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JOURNALISM 370 APRIL 25,2011 LAW AND FEATURE WRITING

370 april 25 libel

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Page 1: 370 april 25 libel

JOURNALISM  370  APRIL  25,2011  

LAW  AND  FEATURE  WRITING  

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HOW  CAN  YOU  GET  SUED  

•  Wri?ng  misleading  press  releases    •  Making  misleading  or  false  product/service  claims    

•  Crea?ng  front  groups    •  Insider  trading    •  Invasion  of  privacy    •  Misrepresen?ng  earnings    •  Conspiracy  

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REAL  WORLD  BACKGROUND  I  WISH    I  KNEW  WHEN  I  WAS  IN  SCHOOL  

•  The  key  is  avoiding  lawsuits.  •  You  may  be  legally  correct.  It  might  not  maXer.  

•  Lawsuits  are  costly…even  if  you  win.  •  Waivers  are  your  friend.  

•  WriXen  correspondence  is  your  friend  

•  When  in  doubt,  ask.  

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Libel  and  Defama?on  

•  Here’s  how  you  prove  it.  – Statement  was  broadcast  or  published.  

– You  can  ID  who  wrote  it.  – Actual  injury  occurred…that  includes  losing  cash.  – Publisher  was  negligent  or  acted  with  malice.      

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Libel  and  Defama?on  

•  Different  proofs  required  for  “public  figures”  •  Corpora?ons  are  considered  public  figures  •  Truth  is  defense  against  defama?on  charge  

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FAIR  COMMENT…  GET  OUT  OF  TROUBLE  CARD  

•  Opinions  are  protected  as  long  as  cri?cism  is  done  with  honest  inten?on  and  a  lack  of  malice.    

•  Protects  cri?cal  comments  of  execu?ves  •  Protect  yourself  when  wri?ng  cri?cism  – Accompany  opinion  with  facts  on  which  it’s  based.  – AXribute  quoted  opinion  to  an  individual  – Review  context  of  surrounding  language  for  defama?on  

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AVOIDING  DEFAMATION  SUITS  

•  #1  rule:  Watch  your  language    •  Choose  innocuous  language  when  talking  about  personnel  issues    – We  wish  them  well  in  their  future  endeavors.  

•  Avoid  unflaXering  representa?ons  of  compe?tors  

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INVASION  OF  PRIVACY  

•  Employees  don’t  waive  their  right  to  privacy  •  Employee  newsleXers  – Avoid  anything  that  might  embarrass  employees  

– Focus  on  organiza?on-­‐related  ac?vi?es  •  Photos  of  employees    –  Implied  consent  for  “news”  use,  not  promo?on  

– Maintain  photo  records  

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INVASION  OF  PRIVACY  

•  Use  of  photos/quotes  in  publicity  or  adver?sing  –  Need  signed  consent  to  use  photos  or  quotes  in  promo?onal  

materials    •  Media  inquiries  about  employees  

–  Only  provide  confirma?on  of  employment,  ?tle  and  job  descrip?on,  date  of  employment  beginning  and  end  

–  Don’t  provide  address,  marital  status,  number  of  kids,  job  performance  or  salary  

–  Serve  as  liaison  between  reporter  and  employee  •  Employee  blogs    

–  Prohibit  comments  about  other  employees  and  confiden?al  product  informa?on    

–  Employee  guidelines  for  virtual  online  communi?es  

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COPYRIGHT  LAW  

•  Protec?on  of  “fixed”  works  in  any  “tangible  medium.”  Yes,  this  includes  digital.    

•  Work  is  automa?cally  copyrighted  the  moment  it  is  “fixed.”    

•  Work  can  be  formally  copyrighted  through  Library  of  Congress,  but  registra?on  isn’t  required  for  protec?on    

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COPYRIGHT  LAW  HOW  TO  BE  SAFE  

•  Fair  use  allows  you  to  quote  part  of  a  copyrighted  ar?cle,  but  brief  enough  not  to  harm  the  original  work  

•  Social  Media  makes  this  an  evolving  jungle.  

•  When  in  doubt,  ask.  

•  When  in  doubt,  have  a  waiver.  

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COPYRIGHT  LAW  HOW  TO  BE  SAFE  

•  You  can’t  copyright  ideas.  •  You  can  copyright  the  expression  of  those  ideas.  

•  Copyright  your  PR  content.  That’s  why  you  hire  lawyers.  

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COPYRIGHT  LAW  

•  Fair  use  – AXributed  quoted  material  that  is  brief  compared  to  the  en?re  work    

–  Permission  required  when  used  for  promo?on.  •  Photography    –  Photographers  retain  ownership  of  their  work  – Nego?ate  use  carefully    

•  Work  for  hire  – When  working  as  an  employee,  copyright  belongs  to  organiza?on    

•  Digital  material  protected  by  copyright  

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TRADEMARK  

•  Trademark  is  a  word,  symbol,  or  slogan  iden?fying  a  product    

•  Trademarks  are  proper  adjec?ves    •  Trademarks  should  not  be  pluralized  or  used  as  verbs    

•  PR  plays  an  important  role  in  protec?ng  trademarks  

•  Unauthorized  use  of  celebri?es  is  misappropria?on  of  personality  

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PEOPLE  WHO  CAN  MAKE    YOUR  LIFE  MISERABLE  

•  Federal  Trade  Commission  (FTC)    – Regulates  adver?sing  – Protects  consumer  from  decep?on    – Look  for  unsubstan?ated  and  misleading  claims  

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PEOPLE  WHO  CAN  MAKE    YOUR  LIFE  MISERABLE  

•  Securi?es  and  Exchange  Commission  (SEC)  – Monitors  publicly  traded  companies  

– Monitor  public  disclosure  and  insider  trading  – Disclose  in  a  ?mely  fashion  anything  that  might  affect  stock  value  

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PEOPLE  WHO  CAN  MAKE    YOUR  LIFE  MISERABLE  

•  Federal  Communica?ons  Commission  (FCC)  –  Licenses  radio  and  TV  sta?ons    – Assures  airwaves  are  used  in  public  interest  –  Ruled  on  VNRs    

•  Food  and  Drug  Administra?on  (FDA)  – Oversees  promo?on  of  drugs  and  cosme?cs    –  Provides  guidelines  for  publicity  on  health  care  

•  Bureau  of  Alcohol,  Tobacco,  and  Firearms  (BATF)  Regulates  alcohol  promo?on  –  watch  claims  about  health  benefits  

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LET’S  AVOID  A  LAWSUIT  

•  You’re  doing  PR  for  Costco.    •  The  VP  has  just  been  fired  for  embezzling  money.  

•  The  media  calls  you  asking  for  informa?on.  

•  What  can  you  tell  them?  

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LET’S  TALK  FEATURE  WRITING  

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WHY  WRITE  A  FEATURE    IN  THE  FIRST  PLACE  

•  Features  provide  addi?onal  background  •  Generate  human  interest  

•  Create  understanding  in  an  imagina?ve  way  

•  Features  are  more  sol  in  nature  and  not  as  ?me  sensi?ve    

•  They  provide  more  informa?on,  a  behind-­‐the-­‐scenes  perspec?ve,  and  generate  publicity  

•  Features  get  more  focus  in  Sunday  papers.  

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LET’S  PLAN  A  FEATURE  

•  Is  the  subject  worth  a  feature?  – The  subject  doesn’t  have  to  be  human  

•  Will  it  be  useful  to  your  target  audience?    

•  Does  it  meet  organiza?onal  objec?ves?      

If  the  answer  to  any  of  these  ques0ons  is  no,  consider  another  wri0ng  style  

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LET’S  PLAN  A  FEATURE  

•  The  bad  news  is  developing  a  feature  requires  crea?vity  

•  The  good  news  is  ideas  are  everywhere.  •  How  do  pitch  a  feature  can  be  different.  – Distribute  a  general  feature  to  several  media  outlets    

– Write  an  exclusive  feature  and  pitch  to  a  single  person  

– Post  the  feature  on  your  Web  site  

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TYPES  OF  FEATURES  

•  Case  study  •  Third-­‐party  party  endorsement    

•  Applica?on  story…How  to  use  a  product  or  service  in  a  new,  innova?ve  way    

•  Research  study  – Surveys  or  polls  that  examine  things  such  as  lifestyles  

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TYPES  OF  FEATURES  

•  Backgrounder  – A  problem  and  how  it  was  solved    

•  Personality  profile  – Humanize  an  interes?ng  person  

•  Historical  piece  •  Milestones  allow  reflec?on  on  an  organiza?on’s  history  

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FEATURE  ELEMENTS  DIFFERENT  THAN  A  NEWS  RELEASE  

•  Headline    –  Informa?onal  headlines  summarize  – Allitera?ve  headlines  raise  curiosity    – You  can  rely  more  in  emo?on  and  adjec?ves  

•  Lead  – Feature  leads  pique  readers’  interest    – You  don’t  need  a  summary  lead  – You  do  need  to  focus  on  what’s  most  important  – What’s  most  important  may  not  be  facts    

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FEATURE  ELEMENTS  DIFFERENT  THAN  A  NEWS  RELEASE  

•  Body  –    Features  are  longer  than  straight  news  releases    –    They’re  meant  to  be  read  from  beginning  to  end  –    They  should  include  quotes,  illustra?ons  and  other  illustra?ve  elements  

–     The  last  line  is  almost  as  important  as  the  first  line…      

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FEATURE  ELEMENTS  DIFFERENT  THAN  A  NEWS  RELEASE  

•  Placement  – Newspapers,  especially  sec?ons  that  are  not  ?me-­‐sensi?ve  (e.g.,  lifestyle,  food,  automo?ve)  

– Specialty  magazines  are  a  beXer  pitching  op?on.  

– Blogs  can  be    – Because  a  feature  shelf  life  is  longer,  I  would  put  your  items  on  the  web.  

– Pay  to  play  publica?on    

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Let’s  write  a  feature  lead  

•  The  Florida  Grapefruit  Growers  Associa?on  has  announced  that  this  year’s  crop  is  larger  than  last  year’s,  and  greater  availability  will  mean  lower  prices  for  the  consumer.      

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Let’s  write  a  feature  lead  

•  The  na?onal  office  of  tourism  for  Canada  says  the  country  is  a  good  travel  bargain  because  the  Canadian  dollar  is  weak  against  the  American  dollar.      

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LET’S  TALK  LETTERS  TO  EDTIOR    

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WHY  WRITE  ONE?    

•  Allow  PR  to  reach  opinion  leaders    •  Op-­‐ed  authors  are  perceived  as  experts  on  the  issue    

•  Op-­‐eds  are  exclusives    OP-­‐eds  are  controlled  media.    

This  is  rare  in  media  rela0ons  and  publicity  

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WHY  WRITE  ONE?  

•  These  can  talk  about  policy.  •  These  can  promote  events  more  blatantly.  

•  You’re  worried  the  reporter  will  screw  the  story  up.  

OP-­‐eds  are  controlled  media.    

This  is  rare  in  media  rela0ons  and  publicity  

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OP  ED  IDEAS  

•  750  words  max  for  an  op  ed.  •  You  need  to  have  one  main  idea.  

•  Hit  it  early,  and  don’t  veer  off  course.  •  Short  powerful  sentences  •  You  need  facts  to  verify  your  claims.  

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OP  ED  IDEAS  

•  Don’t  say,  “I  think.”  State  it.    –  I  thinks  this  is  a  bad  idea.  – This  is  a  bad  idea.  

•  Don’t  send  out  op  eds  in  bulk.  •  Do  call  an  editor  to  see  if  a  paper  takes  them.    

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LETTER  TO  THE  EDITOR  DIFFERENCES  

•  They  are  shorter  (200-­‐500  words)  •  You  react  to  news  and  should  state  what  sparked  the  leXer.  

•  State  the  theme  of  your  leXer  aler  saying  why  you  are  wri?ng  

•  A  leXer  to  the  editor  is  a  counter  punch.  An  Op  ed  can  be  an  aXacking  punch.