40gbps Over Twisted-pair Cabling

8/13/2019 40gbps Over Twisted-pair Cabling

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40Gbps over Twisted-Pair Cabling:

ApplicationValerie Maguire - Siemon

o arpe , - exans



• -

– Why > 10Gbps?

– 40Gbps approaches

– Changing the Ethernet

paradigm• Todd Harpel, RCDD -

Nexans

– a ng an ar sdevelopment

– Cate or 7 media overview

– Performance



’• Data centers and server clusters

– Storage rates are doubling every year – Server virtualization

– Short term need (in 3 – 5 years)

• Local area networks (LAN’s) – eo on- eman , gam ng, e c.

– High performance computing

– –• The time to start planning for

cabling is now!



• Fastest growing IT sector

• Significant IT infrastructure expenditure• According to Digital Realty Trust:

– “Data centers account for 35% of the

average IT budget in surveyed companies.” – n average, ata center u gets are

increasing nearly 7% this year”.

– “surveyed are planning data centerexpansions in the next 12 to 24 months.”

• Similar topologies and needs



• Low power consumption (< 4 watts)

• Reduced latency – “A 1-millisecond advantage in trading applications can

be worth $100 million a year to a major brokerage firm,by one estimate.” - Information Week

– “By 2010, more than half of all data centers will have torelocate to new facilities or outsource some

applications. Among the key drivers for this areincremental growth in the costs of cooling and powering

” - .



• Next incremental speed is

40Gbps• Current and proposed

solutions have multiple

concerns: – e nee e o suppor

100 meters is likely to be

sophisticated and power

hungry

– Twinax solutions rely on short

40GBASE-CR4)



• Eliminate or reduce

cancellation• Maintain no AXT cancellation

• Reduce

– PHY complexity – Line driver power

– Reduce the number of chokes

• Less power consumption

needs



• Physical characteristics

affect power consumption,complexity, and latency

• Some choices to make:

– Highest performing versus

category of cabling?

– Traditional 4-connector, 100

meter channel topology or atopology specifically targeted

environment?



•

been based upon “broadmarket potential”

• This can result in complicated

signal processing and moresophisticated electronics

• A more practical solution may

e to target t e g est gra eof cabling available



o tw are

18%R&D

5%

11%

IT Services

13%

17%

Salary/Benefits

* –



CablinCablin t icall re resents 2-3%

Other Other

of the hardware spend

o w are

18%R&D

5%

11%18%

11%R&D

5%

Hardw are

17%

erv ces

13%Hardware

17%

Services

13%

HardwareSalary/Benefits

36%Salary/Benefits

36%



100

60

70

80

30

40

50

u m

u l a t i v e

% L i n k s

0

10

20 C

“Sweet Spot”

Length (m)

*Data provide courtesy of Alan Flatman, principal consultant , LAN Technologies, UK



• 85% of channels are less

• 92% of channels are less

than 50 meters in len th

• Channels in the data

center typically contain

2-connectors



5 meters

(stranded)

(stranded)

20 - 40 meters

(solid)



• To satisfy the short term data

center need (3 to 5 years): – Specify 40Gbps Ethernet for

-

cabling

– Ado t a short len th cablintopology

• To satisfy the long term LAN

need (5 to 10 years): – Use gained knowledge to extend

- ,

topologies



• A combination of

innovative approachesmay be required

• GHz transmission

• Multi-Band FDM – Possibly 2 or 4 bands

– Independently optimized

– Simplex or duplex bands

– Eases analo desi n

Example FDM transmit signal components

provided courtesy of Dr. Scott Powell

• “Definitely do-able”

.



• Reduced dependence

upon DSP comparedto 10GBASE-T PHY’s

– e uce a ency an

power consumption

center and server

cluster to olo ies

• Most efficient ratio of

equipment-to-cabling

investment



• Bandwidth needs

continue to evolve•

Networking speeds

- together

copper beyond 10Gig?



• Penn State Universit Workshop - August

2009 – Leadin chi switch h sical media la ers

End Users

• Feasibilit of 40GBASE-T – Technical

–

– Backward Compatibility



Ethernet

Speed Over Time1,000,000

10,000

100,000

b / s )

1,000

t a R a t e ( M

10

D a

1

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

“Need for speed”



Cabling

Speed Over Time1,000,000

10,000

100,000

b / s )

• CAT 6A

1,000

t a R a t e ( M • CAT 6

• CAT 5e

10

D a

• CAT 3

• CAT 5

1

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020




• The next category hasalways been extrapolated

CAT Frequency Approved

CAT 3 16 MHz 1991

from the last category

• Category 6A designed to

CAT 5 100 MHz 1995

CAT 5e 100 MHz 1999

CAT 6 250 MHz 2002

Category 6

CAT 6A 500 MHz 2007



• Category 7 was createdsimultaneously with

CAT Frequency Approved

CAT 3 16 MHz 1991

Category 6 for the ISO/IEC

11801standard

CAT 5 100 MHz 1995

CAT 5e 100 MHz 1999

CAT 6 250 MHz 2002

Category 7A, Category 6A

for the ISO/IEC

CAT 6A 500 MHz 2007

CAT 7 600 MHz 2002

addendums z



Ethernet Cablin1,000,000

Speed Over Time

10,000

100,000

b / s )

• CAT 6A

40G • Cat 7A

1,000

t a R a t e ( M • CAT 6

• CAT 5e

10

D a

• CAT 3

• CAT 5

1

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020




CAT 7A PerformanceUpgrade Path

CAT 3 CAT 5e CAT 6 CAT 6A CAT 7A

Bandwidth 16 MHz 100 MHz 250 MHz 500 MHz 1000 MHz

Essential

advancementNEXT

FEXT,

PSXT, RL,

Frequency

Balance,

Frequency

Alien Xtalk,

Frequency

Shielding,

Frequency

Attenuation

100m,

at max f

13 dB/100m 22 dB/100m 33 dB/100m 45 dB/100m 57 dB/100m

AWG 24 24 23 23 23 +



• Individually Shielded Pairs

–

• Overall braid and foil

– Alien crosstalk eliminated

• Capable of higher frequencytransmission without interference



- -

• RJ45 “style” – GG45

- -

• Non-RJ45 “style” – TERA™

– Backward compatible to

Cat 6A

– ARJ45• Residential broadband

communications systems – y

• Coax substitution andcable sharing of multiple



• Compatibilit through h brid patch cords



• 10GBASE-T and Categor 6 UTP

– TSB-155

• 40GBASE-T and Category 6A

–

40GBASE-T?



-

Relative margin over distance

a r

g i n ,

d B

S / N CAT6A

FTP

0

0 50 100

Distance, % of max



When will we get there?

erver orecas

12

14

16

n s8

10

M i l l i

2

4

6

0

2 0 0 0

2 0 0 1

2 0 0 2

2 0 0 3

2 0 0 4

2 0 0 5

2 0 0 6

2 0 0 7

2 0 0 8

2 0 0 9

2 0 1 0

2 0 1 1

2 0 1 2

2 0 1 3

2 0 1 4

2 0 1 5

2 0 1 6

2 0 1 7

2 0 1 8

2 0 1 9

2 0 2 0

100M 1G 10G 40G 100G

Source: Intel & Broadcom (Nov 2007)



*Total Ethernet Links Supportable with

Optical Fibre Links

Copper Cabling*

25

30100GBE to 10m Copper

40GBE to 30m Copper

10GBE to 100m Copper ( m

i l l i o n s

15

20

1GBE to 100m Copper

c e

s s l i n k

10

l i e n t - t o - A

0

5

0 7

0 8

0 9

1 0

1 1

1 2

1 3

1 4

1 5

1 6

1 7

1 8

1 9

2 0

T o t a l C

2 0

2 0

2 0

2 0

2 0

2 0

2 0

2 0

2 0

2 0

2 0

2 0

2 0

2 0

* Assumes minimum 30m reachSource: Alan Flatman, principal consultant , LAN

Technologies, UK



• Cabling and Networking speeds

continually increase - together •

• Category 7A cabling is a likely candidate

technology – 40G



Questions?

Documents

40gbps Over Twisted-pair Cabling