4 May 2004 1

Can the world catch not really increase?

http://www.fao.org/fi/publ/circular/c920/intro.asp#A2

Species base statistics

4 May 2004 2

Landings of demersal marine fish has not grown since 1970s （ FAO1996)

http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/FAOINFO/FISHERY/publ/sofia/fig5e.asp

4 May 2004 3

Landings of small pelagic fish is still increasing with fluctuation

http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/FAOINFO/FISHERY/publ/sofia/fig4e.asp

anchoveta

sardine

chub mackerelAtlantic herring

4 May 2004 4

Fig. 1. Global trends of mean trophic level of fisheries landings, 1950 to 1994 Pauly et al. (Science1998:279:860;)

Fishing Down– Is this bad?

Marine areas

inland areas

Peruvian anchovy increased

mea

n tr

ophi

c le

vel Catch of lower trophic

levels is a smaller impact.Decrease of mean trophic level in environment is bad.

4 May 2004 5

Whales consume fish more than human(Tamura & Ohsumi 1997)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Fisherieslanding

Biomass ofWhales

Consumptionby whales

Mill

ion

tonn

es

Tooth whalesBaleen whales

4 May 2004 6

Two phenotypes of whales-fisheries competition idea

By Japan Gov.

Whales destroyWhales destroythe ocean.the ocean.

“...in a complicated food web structure, indirect effects of culling top predator (whales) on abundance of target fish is either positive or negative,...” 　 By Yodzis 2001 Trend Ecol Evol

Fisheries destroyFisheries destroythe ocean.the ocean.

4 May 2004 7

Who is more familiar with environment?Rich or poor nations?

Analysis of Ecological footprint （ source WWF 2002)

http://www.wwf.or.jp/activity/lpr2002/

EFP

World 2.28

High Income 6.48

Intermediate 1.99

Low income 0.83

EFP

Afganistan 0.95

Iraq 1.38

Israel 4.44

Germany 4.71

Japan 4.77

Canada 8.84

USA 9.70

EFP: global ha/person

4 May 2004 8

Pelagic fish stock is unstable-- species replacement --C

atch

in J

apan

(10

00 m

t) AnchovyHorse mackerelsPacific sauryChub mackerelSardine

Matsuda & Katsukawa 2002 Fish Oceangr