial plate absent; middle and hind basitarsi distinctly shorter and narrower thancorresponding tibiae, fore and middle tibiae with one spine on outer side, outer side of hind tibia without spine,outer surface of tibiae without tubercles; claws simple, without inner median tooth, arolia absent (Fig.10). Clypeus,mandible, vertex, frons, antenna, pronotal lobe, mesoscutum, scutellum, and legs black. Pubescence sparse;paraocular area, pronotal lobe, posterolateral surface of propodeum with longer plumose white hairs; apex of T6with shorter and denser dull brownish-yellow hairs. Scopa white.

Male. Body length 6 mm (Figs. 11, 12); head round, head broader than long (Fig. 13), HW: HL=77:74; genanarrower than eye, GW: EW =19: 24; width of metasoma narrow than that of tegulae, MtW: TW=74: 81. Clypeusbroader than long, with round and deep punctures; vertex, genae with round and denser punctures, punctures largerthan those of clypeus; mesoscutum and scutellum with round punctures, size of punctures smaller than that ofvertex; antenna short, extending to the apex of scutellum, first flagellum slightly broader than long, less than half aslong as second flagellomere, flagellomeres 2–11 roughly twice as long as broad and their nearly equal to each otherin length (Fig. 14); mandible tridentate, no inferior projection; characters of forewing and hindwing same as infemale; fore and middle tibiae with one spine on outer surface, hind tibia without spine; tarsomeres 1–3 of theforeleg flattened and broadened, triangle-shaped, apical median deeply excavated, outer surface with goldenfringes (Fig. 15), inner surface of tarsomeres 2–3 with black spot (Fig. 16); middle tibial spur present, middle tarsussomewhat broadened, outer surface with long plumose white hairs; hind basitarsus much less than half the length ofhind tibia and narrower than the latter, outer surface with long plumose white hairs; claws with inner median tooth,arolia absent (Fig. 17); T2–T5 with strong postgradular grooves (Fig. 18); T6 bent to ventral surface, in dorsalview, apical margin of T6 with weakly emarginated medially, median concave and lateral region bulbous (Fig. 19);in ventral view, T6 with a carina, not toothed, the carina rounded medially and extending the apex of T6, apicalregion of carina bulbous except median, median concave and weakly emarginated (Fig. 20); metasoma only threesterna exposed (Fig. 21). Clypeus, mandible, vertex, frons, antenna, pronotal lobe, mesoscutum, scutellum black;except inner surface of fore tibia yellowish brown, fore tarsus brownish yellow, and middle tarsus yellowish brown,other parts of all legs black. Pubescence denser than that of female; lower part of clypeus, paraocular area, lower



FIGURES 11–21. Megachile (Chelostomoda) guangxiense sp. nov. Allotype, ♂, 11, Body in dorsal view; 12, Body in lateralview; 13, Head in frontal view; 14, Antenna in lateral view; 15, Outer surface of fore tarsus; 16, Inner surface of fore tarsus,showing the black spots; 17, Claw on distitarsus of middle leg; 18, Metasoma in dorsal view, showing the postgradular grooveon T2 and T3; 19, T6 in dorsal view, showing the apical margin; 20, T6 in ventral view, showing the carina; 21, Metasoma inventral view, showing the exposed S1, S2 and T6.



part of gena, pronotal lobe, mesepisternum, and posterolateral surface of propodeum with longer plumose whitehairs; T3–T5 postgradular grooves covered with short plumose yellowish-brown hairs; disc of S1 covered withtriangle-shaped plumose white hairs, S2 with apical band of plumose white hairs (Fig. 21); coxa, trochanter, femurof fore and middle leg, and hind coxa with plumose white hairs; genitalia as in Figs. 37, 38.

Type material. Holotype, ♀, China, Guangxi, Jingxi, Bangliang, 23.13ºN, 106.42ºE, 5 Aug. 2010, coll. Ze-qing NIU. Allotype, ♂, same label information as the holotype.

Distribution. China (Guangxi).Floral association. Unknown.Etymology. Named after the type locality, Guangxi province, China.

2. Megachile (Chelostomoda) crabipedes Wu, 2005

Megachile (Chelostomoda) crabipedes Wu, 2005. Act. Zootaxon. Sin., 30(1), 164. Holotype, ♂. Type locality: Yunnan,Xishuangbanna, Menglun (21.9ºN, 101.2ºE), 22 Apr. 1994, coll. Huan-Li XU. Type depository: IZCAS, Beijing.

Distribution. China (Yunnan).Floral association. Unknown.Specimens examined. Holotype, 1♂, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun (21.9ºN, 101.2ºE), Huan-Li XU coll.;

Paratypes, 3♂♂, same label information as holotype; 1♂, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Damenglung, 650m, 4 May1958, coll. Yi-Ran ZHANG.

3. Megachile (Chelostomoda) nigroapicalis Wu, 2005

Megachile (Chelostomoda) nigroapicaliss Wu, 2005. Act. Zootaxon. Sin., 30(1), 162-163. Holotype, ♀. Type locality: Yunnan,Xishuangbanna, Menglun (21.9ºN, 101.2ºE, 650m), 31 Mar. 1994, coll. Long-Long YANG. Type depository : IZCAS,Beijing.

Distribution. China (Yunnan).Floral association. Unknown.Specimens examined. Holotype, 1♀, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun (21.9ºN, 101.2ºE, 650m), 31 Mar.

1994, coll. Long-Long YANG; Paratypes, 1♂, same label information as holotype; 1♀, 1♂, Yunnan,Xishuangbanna, Menglun, 3 Apr. 1994, coll. Huan-Li XU; 3♂♂, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun, 22 Apr. 1994,coll. Huan-Li XU; 1♂, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Damenglong, 650m, 12 Oct. 1958, coll. Zhi-Zi CHEN; 1♂,Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Damenglong, 650m, 16 Apr. 1958, coll. Yi-Ran ZHANG.

4. Megachile (Chelostomoda) ulrica Nurse, 1901

Megachile ulrica Nurse, 1901. Jour. Asia. Soc. Beng., 151. ♀. Type locality: Matheran. Type: no record.Megachile saphira Cameron, 1907. Jour. Bom. Nat. Hist. Soc., XVII, 1006. ♂. Type locality: Matheran. Type: no record.Chalicodoma (Chelostomoda) saphira: Gupta, 1993. Taxonomic Studies on the Megachilidae of North-Western India,

159–162. ♀, ♂.Megachile (Chelostomoda) saphira: Wu, 2006. Megachilidae in Fauna Sin., Ins., Vol. 44, 354. ♀, ♂.

Redescription. Male and female (Wu 2006).Distribution. China (Beijing), India.Floral associations. Melilotus officinalis (Fabaceae), Homonoia sp. (Euphorbiaceae).Specimens examined. 4♂♂, Beijing, 3–7 Jul. 1952, coll. Su-Mei GE; 6♀♀, Beijing, 11 Jul. 1957, coll. Su-

Mei GE; 2♀♀, Beijing, 27 Jul. 1965, coll. Ying-Hen HANG; 1♀, Beijing, 4 Jul. 1973, coll. Su-Fang WANG.



FIGURES 22–28. Characters of Chinese Megachile (Chelostomoda) species. 22, M. (C.) spissula female clypeus in frontalview, showing setae-tufts on clypeal median lobe; 23, M. (C.) ulrica female clypeus in frontal view, showing setae-tufts onclypeal median lobe; 24, M. (C.) crabipedes male metasoma in ventral view, showing horned lobe on S1; 25, M. (C.)nigroapicalis male metasoma in ventral view; 26, M. (C.) crabipedes male fore tarsus; 27, M. (C.) crabipedes male middletarsus; 28, M. (C.) crabipedes male hind leg.



FIGURES 29–38. Characters of Chinese Megachile (Chelostomoda) species. 29, M. (C.) spissula male antenna in lateral view;30, M. (C.) nigroapicalis male mandible in frontal view, showing the teeth and interspaces among teeth; 31, M. (C.) ulrica malemandible in frontal view, showing the teeth and interspaces among teeth; 32, M. (C.) nigroapicalis male hind tarsus, showingcolor of distitarsus; 33, M. (C.) ulrica male hind tarsus, showing color of distitarsus; 34, M. (C.) crabipedes male genitalia linedrawing, from Wu (2006); 35, M. (C.) spissula male genitalia line drawing, from Wu (2006); 36, M. (C.) ulrica male genitalialine drawing, from Wu (2006); 37, M. (C.) guangxiense sp. nov. male genitalia in dorsal view; 38, M. (C.) guangxiense sp. nov.male genitalia line drawing.



5. Megachile (Chelostomoda) spissula Cockerell, 1911

Megachile spissula Cockerell, 1911. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7, 486-487. ♀. Type locality: Formosa (Sauter). Type depository:Berlin Museum.

Megachile spissula parvula Strand, 1913. Suppl. Ent., no.2, 55-56. ♀, ♂. Type locality: Sokutsu. Type depository: DeutschenEntomologischen Museum.

Chalicodoma (Chelostomoda) spissula parvula: Michener, 1962, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 70(1), 25. ♀, ♂. Megachile (Oligotropus) sasakiella Cockerell, 1917. Entomologist, 50, 85-86. ♀. Type locality: Tokyo, Japan. Type depository:

United States National Museum.Megachile (Chelostomoides) sasakiella: Yasumatus, 1935. Fukuoka Hakubutsugaku Zasshi, 1: 387. ♂.Megachile spissula: Wu, 1965, Econ. Fauna Ins. Sin., 9: 48-49. ♀, ♂. Wu et al, 1988, Yunnan Bee Fauna. 51. ♀, ♂.Megachile (Chelostomoda) spissula: Wu, 2006, Megachilidae in Fauna Sin., Ins., Vol. 44, 351-352. ♀, ♂.

Redescription. Male and female (Wu 2006).Distribution. China (Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, Fujian, Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan,

Yunnan), Japan, North Korea.Floral associations. Sophora japonica (Fabaceae), Melilotus officinalis (Fabaceae), Amomum villosum

(Zingiberaceae), Vitex negundo (Lamiaceae), Homonoia sp. (Euphorbiaceae), Malva sinensis (Malvaceae).Specimens examined. 2♂♂, Beijing, 2 Sep. 1963, coll. Su-Mei GE; 2♀♀, Shanghai, 11 Aug. 1918, coll. O.

Piel; 3♀♀, Jiangsu Ihing, 29 Jul. 1933, coll. O. Piel; 2♀♀, 1♂, Zhejiang, Baohua Mountain, 14 Jul. 1942, coll. norecord; 2♀♀, 5♂♂, Shandong, Jinan, 17 Jul. 1934, coll. no record; 1♂, Guangxi, Gongcheng, 1 Aug. 1985, coll.Jian-Guo FAN; 13♀♀, 20♂♂, Fujian, Fuzhou, 13, Jun. 1963, coll. no record; 2♂♂, Guangxi, Guilin, 7 Jun. 1984,coll. Su-Fang WANG; 6♀♀, Hainan, Baotin, 18 Apr. 1960, coll. Xue-Zhong ZHANG; 2♂♂, Sichuan, Chengdu, 1Jun. 1974, coll. Yan-Ru WU; 2♂♂, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun, 600m, 22 Apr. 1994, coll. no record.

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Dr. Claus Rasmussen, Dr. Yan-Zhou Zhang and two anonymous reviewers for theircomments and suggestions on an earlier draft of the manuscript, and Dr. Douglas Chesters for checking the Englishlanguage. Mr. Liang Ding helped in taking color pictures. This work was supported mainly by grants from theKnowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KSXC2-EW-B-02) and theNational Science Foundation, China (Grants Nos. 30870268, 31172048, J0930004).

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3267: 55 64 (2012) Article Copyright … · 2012-11-29 · niu () () () () () () ()