4.04.0 Affections of nose and its Affections of nose and its treatmenttreatment

AtheromaAtheroma

Congenital disorder in equines resulting from the Congenital disorder in equines resulting from the aberrant location of epithelial tissue (sebaceous cysts). aberrant location of epithelial tissue (sebaceous cysts).

Epidermal inclusion cyst located in the posterio - dorsal Epidermal inclusion cyst located in the posterio - dorsal aspect of the nasal diverticulum aspect of the nasal diverticulum (false nostril).(false nostril).

cont.,cont.,

Cysts areCysts are• SoftSoft• FluctuatingFluctuating• Non painful Non painful • MobileMobile• Doesn’t affect the air way functions.Doesn’t affect the air way functions.• Ranges in size from 2 to 5 cm in diameter.Ranges in size from 2 to 5 cm in diameter.

TreatmentTreatment:: Drainage within the false nostril. surgical extirpationDrainage within the false nostril. surgical extirpation

Nasal polypsNasal polyps

They are space-occupying lesions. They are space-occupying lesions.

Symptoms:Symptoms:• Nasal discharge Nasal discharge • Necrotic odourNecrotic odour• Airway obstruction Airway obstruction • Necrosis of turbinates.Necrosis of turbinates.

Occasionally seen in Occasionally seen in horseshorses and and rarerare in other in other animals.animals.

EtiologyEtiology StranglesStrangles Accumulation of pus in the folds of bonesAccumulation of pus in the folds of bones Injury to nostrils/nasal bonesInjury to nostrils/nasal bones Complication of molar tooth root infectionComplication of molar tooth root infection

StranglesStrangles

SymptomsSymptoms: : Fetid purulent discharge-- unilateral.Fetid purulent discharge-- unilateral.

roaring noiseroaring noise..

Swelling of nasal chamberSwelling of nasal chamber

Ulceration and discoloration of boneUlceration and discoloration of bone

Swelling of sub maxillary lymph glands Swelling of sub maxillary lymph glands

TreatmentTreatment Removal and curettage by opening the nasal Removal and curettage by opening the nasal

chambers chambers

Nasal granuloma/polypNasal granuloma/polyp

Arise due to chronic inflammatory process associated Arise due to chronic inflammatory process associated with chronic irritation due to diseasewith chronic irritation due to disease

( Nasal schistostomiasis,( Nasal schistostomiasis, Rhinosporidiosis,Rhinosporidiosis, Tuberculosis, Tuberculosis, ActinomycosisActinomycosis Actinobacillosis) Actinobacillosis) or nonliving foreign body. or nonliving foreign body.

Growths are seen attached to the lateral wallGrowths are seen attached to the lateral wall..

Cont.,Cont.,

pair of male and female schistosomespair of male and female schistosomes

Cont.,Cont.,

Symptoms:Symptoms:• Nasal discharge.Nasal discharge.• Inspiratory dyspnoea.Inspiratory dyspnoea.• Stertor. Stertor. • Mouth breathing. Mouth breathing. • Extensive growth may cause atrophy of turbinates and Extensive growth may cause atrophy of turbinates and

facial deformity.facial deformity.

DiagnosisDiagnosis:: Direct examination / EndoscopyDirect examination / Endoscopy

Cont.,Cont.,

Treatment:Treatment: Excision, Excision, RhinotomyRhinotomy Trephining of nasal bonesTrephining of nasal bones TracheostomyTracheostomy. .

Antique Trephine Drill

Parasites of nasal chamberParasites of nasal chamber Linguatula serrataLinguatula serrata

Pneumonyssens caninumPneumonyssens caninum

They cause inflammation of nasal cavity and Para nasal They cause inflammation of nasal cavity and Para nasal sinusessinuses..

SYMPTOMS:SYMPTOMS:• Paroxysmal sneezing Paroxysmal sneezing • Serous nasal discharge.Serous nasal discharge.

Cont.,Cont.,

Cont.,Cont.,

Diagnosis Diagnosis Nymphal form of ova in nasal Nymphal form of ova in nasal discharge.discharge.

TreatmentTreatment:: Not effective, insecticides.Not effective, insecticides.

Linguatula serrata nymphLinguatula serrata nymph

Resection of nasal septum Resection of nasal septum (Equines(Equines))

Sub total resectionSub total resection of nasal septum Indicated for of nasal septum Indicated for space occupying lesions whichspace occupying lesions which alter airflow alter airflow through the nasal cavities.through the nasal cavities.

Cont.,Cont.,

CausesCauses : :Increased thickness of nasal septum, deviationsIncreased thickness of nasal septum, deviations Developmental-Developmental-

Cystic dilatation of septum, affection of incisive boneCystic dilatation of septum, affection of incisive bone Traumatic- Traumatic-

Fracture of septal cartilageFracture of septal cartilage Neoplastic -Neoplastic -

ChondromaChondroma

Cont.,Cont.,

TreatmentTreatment• TracheostomyTracheostomy• General Anesthesia & periosteal elevationGeneral Anesthesia & periosteal elevation

periosteal elevatorsperiosteal elevators

Necrosis of turbinatesNecrosis of turbinatesNecrosis of turbinates and sloughing of nasal Necrosis of turbinates and sloughing of nasal

mucous membranemucous membrane

Dorsal nasal andDorsal nasal andethomoid turbinatesethomoid turbinatesInvolvedInvolved

Radiograph reveals loss of detailsRadiograph reveals loss of details

Parasites in nasal cavitiesParasites in nasal cavities Oestrus ovisOestrus ovis in sheep in sheep

Cont.,Cont.,

Schistoma nasalisSchistoma nasalis in cattle in cattle

Schistosoma egg