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43 One tuning fork is struck and placed next to an identical fork. The
two forks do not touch. The second tuning fork starts to vibrate
because of —
F interference
G the Doppler effect
H resonance
J standing waves
44 The pitch of a sound made by plucking a guitar string is
determined by the —
A frequency of the vibration produced
B strength of the plucking force
C distance between the strings
D shape of the guitar body
46 When trying to spear a fish in water, a person needs to take into
account the way light bends as it moves from water into air. The
bending of light as it passes from one medium into another is
known as —
F reflection
G refraction
H diffraction
J polarization
Laser Light Striking a DVD
47 When a DVD is read, laser light touches the DVD surface and is
then measured at location A. What allows light to return to location A
after striking the DVD surface?
F Conduction
G Refraction
H Magnification
J Reflection
48 An empty cup was tightly covered with plastic wrap, and a few grains
of salt were sprinkled on top of the plastic. When a tuning fork was
struck and placed slightly above the plastic wrap, the salt began to
move. Which characteristic of waves does the movement of the salt
best demonstrate?
A Echo formation
B Diffraction
C Resonance
D Specular reflection
49 The diagram shows waves approaching a barrier. Which pattern will be formed after
the waves pass through the opening in the barrier?
A C
B D
50 A tuning fork with a frequency of 256 Hz vibrates when struck.
Because of these vibrations, a nearby tuning fork begins to vibrate
without being struck. Which of the following best accounts for the
vibration of the second tuning fork?
F Resonance
G Polarization
H Diffraction
J Refraction
51 Diverging lenses are useful to people who suffer from
nearsightedness because the lenses can cause images of distant
objects to be focused on the retina. Lenses allow images to be
focused on the retina because of —
F diffusion
G reflection
H diffraction
J refraction
52 A guitar player is seated next to a piano. The piano player strikes an
E key on the piano. The guitarist reports that this causes the E string
on his guitar to vibrate. What is the name of this phenomenon?
A Polarization
B Resonance
C Reflection
D Diffraction
53 A surface wave generated by an earthquake was recorded at Seismic Station 1.
Forty seconds later the same wave was recorded at Seismic Station 2. What
accounts for the time difference?
F The origin of the wave is closer to Seismic Station 1.
G The speed of the wave decreases with distance.
H The wavelength is longer at Seismic Station 2.
J The wave frequency increases when the wave passes through soil.
54 Which process best shows the conversion of solar energy to
chemical energy?
F Prevailing winds causing windmills to spin
G Green plants making their own food
H Uranium producing heat to make steam
J Tides generating electricity
55 What is the potential energy of the rock?
A 59,900 joules
B 64,600 joules
C 93,100 joules
D 121,600 joules
56 Which of the following is an example of solar energy being
converted into chemical energy?
F Plants producing sugar during the day
G Water evaporating and condensing in the water cycle
H The sun unevenly heating Earth’s surface
J Lava erupting from volcanoes for many days
57 Why is the sum of the products’ energy in this reaction less than
the sum of the reactants’ energy?
A Energy is given off as heat.
B The products absorb available energy.
C Energy is trapped in the reactants.
D The reactants’ energy is less than the melting point of glucose.
58 An inventor claims to have created an internal combustion engine
that converts 100 kJ of chemical energy from diesel fuel to 140 kJ of
mechanical energy. This claim violates the law of conservation of —
F momentum
G inertia
H energy
J mass
59 Assuming the chart contains all energy transformations in the Earth
system, how much solar radiation goes toward evaporating water?
F 40,000 terajoules
G 92,410 terajoules
H 121,410 terajoules
J 133,410 terajoules
Solar Radiation and Earth
Effect
Amount of Energy
per Second
(terajoules)
Solar radiation reaching Earth 173,410
Radiation reflected back into
space 52,000
Radiation heating atmosphere,
landmasses, and oceans 81,000
Radiation producing winds
and ocean currents 370
Radiation used in
photosynthesis 40
Radiation resulting in
evaporation of water ?
60 According to the equation E = mc2, mass —
F travels at the speed of light
G can be transformed into energy
H contains light energy
J is doubled when exposed to light
61 What is the approximate difference in gravitational potential energy
of the two shaded boxes?
F 19 J
G 39 J
H 59 J
J 79 J
62 The temperature of the water increases by 8°C when the metal
block is added. Which could cause the temperature of the water to
increase by 10°C after the metal block is added?
F Using 500 g of water
G Using a larger beaker
H Adding more 20°C water
J Adding heat to the metal block
Temperature
(°C)
Mass
(g)
Metal Block 120 100
Water 20 400
63 Because ancient Greeks lived close to water, they may have enjoyed
a more constant climate than if they had lived inland. Water
warms up and cools down more slowly than land. This is because of
water’s —
F boiling point
G specific heat
H melting point
J specific gravity
64 How much heat is lost by 2.0 grams of water if the temperature
drops from 31°C to 29°C? The specific heat of water is 4.184 J/g·°C.
A 4.0 J
B 6.2 J
C 8.4 J
D 16.7 J
65 Heat convection occurs in gases and liquids. Heat convection
does not occur in solids because solids are unable to —
A absorb heat by vibrating
B transfer heat by fluid motion
C emit radiation by reflecting light
D exchange heat by direct contact
66 A solar heater uses energy from the sun to heat water. The heater’s
panel is painted black to —
F improve emission of infrared radiation
G reduce the heat loss by convection currents
H improve absorption of infrared radiation
J reduce the heater’s conducting properties
67 The moon’s surface becomes hot during the long lunar day
because the sun transfers heat to the moon. This heat transfer is
accomplished almost entirely through the process of —
F convection
G refraction
H conduction
J radiation
69 Container P and Container Q each were filled with 0.5 liter of
water. The water was heated to 90°C. The table shows the
temperatures after both containers were allowed to cool for 3
minutes. Compared to Container Q, Container P is a better —
A conductor
B absorber
C radiator
D insulator
Temperatures of Water in
Different Containers
Container
Initial
Temperature
(°C)
Final
Temperature
(°C)
P 90 83
Q 90 76
70 The transfer of heat by the movement of air currents in Earth’s
atmosphere is an example of —
A conduction
B convection
C radiation
D fusion
71 An increase in greenhouse gases is considered harmful because it —
A allows more heat to be trapped in the lower atmosphere
B depletes carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
C releases energy trapped inside Earth
D destroys light energy that plants need for photosynthesis
72 Which of these activities can help conserve natural resources?
F Recycling cardboard boxes
G Washing small loads of laundry
H Driving large cars
J Building wooden fences
73 In West Texas and Southern California, high winds drive turbines
that generate electricity. One advantage that wind energy has
over energy generated from solar cells is that wind energy —
A is plentiful everywhere
B can be generated at night
C produces cleaner energy
D is free of environmental hazards
74 Battery-powered cars produce less air pollution than gasoline-
powered cars. However, one environmental concern of using
battery-powered cars is that batteries —
A are heavier than gasoline engines
B waste more energy than gasoline engines
C contain toxic substances that are difficult to dispose of
D produce direct current rather than alternating current
76 This picture shows a small section of a solar power plant. Which of
these decreases the energy production at such power plants?
F Cloudy skies
G Ozone in the air
H Hot weather
J Low humidity
77 Which of these produces most of the compounds responsible for
causing acid rain?
A Nuclear fission
B Fossil fuels
C Solar cells
D Windmills
78 Before 1992, in order to prevent hydrogen gas from being produced,
the zinc powder in some alkaline batteries was covered with
mercury. Mercury is toxic to many life-forms. Which of the following
best explains how mercury from batteries got into the environment?
A Newly manufactured batteries were transported long distances.
B Operating batteries increased the temperature of conductors.
C Used batteries discarded in landfills decomposed.
D Voltage loss occurred between battery terminals.
79 One economic benefit of using rechargeable batteries instead of
disposable batteries is that rechargeable batteries —
F are cheaper to manufacture
G can be packaged in small containers
H can be used many times
J generate their own electricity
80 Electric power plants that burn fossil fuels generate billions of tons of
carbon dioxide and other gases. How might replacing these power
plants with solar cells affect the environment?
A The amount of water vapor in the atmosphere might increase.
B Less land might be needed to produce the same amount of
electricity.
C Forest fires resulting from highly flammable emissions might be
avoided.
D The amount of released gases that trap atmospheric heat might
be reduced.
81 The typical automobile’s kinetic energy is converted to heat energy
when the brakes are applied. A braking system that converts kinetic
energy to electrical energy instead of heat energy has been
designed. The electrical energy can be used later to move the car
again. How does a system like this benefit the environment?
F Greater use of solar energy
G Ability to harness wind energy
H Decreased use of fossil fuels
J Use of renewable hydroelectricity
82 Heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, and nickel are often found
in landfills and occasionally leach into rivers, lakes, and other bodies
of water. Such heavy metals are toxic to wildlife and to humans.
Which of the following sources of environmental contamination is
most often associated with these heavy metals?
F Batteries
G Plastics
H Automobile exhaust
J Tobacco smoke
83 Which of these is an advantage of producing electricity using solar
power plants rather than using coal-fired power plants?
A Solar power plants can operate for about 10 hours per day.
B Solar power plants can produce variable amounts of energy.
C Solar power plants produce fewer pollutants.
D Solar power plants require continuous sunlight.
84 Which of these devices uses the sun’s energy directly?
A Windmill
B Hydroelectric dam
C Nuclear power plant
D Photovoltaic cell
85 A company has decided to market itself as environmentally friendly.
If the company is going to sell calculators, the use of which energy
source would produce the fewest by-products and the least waste?
F Rechargeable batteries
G Solar cells
H Dry-cell batteries
J Tesla coils
Objective 5 Answer Key
Question Correct Answer
Objective
Measured
Student
Expectation Source - item number
1 A 5 IPC 4A 2002 Info Booklet – 14
2 D 5 IPC 4A 2004 Info Booklet – 25
3 D 5 IPC 4A 2003 TAKS – 27
4 F 5 IPC 4A 2003 TAKS – 42
5 B 5 IPC 4A 2003 TAKS – 45
6 H 5 IPC 4A Apr 2004 TAKS – 54
7 C 5 IPC 4A Jul 2004 TAKS – 21
8 A 5 IPC 4A Jul 2004 TAKS – 41
9 H 5 IPC 4A Apr 2006 TAKS – 12
10 J 5 IPC 4A Apr 2006 TAKS – 18
11 J 5 IPC 4A Apr 2006 TAKS – 32
12 C 5 IPC 4A Oct 2005 TAKS – 7
13 J 5 IPC 4A Oct 2005 TAKS – 26
14 D 5 IPC 4A Oct 2005 TAKS – 41
15 J 5 IPC 4A Oct 2005 TAKS – 50
16 H 5 IPC 4A Feb 2006 TAKS – 22
17 H 5 IPC 4A Feb 2006 TAKS – 26
18 C 5 IPC 4A Feb 2006 TAKS – 49
19 D 5 IPC 4A Feb 2006 TAKS – 51
20 G 5 IPC 4A Jul 2006 TAKS – 24
21 B 5 IPC 4B 2004 Info Booklet – 22
22 C 5 IPC 4B 2003 TAKS – 11
23 C 5 IPC 4B Apr 2004 TAKS – 41
24 F 5 IPC 4B Jul 2004 TAKS – 12
25 490 5 IPC 4B Jul 2004 TAKS – 20
Objective 5 Answer Key
Question Correct Answer
Objective
Measured
Student
Expectation Source - item number
26 J 5 IPC 4B Jul 2004 TAKS – 38
27 G 5 IPC 4B Apr 2006 TAKS – 52
28 D 5 IPC 4B Oct 2005 TAKS – 11
29 G 5 IPC 4B Oct 2005 TAKS – 44
30 G 5 IPC 4B Feb 2006 TAKS – 46
31 J 5 IPC 4B Jul 2006 TAKS – 8
32 630 5 IPC 4B Jul 2006 TAKS – 20
33 C 5 IPC 4B Fall 2005 TAKS – 17
34 C 5 IPC 4D 2002 Info Booklet – 13
35 B 5 IPC 4D 2004 Info Booklet – 23
36 G 5 IPC 4D 2003 TAKS – 48
37 F 5 IPC 4D Apr 2004 TAKS – 46
38 G 5 IPC 4D Jul 2004 TAKS – 10
39 H 5 IPC 4D Apr 2006 TAKS – 22
40 C 5 IPC 4D Apr 2006 TAKS – 29
41 F 5 IPC 4D Apr 2006 TAKS – 50
42 B 5 IPC 5B 2004 Info Booklet – 21
43 H 5 IPC 5B 2003 TAKS – 32
44 A 5 IPC 5B Apr 2004 TAKS – 55
45 B 5 IPC 5B Jul 2004 TAKS – 7
46 G 5 IPC 5B Jul 2004 TAKS – 14
47 J 5 IPC 5B Apr 2006 TAKS – 6
48 C 5 IPC 5B Apr 2006 TAKS – 17
49 B 5 IPC 5B Oct 2005 TAKS – 3
50 F 5 IPC 5B Oct 2005 TAKS – 32
Objective 5 Answer Key
Question Correct Answer
Objective
Measured
Student
Expectation Source - item number
51 J 5 IPC 5B Feb 2006 TAKS – 24
52 B 5 IPC 5B Jul 2006 TAKS – 39
53 F 5 IPC 5B Fall 2005 TAKS – 42
54 G 5 IPC 6A 2003 TAKS – 14
55 C 5 IPC 6A 2003 TAKS – 41
56 F 5 IPC 6A Apr 2004 TAKS – 12
57 A 5 IPC 6A Apr 2004 TAKS – 37
58 H 5 IPC 6A Apr 2004 TAKS – 48
59 F 5 IPC 6A Apr 2004 TAKS – 52
60 G 5 IPC 6A Oct 2005 TAKS – 52
61 G 5 IPC 6A Feb 2006 TAKS – 38
62 J 5 IPC 6A Fall 2005 TAKS – 8
63 G 5 IPC 6A Fall 2005 TAKS – 18
64 D 5 IPC 6B 2004 Info Booklet – 24
65 B 5 IPC 6B 2003 TAKS – 43
66 H 5 IPC 6B 2003 TAKS – 50
67 J 5 IPC 6B Apr 2004 TAKS – 8
68 J 5 IPC 6B Apr 2004 TAKS – 42
69 D 5 IPC 6B Jul 2004 TAKS – 43
70 B 5 IPC 6B Jul 2006 TAKS – 13
71 A 5 IPC 6B Fall 2005 TAKS – 27
72 F 5 IPC 6D 2003 TAKS – 54
73 B 5 IPC 6D Apr 2004 TAKS – 45
74 C 5 IPC 6D Jul 2004 TAKS – 49
75 J 5 IPC 6D Jul 2004 TAKS – 54
Objective 5 Answer Key
Question Correct Answer
Objective
Measured
Student
Expectation Source - item number
76 F 5 IPC 6D Apr 2006 TAKS – 4
77 B 5 IPC 6D Apr 2006 TAKS – 37
78 C 5 IPC 6D Oct 2005 TAKS – 39
79 H 5 IPC 6D Feb 2006 TAKS – 2
80 D 5 IPC 6D Feb 2006 TAKS – 13
81 H 5 IPC 6D Feb 2006 TAKS – 16
82 F 5 IPC 6D Feb 2006 TAKS – 44
83 C 5 IPC 6D Jul 2006 TAKS – 9
84 D 5 IPC 6D Jul 2006 TAKS – 19
85 G 5 IPC 6D Jul 2006 TAKS – 28