3rd EMUNI Research Souk 2011

INNOVATION AND EMPLOYABILITY - THE UNIVERSITIES CHALLENGE

21 March 2011

Locations: at 14 co-founding institutions from 11 countries

rd3 EMUNI Research SoukThe Euro-Mediterranean StudentResearch Multi-conference

Al-Quds University, Palestinian AuthorityAn-Najah National University, Palestinian AuthorityAristotle University of Thessaloniki, GreeceBeirut Arab University, Lebanonukurova University, TurkeyFaculty of Economics and Engineering Management, University Business

Academy, SerbiaInternational School for Social and Business Studies, SloveniaMediterranean Center for Arts and Sciences, ItalyPolitecnico di Studi Aziendali universita privata a distanza, SwitzerlandUniversidad de Murcia - Campus Mare Nostrum 37 / 38, SpainUniversit di Palermo, ItalyUniversity of Primorska, SloveniaUniversidade Fernando Pessoa, PortugalUniversitatea "Petre Andrei" din Iai, Romania

rdProceedings of the 3 EMUNI Research Souk: Innovation and Employability - The Universities ChallengeMonday, 21 March 2011

Conference Committee:Prof. Dr. Joseph Mifsud, Prof. Dr. Amr Galal Al-Adawi, Prof. Dr. Walid Moussa, Prof. Dr. Ren Chamussy, Prof. Dr. Georges Tohm

Programme Committee:Prof. Dr. Abdallah Al-Zoubi, Ahmad Qutob, Alexandru Trifu, Antonio Fernando Gmez Skarmeta, Antonio Montes Romero, Prof. Dr. Azmi Yalin, Prof. Beniamino Zecchinato, Prof. Dr. Branislav Veselinovi, Prof. Carmine Bianchi, Dr. Eleni Kassapi, Dr. George Abdel Nour, Prof. Dr. Hanafy Holail, Dr. Hassan Al Charif, Prof. Dr. Ivo Sobral, Dr. Jelena Vapa-Tankosi, Prof. Dr. Joo Casqueira Cardoso, Dr. Lorenzo Kihlgren, Dr. Magda Bou Dagher, Massimo Silvestri, Prof. Mauro Alvisi, Dr. Murat Doanlar, Dr. Nada Trunk irca, Pasquale Assennato, Ramzi Harrabi, Dr. Stella Kostopoulou, Tudor Pitulac, Valerij Dermol, Dr. Ziad Osman

Organising Committee:Prof. Dr. Abdallah Al-Zoubi, Denis uri, Prof. Dr. Francesco Paolo La Mantia, Dr. George Abdel Nour, Goran Dakovi, Prof. Dr. Hanafy Holail, Dr. Hassan Al Charif, Dr. Islam Kabbani, Iris Skrt, Prof. Dr. Joo Casqueira Cardoso, Dr. Lorenzo Kihlgren, Dr. Magda Bou Dagher, Dr. Maja iri, Prof. Mauro Alvisi, Miguel Motas Guzmn, Prof. Dr. Nehale Fariid Mostapha, Prof. Dr. Nejat Erk, Noura Chaaban, Dr. Omar Houry, Dr. Pavlos Pantazis, Dr. Sam A. F. Alfoqahaa, Sorina Postolea, Yacoub Sabatin, Dr. Walid Chatila, Zeina Al Ariss, Dr. Ziad Osman

Editor: Denis uriDesign: Peter FlorjaniPublished by: EMUNI University, Sonna pot 20, SI-6320 PortoroFor the publisher: Prof. Dr. Joseph MifsudFirst printing: May 2011Print-run: 500

CIP - Kataloni zapis o publikacijiNarodna in univerzitetna knjinica, Ljubljana

001.895(082)(086.034.4)331.5(082)(086.034.4)

EMUNI. Research Souk (3 ; 2011)Innovation and employability - the universities challenge [Elektronski vir] / 3rd EMUNI Research Souk [being] The Euro-Mediterranean Student Research Multi-conference, 21 March 2011; editor Denis uri. - 1st printing. - El. knjiga. - Portoro : EMUNI University, 2011

ISBN 978-961-6805-04-91. Gl. stv. nasl. 2. uri, Denis255813888

Table of Contents

2

3 Locations of Delivery

5 Conference Main Programme

6 Local Programmes

20 Papers / Projects

nd2 EMUNI Research Souk (EMUNI ReS)

1

rd3 EMUNI Research Souk (EMUNI ReSouk)The Euro-Mediterranean Student Research Multi-conference

Innovation and Employability - The Universities Challenge

EMUNI Research Souk* is:a multi-conference, implementing at the same time at EMUNI members in different countries of Euro-Mediterranean region;a student research conference, participants are stimulated to present their project on UfM priorities (De-pollution of the Mediterranean, Maritime and Land Highways, Civil Protection, Alternative Energies: Mediterranean Solar Plan, Higher Education and Research, Euro-Mediterranean University, The Mediterranean Business Development Initiative);an EMUNI contribution to multicultural dialogue and mutual understanding among people.

Innovation is the driving force for economic growth and an efficient vehicle towards modernization and enhancing competitiveness in the global market. European countries and their neighbors have recognized the importance of innovation and therefore it is featured among the priorities of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership and the European Neighborhood Policy (ENP). On the other hand, Employability is the capability to move self-sufficiently within the labor market to realize potential through sustainable employment. For individuals, employability depends on the knowledge, skills and abilities they possess, the way they use those assets and present them to employers, and the context within which they seek work. Now, innovation should be the output of all universities work and employability is the final goal that should drive all universities efforts.

This will be the challenge for universities to unlock the talents of students; promote shared values; extend opportunities to an increasingly wide range of people; drive local and national economic growth; provide a highly skilled workforce; create innovative world beating products and services; create jobs; and support communities. A challenge leading universities toward innovation and employability.

*Souk is an Arabic word for Market or Bazaar

2

Locations of Delivery

GREECEAristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki

ITALYMediterranean Center for Arts and Sciences, SiracusaUniversity of Palermo, Palermo

LEBANONBeirut Arab University, Beirut

PALESTINIAN AUTHORITYAl-Quds University, JerusalemAn-Najah National University, Nablus

PORTUGALUniversity Fernando Pessoa Porto, Porto

ROMANIA"Petre Andrei" University of Iai, Iai

SERBIAFaculty of Economics and Engineering Management, Novi Sad

SLOVENIAInternational School for Social and Business Studies, CeljeUniversity of Primorska, Koper

SPAINUniversity of Murcia - Campus Mare Nostrum 37 / 38, Murcia

SWITZERLANDPolitecnico di Studi Aziendali universita privata a distanza, Lugano Agno

TURKEYukurova University, Adana

3

Beirut Arab UniversityBeirut, Lebanon

ukurova UniversityAdana, Turkey

Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

Thessaloniki, Greece

Mediterranean Center for Arts and SciencesSiracusa, Italy

Internat

ional Sc

hool for

Social a

nd Busin

ess Stud

ies

Celje, S

lovenia

Universitatea "Petre Andrei" din Ia

i

Iai, Romania

Faculty of Economics and Engineering ManagementNovi Sad, Serbia

Universidad de Mu

rcia - Campus Mare

Nostrum 37 / 38

Murcia, Spain

University of Pa

lermo

Palermo, Italy

Politecnico di Studi Aziendali universita privata a distanzaLugano, Switzerland

Unive

rsity o

f Prim

orska

Koper,

Sloven

ia

An-Najah National UniversityNablus, Palestinian Authority

Al-Q

uds U

nive

rsity

Jeru

sale

m, P

ales

tinia

n Au

thor

ity

University Fernando Pessoa PortoPorto, Portugal

4

14 co-founding institutions from 11 countries

Conference Main Programme

10.00 - 10.30 Conference OpeningJoseph Mifsud, President of EMUNI UniversityAmr Galal Al-Adawi, President of Beirut Arab University Walid Moussa, President of Notre Dame University Ren Chamussy, President of Saint Joseph University Georges Tohm, President of CNRSBahia El Harriry, President of Parliament Education Committee of

LebanonGianni Pittela, Vice-President of the European Parliament (Video

message)Danilo Trk, President of the Republic of Slovenia (Video message)

10.30 - 11.00 Live Video Connection:Olga Cosmidou, Director-General of DG for Interpretation and

Conferences, European Parliament

11.30 - 13.00 EMUNI ForumRodi Kratsa-Tsagaropoulou, Vice-President of the European ParliamentIlan Chet, Deputy Secretary General of the Union for the Mediterranean

(Video Message)Jzsef Gyrks, State Secretary, Ministry of Higher Education, Science

and Technology, Slovenia (Live video connection)Robert Manchin, Chairman and Managing Director of The Gallup

Organisation EuropeEmployer's Perception of Graduate Employability

Mouin Hamze, Secretary General of CNRS

14.00 - 16.00 Institutional Opening and Institutional ForumLocation: simultaneously at 15 co-founding institution from 12 different countries

16.30 - 18.30 Student's SessionsLocation: simultaneously at 15 co-founding institution from 12 different countries

5

GREECEAristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki

10.00 - 13.00 Conference Opening and EMUNI ForumLive video transmission from Lebanon

14.00 - 16.00 Institutional Opening

Professor Giannis Mylopoulos, The Rector of Aristotle UniversityProfessor Sophia Kouidou, Vice - Rector - Chair of The Reasearch Committee of Aristotle UniversityProfessor Konstantinos Katsifarakis, Chair of The Environmental Council of Aristotle UniversityAssistant Professor Stella Kostopoulou, EMUNI expert

16.30 - 18.30 Student's Sessions

6

ITALYMediterranean Center for Arts and Sciences, Siracusa


13.00 - 15.00 Institutional OpeningGiuseppina Ortisi, Executive Director, Arcadia University - MCASRamzi Harrabi, Community Service Programs Coordinator, Arcadia

Universiy - MCASDavide Tanasi, Professor, Arcadia University - MCASLorenzo Kihlgren Grandi, Chairman, Associazione Culturale "Il

Tamarindo

Institutional ForumLorenzo Kihlgren Grandi, Chairman, Associazione Culturale "Il

TamarindoThe Nausicaa Lab project

Viviana Cannizzo, Founder, The Hub SiciliaThe Hub Sicilia project


7

LOGO

ITALYUniversity of Palermo, Palermo


13.00 - 15.00 Institutional OpeningPasquale Assennato, Vice-Rector for Internazionalization, University of

PalermoAda Maria Florena, Vice-Rector for Students Mobility, University of

PalermoFrancesco Paolo La Mantia, Delegate for EMUNI, University of Palermo

Institutional ForumProf. Carmine Bianchi, University of Palermo

A Comparative Analysis of Performance Management Systems: The Cases of Sicily and North Carolina

Prof. W. Angelico, University of PalermoTo build on built

Prof. B. Abbate, University of PalermoSignificance of integrated management of coastal area and its importance for the economic and social development of a region with a strong inclination Marine


8

LEBANONBeirut Arab University, Beirut


14.00 - 16.00 Institutional ForumDr. Ziad Ahmad Osman, Beirut Arab University Videos from ReSouk Co-organisers


9

PALESTINIAN AUTHORITYAl-Quds University, Jerusalem


14.00 - 16.00 Institutional Opening and Forum


10

PALESTINIAN AUTHORITYAn-Najah National University, Nablus


14.00 - 16.00 Institutional OpeningDr. Kherieh Rassas, President Assistant for International & Strategic

Affairs

Institutional ForumDr. Jalal Al Dabbeek, Head of Earth Sciences and Seismic Engineering

CenterRisk Assessment and Disaster Risk Reduction: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disaster

Dr. Jawad Fatayer, Clinical Sociologist, President Asst. for Graduate AffairsCompetency Development of College Graduate: Challenges and Possibilities

Discussion


11

PORTUGALUniversity Fernando Pessoa, Porto


12.00 - 14.00 Institutional Opening and Forum

Professor Dr Ali Haj MohammedThe Arab world and the Portuguese-speaking countries Master Student Juliana SantosUsefulness of Studying Arabic in Portugal Master Student Gil FerreiraPerspective of studies and business between Portugal and Middle East Master Student Paulo OliveiraThe Political Science and International Relations Perspective Professor Dr Joo Casqueira Cardoso Society as the Main Motor of Social Law and Development in the Mediterranean Region


12

ROMANIA"Petre Andrei" University of Iai, Iai


14.00 - 16.00 Institutional OpeningProf. Dr. Doru Tompea, Rector, Petre Andrei University of IaiAssoc. Prof. Dr. Sorin Bocancea, President, Petre Andrei University of Iai,

Romanian Academy - Iai BranchPost-national Higher Education. The Entrepreneurial University

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tudor Pitulac, Chancellor, Petre Andrei University of Iai

Institutional ForumProfessor Dr. Cristian BOCANCEA, Dean Faculty of Law, Petre Andrei

University of IaiThe Western Episteme in Post-Communism

Professor Dr. Rodica BOIER, Professor, Gh. Asachi Technical University, IaiA Perspective of Higher Education Marketing on Innovation and Employability

Professor Dr. Mariana CALUSCHI, Dean Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Petre Andrei University of IaiCreativity in the Extreme Future

Researcher Dr. Teodor PDURARU, Researcher, Ghe. Zane Institute for Economic and Social Research Romanian Academy of Sciences

Professor Dr. Ruxandra RCANU, Professor, University of Bucharest Faculty of PsychologyThe Profile of the Art Consumer and his Choices. A Study Conducted in the Romanian High Schools

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Daniel ANDRU, Director Department of Public Relations and Universiy Image, Petre Andrei University of Iai, Romanian Academy - Iai BranchThe University and the Knowledge-Based Society. An Ideological Analysis

Adrian-Bogdan ARAMET, Vice-Prefect of Iai County, The Institution of the Iasi County Prefect

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Alexandru TRIFU, Dean Faculty of Economics, Petre Andrei University of IaiRegional Development within Globalization. Sequence Study Reffering to Central-East Europe and Mediterranean Zone


13

SERBIAFaculty of Economics and Engineering Management, Novi Sad


13.00 - 15.00 Institutional OpeningMarijana Cari, President of Council at University Business AcademyMaja iri, Vice Dean at Faculty of Economics and Engineering

Management

Institutional ForumJelena Vapa Tankosi, Coordinator for International Cooperation

Researchers mobility: Career Development, Skills and IndustryKristina Mari, International Cooperation Officer

International Mobility Programs as a Major Gateway to Changes in Local Higher Education Systems

Miroslav Stojsavljevi, Teaching AssistantPositioning and Role of Career Guidance Center in European Higher Education


14

SLOVENIAInternational School for Social and Business Studies, Celje


13.00 - 15.00 Institutional OpeningDr. Sreko Natek, Dean of ISSBSDr. Valerij Dermol, Associate Dean for Research of ISSBS

Institutional ForumVesna Skrbinjek and Valentina Jot, Young researchers at ISSBS

The importance of joint study programs for SloveniaGregor Jagodi and Igor Srdo, Lecturer and assistant at ISSBS

The impact of interactive learning methods on self-image of innovation and employability

Urka Lindav, Assistant at ISSBSGoing to college - yes or no?


15

SLOVENIAUniversity of Primorska


13.00 - 15.00 Institutional Opening


16

SPAINUniversity of Murcia - Campus Mare Nostrum 37 / 38, Murcia


13.00 - 15.00 Institutional OpeningJos Antonio Cobacho Gmez, Rector, University of MurciaM Isabel Snchez-Mora Molina, Vice-Chancellor, Job, University of

MurciaJuan Mara Vzquez Rojas, Vice-Chancellor, Research & Intl. Campus,

University of MurciaD. Ramn Ruiz Merino, Vicerrector de Relaciones Internacionales y

Campus de Excelencia de la UPCTDa. M Pilar Montaner Salas, Decana de la Facultad de Economa y

EmpresaDomingo Garca Prez de Lema, Director, BANCAJA Chair for Young

Entrepreneurs, UPCT. Director, Watch Group for Small and Medium-Sized Companies, Region of Murcia. Co-director, FAEDPYME, Polytechnic University of Cartagena

Antonio Aragn Snchez, Director, BANCAJA Chair for Young Entrepreneurs, UMU. Director, GEM Projects, University of Murcia

Antonia Martnez Pellicer, Director, Career and Job Counselling Unit, University of Murcia

Juan Antonio Sarabia, R&D Manager, CronobiotechCronobiotech, Biologic Rhythms Technologies

Guillermo Prez Snchez, Research & Development, Laboratorio de ptica de la Universidad de Murcia (LO.UM). Voptica S.LUniversity Start-up: From Lab to Market

Emilio Iborra Bota, CEO/Partner, R&D Manager, Ami2-Ambiental Intelligence & Interaction SLLThe Necesity product and the ProDIA research project

Institutional Forum

15.30 - 17.30 Students Sessions

17

SWITZERLANDPolitecnico di Studi Aziendali Universita Privata a Distanza


14.00 - 15.30 Institutional OpeningMassimo Maria Silvestri, Rector, Issea Politecnico di Studi Aziendali di Lugano, Universit privata a distanza

Prof. Mauro Alvisi, President, Issea Research Institute.Fabrizio Prior, tecnology innovation department, Issea Research Institute

Fabio Ferrarini, green economy department, Issea Research Institute.Germano Cicero & Mario Colantoni, Junior Research managers.Gianmarco Alvisi, Communication manager of Issea Research Institute.Fabio Franceschetti, PhD in Enviromental engeniering, 2011 winner of TR35 at MIT of Boston

Luciano Lillo, PhD in Digital engineering


18

TURKEYukurova University, Adana


14.00 - 15.30 Institutional OpeningProf. Dr. Nejat Erk, EMUNI Contact Person, Faculty of Economics and

Admin. Sciences

Institutional ForumAli Eren Alper/Salih Gencer, PhD Student, Cukurova University Economics dep.Quality of Education, Employability and Economic Growth Sinan Fikret Erk, PhD Student, Cukurova University Business Dep. Employability; Cultural and Economic Factors Role in the Creation of Tertiary Education EmploymentAyberk Nuri Berkman, PhD Student, Cukurova University Economics Dep. The Interaction Between Human Capital and Innovation Capability Toward Economic Growth: Employability of Human Capital Within Meda RegionPasa zen, PhD Student, Cukurova University Business dep.Lintelligence et la Crativit


19

List of Papers

AN-NAJAH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

A MEASUREMENT OF AN-NAJAH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY CONTRIBUTION TO PALESTINIAN LOCAL

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT FROM AN-NAJAH HEADS OF DEPARTMENTS PERSPECTIVES 26

COMPETENCY BUILDING OF COLLEGE GRADUATES: CHALLENGES AND POSSIBILITIES 33

DISASTER RISK REDUCTION (DRR) - BUILDING THE RESILIENCE OF NATIONS AND COMMUNITIES TO

DISASTERS 39

EMPLOYMENT POSSIBILITIES FOR AN-NAJAH NATIONAL UNIVERSITYS GRADUATES 42

EVALUATION OF ENERGY AND CO2

SAVINGS OF AN INSTITUTIONAL COLLECTIVE SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM IN PALESTINE

48

PROBLEMS THAT FACE GRADUATE STUDENTS, COMPARED WITH THE LABOR MARKET 62

ARISTOTLE UNIVERSITY OF THESSALONIKI

A SOCIAL INNOVATION IN A DEVELOPMENT PARTNERSHIP BENEFITING FROM THE NETWORKING OF

NEW FEMALE-DRIVEN ENTERPRISES IN A FEW MEDITERRANEAN REGIONS 73

ARCHAEOSEISMOLOGY AND RECONSTRUCTION OF THE ANCIENT ENVIRONMENT IN BULGARIA

82

BE ATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATIONS AT MID LATITUDES (40N) DURING A YEAR OF SOLAR MINIMUM

90

BORDERS ARE REALITY, BOUNDARIES ARE CONSCIOUSNESS

97

CARE AND THERAPY OF THE WHOLE FAMILY 109

DETERMINATION OF URANIUM CONCENTRATIONS IN GROUND WATER SAMPLES OF NORTHERN

GREECE 116

EVALUATION DES SERVICES DE LA BIBLIOTHEQUE DU DEPARTEMENT DES SCIENCES DE L'EDUCATION

PRESCOLAIRE DE L'UNIVERSITE ARISTOTE DE THESSALONIQUE EN GRECE PAR LANALYSE DE

LOPINION DES ETUDIANTS

121

FORECASTING URBAN HEAT ISLANDS IN EUROPEAN CITIES 130

INFLUENCE OF KINETIC ENERGY ON LOWER LIMB IMPACT PARAMETERS IN THE CASE OF FRONTAL

COLLISION DURING PENDULUM SWING EXERCISING 140

INTEGRATION ACTIVITIES OF INDIVIDUAL WITH PARTICULARITIES IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF 4TH

SPECIAL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL THESSALONIKI 150

INTERACTIONS OF ENERGY DRINKS WITH ALCOHOL 154

LEFFET DE LA PIOGLITAZONE SUR LES MARQUEURS DU REMODELAGE OSSEUX CHEZ LE RAT

DIABTIQUE. 161

LEFFET DU RAMIPRIL COMBIN LEPLRNONE COMPAR AU RAMIPRIL SEUL SUR LA

NPHROPATHIE DU RAT RENDU DIABTIQUE PAR LA STREPTOZOCINE. 167

LABORATORY ANIMALS

173

LE PETIT PRINCE SUR LA PLANETE DE LA... TRADUCTION 177

Proceedings of the 3rd EMUNI Research Souk

20 21 March 2011

NEUROPSYCHIATRIC APPROACH OF FAMILY WITH ELDERLY 184

PRACTICAL TRAINING PROGRAM IN A BUSINESS DEPARTMENT BRIDGES CLASSROOM THEORY WITH

THE REAL WORD PRACTICE 190

PRIORITIES IN TRANSLATION TRAINING 203

ROUTES OF MORPHINE ADMINISTRATION IN POSTOPERATIVE ELDERLY PATIENTS. 224

SEXUALITY AND AGEING 229

SKILLS FOR EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION 238

TARGETING VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR (VEGF) IN RHEMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA) 245

TEAM OF CARE AT HOME 251

THE ETYMOLOGICAL APPROACH OF MEDICAL TERMS 260

THE FUNGICIDE CYCLOHEXIMIDE CAUSING ESTROGENIC DISRUPTION AND ACTING AS A TERATOGEN

AND CARCINOGEN DURING PREGNANCY. 266

THE ROLE OF HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL AQUIFERS 274

THE ROLE OF UNIVERSITIES IN ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION 280

TIME LAG BETWEEN THE TROPOPAUSE HEIGHT AND THE LEVELS OF

7

BE CONCENTRATION IN NEAR

SURFACE AIR

289

TRANSLATORS' TRAINING AND MEDICAL DICTIONARIES: PREPARING A BILINGUAL [GREEK <

>ITALIAN] ILLUSTRATED TERMINOLOGICAL DICTIONARY ON HUMAN ANATOMY: 297

UNIVERSITIES: BUILDING REGIONAL INNOVATIVE CAPACITY 304

UNIVERSITIES: BUILDING REGIONAL INNOVATIVE CAPACITY 309

VARIATIONS OF

210

PB CONCENTRATIONS IN SURFACE AIR AT THESSALONIKI, NORTHERN GREECE

(40N)

310

WATER DEMAND IN THE TOURIST SECTOR: THE CASE OF DODECANESE 317

VIDEO: WORLD WATER WAR 324

VIDEO: OUR LAST SHOT 324

BEIRUT ARAB UNIVERSITY

ACTIVATED CARBON FOR DEPOLLUTION OF HEAVY METALS 325

BIOREMEDIATION OF GOUND WATER FROM NITRATE IN BEKAA VALLEY 338

BIOSORPTION OF METHYLENE BLUE BY GREEN MARINE ALGAE 351

COLUMN STUDIES FOR REMOVAL OF METHYLENE BY MODIFIED BROWN MARINE ALGAE 363

CYBERTECHNOLOGY PIRACY AMONG LEBANESE 370

DE-POLLUTION OF ORGANIC DYES BY RED MARINE ALGAE AND ITS MODIFIED FORMS 382

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE MICROBIAL PRODUCTION OF GLYCEROL USING DATE 404


21 21 March 2011

MOLASSES

FOSTERING INNOVATION ENTREPRENEURSHIP THROUGH HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM IN MIDDLE

EAST AND MEDITERRANEAN REGION 418

INFLUENCE OF SENSORIC MARKETING FOR SHOPPING DECISION- ANALYSIS BASED ON THEIR STUDIES

INTERESTS 426

MICROBIAL PRODUCTION OF POLYHYDROXYBUTYRATE, A BIODEGRADABLE PLASTIC USING AGRO-

INDUSTRIAL WASTE PRODUCTS 433

SOCIAL NETWORKS: EFFECTIVE TOOLS FOR THE NEW GENERATION 442

THE OPTIMAL SOLUTION FOR MOBILE ENVIRONMENT USING MOBILE CLOUD COMPUTING 459

VALIDITY TESTING OF A NEWLY DEVELOPED INFECTION CONTROL DENTAL STANDARDS 467

CUKUROVA UNIVERSITY

EMPLOYABILITY; CULTURAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS ROLE IN THE CREATION OF TERTIARY

ECUCATION EMPLOYMENT 474

LINTELLIGENCE ET LA CRATIVIT 486

QUALITY OF EDUCATION, EMPLOYABILITY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH 495

THE INTERACTION BETWEEN HUMAN CAPITAL AND INNOVATION CAPABILITY TOWARD ECONOMIC

GROWTH: EMPLOYABILITY OF HUMAN CAPITAL WITHIN MEDA REGION 507

FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT, UNIVERSITY BUSINESS ACADEMY

UNIVERSITY AND THE LABOR MARKET (CURRENT STATE AND PERSPECTIVES) 519

INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL FOR SOCIAL AND BUSINESS STUDIES

COLLABORATION BETWEEN HIGHER EDUCATION AND REGIONAL ECONOMIES FOR EMPLOYMENT AND

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 526

CONNECTION BETWEEN UNIVERSITIES AND ENTERPRISES 532

EMPLOYMENT CHALLENGES 539

GOING TO COLLEGE YES OR NO 547

INFLUENCE OF ISLAM ON TURKISH FAMILY CULTURE 554

INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO ENTREPRENEURIAL LEARNING AT HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION 566

MASSIFICATION IN TERTIARY EDUCATION 574

SOCIAL NETWORKS AS A JOB SEEKING TOOL 581

MEDITERRANEAN CENTER FOR ARTS AND SCIENCES

KATHERINE FOLEY, MCAS 587


22 21 March 2011

POLITECNICO DI STUDI AZIENDALI UNIVERSITA PRIVATA A DISTANZA

SMART SWITCHES SYSTEM 589

SOLWA SOLAR WATER 599

TEACHING TOOLS FOR HIGHER EDUCATION 3D PROJECT 610

UNDERWATER LIVING UNIT 616

VEHICLE AT CONTEMPORARY STRETCHING AND CONTACTION ACTION OF THE LOWER AND UPPER

LIBS 625

UNIVERSIDAD DE MURCIA

ACCUMULATION AND TISSUE DISTRIBUTION OF HEAVY METALS AND ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS IN SEA

TURTLES FROM THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA 634

APPLICATION OF AN INNOVATIVE COMBINATION OF BIOFILTERS FOR PETROL STATION WASTEWATER

TREATMENT: A PILOT-SCALE STUDY 646

ASSESSMENT OF AIR QUALITY IN A TYPICAL MEDITERRANEAN UNIVERSITY. CAMPUS OF ESPINARDO, A

GREEN CASE STUDY 655

BIOSORPTION OF NICKEL (II) FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS USING POSIDONIA OCEANICA 661

CLINICAL TECHNOLOGIES BASED ON INTERNET OF THINGS TO SUPPORT A NEW GENERATION OF

PERSONALISED HEALTHCARE 670

COUNSELING FOR INDIVIDUALS AND SMALL STOCK INVESTORS: THE APPLICATION OF ICT. 680

TUDE ARODYNAMIQUE DE LA CARROSSERIE DUN VHICULE PROTOTYPE SOLAIRE POUR SHELL

ECO-MARATHON EUROPE 690

FLOOD PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR MEDITERRANEAN ENVIRONMENT 701

INFLUENCE OF AIR POLLUTION ON THE PICTORIAL ART. EFFECT OF NITRIC ACID IN PIGMENTS OF

ORGANIC ORIGIN. 708

NAVAL DOCUMENTARY HERITAGE AND THEIR DIFFUSION ON INTERNET: TOWARDS A BIG VIRTUAL

ARCHIVE ABOUT MARE NOSTRUM1 715

RURAL TOURISM IN THE REGION OF MURCIA 721

SELF-EVALUATION OF THE TEACHING PROCESS OF CANOEING USING THE INNOVATION

TECHNOLOGIES 727

THE ROLE OF MEDITERRANEAN MARINE PROTECTED AREAS AS TOOL FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENGINE

AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION 734

USE OF CONCRETE RESIDUES FOR THE PREPARATION OF REACTIVE PERMEABLE BARRIERS TO BE

USED FOR THE REMEDIATION OF WATERS CONTAMINATED BY HEAVY METALS. 741

UNIVERSIDADE FERNANDO PESSOA

SOCIETY AS A MAIN MOTOR OF SOCIAL LAW AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION

A PROPOSAL 751

THE ARAB WORLD AND THE PORTUGUESE-SPEAKING COUNTRIES A STUDY PROPOSAL 765


23 21 March 2011

USEFULNESS OF INTERCULTURAL STUDIES:

STUDYING ARABIC AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN PORTUGAL

766

UNIVERSITA DI PALERMO

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS:THE CASES OF SICILY AND

NORTH CAROLINA 772

ACETALDEHYDE AND REINFORCEMENT: EVIDENCE FROM THE OPERANT-CONFLICT PARADIGM 802

BERNARDINE EVARISTOS THE EMPERORS BABE: DE-ESSENTIALIZING EURO-MEDITERRANEAN

HISTORY. 808

LIMITS AND PERSPECTIVES OF SEA SHIPPING OF AGRO-FOOD PRODUCTS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN

BASIN. THE ROLE OF SICILY 815

POWER MANAGEMENT OF A STAND-ALONE HYBRID SYSTEM 824

EDUTAINMENT AND GENDER 836

UNIVERSITATEA PETRE ANDREI DIN IAI

ASPECTS OF ECONOMIC RATIONALITY IN THE ELECTORAL VOTING DECISION 844

CONDITIONS OF ACCESS TO PUBLIC OFFICE 851

CULTURAL IDENTITY AND THE CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION IN THE E.U. 858

EMPLOYABILITY AND HIGHER EDUCATION CURRICULA 864

EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMIC ACCOUNTS 870

GENERAL ISSUES RELATING TO THE STATE AS THE MAIN TOPIC OF PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW 874

INNOVATION AND EMPLOYABILITY A PERSPECTIVE OF HIGHER EDUCATION MARKETING 879

LE DEVELOPPEMENT SOCIAL DURABLE : LA CONTRIBUTION DES VALEURS ET DES ATTITUDES

CIVIQUES 886

LES INFLUENCES DU MILIEU CULTUREL SUR LES COMPORTEMENTS DACHAT ET DE CONSOMMATION 893

MENTORING MISSION WORK ETHICS OF THE TEACHING DEBUT 899

NEW TENDENCIES IN PSYCHO-GERIATRICS CARE 906

ON AGENT-BASED MODELLING IN ECONOMICS 913

PARENT COUNSELLING: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ISSUES 919

POST-NATIONAL HIGHER EDUCATION. THE ENTREPRENEURIAL UNIVERSITY1 931

REAL INCOME AND PRICE INIDICES AND THEIR CONNECTION TO THE OPTIMAL CHOICE OF GOODS BY

THE POPULATION 937

REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT WITHIN GLOBALIZATION. SEQUENCE STUDY REFFERING TO CENTRAL-EAST

EUROPE AND MEDITERRANEAN ZONE 945

RELATION BETWEEN MOTIVATION, SATISFACTION AND PROFESSIONAL PERFORMANCE 949


24 21 March 2011

SPECIFIC RELATIONSHIPS IN CAREER DECISION MAKING IN ADOLESCENCE 955

THE ADMINISTRATIVE CONSEQUENCES OF THE KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY 962

THE ANALYSIS OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES IN TOURISM 968

THE BASICS OF NON-FORMAL EDUCATION 977

THE ECONOMICS OF BUSINESS STRATEGIES OF TOURISM 984

THE GOOD READER AND THE BAD CRITIC: ALGERNON CHARLES SWINBURNES PRAISEOLOGY 990

THE IMPACT OF THE RITES OF PASSAGE IN THE CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY 997

THE OFFENCE OF DECEIT, THE MINOR REFORM (LAW NO.202/2010) AND THE NEW CRIMINAL CODE

(LAW NO. 286/2009) 1003

THE PROFILE OF THE ART CONSUMER AND HIS CHOICES.

A STUDY CONDUCTED IN THE ROMANIAN HIGH SCHOOLS.

1008

THE REFLECTION OF THE NATIONAL MINORITIES TERM IN INTERNATIONAL COVENANTS, TREATIES

AND AGREEMENTS 1014

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRESS AND THE HUMAN HEALTH 1020

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TECHNO- TERRORISM, TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION AND INTERNATIONAL

CRIMINAL LAW 1027

THE ROLE OF THE CASH FLOWS IN INVESTMENT DECISION 1034

THE ROMANIAN INTERWAR ESSAY: IDEAS AND IDEOLOGY 1043

THE UNIVERSITY AND THE KNOWLEDGE-BASED SOCIETY. AN IDEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS 1049

THE WESTERN EPISTEME IN POST-COMMUNISM 1055

THEORETICAL AND PRATICAL ISSUES REGARDING THE TRADE UNIONS IN THE ROMANIAN LAW

SYSTEM 1061

TRANSLATION AS A MEANS OF INNOVATION IN THE ACADEMIC WORLD 1066

USAGE CAPACITY SPECIALTY PRINCIPLE IN THE MATTER OF COMPANIES 1071

WHAT WAS MEANT BY AND WHAT CAME TO BE THE ROMANIAN UNIVERSITY* 1077

WHY IT WAS NECESSARY TO REGULATE THE MATRIMONIAL CONVENTION IN THE NEW ROMANIAN

CIVIL CODE 1082

UNIVERSITY OF PRIMORSKA

PROJECT PLANNING AND CAREER COUNSELLING FOR EFFECTIVE ENTRY INTO THE LABOUR MARKET 1088

RESISTANCES IN THE INTRODUCTION OF INNOVATIONS 1095


25 21 March 2011
denisStamp

A measurement of An-Najah national University Contribution to

Palestinian Local Community development From An-Najah Heads of Departments Perspectives

(Research Project)

Raghad Hani Kanan

,

Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences

An-Najah National University, Palestine

[email protected]

Introduction Higher education sector in Palestine suffers various drawbacks and constrains influencing its enhancement, due to quantitative ,qualitative expansion ,which eliminated its enhancement ,such as enrolment expansion , using old-fashion forms , lack of good planning, centralization, irrational prioritization in planning, and avoiding employing the "right man in the right place". All this lead to deteriorated services and educational utilities (Darwazeh,200,1999,UNDP). It has become evident that An-Najah university is adopting more modernized educational system with distinguished features e.g: flexibility, highly qualified staff, new programs, still it needs to fund more macro graduates projects and supporting scientific research. Hence, the university will lead a comprehensive societal development : social, economic and cultural .Besides, it will free the Palestinians minds and revive their tradition. Many national and global conferences focused on education for development", which is related to launching more positive educational systems to respond to the nations growth needs ,and cope up with update social and economic conditions . Development is sought by all Arabs to reach prosperity .As far as universities are the resources of knowledge and social progress ,they became vital to make economic, societal


26 21 March 2011

development and modernity, in addition to diversity and creating skillful and knowledgeable individuals(Imad,1987,p.77). Eidaroos (2007) discussed the universities role in serving the community in a direct manner by harmonizing the educational systems in a way to respond to the generations needs and modern trends , in other words, systems that suit development demands(khayyat,2005), in addition to working hard to reach interaction between educational institutions ,scientific research centers and special purposed institutions. Efforts of various life fields should be added to the universities (Shahata,2005,p26-27). This study highlights the role of An-Najah National University in developing Palestinian local community to provide prosperity for all people. Research Problem and Questions: The problem can be summed up in measuring the extent of An- Najah National University in developing Local Palestinian community in light of challenges and conflicts encountering higher education in Palestine either economic, political, cultural or technological. A set of standards are available to carry out the aims of the study. The study tries to answer the following questions: 1- To what extent did An-Najah National University support Palestinian local communitys progress and prosperity? 2- What is the role of An-Najah National University in overcoming problems banning university education from developing Palestinian local community and prosperity? 3- To what extent did An-Najah National University provide development projects to promote Palestinian local community and prosperity?

1- Theres no statistically significant relationship between An-Najah National University role in supporting education, and Palestinian local community progress and prosperity.

Null Hypotheses

2- Theres no statistically significant relationship between An-Najah National University

role in employing development projects in the educational process, and Palestinian local community's progress and prosperity.


27 21 March 2011

3- Theres no statistically significant relationship between An-Najah National University role in solving problems encountering university education, and Palestinian local community's progress and prosperity.

Aims: 1- Illustrating An-Najah National Universitys role in funding education, and Palestinian

local community's progress and prosperity. 2- Illustrating An-Najah National Universitys role in employing development projects in

the educational process, to achieve Palestinian local community's progress and prosperity.

3- Illustrating An-Najah National Universitys role in solving problems encountering

university education to achieve Palestinian local community's progress and prosperity.

Study Significance:

1- Theoretical contribution This studys importance has to do with its topic first, as there is a clear shortage in research in such domain. It aims to confirm the important role of education to draw a future image for building social prosperity. Table (1) : A comparison between this study and previous ones:

Current Study Previous Studies 1- Focuses on a set of variables Limited variables 2- Applied at An-Najah National University Applied on other universities 3- A descriptive, analytical study applied in Palestine.

Descriptive, exploratory applied in International and Arab environments

4- The questionnaire and Sampling are probable Interviews and Sampling are probable and improbable.

2- Practical contribution: This study will provide vital information for decision makers at the university. The Studys Model:


28 21 March 2011

1- The verbal model: this study deals with exploring the extent of An-Najah National University contribution to Palestinian local communitys progress and prosperity.

2- The chart model:

Limitations:

- This study is limited to An-Najah National University only. - The variables are:

The universitys role in: funding education, providing development schemes

pertaining education, and solving problems that university education may encounter to achieve progress and prosperity for Palestinian local community.

The study is limited to data collected from An-Najah Heads of Departments by completing a questionnaire.

The Studys Variables Practical Definitions:

1- Education fund: finance provided and spent for the sake of educational institutions (Jabr, 2002, p.12).

2- Development Projects: a university unit specialized in funding development programs,

providing consultation, research, expertise, qualifications and supporting public institutions (Continuing Education Center,An-Najah University).

3- Solving Educational Problems: can be summed in: academic, administrative,

economic, social and psychological problems that may a university student suffer (Hawamdeh, 1994.p.20).

1. Supporting Education 2. Development projects 3. Problem Solving

The Role of the University

Communitys Development and

prosperity


29 21 March 2011

4- Societal development: the mobilization and organization of community members and

groups for the sake of joint work in public consortiums in a democratic manner to solve societal problems , promote people socially and culturally to respond to their needs and to make the best use of human ,natural and financial resources (Badri,1978).

Methodology This study follows the descriptive, analytic method which depends on collecting, comparing and explaining data to find out results. Besides, it is intended to study links among its variables and to choose its causation. Procedure Studys Population: It consists of all An-Najah Universitys (52) Heads of departments registered up to the end of 2011 (Public Relations Department, Organizational Structure, 2011). Sampling Method Probabilistic Sampling is used Sampling Frame All the (52) OF An-Najah Universitys Heads of departments. Sample size:

It consists of (44) heads of departments. The size is determined using Morgan, krejcie formula ( 30> n >500 & Roscoe, 1975). Sample Type: Simple random sample is used here by:

1- Sampling frame 2- Drawing randomly from the frame. Information Resources 1- Primary resources: collecting data using a built questionnaire about the target groups

characteristics, independent and dependent variables.


30 21 March 2011

2- Secondary resources: publications (books, magazines, published research and M.A thesis).

Variables Standards & Measurement: The independent variable (the universitys role and contribution in funding education, providing development projects, solving university education problems) and the dependent (developing and progressing Palestinian local community) will be measured using Likert scale to analyze the questionnaires responses. 1- The role of the university in funding education: this variable will be measured under

the following categories: Loans and grants. Scientific research fund. The universitys role in connecting university education with the societal needs

using applied research. Technology investment in educational methods. The universitys role in providing training courses and conferences for staff.

2- The role of the university in solving university education problems by encountering : Lack of financial resources. Weak strategies. Weak teaching methods. Lack of highly qualified staff. Lack of modern expertise.

3- The role of the university in employing development projects in the educational process:

Funding development schemes. Providing highly qualified staff. Promoting official and private frames by providing luxurious projects. Utilizing modern technology in projects execution. Providing training courses addressing enhancing learners skills.

4- The role of the university in achieving progress and prosperity: The university's contribution to promote learners status, socially, culturally

and academically. The university role in providing modern technology for research. The extent of curricula compatibility. The universitys capability to respond to societal challenges and meet its

demands. The universitys capability to provide highly qualified human resources to

achieve the economic development. References:


31 21 March 2011

1. Badri, Ahmad Zaki (1978), "Social Sciences Dictionary

2. Jabr,Muein Hasan Abdul Rahman(2002),

", Lebanon Book store,Beirut.

A model for Funding Education in Palestine from the Parliament Members Perspective

3. Hawamdeh,Basem (1994),

, M.A Thesis, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.

Higher Studies Learners Troubles at The University of Jordan4. Khayyat, Muhammed Ghazal(1983), "

, P.H.D thesis, University of Jordan, Jordan. The Role of Higher Studies in Economic

& Social Development in Saudi Arabia5. Shahata,Hasan Sayyed(2005),

, A report. Standards Culture and University Education, A

research presented in the 17th

6. Othman, Salim Mahmoud Muhammad(2000),

scientific conference for the Egyptian Society of Curricula and Teaching methods, titled Education Methods and Standards, 26-27 July.

Higher Studies Learners Troubles in the West Bank

7. Imad,Hamed (1987),Higher Education in Social & Economic Development, Educational Studies, Modern Education Library, Cairo, folder 2,c 8.

", an M.A thesis, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.

8. Aydarous,Aziz Abdul Rahman (2007),"Higher Studies and Standardized Levels Under the Economic Changes and Knowledge Economy

9. Kerjcie, R. and Morgan, D(1970)"

", an analytic study, Educational Magazine, Folder 22, Issue 58,P 136-137.

Determining sample size for research activities"

educational and psychological measurement,30, 607-610.


32 21 March 2011

Competency Building of College Graduates: Challenges and Possibilities

Prof. Jawad Fatayer

[email protected]

, An-Najah National University, Palestine

College graduates of Arab Universities enjoy tremendous talents for learning and development. As any student community there have strengths and weaknesses which some relate to the individual while other factors belong to the educational system and the environment whereby the learning and socialization take place.

Personal genuine talents are always conditioned by the social environment and the institutional capacity to provide an opportunity for growth and development.

The Arabic Education System is in need for reform to be able to compete with the contemporary challenges and expectations which will be demonstrated by its outcomes; the graduates.

Its un-dismissible fact that college graduates in the Arab world lack certain competencies the market demands or the newly reformed institutions expect. Regardless of the major of the field of specialty, there are common global competencies college student needs and is expected to have to be able to compete and excel in today's real world as she/he graduates.

At An-Najah National University has realized its successes and achievements throughout the years as well as the challenges stem from its commitment for Quality Education. This comes from its vision as a leadership in higher education and its contribution into the sustainable development in Palestine.

Thus, NNU does not save any opportunity for development to improve its deliverables. One of the latest projects NNU has adopted is specifically designed to enhance graduates readiness for the market and improve their ability to contribute to the sustainable development of their community.

The Competency Development Project which was launched in Oct. 2010 targeting the entire student community as part of institutional development strategy. However, due to limitations


33 21 March 2011

in finance and human resources, the project focuses in the time being on the newly admitted students and on the senior graduates who are about ready to finish their study.

Approximately five hundred (500) students benefitted from the project between Oct-Dec, 2010 and over thousand (1000) students are expected to benefit from it during the period from Feb-May, 2011. The project plan anticipates approximately two thousand (2000) students to enroll in the workshops offered by this project every year.

The Nature of the Project:

The project integrates number of personal competencies in a practice-oriented workshops defined as university required courses. The elements of the project range from simple appearance skills up to leadership. The project is implemented through five modules as described below:

- Module one =basic behavioral competencies such as appearance, voice, etc, Community service, English language proficiency, Information Technology proficiency.

- Module two= Intelligent communication skills - Module three= Self Management skills - Module four= Relationship management skills - Module five= Leadership and decision-making skills

Challenges in Employability of Graduates:

The local market in Palestine under the occupation suffers from severe difficulties most of which are result of the Israeli occupation which had been for decades. The ability for this market to absorb college graduates is limited, thus creates an additional challenge before the university management as well as before the graduates and their families. The financial burden students suffer makes it an obligation for the university to limit the education costs to minimum affordable level which puts a pressure on the university to manage other needs and obligations. Its an additional challenge the NNU takes along with the expansion in its scientific research centers and programs since financial difficulties remain the theme.

However, the university has established an Alumni career service unit in Dec, 2005 to provide the gradates with job opportunity in addition to professional development training workshops. Additionally, the Alumni unit regularly, holds job fares inviting institutions and organizations to meet and interview graduates on campus. Job offers gained could be at the local as well as regional level in number of neighboring Arab countries.

The university has established a Competency Development Review Board in Oct, 2010 made of deans of colleges and some administrators and student representative along with


34 21 March 2011

representatives from the community ranging from private, government and NGO sectors. This board emphasizes mutual collaboration between NNU and the market community in addition to stressing upon the role of the organizations to provide internships for senior students on regular basis.

On the other hand the university provides the community with numerous professional consultations and services, given through faculty members from different fields.

The university considers the competency development project as a strategic initiative which will support the quality performance of its students as they graduate and to enhance their role as active citizens in the community.

The Competency-Based Learning/Teaching and the efforts to sharpen or fine-tune the personality of the student through competency training are just among the latest challenges NNU takes.

Despite all odds, NNU has ranked the first education institution in Palestine, the 5th in the Arab world by the webometrics, 1011th

The followings are the summary of the competency project:

Worldwide in Feb.2011 and lately the membership to the UN Academic Influence Program in March 2011.

This project predicates upon a single philosophy: science and work are two sides of the same coin.

Learn- Understand- Do, with focus on Learning how to Learn.

This competency development project draws upon different sources some of which are associated with international/ national frameworks of qualifications including:


35 21 March 2011

1. The Holy Quran and the Teachings of the Prophet(PBUH) concerning Science and Work (Global).

2. Competency- Based Education ( USA) .

3. National Sustainable Development Strategies (UN).

4. European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education (EU).

5. Over 20 years of experience in Clinical Sociology and Professional Development Training in USA and the Arab World.

The Vision of the Project:

When the quality of their university graduates is assessed, some universities value education and research, others believe in the value of 'on-the-job' training and others counts on personal talents as qualities necessary to make an outstanding professional and active citizen. At An-Najah National University (NNU) we aim to equip our students with all these components together in what we refer to as COMPETENCIES.

It is the vision of this office is to prepare students not only qualified in their field, but to graduate them with the competencies that will make them a more capable, more competent, and more employable graduate. As the leading institution of higher education in Palestine, and one that takes as its ultimate mission the amelioration of the Palestinian community, NNU realizes its responsibility to contribute to the process of building a modern, independent state in Palestine. This is achieved by instilling excellence and quality in its graduates and by providing the market with competent graduates who are able to demonstrate distinguished capabilities at the professional and personal level.

NNU believes that the Competency Based Education can contribute into the National Development Process as it prepares students to meet the 21st Century Global Challenges. The unemployment rate and the marginal contribution of young generation of college graduates in the Arab World and the surrounding neighborhood demonstrate a desperate need for a Paradigm Shift in the entire Education systems in the region. An-Najah National University has drawn the road map for such change. Practice oriented graduate is capable to take an active role at the local as well as at the global stage.

The Mission:

The office of president Asst. for Graduate Affairs seeks to prepare students to meet the community and the global challenges through the implementation and evaluation of competence students acquire during their university learning. Provide the market with well-


36 21 March 2011

educated, competent graduates who are able to play active role in the community through the following objectives:

The Objectives:

1 . Enhance students communications skills and self-confidence

2. Enhance self-management skills ,goal achievement ,success and other Emotional Intelligence skills.

3. Enhance relationship management skills, team work and other Social Intelligence skills.

4. Enhance leadership and decision making skills and impact on others.

5. Fine tune and sharpen students personality through providing opportunity to develop above skills.

6. Enhance students quality to perform with the competitive edge which will secure employment and independence.

7. Enhance students ability to contribute effectively into the national sustainable development process.

Deliverables:

After successful participation in the five phases of the competency building process, students are expected to acquire and demonstrate the following competencies:

1. Intelligent communications skills and manifested self confidence.

2. Self-management ,goal-achievement and other Emotional Intelligent skills.

3. Relationship management, team work and other Social Intelligent skills.

4. Leadership, decision-making and impact on others skills.

5. Character with distinguished and competitive competencies.

6. Increased the probability to secure and maintain career path .

7. Increase the probability of effective contribution into the National Sustainable Development Process.

Possibilities:


37 21 March 2011

Through the implementation of the competency development project and the ongoing efforts to provide senior graduates with the basic training on number of personal competencies, NNU graduates successful possibilities after graduating is expected.

Personal Competency training complements scientific readiness, thus increase not only employability of the student but students active participation in making better future for themselves and their families.

Competency assessment tools will be administered to measure the success rate and the status of the acquired skills. Competent entrepreneur is the ultimate deliverable.


38 21 March 2011

Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)

Building the resilience of nations and communities to disasters

Jalal Al Dabbeek, Earth Sciences and Seismic Engineering Center ,

An-Najah National University [email protected]

SUMMARY

First, the concept of disasters and their impact was introduced. The effects of disaster events can be elucidated by organizing them into four interrelated categories, physical, environmental, social, and economic. The physical effects of disasters include the effects on buildings, structures, physical property, industry, roads, and bridges. Environmental effects are effects on water, land/soil, land-use, landscape, crops, lakes/rivers, estuaries, forests, aquaculture, animals/livestock, wildlife, atmosphere, energy, and etc. The effects designated social includes effects on life, health, employment, relations, security, and peace. Economic effects include those on assets, deposits, reserves, income, commerce, production, and insurance. Next, the relationship between disasters and development was explained. Disaster and development impact each other in ways that are both positive and negative. Development can impact DRR by increasing vulnerability if the development is not carried out in ways that take into consideration disaster preparedness. However, development can also positively impact DRR if development incorporates the building of resiliency to disasters into its plans. In this way development can really be sustainable. Disasters can also impact the development process negatively by interrupting or destroying it and positively by providing or improving development opportunities. Keys for linking sustainable development and disaster risk reduction can be divided into two categories, good governance and capacity building. Good governance includes participation, the rule of law, transparency, responsiveness, consensus building, equity and inclusiveness, effectiveness and efficiency, and accountability. Capacity building includes training activities, disaster education programs, public information, technical assistance, the improvement of organizational abilities, dissemination of knowledge, and improvement of infrastructure. The presentation continued by breaking down the implementation strategies of disaster risk reduction programs which can be understood as stopping any increase of risk for new construction and infrastructures, starting to decrease the unacceptable risk for existing constructions and infrastructures, and continuing to prepare for the consequences of expected hazards.


39 21 March 2011
mailto:[email protected]

Then, the concept of risk assessment and how seismic risk is ranked was introduced and explained. The level of risk, which can be defined as the combination of the probability of an event and its negative consequences, depends on the relationship between three parameters, hazard, vulnerability, and capacity. A hazard can take the form of a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage. Vulnerability means the characteristics of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard. Finally, capacity is the combination of all the strengths, attributes, and resources available within a community, society or organization that can be used to achieve agreed-upon goals. At this point, risk assessment was connected to risk management in an integral way as assessment provides the means for understanding clearly the risk, whether it is a high, moderate, or low risk that is to be managed. The expected losses of a high risk warrant attention by senior management at all levels and a detailed inclusion is any disaster preparedness plan. In order to ensure adequate preparedness coordination with the other pertinent government entities, key stakeholders, and other UN and NGO/IO response agencies in contingency planning is highly encouraged. In the case of a moderate risk the hazard warrants attention and a scenario should be developed and included in a disaster plan. The required response may be of a magnitude that is well within the capacity of existing staff and personnel. Also, coordination with the other pertinent government entities, key stakeholders, and other UN and NGO/IO response agencies in-country may be warranted. The presentation went on to detail the following seismic hazard parameters, magnitude, depth, epicenter distance, and site effect. Site effect can further be broken down into the following factors: landslides, site amplification, liquefaction, and fault rupture. The presentation included examples of each type of factor in pictorial form. The negative impact of site effects can be lessened by effective land use policy. Following this, a case study of the seismic vulnerability of Palestinian common buildings was presented. The factors affecting the seismic vulnerability of buildings include building type, quality and workmanship, state of preservation, regularity, ductility, position, strengthening, earthquake resistant design, and site conditions. These were all further explained using examples taken from Palestinian common buildings. Part one concluded with the strategic goals of An-Najah National University related to DRR based on the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015. The strategic goals are the integration of disaster risk reduction into sustainable development policies and planning, development and strengthening of institutions, mechanisms and capacities, to build resistance to hazards, and the systematic incorporation of risk reduction approaches into the implementation of emergency preparedness, response, and recovery programs. The second part of the presentation was clarifying the methodology and concept of the rapid assessment of damaged buildings as well as how to increase the coping capacities in the post disaster damage assessment. Post disaster damage assessment includes classifying damages to building according to grades, 1 through 5, of increasing damage. The presentation included


40 21 March 2011

definition of each grade for two different types of buildings, masonry and reinforced concrete buildings, as well as picture examples of each grade.


41 21 March 2011

Employment Possibilities for An-Najah National Universitys

Graduates

Sahar Obeid, Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Economics and

Administrative Sciences, An-Najah National University

[email protected]

Abstract

This study addressed the issue of employment possibilities for students graduating from An-Najah National University. The study concluded that there is a large number of graduates which led to a gap between supply and demand in the local market. There are several reasons behind this including the fact that most graduates lack many skills such as work skills, teamwork skills, computer and internet skills, English skills and others. Also, the fact the type of education that students receive focuses less on the practical side and makes the students unable to stay up-to-date with the latest developments in their field of study. This can be attributed to the prevalent traditional academic teaching. Work force development in Palestine faces several obstacles especially in preparing skilled workers which would lead to develop the competitiveness in the Palestinian market. Statistics show that unemployment rates are growing inside the Palestinian work market especially among young people. Reasons behind the high unemployment rates are attributed to a number of factors including: The limited and small size of the market, its inability to cope with the growing population, the fact that the Palestinian society is considerably young, the absence of a database for the characteristics of supply and demand which would, if made available, help graduates choose their majors carefully, the fact that higher education graduates in Palestine lack adequate competency, skills and practical knowledge, in addition to the fact that most majors that are offered by Palestinian universities are considered classical, meaning that the more update and modern specializations that are mostly demanded by the market are not available to students. Introduction: The Palestinian graduates suffering continues as they seek to find a job that would secure their life, but whenever they do this they run into a difficult reality where the work market is limited. While the numbers of students who graduate every year are increasing, the rates of unemployment, market weakness, lack of investment and the global financial crisis are also escalating. After graduation students begin to look for job through contacting their friends to


42 21 March 2011

inquire about how to start, for example to whom they should send their CVs? What are their chances of getting a job? .....etc. Recently, several studies have addressed the issue of job opportunities for graduates. A 2004 study, for example, addressed the extent to which graduates of the Palestinian higher education meet the requirements of the Palestinian job market. The study depended on the data issued by the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics about the different Palestinian universities and showed that unemployment among graduates reached 25%. The study classified the unemployed into two groups: First, the unemployed who were laid off from their job which they joined after graduation; Second, the unemployed who did not have the chance to get a job at all. Several reason stand behind the lay off of employees such as the fact that many graduates lack the necessary skills and potentials for achieving excellence and success in their job which they seek to acquire during the transitional stage from the day of their graduation to the day they qualify for a job position. The studys problem: This study addresses the issue of the employment possibilities for An-Najah National Universitys graduates which is considered a very significant issue both for the University and the students. Getting a job after graduation is the primary reason that drives students to join the university since getting a job that matches their specialization is the way through which they can contribute actively in building their society. The University is concerned with providing the Palestinian society with qualified employees and experts in various fields; to achieve this, the University works hard to train and prepare its students to be able to engage in the work field in the future. The studys questions and topics:

1. Do graduates get job easily after graduation, and how long they have to wait to get one?

2. Are there any courses or training programs that aim to develop the graduates skills so that they become ready for work?

3. How does the University reinforce creativity and employment potentials for current students and graduates?

First topic: Do graduates get job easily after graduation, and how long they have to wait to get one? The results of a study conducted by the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics to survey the conditions of higher education and vocational training graduates in 2006 have shown that unemployment rate among individuals who hold a Bachelor Degree or higher (%22.1) with a (17.9%) in the West Bank and (27.9%) in Gaza Strip. The studys results also showed that between the years 1987-2005 graduates have searched for jobs immediately after graduation with (51.2% males) and (50.4% females) and only


43 21 March 2011

31.6% were able to find a job. The study also showed that the number of graduates in late 2005 reached almost 296,000 with 182,000 in the West Bank and 114,000 in Gaza. Moreover, approximately 60% of graduates who obtained a job said that personal relationships are the key factor to get a job. Also, 53.9% of them said the competition in interviews is the defining factor for getting a job, while 50.8% of them said it is scientific and professional excellence. Some said the reasons why they were unable to find a job was because of the limited personal relationships they have. Concerning An-Najah graduates, An-Najah University has been trying to develop the quality of education through activating its different centers including the Community Service Center, the Continuing Education Center and the Alumni Association in order to provide the students and graduates with training that would enable them to join the work market successfully later on. The percentage of employees who graduated from An-Najah University was 18% in 2008, and 20% under-training. (Hannon and Bitar 2008). According to Mr. Rafe Daraghmeh, Director of An-Najah Alumni Association, said the period that graduates wait after graduation until they get a job differs according to their different specializations; engineers and accountants for example find jobs much faster than others from other study fields such as Psychology. Second topic: Are there any courses or training programs that aim to develop the graduates skills so that they become ready for work? The Universitys concern with its graduates should be among its foremost priorities since graduates are considered as ambassadors for the University representing it wherever they are. Being successful in the work field and equipped with the needed skills and potentials reflect positively on the University. In response to the large number of graduates every year who seek employment at the local, regional and international institutions An-Najah University has established a number of centers to contact the local society and contribute to the provision of jobs to its graduates. Among these centers are the following: An-Najah Alumni Association: An-Najah Alumni Association was established to follow up on graduates, train them and help them join the job market through contacting the different institutions, ministries, education and higher education offices and others to allow graduates find suitable jobs and at the same time reduce unemployment rates in the country. The Alumni Association at An-Najah University consists of a number of sections including the Training and Guidance Section which aims to train graduates and guide them to know the needed administrative and professional skills. This section also works on offering different training courses in a variety of fields to shape the personality of the graduate. According to a 2008 study around 184 graduates were successfully employed since the establishment of the Association, 99 of whom were employed by institutions outside Palestine such as the United Arab Emirates and the Saudi Arabia, in addition to 85 inside Palestine.


44 21 March 2011

Among the courses offered by An-Najah Alumni Association are the following: Be Ready to Work course which aims to train the graduate on how to write the CV, prepare graduates to undergo job interviews, training on correspondences in Arabic and English, archiving files as soft and hard copies, time management, introduction to job law, the importance of dress and communication, how to maintain good relationships with managers and colleagues, the importance of English in the workplace and other topics. Your Computer at Work course: This course seeks to introduce the students to the basic concepts concerning computer skills, programs and software that students need at the workplace such as Microsoft Office, the internet, the email, graphic design software, Photoshop, Al-Shamel, Access and others. Third topic: Providing students with actual indications about the career future for the various academic specializations, reinforcing the partnership between the University and the different governmental and public institutions, and teaching the students on how to write their CVs in addition to the effective job seeking methods are considered among the most important issue that universities must consider in order to produce highly qualified graduates who meet the requirements of the local job market. It is worth mentioning that the steps toward preparing the students for the post-graduation stage must begin fro m the early stages of the students university study through providing them with consultancy and courses. This will help graduates contact the local institutions and companies and increases their awareness regarding the orientations of the job market and the most wanted specializations. By knowing exactly what the job market needs, graduates will be able to select the job position they see fit their qualifications and interest. To this end, the Training an Guidance Section works on guiding fresh students towards choosing the most suitable study field through special brochures. There are a number of things a student must consider before he / she chooses a certain major including: His / her personal interest, family guidance, high school average, his / her familys financial situation, how much a certain major is needed in the work field and the job possibilities that a given specialization allows. The Section also guides students on how to contact employee-seeking companies, how to write CVs and how to be prepared for job interviews. The University not only provides training for students, but it also offers special courses that would help them in the post-graduation job-seeking stage such as English in the Workplace course for engineering and economics students. Results:


45 21 March 2011

1- Unemployment among graduates is attributed to a number of factors some of which are related to the characteristics of the Palestinian higher education, while others are related to the characteristics of the local job market. The reasons related to the Palestinian job market are the distortions caused by the Israeli occupation policies over the last three decades.

2- The process by which students choose their university major is not based on a clear goal or long-term objective but rather on the idea of just getting a university degree regardless of any future considerations.

3- The inability of graduates to work or the inability to remain in his / her position due to a number of factors including his / her weakness in English (writing and speaking), weakness in computer skills, internet and other job-related skills.

4- The use of unfair ways such as cronyism, nepotism and personal relationships in hiring graduates.

5- Graduates lack adequate and enough practical experiences and skills due to the limited number of practical training opportunities during their university study and post-graduation stage.

Recommendations: 1- Guide the graduates and students who are expected to graduate in the job-seeking

process and to work on employing them as possible.

2- Work on providing the institutions and bodies that interested in employing the Universitys graduates with the graduates information, as well as the information of those who are expected to graduate.

3- To work on devising a mechanism to follow up on the employment of the Universitys graduates at the institutions that requested the graduates data.

4- Employers must consider objective standards when selecting candidates for the available positions.

5- The University must take into consideration the training of students during their study and familiarize them with the institutions that can employ them for a training period. This would enable the students to gain experience before they graduate so that they become ready to join the workplace. By training students, the University can get feedback that is essential in developing the curricula and extra-curricula programs.


46 21 March 2011

6- Offer consultancy and guidance programs in the school stage so that students can

choose the field of study that can qualify them immediately to the work field as soon as they graduate. This is combined with the follow up and guidance that students receive during their university study and the communication that the University maintains with the economical, social and cultural institutions to provide job opportunities for the graduates.


47 21 March 2011

EVALUATION OF ENERGY AND CO2

SAVINGS OF AN INSTITUTIONAL COLLECTIVE SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM IN PALESTINE

A. M. Yasin1, M. Al Sayed1, B. Yasin2 and H. Arafat3

University of Catania1-Italy, Palestinian Energy Centre2-Palestine and Masdar Institute3-Abu Dhabi-UAE

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

The collective solar water heater (SWH) system of the main cafeteria of Birzeit university -Palestine is evaluated in this paper in terms of utilized energy and the corresponding CO2

The utilized energy using the collective solar SWH system and the environmental protection offered by this most widely renewable energy application is presented. The results show that by using solar energy considerable amounts of greenhouse polluting gasses are saved.

savings. The system is equipped with required sensors and data logger which is scanned remotely by telephone line using tele-monitoring system.

The effectiveness of the system is calculated and it is found to be highly dependent on the consumption rate of water with other factors. The consumption rate is low compared to the capacity of the system which consequently degrades the efficiency. This is approved in the presented case study of a Crown Plaza Hotel- Amman which showed a higher CO2

savings with fewer collectors area.

Keyword: collective solar water heater (SWH), environmental impacts, CO2

savings , tel-monitoring system .


48 21 March 2011

1 INTRODUCTION

The shortage and high prices of energy sources have become a major obstacle to economic growth in Palestine. The imported fossil fuels and electricity continue to be one of the main problems to Palestinian economy. Palestine imports all its needs of petroleum products from Israeli market and about 92% of electrical energy from the Israeli Electric Corporation [PCBS 1999].

Solar water heaters (SWH) are extensively used in the residential sector in Palestine, in which 68.2% of households use solar family systems. Whereas, it is limited in the service and industry sectors. The existing installed capacity in all sectors is totaled to 1,533,000 m of which 7100 m in the service sector. This can produce 650 GWh annually with corresponding CO2

The energy consumption in service and building sector in Palestine and in all other developing countries represents a major part of energy bill, approximately equal to 75% [PEA 2010], in which hot water production and space heating have the maximum share. The electric water heating consumes the most electric power and emits the most pollutants during its life cycle [Taborianski and Prado 2004].

savings of 395,000 tons per year [PEC 2007].

Palestine lies on the western edge of the Asian continent on the eastern extremity of the Mediterranean sea, between 3420 3530 E and 3110 3230 N. The population of Palestine in 2009 was 3,935,249 inhabitants [PCBS 2010].

About 99.8% of the Palestinian population has access to grid electricity [PCDB 2008], with a small percentage is electrified by decentralized diesel generators. Few PV systems (70 kWp) were installed to provide electricity for some rural houses and street lighting including schools, clinics, mosques and some small communities.

Fig.1 illustrates Total primary Energy Supply (TPES) in the period between 1995 - 2004.

Fig. 1: Total primary energy supply by fuel and sector in Palestine

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1200

1400

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2004

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sand

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Electricity Petroleum Products Renewables


49 21 March 2011

Total Final Energy Consumption (TFEC) by fuel type and sector for the year 2004 is presented in Fig. 2.

Fig.2. Total Final Energy Consumption by Fuel Type and Sector for the year 2004

The monthly average solar energy of three different locations in Palestine is shown in Fig.3 (Ibrik 2007).

Fig.3: Monthly average solar energy of three location in Palestine

0100200300400500600700

Petroleum Products

Electricity Solar/Heat Biomass

669

22189,1 102,5K

TOE

Total Final Consumption by Fuel Type, 2004

Industry7,0%

Transport21,7%

Households & Other sectors71.3%

Total Final Consumption by Sector, 2004


50 21 March 2011

This paper is arranged as follows: Section 2 describe the collective SWH system of Birzeit university . Section 3 presents the measured data and discussion. Sections 4 and 5 calculates the utilized energy and corresponding environmental benefits, respectively. The conclusion is presented in section 6.

2. DESCRIPTION OF COLLECTIVE SWH SYSTEM

The collective SWH system provides the main cafeteria of Birzeit university with hot water. An auxiliary boiling system is installed to compensate the deficiency of water temperature in case of low radiation . The cafeteria serves around 7000 students. The system layout is shown in Fig.4.

Fig.4. Collective SWH system layout with the required measuring sensors

The collective SWH system is south-facing 45 slant with 148 m2

A tel-monitoring unit was installed in the above described system by Palestinian Energy Center (PEC) sponsored by European Commission under MEDA project. The data were

total collectors area, with 5 well- insulated 3000 Liters storage tanks each. The connection steel pipes are 2 inch diameter. An external flat plate heat exchanger is used.


51 21 March 2011

collected remotely using a special data logger connected with telephone lines. The data logger was installed on the solar system in addition to required measuring sensors.

The data is scanned every 10 minutes, it can record and store data for the last 10 days. Then data is processed by a special software programmed for this kind of application [MEDA project 2001].

Components of the data logger system are illustrated in the Fig. 5:

Fig. 5: Data logger Components

Positions of the various sensors are illustrated in Fig.4. The measured data: solar radiation (W/m), cold water temperature (TEF-C), solar tank outlet temperature (TSS-C), collector outlet temperature (TSC-C). or heat exchanger inlet temperature on the primary circuit, back up solar temperature (TSA-C), flow rate (Liter /10 min), primary and secondary pump operation.

3. MESUREMENTS AND DISCUSSION

Figs. 6-a, 6-b, 7-a and 7-b show the experimental results of a ten days obtained during March 25 at local time 12:10 PM until April 3,2006 at local time 11:58 PM.


52 21 March 2011

Fig.6-a: Temperature distribution in the SWH, solar radiation, and water flow consumption and primary pump work time from 25-30 March 2006

Fig.6-a show the values of temperature at different position of collective SWH system in addition to hot water consumption and duration time of primary pump in the periods extends from 25 March until 30 March.

Fig.6-b: Solar tank and collector exit temperatures in the SWH and solar radiation from 25-30 March 2006

Fig. 6-b shows the corresponding solar radiation of the same period with the solar tank (TSS) and collector exit (TSC) temperatures. Those temperature values are already shown in Fig. 6a

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Sec. pump Primary pumpCold Wat. Temp. Solar Tank temp,

Temp. (C) DHW (liters/ 10 mn)

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AM

TEF-cold water temp TSC-collect exit temp IRR-solar radiation


53 21 March 2011

and they are re-shown in Fig.6-b to illustrate the relationship between them and the solar radiation which is clear from the consequence of both dips in collector exit temperature (TSC) and solar radiation.

In fact the cold water (TEF) and the solar tank temperatures are the most important values that determine the amount of heat energy that can be utilized from the sun.

Fig. 6-b shows the amounts of solar radiations each 10 minutes for a 5 days. In general the solar radiation distribution follow the average values of Palestine as can be indicated from Fig.3.

Fig.7-a: Temperature distribution in the SWH, solar radiation, and water flow consumption and primary pump work time from 30March to 3 April 2006

Figs. 7-a and 7-b resemble the Figs. 6-a and 6-b, respectively. But the formers describe the experimental data of the period extends from 30 March until 3 April.

This study analyzes only the data from 8:00 AM to 4:00 PM, because it is mostly the effective period for any SWH system in Palestine as well as this is the working period of our field study.

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4/1/06 9:28 4/2/06 8:08 4/2/06 14:48 4/3/06 13:28

Primary pump Sec. pump Cold Wat. Temp.Solar Tank temp, Collector exit temp. Backup Solar Temp.Hot Wat. Flow Rate

Temp. (C) time (mn)

DHW (liters/ 10 mn)


54 21 March 2011

Fig.7-b: Solar tank and collector exit temperatures in the SWH and solar radiation from 30March -3 April 2006

4. ENERGY UTILIZED FROM COLLECTIVE SWH

The collective SWH system is used as a pre heater to electric/diesel boiler. This study is based on both energy sources of boiler.

The input energy in solar collectors can be calculated equation (1).

Ein = I.t. Atot/1000 .. (1)

Where:

Ein

I: Solar radiation, W/m

: Solar energy input to collector, kWh;

2

t: The time, hours;

Atot: Total area of the collectors, m2

The energy utilized from collective SWH can be calculated from equation (2):

.

Ecollect =TCp t = (TTSS TTEF)Cp t (2)

Where:

Ecollect

T: Temperature gradient, C;

: solar water heater Energy, kWh;

TTSS

T

: Solar tank temperature, C;

TEF: Cold water temperature, C;

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4/2/06 8:08 4/2/06 13:08

4/3/06 10:08

4/3/06 15:08

W/m2C ; tps (')Primary pump Solar Tank temp, Collector exit temp. solar radiation


55 21 March 2011

Cp: Specific water heat, kJ/kg C;

: hot water flow rate, kg/h.

The total energy utilized to heat the water is calculated using equation (2) and it is found to be 1158 kWh for the period of ten days at the specified working hours (8:00AM - 4:00PM) . The energy consumed by primary pumps are already subtracted from the total utilized energy. The total solar radiation ener

Documents

3rd EMUNI Research Souk 2011