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ZOOTAXA

ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)

ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press

Zootaxa 3722 (2): 183–203

www.mapress.com/zootaxa/Article

http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3722.2.4

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0620F7A3-C8DD-4AAF-B178-31B462A7DE02

A checklist of sucking lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Anoplura) associated with

Mexican wild mammals, including geographical records and a host-parasite list

SOKANI SÁNCHEZ-MONTES1, CARMEN GUZMÁN-CORNEJO1,3, LIVIA LEÓN-PANIAGUA2 & GERARDO

RIVAS1

1Laboratorio de Acarología, Departamento de Biología Comparada; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Méx-

ico. Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria. C. P. 04510. Distrito Federal, México.

E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] de Zoología, Departamento de Biología Evolutiva; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.

Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria. C. P. 04510. Distrito Federal, México3Corresponding author

Abstract

A checklist of 44 species of sucking lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Anoplura) recorded in Mexico, belonging to nine genera

in six families is given, together with a list of the 63 species of Mexican wild mammal hosts with which they are associ-

ated. Summaries of the known geographical records and host relationships for each louse species are presented for each

Mexican state. Data were compiled from published and original records, including three new locality records from the

states of Oaxaca and Guerrero.

Key words: sucking lice, Anoplura, Mexico, checklists, hosts, mammals, geographical records

Introduction

Sucking lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Anoplura) are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites of eutherian mammals. They are small, wingless, dorsoventrally flattened hemimetabolous insects, with a conical head that is narrower than the thorax, and with mouthparts that are modified for sucking blood (solenophagous). Additional anopluran adaptations for ectoparasitic living include reduction or absence of eyes (in most species), reduction of antennal segments (3–5), and the development of grasping tibio-tarsal claws. The suborder Anoplura comprises approximately 550 species classified in 16 families and 49 genera (Durden & Lloyd 2009; Light et al. 2010).

Sucking lice are important vectors of microorganisms that cause a variety of diseases, including tularemia, epidemic typhus, louse-borne relapsing fever, trench fever, and murine mycoplasmosis (Durden & Lloyd 2009).

A number of papers published between 1919 and 1986 include important records of Mexican Anoplura (Ferris 1919–1923; Mooser et al. 1931; Rubin 1946; Werneck 1948; Ferris 1951; Werneck 1952; Morlan & Hoff 1957; Johnson 1962; Kim 1965, 1966; Emerson 1971; Kim & Adler 1982; Kim et al. 1986). Whitaker & Morales-Malacara (2005) compiled a catalogue of ectoparasites associated with Mexican mammals, in which they listed 40 species of Anoplura, representing three families (Enderleinellidae, Hoplopleuridae and Polyplacidae) and 6 genera (Enderleinellus, Fahrenholzia, Hoplopleura, Linognathoides, Neohaematopinus and Polyplax) from 50 species of mammals. Recently, Light & Hafner (2007) analyzed the phylogenetics and host associations of members of the genus Fahrenholzia, providing new species records and localities for Mexico, as well as important molecular data from the specimens they studied. Because the anopluran literature is diffuse and often difficult to access, the objective of this study has been to compile all host and distribution records of Anoplura known from Mexico, in order to further elucidate host-parasite relationships and map the geographical distribution of each louse species in Mexico.

Accepted by R. Palma: 16 Sept. 2013; published: 22 Oct. 2013 183


Material and methods

Our checklist is derived in part from an exhaustive search of the biological literature, utilizing such specialized databases as Biological Abstracts, Biological Sciences, BioOne, and Zoological Record.

This work is divided into three main sections. The first is a checklist of all the louse species arranged taxonomically by family and alphabetically by genus and species within each family. The second section is a louse-host list for each Mexican state, arranged alphabetically. Under each state, louse names appear in boldface, followed by host and locality data, published references (in parentheses), and specimen depositories (in brackets). We use “ND” where data are unavailable. New sucking louse records are presented in a separate paragraph in the following order: louse name, developmental stage (♂ = male, ♀ = female, N = nymph), host, locality, date of collection, and collection number. Additional information (e.g. taxonomic comments) appears in notes directly below a state’s listing. We use the following acronyms for collections where louse specimens have been deposited: CPFC (Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City); FMNH (Field Museum of Natural History, Illinois, Chicago, U.S.A.); UCB (University of California, Berkeley, California, U.S.A.); UMC (University of Minnesota Entomology Collection, St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.A.); USNM (National Museum of

Natural History, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.). Holotype specimens are indicated by a superscript H in boldface following the institutional acronym.

The last section of this work is a host-louse list, arranged alphabetically by mammal orders, families, genera and species. Names of hosts have been updated according to Ramírez-Pulido et al. (2005) and Wilson & Reeder (2005). A list of localities (Locality index) contains geographical coordinates obtained from the “Catalogue of

localities, municipalities and federative entities of Mexico” from the National Institute of Geography and Statistics (INEGI 2012), and electronic gazetteers such as GeoNames. Distribution maps for five anopluran families known from Mexico are included, prepared with the aid of the ArcView 3.2 program (ESRI 2000).

Results

Checklist of Lice

We record 44 species of sucking lice from Mexico, belonging to eight genera in five families, as follows:

Echinophthiriidae Enderlein 1904(Fig. 1)

Antarctophthirus Enderlein, 1906Antarctophthirus microchir (Trouessart & Neumann, 1888)

Enderleinellidae Ewing, 1929 (Fig. 1)

Enderleinellus Fahrenholz, 1912Enderleinellus arizonensis Werneck, 1948Enderleinellus deppei Kim, 1966Enderleinellus extremus Ferris, 1919Enderleinellus hondurensis Werneck, 1948Enderleinellus mexicanus Werneck, 1948Enderleinellus nayaritensis Kim, 1966Enderleinellus oculatus Kim, 1966Enderleinellus osborni Kellogg & Ferris, 1915Enderleinellus pratti Kim, 1966Enderleinellus suturalis (Osborn, 1891)

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Hoplopleuridae Ewing, 1929(Fig. 2)

Hoplopleura Enderlein, 1904Hoplopleura acanthopus (Burmeister, 1839)Hoplopleura arizonensis Stojanovich & Pratt, 1961aHoplopleura difficilis Kim, 1965Hoplopleura emphereia Kim, 1965Hoplopleura ferrisi Cook & Beer, 1959Hoplopleura hesperomydis (Osborn, 1891)Hoplopleura hirsuta Ferris, 1916Hoplopleura quadridentata (Neumann, 1909)Hoplopleura reithrodontomydis Ferris, 1951Hoplopleura similis Kim, 1965Hoplopleura trispinosa Kellogg & Ferris, 1915

Linognathidae Webb, 1946(Fig. 1)

Linognathus Enderlein, 1905Linognathus vituli (Linnaeus, 1758)

Polyplacidae Fahrenholz, 1912(Fig. 3)

Fahrenholzia Kellogg & Ferris, 1915Fahrenholzia boleni McDaniel, 1968Fahrenholzia ehrlichi Johnson, 1962Fahrenholzia ferrisi Werneck, 1952Fahrenholzia hertigi Johnson, 1962Fahrenholzia microcephala Ferris, 1922Fahrenholzia pinnata Kellogg & Ferris, 1915Fahrenholzia reducta Ferris, 1922Fahrenholzia texana Stojanovich & Pratt, 1961bFahrenholzia zacatecae Ferris, 1922

Linognathoides Cummings, 1914

Linognathoides laeviusculus (Grube, 1851)Linognathoides marmotae (Ferris, 1923)Linognathoides traubi (Rubin, 1946)

Neohaematopinus Mjöberg, 1910Neohaematopinus citellinus Ferris, 1942Neohaematopinus griseicolus Ferris, 1923Neohaematopinus neotomae Ferris, 1942Neohaematopinus sciuri Jancke, 1932Neohaematopinus sciurinus (Mjöberg, 1910)Neohaematopinus spilosomae Stojanovich & Pratt, 1961a

Zootaxa 3722 (2) © 2013 Magnolia Press · 185ANOPLURA OF MEXICAN WILD MAMMALS

http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300034039


FIGURE 1. Geographical distribution of Echinophthiriidae, Enderleinellidae and Linognathidae reported from Mexico.

FIGURE 2. Geographical distribution of Hoplopleuridae reported from Mexico.



FIGURE 3. Geographical distribution of Polyplacidae reported from Mexico.

Polyplax Enderlein, 1904Polyplax alaskensis Ewing, 1927Polyplax auricularis Kellogg & Ferris, 1915Polyplax spinulosa (Burmeister, 1839)

Louse-host list by Mexican State

The geographic distributions of all anopluran species recorded from Mexico are shown on Figures 1–3.

BAJA CALIFORNIAAntarctophthirus microchir: Zalophus californianus, Lobera Los Cantiles, Isla Ángel de la Guarda, Golfo de

California (Godínez-Reyes et al. 1995).Linognathus vituli: Odocoileus hemionus fuliginatus, Unidad de Manejo y Conservación de la Vida Silvestre

(UMA) “El Tepi,” Sierra de San Pedro Mártir (Contreras et al. 2007).Neohaematopinus griseicolus: Sciurus griseus, ND (Kim et al. 1986).

Note: The record of L. vituli from O. hemionus fuliginatus is considered as an unusual host-louse association, because this louse species is a regular parasite of Bos taurus (see Durden & Musser 1994a).

BAJA CALIFORNIA SURFahrenholzia reducta: Chaetodipus baileyi, Miraflores (Emerson 1971).Neohaematopinus citellinus: Ammospermophilus leucurus extimus, San Antonio (Emerson 1971).


http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/ge-3299


COAHUILAFahrenholzia boleni: Perognathus merriami, Plan de Guadalupe (Light & Hafner 2007).Fahrenholzia pinnata: Dipodomys sp., Paila (Emerson 1971); Dipodomys merriami merriami, 2 km S Santa

Teresa (Light & Hafner 2007); Dipodomys nelsoni, 5 km S, 16 km W General Cepeda (Light & Hafner 2007); Dipodomys ordii, 3.2 km E Agua Nueva (Light & Hafner 2007).

Fahrenholzia zacatecae: Chaetodipus hispidus, 5 km S, 16 km W General Cepeda (Light & Hafner 2007).Hoplopleura arizonensis: Sigmodon toltecus, Parras (Emerson 1971); S. toltecus, La Paila (Emerson 1971); S.

toltecus, Paila-Parras (Emerson 1971).

COLIMAHoplopleura hirsuta: Xenomys nelsoni, Hacienda Magdalena (Ferris 1921).Neohaematopinus neotomae: Hodomys alleni [USNM 32706], Manzanillo (Ferris 1942).

Notes: The record of H. hirsuta from X. nelsoni is considered an unusual host-louse association, becasue this louse species has been recorded parasitizing rodents of the genus Sigmodon (Ferris 1951; Durden & Musser 1994a). Neohaematopinus neotomae was originally identified as Neohaematopinus sciurinus by Ferris (1923).

CHIAPASEnderleinellus extremus: Sciurus aureogaster nigrescens [USNM 75960], San Cristóbal (Ferris 1919).Enderleinellus hondurensis: Sciurus variegatoides goldmani [USNM 77906], Huehuetán (Werneck 1948).Hoplopleura emphereia: Peromyscus guatemalensis guatemalensis, Unión Juárez (Emerson 1971).Hoplopleura hirsuta: Sigmodon hirsutus, San Clemente (Emerson 1971); S. hirsutus, Tapachula (Emerson 1971).Polyplax auricularis: Peromyscus zarhynchus, Tzontehuitz (Emerson 1971).

Notes: The original record of E. extremus by Ferris (1919) did not include a collection number; however, Kim (1966) referred to the same locality and host, adding the USNM number that is given here. Enderleinellus

hondurensis was originally identified as Enderleinellus kelloggi Ferris, 1916 by Ferris (1919) [USNM 77906].Emerson (1971) originally identified H. emphereia as Hoplopleura ferrisi emphereia.

CHIHUAHUAEnderleinellus arizonensis: Sciurus nayaritensis apache [USNM 132347], Colonia García (Werneck 1948).Enderleinellus suturalis: Spermophilus madrensis, Sierra Madre (Ferris 1919); Spermophilus tereticaudus, El

Paso-Chihuahua City highway, about 55 km S Ciudad Juárez (Morlan & Hoff 1957). Fahrenholzia pinnata: Chaetodipus penicillatus, El Paso-Chihuahua City highway, about 55 km S Ciudad Juárez

(Morlan & Hoff 1957); Dipodomys. merriami, El Paso-Chihuahua City highway, about 55 km S Ciudad Juárez (Morlan & Hoff 1957); D. merriami, 9.6 km NW Ricardo Flores Magón (Light & Hafner 2007).

Hoplopleura hesperomydis: Onychomys leucogaster, El Paso-Chihuahua City highway, about 55 km S Ciudad Juárez (Morlan & Hoff 1957).

Hoplopleura hirsuta: Sigmodon ochrognathus [USNM 96268], Parral (Ferris 1921).Neohaematopinus citellinus: Spermophilus tereticaudus, El Paso-Chihuahua City highway, about 55 km S Ciudad

Juárez (Morlan & Hoff 1957).Neohaematopinus sciurinus: Sciurus nayaritensis [USNM 132347], Colonia García (Ferris 1923).

Notes: Specimens of E. arizonensis were originally identified by Ferris (1919) as Enderleinellus longiceps. Hoplopleura hesperomydis from O. leucogaster is considered an unusual host-louse association, because this louse species has been recorded parasitizing mainly rodents of the genus Peromyscus (Durden & Musser 1994a).

DISTRITO FEDERALEnderleinellus oculatus: Sciurus alleni [USNM 116931], Sierra de Guadalupe (Kim 1966).Hoplopleura reithrodontomydis: Reithrodontomys chrysopsis, Ajusco (Ferris 1951).Neohaematopinus sciurinus: S. alleni [USNM 11691], Sierra de Guadalupe (Ferris 1923).


http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1916/10871

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.09.003

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.09.003

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02119998

http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.3393.39

http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.3393.39


Polyplax auricularis: Neotomodon alstoni [USNM 50656], ND (Ferris 1923).Polyplax spinulosa: Rattus norvegicus, Cuauhtémoc (Mooser et al. 1931); Rattus rattus, Cuauhtémoc (Mooser et

al. 1931).

Notes: Sierra de Guadalupe encompasses two Mexican states: Distrito Federal and Estado de México. Specimens of E. oculatus were originally identified by Werneck (1948) as Enderleinellus arizonensis. Polyplax

auricularis from N. alstoni is considered an unusual host-louse association, because this louse species has been recorded parasitizing rodents of the genera Onychomys, Peromyscus and Reithrodontomys (Durden & Musser 1994a).

DURANGOFahrenholzia texana: Liomys irroratus, Hacienda Atotonilco (Light & Hafner 2007)Hoplopleura ferrisi: Peromyscus spicilegus, El Salto (Emerson 1971)Polyplax auricularis: Peromyscus sp., Ojo Tongo (Emerson 1971); Peromyscus maniculatus, Ojo Tongo (Emerson

1971); Peromyscus difficilis, Buenos Aires (Emerson 1971).

Note: Specimens of H. ferrisi were originally identified by Emerson (1971) as Hoplopleura ferrisi ferrisi.

ESTADO DE MÉXICOEnderleinellus oculatus: Sciurus alleni [USNM 116931], Sierra de Guadalupe (Kim 1966).Hoplopleura hesperomydis: Peromyscus melanotis, Nevado de Toluca, (Emerson 1971).Fahrenholzia pinnata: Dipodomys phillipsii [USNM 52036], Amecameca (Ferris 1922).Neohaematopinus sciurinus: S. alleni [USNM 11691], Sierra de Guadalupe (Ferris 1923).Polyplax auricularis: P. melanotis, Nevado de Toluca, (Emerson 1971).

Notes: Specimens of E. oculatus were originally identified by Werneck (1948) as Enderleinellus arizonensis.

Sierra de Guadalupe encompasses two Mexican states: Distrito Federal and Estado de México.

GUANAJUATOLinognathoides laeviusculus: Spermophilus mexicanus, ND (Ferris 1923).

Note: Linognathoides laeviusculus was placed in the genus Neohaematopinus by Ferris (1923).

GUERREROHoplopleura emphereia: Peromyscus megalops auritus, Omiltemi (Emerson 1971).Fahrenholzia microcephala: 3♂, 10♀, 2N, from Liomys pictus, Parque Estatal Cerro del Huizteco, Municipio de

Taxco, Guerrero, 30 Jun. & 4 Jul. 2010 [CPFC00001] New locality record.

Note: Hoplopleura emphereia was originally identified as Hoplopleura ferrisi emphereia by Emerson (1971).

HIDALGOFahrenholzia ehrlichi: Liomys irroratus alleni, Ixmiquilpan (Emerson 1971).

JALISCOFahrenholzia ehrlichi: Liomys irroratus jaliscensis, Etzatlán (Emerson 1971); L. irroratus alleni [USNM

120169], Acotlán (Johnson 1962); L. irroratus jaliscensis [USNM 34131], Atamejac (Johnson 1962); L.

irroratus jaliscensis, Encarnación de Díaz (Johnson 1962); L. irroratus, 16 km NNE Ameca (Light & Hafner 2007).

Fahrenholzia microcephala: Liomys pictus, 4.5 km SW Jilotlán (Light & Hafner 2007). Hoplopleura emphereia: Peromyscus sp., Ciudad Guzmán (Emerson 1971).Hoplopleura ferrisi: Peromyscus levipes, Zapotlanejo (Emerson 1971); P. levipes, Nevado de Colima (Emerson

1971).


http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2006.00367.x

http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-10-292

http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.54.4.567

http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.54.4.567

http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3274362


Hoplopleura hesperomydis: Peromyscus melanotis, Nevado de Colima (Emerson 1971).Polyplax alaskensis: Microtus mexicanus phaeus, Nevado de Colima (Emerso 1971).Polyplax auricularis: Peromyscus hylocetes, Nevado de Colima (Emerson 1971); P. melanotis, Nevado de Colima

(Emerson 1971).

Notes: Fahrenholzia ehrlichi was originally identified as F. microcephala [USNM 34131] by Ferris (1923). The locality given for F. ehrlichi – Acotlán – does not exist, but this name may refer to Acatlán de Juárez.Hoplopleura emphereia was originally identified by Emerson (1971) as Hoplopleura ferrisi emphereia and Hoplopleura ferrisi was originally identified by Emerson (1971) as Hoplopleura ferrisi ferrisi.

MICHOACÁN

Linognathoides traubi: Spermophilus adocetus [USNM 57684]H, ND (Rubin 1946).

Notes: Linognathoides traubi was originally placed in the genus Neohaematopinus traubi by Rubin (1946). Locality data was not given, but Johnson (1958) cited this specimen (with the same USNM number) from Apatzingán, Michoacán.

MORELOSEnderleinellus mexicanus: Sciurus aureogaster nigrescens [USNM 51156], Huitzilac (Werneck 1948).Hoplopleura difficilis: Peromyscus difficilis, Lagunas de Zempoala (L.A. Durden pers. comm. 2013).Hoplopleura ferrisi: Peromyscus sp., Lagunas de Zempoala (Emerson 1971).Neohaematopinus sciurinus: S. aureogaster nigrescens [USNM 51156], Huitzilac (Ferris 1923).Polyplax alaskensis: Microtus mexicanus mexicanus, Lagunas de Zempoala (Emerson 1971).

Notes: Specimens of E. mexicanus were originally identified by Ferris (1919) as Enderleinellus extremus

Hoploplura ferrisi was originally identified by Emerson (1971) as Hoplopleura ferrisi ferrisi

NAYARIT

Enderleinellus mexicanus: Sciurus colliaei [USNM 96795]H, Chacala (Werneck 1948).

Enderleinellus pratti: S. colliaei [USNM 91245]H, Santiago, Tepic (Kim 1966).Fahrenholzia microcephala: Liomys pictus hispidus, Tepic (Emerson 1971).Hoplopleura ferrisi: Peromyscus spicilegus, “Tepico” (Emerson 1971).Neohaematopinus sciurinus: S. colliaei [USNM 91245], Santiago, Tepic (Ferris 1923).

Notes: Specimens of E. mexicanus and E. pratti were originally identified by Ferris (1919) as Enderleinellus

extremus. The holotype, allotype and five paratypes of E. mexicanus are deposited in the UCB, and two paratypes are in the UMC. The holotype, allotype and five paratypes of E. pratti are deposited in the UCB, and one paratype in the UMC. Hoplopleura ferrisi was originally identified by Emerson (1971) as Hoplopleura

ferrisi ferrisi from “Tepico”, but this locality refers almost certainly Tepic, Nayarit.

NUEVO LEÓNFahrenholzia ehrlichi: Chaetodipus hispidus, San Antonio Allende (Ramos-Casillas 2003); C. penicillatus, San

Antonio Allende (Ramos-Casillas 2003).Hoplopleura acanthopus: Microtus mexicanus subsimus, El Potosí (Emerson 1971).Hoplopleura hirsuta: Sigmodon toltecus, Pesquería (Ramos-Casillas 2003).Linognathoides marmotae: Spermophilus variegatus couchii [USNM 57685], Municipie de Galeand, Ojo de Aqua

(Rubin 1946).Neohaematopinus neotomae: Neotoma leucodon, Doctor Arroyo (Ramos-Casillas 2003); Neotoma micropus,

Lampazos (Ramos-Casillas 2003).Polyplax alaskensis: M. mexicanus subsimus, El Potosí (Emerson 1971).Polyplax auricularis: Peromyscus maniculatus blandus, Cerro Potosí (Emerson 1971).


http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1946.tb00109.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02761947000200001

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02761947000200001

http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/ge-717r.1

http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2010.10-0083


Notes: Linognathoides marmotae from Municipie de Galeand, Ojo de Aqua, was originally described as Neohaematopinus mathesoni by Rubin (1946). Later, Johnson (1958) speculated that this locality was probably Municipio Galeana and Agua de Oro. However, Agua de Oro is a locality in the Municipality of Galeana (INEGI 2012).

OAXACAEnderleinellus deppei: Sciurus aureogaster aureogaster [USNM 73297], Juchitán (Kim 1966).Enderleinellus extremus: Sciurus aureogaster nigrescens [USNM 68182], Cerro San Felipe (Ferris 1919); S.

aureogaster aureogaster, Quichicón (Ferris 1919).Fahrenholzia texana: Liomys irroratus, ND (Kim et al. 1986).Hoplopleura emphereia: Megadontomys cryophilus, Cerro Pelón (Emerson,1971).Hoplopleura ferrisi: 5♂, 21♀ 1N, from Peromyscus melanurus, La Yerba Buena, Municipio de Santa Catarina

Juquila, Oaxaca, 30 Apr. and 5 May 2010 [CPFC00002] New locality record.Neohaematopinus sciurinus: S. aureogaster nigrescens [USNM 68182], Cerro San Felipe (Ferris 1923); S.

aureogaster aureogaster [USNM 73297], Quichicón, Oaxaca (Ferris 1923).Polyplax alaskensis: Microtus mexicanus fulviventer, Llano de las Flores (Emerson 1971).Polyplax auricularis: Reithrodontomys mexicanus [USNM 68685], “Tohontepec” (Ferris 1923).Polyplax auricularis: 18♂, 16♀ 17N, from Peromyscus beatae, Km 134.5 on road 175, 21 km N Guelatao,

Oaxaca, 22–25 Nov. 2010 [CPFC00003] New locality record.

Notes: Specimens of E. deppei were originally identified by Ferris (1919) as E. extremus. The original record of E.

extremus Ferris (1919) did not include a collection number; however, Kim (1966) referred to the same locality and host, adding the USNM number that is given here. Hoplopleura emphereia was originally identified by Emerson (1971) as Hoplopleura ferrisi emphereia Polyplax auricularis was recorded from “Tohontepec, Chiapas” by Ferris (1923), who subsequently (Ferris 1951) stated that this locality probably corresponded to “Tehuantepec, Oaxaca.”

PUEBLAEnderleinellus extremus: Sciurus aureogaster, ND (Kim 1966).Fahrenholzia ehrlichi: Liomys irroratus, 6 km N Tilapa (Light & Hafner 2007); L. irroratus, 11 km (by road) SW

Alchichica (Light & Hafner 2007); L. irroratus, 3 km (by road) NE Tilapa (Light & Hafner 2007)Fahrenholzia pinnata: Dipodomys phillipsii, 11 km (by road) SW Alchichica (Light & Hafner 2007); Perognathus

flavus, 3.1 km SW El Veladero (Light & Hafner 2007).

QUERÉTAROHoplopleura trispinosa: Glaucomys volans, Pinal de Amoles (L.A. Durden pers. comm. 2013).

SAN LUIS POTOSÍFahrenholzia ehrlichi: Liomys irroratus texensis, El Salto (Emerson 1971).Hoplopleura hirsuta: Sigmodon toltecus, El Salto (Emerson 1971).

SINALOAEnderleinellus nayaritensis: Sciurus nayaritensis apache, Santa Lucía (Kim 1966).Fahrenholzia microcephala: Liomys pictus hispidus, Matatán (Emerson 1971); L. pictus, San Ignacio (Emerson

1971); L. pictus, Santa Lucía (Emerson 1971).Hoplopleura ferrisi: Peromyscus spicilegus, ND (Emerson 1971).Hoplopleura hirsuta: Sigmodon arizonae, Los Mochis (Emerson 1971).Neohaematopinus neotomae: Hodomys alleni alleni, “Conception” (Emerson 1971).

Note: The correct locality record given by Emerson (1971) for N. neotomae is Concepción (La Barrigona).



SONORAEnderleinellus osborni: Spermophilus tereticaudus neglectus, Kino (Emerson 1971).Fahrenholzia pinnata: Dipodomys deserti sonoriensis, Kino (Emerson 1971); D. merriami merriami, Kino

(Emerson 1971).

TABASCO

Enderleinellus deppei: Sciurus deppei [USNM 100048]H, Teapa (Kim 1966).Neohaematopinus sciurinus: S. deppei [USNM 100048], Teapa (Ferris 1923).

Note: Specimens of E. deppei were originally identified by Ferris (1919) as Enderleinellus extremus.

TAMAULIPASEnderleinellus extremus: Sciurus deppei negligens, Altamira (Ferris 1919).Fahrenholzia ehrlichi: Liomys irroratus, Matamoros (Johnson 1962).Hoplopleura hirsuta: Neotoma micropus, Matamoros (Ramos-Casillas 2003).Hoplopleura quadridentata: Oryzomys rostratus [USNM 92935], Altamira (Ferris 1921).

Note: Hoplopleura hirsuta from N. micropus is considered an unusual host-louse association, because this louse species has been recorded parasitizing rodents of the genus Sigmodon (Ferris, 1951; Durden & Musser 1994a).

VERACRUZEnderleinellus extremus: Sciurus aureogaster [USNM 93016], Papantla (Ferris 1919).

Enderleinellus oculatus: Sciurus oculatus [USNM 54235]H, ND (Kim 1966).

Fahrenholzia ferrisi: Heteromys desmarestianus [USNM 14353]H, Achotal (Werneck 1952); H. desmarestianus

[LSUMZ 36300], 8 km ENE Catemaco (Light & Hafner 2007).Fahrenholzia hertigi: H. desmarestianus, 8 km ENE Catemaco (Light & Hafner 2007).

Fahrenholzia microcephala: Liomys pictus pictus [FMNH 11099]H, San Carlos (Ferris 1922); L. pictus, Biological Station La Mancha (Light & Hafner 2007).

Hoplopleura similis: Oligoryzomys fulvescens [USNM 58259]H, Orizaba (Kim 1965).Neohaematopinus sciurinus: S. oculatus [USNM 54235], ND (Ferris 1923).

Notes: The original record of E. extremus Ferris, 1919 did not include a collection number; however, Kim (1966) referred to the same locality and host, adding the USNM number that is given here, but he gave the locality erroneously as “Papanita”. Specimens of E. oculatus were originally identified by Ferris (1919) as Enderleinellus longiceps. The type specimens of E. oculatus are deposited in the UCB. Fahrenholzia ferrisi

was originally identified as F. microcephala [USNM 14353]H by Ferris (1922). Specimens of H. similis were originally identified by Ferris (1919) as Hoplopleura hesperomydis and Hoplopleura quadridentata.

YUCATÁNEnderleinellus hondurensis: Sciurus yucatanensis, Gruta de “Balankranche” (Kim 1966).Fahrenholzia ferrisi: Heteromys gaumeri, Pisté (Emerson 1971).Hoplopleura arizonensis: Sigmodon hispidus, Pisté (Emerson 1971).

Note: The correct locality record for E. hondurensis is Gruta de Balankanché.

ZACATECAS

Enderleinellus nayaritensis: Sciurus nayaritensis [USNM 90947]H, Sierra Madre (Kim 1966).

Fahrenholzia ehrlichi: Liomys irroratus alleni [USNM 91883]H, Valparaíso (Johnson 1962), L. irroratus, 3.2 km E San Jerónimo (Light & Hafner 2007).

Fahrenholzia pinnata: Dipodomys phillipsii ornatus [USNM 91939], Valparaíso (Ferris 1922); D. ordii, 1.6 k m SE Bañon (Light & Hafner 2007); D. phillipsii, 3.2 km E San Jerónimo (Light & Hafner 2007).

Fahrenholzia zacatecae: Chaetodipus hispidus zacatecae [USNM 91875]H, Valparaíso (Ferris 1922).



Notes: Specimens of E. nayaritensis were originally identified by Ferris (1919) as Enderleinellus longiceps, and subsequently as Enderleinellus arizonensis by Werneck (1948). The holotype, allotype and seven paratypes of E.

nayaritensis are deposited in the UCB. Fahrenholzia ehrlichi was originally identified as Fahrenholzia

microcephala [USNM 91883]H by Ferris (1922). The holotype and allotype specimens are deposited in the UCB.

MEXICO (no state given)Fahrenholzia microcephala: Liomys irroratus, ND (Ferris 1951).Neohaematopinus sciuri: Sciurus aureogaster, ND (Kim & Adler 1982).Neohaematopinus spilosomae: Spermophilus spilosoma, ND (Durden & Musser 1994a).

Host-louse List

The 44 species of Mexican anopluran lice are associated with 81 taxa (63 species) of mammals in three orders: Artiodactyla, Carnivora and Rodentia.

MAMMALIA

Artiodactyla

Cervidae

Odocoileus hemionus fuliginatus Cowan

Linognathus vituli

Carnivora

Otariidae

Zalophus californianus (Lesson)

Antarctophthirus microchir

Rodentia

CricetidaeHodomys alleni (Merriam)

Neohaematopinus sciurinus

Hodomys alleni alleni (Merriam)Neohaematopinus neotomae

Megadontomys cryophilus (Musser)Hoplopleura emphereia

Microtus mexicanus fulviventer MerriamPolyplax alaskensis

Microtus mexicanus mexicanus (de Saussure)Polyplax alaskensis

Microtus mexicanus phaeus (Merriam)Polyplax alaskensis

Microtus mexicanus subsimus GoldmanHoplopleura acanthopus

Polyplax alaskensis

Neotoma leucodon MerriamNeohaematopinus neotomae

Neotoma micropus BairdHoplopleura hirsuta

Neohaematopinus neotomae

Neotomodon alstoni MerriamPolyplax auricularis



Oligoryzomys fulvescens (de Saussure)Hoplopleura similis

Onychomys leucogaster (Wied-Neuwied) Hoplopleura hesperomydis

Oryzomys rostratus MerriamHoplopleura quadridentata

Peromyscus beatae ThomasPolyplax auricularis

Peromyscus difficilis (Allen) Hoploplura difficilis

Polyplax auricularis

Peromyscus guatemalensis guatemalensis MerriamHoplopleura emphereia

Peromyscus hylocetes MerriamPolyplax auricularis

Peromyscus levipes MerriamHoplopleura ferrisi

Peromyscus maniculatus (Wagner)Polyplax auricularis

Peromyscus maniculatus blandus OsgoodPolyplax auricularis

Peromyscus megalops auritus MerriamHoplopleura emphereia

Peromyscus melanotis Allen & ChapmanHoplopleura hesperomydis


Peromyscus melanurus OsgoodHoplopleura ferrisi

Peromyscus spicilegus AllenHoplopleura ferrisi

Peromyscus zarhynchus MerriamPolyplax auricularis

Peromyscus Gloger sp.Hoplopleura emphereia

Hoplopleura ferrisi


Reithrodontomys chrysopsis MerriamHoplopleura reithrodontomyis

Reithrodontomys mexicanus (de Saussure)Polyplax auricularis

Sigmodon arizonae MearnsHoplopleura hirsuta

Sigmodon hispidus Say & OrdHoplopleura arizonensis

Sigmodon hirsutus (Burmeister) Hoplopleura hirsuta

Sigmodon toltecus (de Saussure)Hoplopleura arizonensis

Hoplopleura hirsuta

Sigmodon ochrognathus BaileyHoplopleura hirsuta

Xenomys nelsoni MerriamHoplopleura hirsuta



HeteromyidaeChaetodipus baileyi (Merriam)

Fahrenholzia reducta

Chaetodipus hispidus (Baird)Fahrenholzia ehrlichi

Fahrenholzia zacatecae

Chaetodipus hispidus zacatecae (Osgood)Fahrenholzia zacatecae

Chaetodipus penicillatus (Woodhouse)Fahrenholzia ehrlichi

Fahrenholzia pinnata

Dipodomys deserti sonoriensis GoldmanFahrenholzia pinnata

Dipodomys merriamis merriami MearnsFahrenholzia pinnata

Dipodomys nelsoni MerriamFahrenholzia pinnata

Dipodomys ordii WoodhouseFahrenholzia pinnata

Dipodomys phillipsii GrayFahrenholzia pinnata

Dipodomys phillipsii ornatus MerriamFahrenholzia pinnata

Dipodomys Gray sp.Fahrenholzia pinnata

Heteromys desmarestianus GrayFahrenholzia ferrisi

Fahrenholzia hertigi

Heteromys gaumeri Allen & ChapmanFahrenholzia ferrisi

Liomys irroratus (Gray)Fahrenholzia ehrlichi

Fahrenholzia microcephala

Fahrenholzia texana

Liomys irroratus alleni (Coues)Fahrenholzia ehrlichi

Liomys irroratus jaliscensis (Allen)Fahrenholzia ehrlichi

Liomys irroratus texensis MerriamFahrenholzia ehrlichi

Liomys pictus (Thomas)Fahrenholzia microcephala

Liomys pictus pictus (Thomas)Fahrenholzia microcephala

Liomys pictus hispidus (Allen)Fahrenholzia microcephala

Perognathus flavus BairdFahrenholzia pinnata

Perognathus merriami AllenFahrenholzia boleni

MuridaeRattus norvergicus Berkenhout

Polyplax spinulosa



Rattus rattus LinnaeusPolyplax spinulosa

SciuridaeAmmospermophilus leucurus extimus Nelson & Goldman

Neohaematopinus citellinus

Glaucomys volans (Linnaeus)Hoplopleura trispinosa

Sciurus alleni NelsonEnderleinellus oculatus


Sciurus aureogaster CuvierEnderleinellus extremus

Neohaematopinus sciuri

Sciurus aureogaster aureogaster CuvierEnderleinellus deppei

Enderleinellus extremus


Sciurus aureogaster nigrescens BennettEnderleinellus extremus

Enderleinellus mexicanus


Sciurus colliaei RichardsonEnderleinellus mexicanus

Enderleinellus pratti


Sciurus deppei PetersEnderleinellus deppei


Sciurus deppei negligens NelsonEnderleinellus extremus

Sciurus griseus OrdNeohaematopinus griseicolus

Sciurus nayaritensis AllenEnderleinellus nayaritensis


Sciurus nayaritensis apache AllenEnderleinellus arizonensis

Enderleinellus nayaritensis

Sciurus oculatus PetersEnderleinellus oculatus


Sciurus variegatoides goldmani NelsonEnderleinellus hondurensis

Sciurus yucatanensis AllenEnderleinellus hondurensis

Spermophilus adocetus (Merriam)Linognathoides traubi

Spermophilus madrensis (Merriam)Enderleinellus suturalis

Spermophilus mexicanus (Erxleben)Linognathoides laeviusculus

Spermophilus spilosoma BennettNeohaematopinus spilosomae



Spermophilus tereticaudus BairdEnderleinellus osborni

Enderleinellus suturalis

Neohaematopinus citellinus

Spermophilus variegatus couchii BairdLinognathoides marmotae

Discussion

Studies of Mexican Anoplura from Ferris (1919) to the present day have yielded a total of 44 species associated with wild mammals, a figure that represents 8% of the world anopluran fauna (Light et al. 2010). In Mexico, sucking lice have been collected from 63 host species, representing 12% of the 525 mammal species known to occur in this country (Ceballos & Oliva 2005).

Currently, the state of Oaxaca has the greatest number (9) of anopluran species recorded, followed by Chihuahua, Jalisco, Nuevo León and Veracruz with 7, but no records exist from four other states (Aguascalientes, Campeche, Quintana Roo, and Tlaxcala).

The genus containing the highest number of species in Mexico is Hoplopleura (11 species) followed by Enderleinellus (10 species), Fahrenholzia (9), Neohaematopinus (6), Linognathoides and Polyplax (3 each), while only one species has been recorded from each of the genera Antarctophthirus and Linognathus. Geographically, the most widespread species is Neohaematopinus sciurinus recorded from 8 states, Followed by Fahrenholzia ehrlichi

and Polyplax auricularis from 7 states.Mexican Anoplura are associated with three orders of mammals – Artiodactyla, Carnivora, and Rodentia – the

latter accounting for the vast majority of host records: 61 species in 22 genera (Hodomys, Megadontomys, Microtus,Neotoma, Neotomodon, Olygoryzomys, Onychomys, Oryzomys, Peromyscus, Reithrodontomys, Sigmodon, Xenomys,Chaetodipus, Dipodomys, Heteromys, Liomys, Perognathus, Rattus, Amnospermophilus, Glaucomys, Sciurus andSpermophilus) and four families (Cricetidae, Heteromyidae, Muridae and Sciuridae). These hosts harbour 95.5% of the total number of anopluran species known from the country. This high percentage agrees with an observation by Durden (2001), who wrote that about two thirds of the world’s Anoplura parasitize rodents.

Among the anopluran species associated with Rodentia, those of the genus Fahrenholzia are specific to heteromyids, those of Hoplopleura mostly with murids, but also with cricetids and sciurids, and those of Enderleinellus and Linognathoides with sciurids. Species of the genera Neohaematopinus and Polyplax are more widespread parasites, the former being associated with cricetids and sciurids, while the latter are most often found on cricetids and murids (Durden & Musser 1994b). In this study, we provide three new locality and host records for three anopluran species (Fahrenholzia microcephala, Hoplopleura ferrisi and Polyplax auricularis), also associated with rodents.

Whitaker & Morales-Malacara (2005) list Glaucomys volans as a host of Hoplopleura trispinosa in Mexico based on Kim et al. (1986), but no Mexican records are mentioned in the latter publication. However, this louse species has been found in association with G. volans from Pinal de Amoles, Quéretaro, Mexico (L.A. Durden pers. comm. 2103). Hoplopleura trispinosa is considered a possible vector of Rickettsia prowazekii, the pathogen for epidemic typhus (McDade 1987). Currently, only four Mexican Anoplura – Hoplopleura acanthopus, Linognathus

vituli, Neohaematopinus sciuri and Polyplax auricularis – are potential vectors of human and animal pathogens. Many pathogenic agents have been detected or isolated from sucking lice, as follows: five bacteria: Bartonella sp. (see Durden et al. 2004; Tsai et al. 2010), Bartonella rattimassiliensis (see Reeves et al. 2006), Bartonella

tribocorum (see Reeves et al. 2006), Brucella brucei (see Parnas et al. 1960), and Haemobartonella muris (see Crystal 1958); two rickettsiae: Rickettsia prowazekii (see Mooser et al. 1931) and Rickettsia typhi (see Azad 1990); three protozoans: Anaplasma spp. (Hornok et al. 2010), Theileria sergenti (see Fujisaki et al. 1993) andTrypanosoma lewisi (see Khachoian & Arakelian 1978); and one fungus: Trichophyton verrucosum (see Kamyszek 1977). However, the transmission of these pathogens by lice remains unproven for most of them.

It is very important that Mexican ectoparasite specimens be deposited in national collections, where they will serve regional investigators. Earlier collectors deposited the type material for 12 (26.6%) Mexican species in United States collections (FMNH, UCB, UMC, USNM). Primary types deposited in the USNM were recently



cataloged by Durden & Adams (2005), who listed only three types (USNM 57684, 57685, 91883) from Mexico. Although the types of other Mexican Anoplura are cited in the literature, we have not been able to locate them.

Our knowledge of Mexican sucking lice is still far from complete. Indeed, many of the principal hosts of these ectoparasites, i.e. rodents, still have not been sampled for specimens. It is therefore imperative that studies of these insects be encouraged so that a clearer picture of the taxonomy, ecology, biogeography and phylogenetics of Mesoamerican Anoplura may eventually emerge.

Acknowledgments

Partial funding for this research was provided by the Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigación e

Innovación Tecnológica (PAPIIT No 226010). We thank Griselda Montiel, Rosario Chavarría, Mirna Hernández, Diego Barrales, Luis Darcy, Christina Lynggaard, Ricardo Paredes, Héctor Olguín, Giovani Canchola and Pablo Colunga for their assistance in the field. Richard G. Robbins (Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.) kindly reviewed and edited an earlier version of our manuscript. We are grateful to Prof. Lance Durden (Georgia Southern University��Statesboro��Georgia��U�S�A�) for his thorough review of our manuscript and for providing useful suggestions that have greatly improved the quality of this paper.

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with descriptions of two species: (Anoplura: Hoplopleuridae). Journal of Parasitology, 47, 312–316.Stojanovich, C.J. & Pratt, H. (1961b) Fahrenholzia texana, new species, with a key to the United States species of

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Locality index

Locality Latitude N Longitude W

BAJA CALIFORNIA

Lobera Los Cantiles, Isla Ángel de la Guarda, Golfo de California 29°32′00″ 113°29′00″

Unidad de Manejo y Conservación de la Vida Silvestre (UMA) "El Tepi," Sierra de San Pedro Mártir

31°04′36″ 115°16′31″

BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR

Miraflores 23°22'08″ 109°46'47″

San Antonio 26°32′00″ 112°30′00″

COAHUILA

La Paila 25°39'01″ 102°08'44″

Paila 25°38′00″ 102°08′00″

Paila-Parras ND ND

Parras 25°25′00″ 102°11′00″

Plan de Guadalupe 26°12'33" 101°20'40"

2 km S Santa Teresa 26°22'47" 101°21'20"

3.2 km E Agua Nueva 25°11'02" 101°03'29"

5 km S, 16 km W General Cepeda 25°22′35″ 101°28′30″

COLIMA

Hacienda Magdalena ND ND

Manzanillo 19°03′08″ 104°18′57″

CHIAPAS

Huehuetán 15°01′00" 92°23′00"

San Clemente 16°22'14" 93°47'53"

San Cristóbal 16°44′12″ 92°38′18″

Tapachula 14°54′29″ 92°15′38″

Tzontehuitz 16°50′15″ 92°34′00″

Unión Juárez 15º04′00" 92°05′00"

CHIHUAHUA

El Paso-Chihuahua City highway about 55 km S Ciudad Juárez 31°44′22″ 106°29′13″

Colonia García 30°18′34″ 108°04′35″

Parral 26°55′57″ 105°39′47″

Sierra Madre ND ND

9.6 km NW Ricardo Flores Magón 29°59′20″ 107°01′41″

DISTRITO FEDERAL

Ajusco 19°12′00″ 99°16′00″

Cuauhtémoc 19°26′29.81″ 99°09′6.6″

Sierra de Guadalupe ND ND

DURANGO

Buenos Aires 25°44′57″ 105°02′54″

El Salto 23°46′42″ 105°21′37″

Haciendo Atotonilco 24°38′35″ 103°41′56″

Ojo Tongo ND ND

......continued on the next page



Locality index (Continued)


ESTADO DE MÉXICO

Amecameca 19°07′40″ 98°45′46″

Nevado de Toluca 19°06′30″ 99°45′30″

Sierra de Guadalupe ND ND

GUERRERO

Parque Estatal Cerro del Huizteco, Municipio de Taxco 18°36′08″ 99°36′30″

Omiltemi 17°35′39″ 99°38′46″

HIDALGO

Ixmiquilpan 20°28′55″ 99°13′05″

JALISCO

Acatlán de Juárez 20º14′30″ 103°32′30″

Atamejac 20°05′00″ 103°35′00″

Ciudad Guzmán 19°42′31″ 103°27′51″

Encarnación de Díaz 21°24′00″ 102°25′00″

Etzatlán 20°46′00″ 104°05′00″

Nevado de Colima 19°33′49″ 103°36′29″

Zapotlanejo 20°27′00″ 102°52′00″

4.5 km SW Jilotlán 19°37′00″ 103°02′00″

16 km NNE Ameca 20°55′00″ 104°03′00″

MICHOACÁN

Apatzingán 19°05′19″ 102°21′03″

MORELOS

Huitzilac 19°01′42″ 99°16′02″

Lagunas de Zempoala 19°03′13″ 99°18′54″

NAYARIT

Chacala 21°9′57″ 105°13′28″

Santiago 21°48′41″ 105°12′24″

Tepic 21°31'95″ 104°54′32″

NUEVO LEÓN

Municipio de Galena, Agua del Oro 24°50′00″ 100°04′00″

Cerro Potosí 24°52′18″ 100°13′57″

Doctor Arroyo 24°41′46″ 100°01′52″

El Potosí 24°49'35.23″ 100°20'30.98″

Lampazos 27°01′00″ 100°31′00″

Pesquería 25°47′06″ 100°03′04″

San Antonio Allende 25º17'00″ 100°01'00″

OAXACA

Cerro Pelón 17°01′30″ 96°04′46″

Cerro San Felipe 17°01′32″ 96°04′48″

Juchitán 16°26′00″ 94°56′50″

Km 134.5 road 175, 21 km N Guelatao 17°25'10" 96°29'53"

La Yerba Buena, Municipio de Santa Catarina Juquila 16°13'59" 97°16'59"

......continued on the next page



Locality index (Continued)


Llano de las Flores 17°26'50" 96°30'14"

Quichicón ND ND

Tehuantepec 16°19′28″ 95°14′20″

PUEBLA

3 km (by road) NE Tilapa 18°17′00″ 97°10′00″

3.1 km SW El Veladero 18°57′55″ 97°29′20″

6 km N Tilapa 18°35′38″ 98°33′14″

11 km (by road) SW Alchichica 19°26′09″ 97°23′20″

QUERÉTARO

Pinal de Amoles 21°08′03″ 99°27′31″

SAN LUIS POTOSÍ

El Salto 22°31'14" 101°03'49"

SINALOA

Concepción (La Barrigona) 23°23′39" 106°10′07"

Los Mochis 25°47′37" 108°59′49"

Matatán 23°01′58" 105°43′42"

San Ignacio 23°31′20" 105°44′45"

Santa Lucía 23°26′15" 105°51′10"

SONORA

Kino 30°37′37" 110°58′03"

Nuevo Kino 28°51'24" 112°0'26"


TABASCO

Teapa 17°32′00" 92°57′00"

TAMAULIPAS

Altamira 22°23′00" 97°56′00"

Matamoros 25°52′00" 97°30´00"

VERACRUZ

Achotal 17°44′10" 95°07′56"

Biological Station La Mancha 19°36′00" 96°22′00"

Orizaba 18°51′31" 97°05′48"

Papantla 20°26′56″ 97°19′28"

San Carlos 17°40′52" 94°42′24"

8 km ENE Catemaco 18°25′34″ 95°06′45″

YUCATÁN

Gruta de Balankanché 20°40′00″ 88°36′00″

Pisté 20°41′53″ 89°35′19″

ZACATECAS

Sierra Madre ND ND

Valparaíso 22°46′13″ 103°34′04″

1.6 km SE Bañon 23°09'51″ 102°27'56″

3.2 km E San Jerónimo 22°39'06″ 102°29'38″


Documents

3722 (2): 183 203 Article ...phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/68761.pdfAntarctophthirus microchir: Zalophus californianus, Lobera Los Cantiles, Isla Ángel de la Guarda,