44 4 41 21/23/2 - media.pearsoncmg.com · 34 382 8(2)23 364 104 32 33 3 81 81 3 yy y dy dx dx 208; 34(42)/322 324/3 y Iy x z dz dy dx 34 3(4 2 ) (4 2 )32 464 322 2 32 381 3 3 81 3

Copyright 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 1117

CHAPTER 15 MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

15.1 DOUBLE AND ITERATED INTEGRALS OVER RECTANGLES

1. 4 22 4 2 22 2

1 0 1 10 12 16 8 24xy dy dx xy dx x dx x

2. 1 22 1 2 22 21

20 1 0 01 0( ) 2 4x y dy dx xy y dx x dx x

3. 2 1 00 1 0 0 2

21 1 1 1 11( 1) (2 2) 2 1xx y dx dy yx x dy y dy y y

4. 22 2 2 33

1 11 1 1 1 5 5 22 6 2 6 2 6 6 30 0 0 0 00

1 x yx y y yxdx dy x dy dy y

5. 3 2 33 2 3 32 16 163 3 30 0 0 0 00

4 4 16yy dy dx y dx dx x

6. 2 2 30 33 0 3 32 2 2 2 22 30 2 0 0 02

2 4 2 2 0x y xx y xy dy dx xy dx x x dx x

7. 1 1 1 11 10 010 0 0 0

ln |1 | ln |1 | ln |1 | ln |1 | 2 ln 2 1yxy dx dy xy dy y dy y y y y

8. 4 44 4 4 42 1/2 3/28 9212 4 3 31 0 1 10 1

(4 4 ) 4x y dx dy x x y dy y dy y y

9. ln 5 ln 2ln 2 ln 5 ln 2 ln 22 2 2 2 1 2 2 15 312 2 20 1 0 01 0

5 (5 )x y x y x x x xe dy dx e dx e e dx e e e

10. 2 11 2 1 12 3 3 3 31

2 2 2 2 20 1 0 01 0x x x x xx y e dy dx x y e dx x e dx x e e

11. 22 /2 2 2/2 2 31

0 2 21 0 1 1 1sin cosy x dx dy y x dy y dy y

12. 2 2 2 200

(sin cos ) cos cos (2 cos ) 2 sin 2x y dx dy x x y dy y dy y y

13.

44 442

1 1 11 11

ln (ln ) 1 ln ln 22 2 2

x ee

x

x x ydx dy dy dyxy y y

1118 Chapter 15 Multiple Integrals

Copyright 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

14. 222 22 22

11 1111

3ln ( ln ) (2ln 2 1) (2ln 2 1) 3ln 22 2

yy

xx y dy dx x y y y dx x dx

15. 1 11 12 2 2 2 22 20 0 00 00

(2 ) 3cc c cx y dx dy x xy dy c cy dy c y y c

2 322 6 (2 3)( 2) 0c c c c c or 2c

16. 22 2 2 2

20 1 10 11( 1) 2 2 2 2 1 4 4

c cc cxxy dy dx y y dx x dx x x c c c

2 2 3 ( 3)( 1) 0 3c c c c c or 1c

17. 1 2 1 12 2 3 2 2 10 00 0 0 0

6 2 6 2 [2 2 ] (16 4 ) [16 2 ] 14R

y x dA y x dy dx y x y dx x dx x x

18. 2 2

2 44 2 4 4 1/2 3/2 81 12 3 30 1 0 0 01

x x xyy y

RdA dy dx dx x dx x

19. 11 1 1 2

01 0 1 1 1cos cos sin cos ( 2 ) 0

Rxy y dA x y y dy dx x y y x y dx x dx x

20. 0 000

sin( ) sin( ) cos( ) sin( )R

y x y dA y x y dy dx y x y x y dx

0 0sin( ) cos( ) sin cos( ) sin( ) cos 4x x x dx x x x

21. ln 2 ln 2ln 2 ln 2 ln 2 ln 2 ln 2 ln 2 120 0 0 00 0

x y x y x y x x x x

Re dA e dy dx e dx e e dx e e

22. 2 2 2 1 22 1 2 2 21 1 1 1 1 12 2 2 2 2 20 0 0 0 00

3x y x y x y x x

Rx y e dA x y e dy dx e dx e dx e x e

23. 3 3 4

2 2 22

211 2 1 1 24

0 0 0 01 1 14 1 00

2 ln 1 2ln 2x y x y x y xx x xx

RdA dy dx dx dx x

24. 2 2 2

11 1 1 11 1 1 1 21 10 2 4 20 0 0 01 ( ) 1 0

[tan ( )] tan tan ln |1 | ln 2y yx y x y

RdA dx dy x y dy y dy y y y

25. 2 2 2 2 21 1 1

1 1 1 1(ln 2 ln1) (ln 2) (ln 2)xy x xdy dx dx dx

Section 15.1 Double and Iterated Integrals Over Rectangles 1119


26. 11 1 1 1 1 200 0 0 0 0

cos sin sin cos ( 1 1)y xy dx dy xy dy y dy y

27. 28.

29. 1 11 1 1 12 2 2 3 2 3 81 2 2 23 3 3 3 31 1 1 11 1

( , ) 2R

V f x y dA x y dy dx x y y dx x dx x x

30. 2 22 2 2 22 2 2 3 2 388 881 23 3 3 30 0 0 00 0

( , ) 16 16 2R

V f x y dA x y dy dx y x y y dx x dx x x

1603

31. 1 11 1 1 12 23 31 12 2 2 20 0 0 00 0

( , ) (2 ) 2 1R

V f x y dA x y dy dx y xy y dx x dx x x

32. 2 24 2 4 4 4

02 40 0 0 00( , ) 1 4y y

RV f x y dA dy dx dx dx x

33. /2 /4 /2 /2/400 0 0 0

( , ) 2 sin cos 2 sin sin 2 sinR

V f x y dA x y dy dx x y dx x dx

/2

02 cos 2x

34. 2 11 2 1 12 3 16 16 161

3 3 3 30 0 0 0 00( , ) 4 4

RV f x y dA y dy dx y y dx dx x

35. 2 3 22 3 22 3 2

0 11 0 11

9 2793 2 2

x

x

kkx y dx dy x y dx ky dy ky k

Thus we choose 2/27.k



36. /20

sin y dy is some number, say .a Then 1 /2 1

0 11sin 0x y dy dx a x dx

since the integral of

the odd function x over an interval symmetric to 0 is equal to 0.

37. By Fubini’s Theorem,

2 11 2

0 00 011 12

0 00 0

1 1

1 2 3ln(1 ) ln(1 2 ) ln(1 2 ) 1 ln 3 12 2

yy

x xdx dy dy dxxy xy

xxy dx x dx x

38. By Fubini’s Theorem,

1 33 10 00 0

3 31 3 300 00

1 4 16.086

xy xy

yxy x xy

xe dx dy xe dy dx

e dx e dx e x e

39. (a) MAPLE gives 1 2

300

13( )

y x dx dyx y

and

2 1

300

2 .3( )

y x dy dxx y

This does not contradict

Fubini’s Theorem since the integrand is not continuous on the region : 0 2, 0 1.R x y

40. Since f is continuous on ,R for fixed u ( , )f u v is a continuous function of v and has an antiderivative with

respect to v on R, call it ( , )g u v . Then ( , ) ( , ) ( , )y

cf u v dv g u y g u c

and

( , ) ( , ) ( ( , ) ( , )) .x y x

c aaF x y f u v dv du g u y g u c du

( ( , ) ( , )) ( , ) ( , ).x

x aF g u y g u c du g x y g x c

x

Now taking the derivative with respect to ,y we get

( ( , ) ( , )) ( , ).xyF g x y g x c f x yy

To evaluate yxF we use Fubini’s Theorem to rewrite ( , )F x y as ( , )y x

acf u v du dv

and make a similar

argument. The result is again ( , ).f x y

15.2 DOUBLE INTEGRALS OVER GENERAL REGIONS

1.

2.

Section 15.2 Double Integrals Over General Regions 1121


3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9. (a) 32 80 x

dy dx (b) 1/38

0 0y

dx dy

10. (a) 3 20 0

xdy dx (b)

6 30 /2y

dx dy

11. (a) 23 30

xx

dy dx (b) 90 /3

yy

dx dy

12. (a) 20 1

xedy dx (b)

2 21 lne

ydx dy

13. (a) 90 0

xdy dx

(b) 23 90 y

dx dy



14. (a) /4 1

0 tan xdy dx

(b) 11 tan

0 0y

dx dy

15. (a) ln 3 10 xe

dy dx

(b) 1 ln 31/3 ln y

dx dy

16. (a) 1 1 10 0 1 ln

ex

dy dx dy dx

(b) 10 0

yedx dy

17. (a) 1 3 20

xx

dy dx

(b) 1 3 (3 )/20 0 1 0

y ydx dy dx dy

18. (a) 22 21

xx

dy dx

(b) 1 30 1 2

y yy y

dx dy dx dy

19. 00 0 0( sin ) cos xx y dy dx x y dx

2

20 0( cos ) (cos sin )xx x x dx x x x

2

2 2



20. 2 sinsin 21

2 20 0 0 00sin

xx yy dy dx dx x dx

1 1 14 4 2 40 0

(1 cos 2 ) sin 2x dx x x

21. lnln 8 ln ln8

1 0 1 0

yy x y x ye dx dy e dy

ln8ln81 1

( 1)y y y yye e dy y e e

8(ln 8 1) 8 8ln 8 16e e

22. 2 3 2 22 2 23 21 1 1

y y yy

dx dy y y dy

8 7 3 51 13 3 2 3 2 62

23. 221 13 2

0 0 0 03 3

yy xy xyy e dx dy y e dy

3 3 11 2 2 30 0

3 3 2y yy e y dy e y e

24. 4 4/ /3 3

2 21 0 1 0

xx y x y xe dy dx xe dx

44 3/23 3 22 2 31 1

( 1) ( 1) 7( 1)e x dx e x e

25. 2 2 2 22 321 1 1

ln (ln 2) ln 2x xx

xyxdy dx x y dx x dx

26. 3 3 311 1 1 1 1(1 ) (1 )2 2 2 2 2 33 3 30 0 0 0 00

(1 )xx y x xx y dy dx x y dx x x dx x x dx

43 4 1(1 ) 1 1 1 1

3 4 12 3 4 12 60

0 0 0xx x



27. 2 211 1 1 1 1 22 20 0 0 00

(1 )uu v u uv u dv du v u du u u du

2 2 3 11 1/2 3/2 3/2 5/21 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 12 2 2 2 6 3 5 2 2 6 3 5 2 5 100 0

u u u uu u u du u u

28. 2 2 2ln2 ln 2 22 41 0 1 10 1

ln ln ( ln ln ) ln lntt s s t te t ds dt e t dt t t t dt t t t t

1 14 4(2 ln 2 1 2ln 2 2) 1

29. 0 0 02 2 2

2 2 2 2v v

vvdp dv p dv v dv

022

2 8v

30. 22 11 1 1 2

0 0 0 08 4

sst dt ds t ds

3 11 2 83 30 0

4 1 4 ss ds s

31. /3 sec /3 sec0/3 0 /3

3cos (3cos )t tt du dt t u

/3/3

3 2dt

32. 2

4 23/2 4 2 3/24 2 2 40 1 0 1

uu u uvv

dv du du

3/23/2 2 920 0

(3 2 ) 3u du u u

33. 4 (4 )/22 0

ydx dy



34. 0 22 0

xdy dx

35. 210

xx

dy dx

36. 1 10 1

yy

dx dy

37. 1

1 lne

ydx dy

38. 2 ln

1 0x

dy dx

39. 129 9

0 016

yx dx dy



40. 4 40 0

xy dy dx

41. 21 1

1 03

xy dy dx

42. 22 4

2 06

yx dx dy

43. 10 y

ee

x y dx dy

44. 11/2 sin 2

0 0y

x y dx dy

45. 3 3

1 ln( )

ex

x y dy dx



46. /3 3

0 tan xx y dy dx

47. sin sin0 0 0 0

sin 2yy y

y yxdy dx dx dy y dy

48. 2 2 22 20 0 0

2 sin 2 siny

xy xy dy dx y xy dx dy

2 2 200 0

2 cos 2 cos 2yy xy dy y y y dy

22 20

sin 4 sin 4y y

49. 1 1 1 12 20 0 0 0 0

xxxy xy xyy

x e dx dy x e dy dx xe dx

2 2 2 11 212 2 20 0

x x x exe x dx e

50. 2 2 22 4 4 4

4 40 0 0 0y yx yxe xey ydy dx dx dy

2 2 2 2 84 44 4 12(4 ) 2 4 40 00 0

y y yyx e e e e

y dy dy

51. 2 22 ln 3 ln 3 ln 3 2

0 /2 0 0xx x

ye dx dy e dy dx

2 2 ln 3ln 3 ln30 0

2 1 2x xxe dx e e

52. 23 33 1 1 3

0 /3 0 0yy y

xe dy dx e dx dy

3 3 11 20 0

3 1y yy e dy e e



53. 1/41/16 1/2 50

cos 16y

x dx dy

41/2 1/25 4 50 0 0

cos 16 cos 16x

x dy dx x x dx

5 1/2sin 16 1

80 800

x

54. 3

3 4 4

8 2 21 10 0 01 1

yx y y

dy dx dx dy

3

4

22 ln 17414 40 1 0

ln 1yy

dy y

55. 22R

y x dA

0 1 1 12 21 1 0 1

2 2x xx x

y x dy dx y x dy dx

1 10 12 2 2 21 12 21 01 1

2 2x x

x xy x y dx y x y dx

0 2 2 2 21 12 21

( 1) 2 ( 1) ( 1) 2 ( 1)x x x x x x dx

1 2 2 2 21 12 20

(1 ) 2 (1 ) ( 1) 2 ( 1)x x x x x x dx

0 13 2 3 21 0

4 4x x dx x x dx

4 3 4 3

4 3

0 1

4 3 4 31 0

( 1) ( 1) 3 81 1 4 24 3 4 3 12 12 12 3

4 4

4 4 8

x x x x

56. 2/3 2 1 20 2/3

x xx x

Rxy dA xy dy dx xy dy dx

2 22/3 12 21 12 20 2/3

x x

x xxy dx xy dx

2/3 13 3 2 31 1 12 2 20 2/3

2 (2 )x x dx x x x dx

2/3 13 2320 2/3

2x dx x x dx

2/3 14 2 33 3 16 8 6 27 36 16 132 2 4 28 3 8 81 3 9 3 27 81 81 81 81 810 2/3

1x x x

57. 3 3 43 3 42 11 2 1 1 (2 ) (2 )2 2 2 2 7 2 73 3 3 3 12 120 0 0 0

2xx y x xx x x

x xV x y dy dx x y dx x dx

7 162 1 43 12 12 12 30 0



58. 22 2 11 2 1 12 2 2 4 3 3 5 42 1 1

3 5 42 2 2 22

xxx x

V x dy dx x y dx x x x dx x x x

16 32 16 40 15 320 384 240 189 632 1 1 123 5 4 3 5 4 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 20

59. 2 21 4 1 14 2 2 234 3 4 4

( 4) 4 4 4 4 3 12x x

xxV x dy dx xy y dx x x x x x dx

11 3 2 4 3 27 7 64 157 6251 1 14 3 4 3 3 3 4 124 4

7 8 16 4 16 12 64x x x dx x x x x

60. 2

2 2 242 4 2 2 2 42 20 0 0 00

(3 ) 3 3 4xx y xV y dy dx y dx x dx

3 22 13 8 16 9 8

2 2 6 2 6 6 304 6 sin 2 6 4 3x xx x x

61. 3 22 3 2 22 2 2 30 0 0 00 0

4 4 12 3 12 24 8 16V y dx dy x y x dy y dy y y

62. 2

2 2 44 22 4 2 2 22 2 2 212 2 20 0 0 0 00

4 4 4 8 4xx y xV x y dy dx x y dx x dx x dx

23 5 32 32 480 320 96 1284 13 10 3 10 30 150

8 16x x x

63. 4 222 2 2 2 (2 )2 3 3 240 0 0 00 0

12 3 12 24 12 (2 ) 24 6 20xx xV y dy dx y y dx x x dx x x

64. 0 1 1 1 0 12 21 1 0 1 1 0

(3 3 ) (3 3 ) 6 1 6 1 4 2 6x xx x

V x dy dx x dy dx x dx x dx

65. 2 1/ 2 2 21/ 21 1 11/ 11 1/ 1 1 1

( 1) 1 1 2 1 2 lnx x

x x x xxV x dy dx xy y dx dx dx x x

2(1 ln 2)

66. 3 3sec/3 sec /3 /32 sec3 30 0 0 00

4 1 4 4 secxx y xV y dy dx y dx x dx

/32 23 307 ln sec tan sec tan 7 ln 2 3 2 3x x x x

67.



68.

69. 3 3 3

11 ln1 1 11 1 1 1

lim lim 1 1x x

by xx be x y x x b be

dy dx dx dx

70. 22

2 2 2

1/ 11 1/ 1 1 12 1 121 1/ 1 1 1 01/ 1 1 1 1

(2 1) 4 lim sin 4 lim [sin 0]x bx

x x x b by dy dx y y dx dx x b

2

71. 2 22 21 11 2 1

0 01 11 12 lim tan tan 0 2 lim

b

y yx y b bdx dy b dy dy

1 1 222 lim tan tan 0 (2 )

bb

72. ( 2 ) 2 20 0 0 00

lim lim 1bx y y x x y b b

b bxe dx dy e xe e dy e be e dy

2 21 12 20

lim 1y bb

e dy e

73. 31 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 14 2 8 8 4 4 2 8 4 32( , ) , 0 (0, 0) , 0 0

Rf x y dA f f f

74. 7 9 7 13 9 13 1281 11 11 14 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 16 16( , ) , , , , (29 31 33 35) 8

Rf x y dA f f f f

75. The ray 6 meets the circle 2 2 4x y at the point ( 3, 1) the ray is represented by the line

3.xy

Thus, 3/222 3

343 4 32 2 2

30 / 3 0 3 3 30

( , ) 4 4 4 4xx x x

xR

f x y dA x dy dx x x dx x

20 39



76. 1/3

2 2 22 2/3

22 3( 1) 3 31 1 1( 1) 12 0 2 2 2 2( 1) 0

6 6 limby dx

x x x xx x x x x xx x y bdy dx dx dx dx

126 lim ln( 1) ln 6 lim ln( 1) ln ln 1 ln 2 6 lim ln 1 ln 2 6ln 2b

bb b bx x b b

77. 3 21 2 12 2 230 0

xx yx x

V x y dy dx x y dx

3 43 3 4 11 (2 ) (2 )2 7 2 73 3 3 12 120 0

2 x xx x xx dx

7 162 1 43 12 12 12 30 0

78. 2 2 2

2 2 2 2 21 1 1 1 10 0 0 / 2 /1 1 1

tan tanx y

x y yy y yx x dx dy dx dx dy dx dy

1

2 2

2 2212 2 2 1 21 12 20 21 1 0 2

ln 1 2 tan ln 1y

y

y ydy dy y y y

1 2 11 1 12 2 2ln 5 2 tan 2 ln 1 4 2 tan 2 ln 5

ln 51 1 21

2 22 tan 2 2 tan 2 ln 1 4

79. To maximize the integral, we want the domain to include all points where the integrand is positive and to exclude all points where the integrand is negative. These criteria are met by the points ( , )x y such that

2 24 2 0x y or 2 22 4,x y which is the ellipse 2 22 4x y together with its interior.

80. To minimize the integral, we want the domain to include all points where the integrand is negative and to exclude all points where the integrand is positive. These criteria are met by the points ( , )x y such that

2 2 9 0x y or 2 2 9,x y which is the closed disk of radius 3 centered at the origin.

81. No, it is not possible. By Fubini's theorem, the two orders of integration must give the same result.

82. One way would be to partition R into two triangles with the line 1.y The integral of f over R could then be written as a sum of integrals that could be evaluated by integrating first with respect to x and then with respect to y:

( , )R

f x y dA

1 2 ( /2) 2 2 ( /2)0 2 2 1 1

( , ) ( , ) .y yy y

f x y dx dy f x y dx dy

Partitioning R with the line 1x would let us write the integral of f over R as a sum of iterated integrals with order dy dx.



83. 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2b b b b b b b bx y y x y x x y

b b b b b b b be dx dy e e dx dy e e dx dy e dx e dy

2 2 22 2 2

0 02 4 ;

b b bx x xb

e dx e dx e dx

taking limits as b gives the stated result.

84. 2 2 3

2/3 2/3 2/3 2/3

11 3 3 1 3 31 13 30 0 0 0 0 0( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1)0

dyx x xy y y y

dy dx dx dy dy

2/3 2/3

33 1/3 1/31 13 30 ( 1) ( 1) 01 1 1 1

lim lim lim ( 1) lim ( 1)bb dy dy

by y bb b b by y

1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 3 31 1

lim ( 1) ( 1) lim ( 1) (2) (0 1) 0 2 1 2b b

b b

85–88. Example CAS commands: Maple: f : (x,y) - 1/x/y;

q1: Int( Int (f(x,y) y 1..x), x 1..3);

evalf(q1);

value(q1);

evalf( value(q1) );

89–94. Example CAS commands: Maple: f : (x,y) - exp(x^2);

c,d: 0,1;

g1: y - 2*y; g2: y - 4;

q5: Int( Int( f(x,y), x g1(y)..g2(y) ),y c..d );

value(q5);

plot3d(0, (x g1(y)..g2(y), y c..d, color pink, style patchnogrid, axes boxed, orientation [-90,0]

scaling constrained, title "#89(Section 15.2)" );

r5 : Int( Int( f(x,y), y 0..x / 2), x 0..2 ) Int( Int( f(x, y 0..1), x 2..4 );

value( r5);

value(q5-t5);

85–94. Example CAS commands: Mathematica: (functions and bounds will vary) You can integrate using the built-in integral signs or with the command Integrate. In the Integrate command,

the integration begins with the variable on the right. (In this case, y going from 1 to x). Clear[x, y, f]

f[x_, y_]: 1/ (x y)

Integrate[f[x, y], {x, 1, 3}, {y, 1, x}]



To reverse the order of integration, it is best to first plot the region over which the integration extends. This can be done with ImplicitPlot and all bounds involving both x and y can be plotted. A graphics package must be loaded. Remember to use the double equal sign for the equations of the bounding curves.

Clear[x, y, f]

Graphics`ImplicitPlot`

ImplicitPlot[{x 2y,x 4, y 0, y 1},{x,0,4.1}, {y,0,1.1}];

2f[x_, y_]: Exp[x ]

Integrate[f[x, y], {x, 0, 2}, {y, 0, x/2}] Integrate[f[x, y], {x, 2, 4}, {y, 0, 1}]

To get a numerical value for the result, use the numerical integrator, NIntegrate. Verify that this equals the original.

Integrate[f[x, y], {x, 0, 2}, {y, 0, x/2}] NIntegrate[f[x, y], {x, 2, 4}, {y, 0, 1}]

NIntegrate[f[x, y], {y, 0, 1}, {x, 2y, 4}] Another way to show a region is with the FilledPlot command. This assumes that functions are given as

y f(x).

Clear[x, y, f]

Graphics`FilledPlot`

2FilledPlot[{x ,9},{x,0,3}, AxesLabels {x,y}];

2f[x_, y_]: x Cos[y ]

Integrate[f[x, y], [y, 0, 9], {x, 0, Sqrt[y]}]

85. 3 1

1 10.603

xxy dy dx 86. 2 21 1

0 00.558

x ye dy dx

87. 1 1 10 0

tan 0.233xy dy dx 88. 21 1 2 2

1 03 1 3.142

xx y dy dx

89. Evaluate the integrals: 21 4

0 2x

ye dx dy

2 22 /2 4 10 0 2 0

x x xe dy dx e dy dx

41 14 4 2 erfi(2) + 2 erfi(4)e

61.1494 10

The following graph was generated using Mathematica.

90. Evaluate the integrals:

23 9 92 20 0 0

cos cosy

xx y dy dx x y dx dy

sin(81)4 0.157472




91. Evaluate the integrals:

3

3 22 4 2 82 2 2 20 0 /32

y xy x

x y xy dx dy x y xy dy dx

67,520693 97.4315


92. Evaluate the integrals: 22 4 4 4

0 0 0 0y xxy xye dx dy e dy dx

20.5648


93. Evaluate the integrals: 22 1

1 0x

x y dy dx

1 2 4 21 10 1 1x y x yy

dx dy dx dy

2741 ln 0.909543


94. Evaluate the integrals: 3

3 2 2 2 2

2 8 81 11 1 1

xy x y x y

dx dy dy dx

0.866649


15.3 AREA BY DOUBLE INTEGRATION

1. 2 22 2 2

20 0 0 0(2 ) 2 2,

x xdy dx x dx x

or 2 2 20 0 0

(2 ) 2y

dx dy y dy

Section 15.3 Area by Double Integration 1135


2. 22 4 2 2

0 2 0 0(4 2 ) 4 4,

xdy dx x dx x x

or 4 /2 4

20 0 04

y ydx dy dy

3. 21 1 22 2 2

2y

ydx dy y y dy

3 2 1

3 22

2y y y

8 91 13 2 3 22 2 4

4. 2 3 22 2 2 230 0 0

2y y yy

dx dy y y dy y

8 43 34

5. ln 2ln 2 ln 2

0 0 0 02 1 1

xe x xdy dx e dx e

6. 2 ln11 ln 1

ln lne x e e

xdy dx x dx x x x

( ) (0 1) 1e e

7. 2

2

11 2 1 2 2 3230 0 0

2 2y y

ydx dy y y dy y y

13

8. 2

21 1 1 2 21 2 2 1

1 2 2yy

dx dy y y dy

3 11 2 43 31 1

1 yy dy y



9. 2 3 2 30 0

1y y

yydx dy x dy

22 20 0

(2 ) 4y dy y

10. 2 ln 2 ln11 1 0

1y y

yydx dy x dy

2 2221 1

(ln 1 ) ln 2 yy y dy y y y

122 ln 2

11. 1 2 2 30 /2 1 /2

1 1x x

x xdy dx dy dx

1 22 3/2 /20 1x x

x xy dx y dx

1 23 32 20 1

3x dx x dx

1 22 23 3 34 4 20 1

3x x x

12. 1 40 1 2

1 1x x

x xdy dx dy dx

1 420 1

x xx xy dx y dx

1 40 1

2x x dx x x dx

1 43/2 2 3/2 2 132 1 2 13 2 3 2 30 1

2x x x x x

13. 2 3

2

66 2 6 23 90 /3 0 0

2y y y

ydx dy y dy y

216936 12

14. 2 33 2 3 2 2 33 12 30 0 0

3x xx

dy dx x x dx x x

27 92 29

Section 15.3 Area by Double Integration 1137


15. /4 cos

0 sinx

xdy dx

/4 /400

(cos sin ) sin cosx x dx x x

2 22 2 (0 1) 2 1

16. 22 2 2 21 1

2yy

dx dy y y dy

2 3 28 1 1

2 3 3 2 31

2 2 4 2y yy

912 25

17. 0 1 2 11 2 0 /2

x xx x

dy dx dy dx

0 221 0

(1 ) 1 xx dx dx

2 20 231

2 4 2 21 01 (2 1)x xx x

18. 22 0 40 4 0 0

xx

dy dx dy dx

2 42 1/20 0

4 x dx x dx

3 2 43/2 8 16 3223 3 3 3 300

4 8xx x

19. (a) average 2 2 21 1 1

00 0 0 0sin ( ) cos( ) cos( ) cosx y dy dx x y dx x x dx

2 21 1

0sin( ) sin ( sin 2 sin ) ( sin sin 0) 0x x

(b) average 2 222

/2 /21 2 20 20 0 0 0

sin ( ) cos( ) cos cosx y dy dx x y dx x x dx

2 2 232 2 4

2 2 20sin sin sin sin sin sin 0x x

20. average value over the square 2 11 1 1 1 1

2 2 40 0 0 000.25;xy xxy dy dx dx dx

average value over the quarter circle 2

2 2

4

11 1 1 1 31 4 220 0 0 00

xx xyxy dy dx dx x x dx

2 4 12 1

2 4 200.159.x x

The average value over the square is larger.



21. average height 3 32 22 2 2 22 2 2 2 8 4 81 1 1 14 4 3 4 3 2 3 3 30 0 0 0 00

2y x xx y dy dx x y dx x dx

22. average 2 2 2

2 ln 22 ln 2 2 ln 2 2 ln 2 2 ln 2ln1 1 1 1 1ln 2 ln 2 ln 2 ln 2(ln 2) (ln 2) (ln 2)ln 2

ln 2 ln ln 2 ln ln 2yxy x xdy dx dx dx

2 ln 2 2 ln 21 1 1ln 2ln 2 ln 2 ln 2ln 2

ln (ln 2 ln ln 2 ln ln 2) 1dxx x

23. The region R is shaded in the following figure.

0 1 2

1

2

x

y

222 224 2 2 1

2 00 0

1 4 (2 ) 4 2sin 2 2,2 2 2

xx

R

x x xdA dy dx x x dx x x

where

we use integration by parts with 24u x and 1/2dv to find 24 .x dx Geometrically, the region R

is a quarter of a circle of radius 2 with a triangle of area 2 removed, giving area 2.

24. The area of the region R is 4 times the shaded in the following figure.

0 1 2

1

2

x

y

The area integral will be easy to compute in polar coordinates, but in rectangular coordinates the calculation is

awkward.

2 2

2

1 24 41 010

3 2 3 34 1 1 4 4 32 12 3 2 4

x x

xR

dA dy dx dy dx

(As in Exercise 23, use integration by parts to evaluate the integrals 24 x dx and 21 .x dx )

Geometrically the area is the difference between the area of a circle of radius 2 and the area of a circle of radius 1, or 4 3 .

25. 2 22 2

5 0 5 0 510,000 2 25 2 5 5 01 11 1

10,000 1 10,000 1y

x xx xe dx dx dxdy dx e e

0 52 22 25 0

10,000 1 2 ln 1 10,000 1 2 ln 1x xe e

2 2 25 5 72 2 210,000 1 2 ln 1 10,000 1 2 ln 1 40,000 1 ln 43,329e e e

Section 15.4 Double Integrals in Polar Form 1139


26. 2 2

2 21 2 1 1 12 2 30 0 0 0

100( 1) 100( 1) 100( 1) 2 2 200y y y y

y yy dx dy y x dy y y y dy y y dy

2 4 11

2 4 40

200 (200) 50y y

27. Let ( , )i ix y be the location of the weather station in county i for 1, , 254.i The average temperature in

Texas at time 0t is approximately

254

1( , )

,i i i

iT x y A

A

where ( , )i iT x y is the temperature at time 0t at the weather

station in county , ii A is the area of country i, and A is the area of Texas.

28. Let ( )y f x be a nonnegative, continuous function on [ , ],a b then ( ) ( )00

b f x b f xa a

RA dA dy dx y dx

( )ba

f x dx

29. Since f is continuous on ,R if ( , ) ,m f x y M property 3(b) of double integrals gives us

( , )R R R

m dA f x y dA M dA and hence ( ) ( , ) ( ).R

mA R f x y dA MA R

30. If ( , )f x y is positive at some point P in R or on the boundary of R then by the continuity of f there is a disk of positive radius around P (or if P is on the boundary, the intersection of such a disk with )R on which

( , )f x y is positive. This sub-region will make a positive contribution to the area ( , )R

f x y dA , and since

( , )f x y is never negative, ( , )R

f x y dA will be greater than 0. This contradicts our assumption that

( , ) 0R

f x y dA , so ( , )f x y is positive nowhere on R and is thus equal to 0 at every point of .R

15.4 DOUBLE INTEGRALS IN POLAR FORM

1. 2 2 229 9 2 , 0 9x y r r

2. 2 2 2 2 2 22 21 1, 4 4 , 1 4x y r x y r r

3. 3 34 4 4 4, , 1 csc , 0 cscy x y x y r r

4. 3 31 sec , 3 0 , 0 secx r y x r

5. 2 2 21 1, 2 3 2 3 sec , 2 2 csc ;x y r x r y r

6 62 3 sec 2 csc 0 , 1 2 3 sec ;r 6 2 , 1 2 3 cscr

6. 2 2 22 2, 1 sec ;x y r x r 32 sec or 3 3 3 , sec 2r



7. 2 22 22 2 cos , 0 2 cosx y x r r

8. 2 2 2 2 sin 0 , 0 2 sinx y y r r

9. 21 1 1 1

2 21 0 0 0 0x

dy dx r dr d d

10. 21 1 /2 1 /22 2 3 14 80 0 0 0 0

yx y dx dy r dr d d

11. 22 4 /2 2 /22 2 30 0 0 0 0

4 2y

x y dx dy r dr d d

12. 2 2 2

2 22 2 2

20 0 0a a x a aa a x

dy dx r dr d d a

13. /26 /2 6 csc /22 2 2

0 0 /4 0 /4 /4cos 72 cot csc 36 cot 36

yx dx dy r dr d d

14. 2 /4 2 sec /42 28 4

3 30 0 0 0 0sin tan sec

xy dy dx r dr d d

15. /43 /4 3 sec /4 2 23 31 12 2 2 21 1 /6 csc /6 /6

sec csc tan cot 2 3x

dy dx r dr d d

16. 2/22 /2 2 csc /4 2 1

2 22 4 /4 2 /6 /42csc 2 2 cot 2

yy

dy dx r dr d d

17. 2 2 2

0 0 3 /2 1 3 /2 1 3 /22 2 11 11 1 0 01

2 1 2 (1 ln 2) (1 ln 2)rr rx x y

dy dx dr d dr d d

18.

2

2 2 2 22 2 2

11 1 /2 1 /2 /22 2 11 1 0 0 0 01 01 1

4 4 2x rx rx y r

dy dx dr d d d

19. 2 2 2 2ln 2 (ln 2) /2 ln 2 /2

20 0 0 0 0(2 ln 2 1) (2 ln 2 1)

y x y re dx dy re dr d d

20. 2

2

1 1 /2 1 /22 2 21 0 0 01

ln 1 4 ln 1 2 (ln 4 1) (ln 4 1)y

yx y dx dy r r dr d d

21. 2 3 3 21 2 /2 2 /2 2

3 30 /4 0 /4 0( 2 ) ( cos 2 sin ) cos sin

x r rx

x y dy dx r r r dr d d

/2 2 1 2/2 2 2 4 2 2 2 4 23 3 3 3 3/4 /4

cos sin sin cosd



22. 2

2 4 22 2

2cos2 2 /4 2cos /4 /4 2 21 1 1 1 12 81 0 0 sec 0 02 sec

cos secx x

r rx ydy dx r dr d d d

/41 1 1

4 8 8 160sin 2 tan

23. 21 10 0

xx y dy dx

or 21 1

0 0y

x y dy dx

24. 21 31/2 1

yy

x dx dy or

3/20 2

1 3 11 3/2 / 3x x

x dy dx x dy dx

25. 2 2 2 20 0

xy x y dy dx or

2 2 2 2 20 y

y x y dx dy

26. 33 4 2 20 0

x y dy dx or 34 3 2 20 0

x y dx dy

27. /2 2 2 sin 2 /2

0 0 02 (2 sin 2 ) 2( 1)r dr d d

28. /2 1 cos /2 2 840 1 0

2 2cos cosA r dr d d

29. /6 12cos3 /6 2

0 0 02 144 cos 3 12A r dr d d

30. 32 4 /3 2 28 64

9 270 0 0A r dr d d



31. /2 1 sin /2 3 cos 2 312 2 2 80 0 0

2sin 1A r dr d d

32. /2 1 cos /2 3 cos 2 32 2 20 0 0

4 2 2cos 4A r dr d d

33. average 2 2

/2 /22 2 3 24 430 0 03

a aa a

r a r dr d a d

34. average 2 2

/2 /22 3 24 430 0 03

a aa a

r dr d a d

35. average 2 2

2 22 2

2 22 2 2 21 13 30 0 0

a a x a a aa a xa a

x y dy dx r dr d d

36. average 2 12 2 2 2 21 10 0

(1 ) (1 cos ) sinR

x y dy dx r r r dr d

22 1 23 2 3 2cos 3 2sin 31 1 14 3 4 3 20 0 0 0

2 cosr r r dr d d

37. 1/222 2 2 2ln 11 20 1 0 1 0 0

2 ln 2 ln 2 1 1 2 2e e er

r r dr d r dr d r r r d e d e

38. 22 2 2 22ln 2ln0 1 0 1 0 01

(ln ) 2ee er r

r rdr d dr d r d d

39. /2 1 cos /22 2 3 4230 1 0

2 cos 3cos 3cos cosV r dr d d

/2315 sin 4 52 43 8 32 3 80

sin 2 3sin sin

40. /4 2cos 2 /42 3/2 3/24

30 0 04 2 (2 2cos 2 ) 2V r r dr d d

3 /4/4 22 2 2 2 6 2 40 2 6432 32 cos3 3 3 3 3 90 0

1 cos sin cosd

41. (a) 2 2 2 2/2 /220 0 0 0 0 0

limx y br r

bI e dx dy e r dr d re dr d

2/2 /21 12 2 4 20 0

lim 1bb

e d d I

(b) 2 22 2 220 0

lim 1,tx te

xdt e dt

from part (a)

42. 2 2 2 2 22 2 2 2

/21 1 12 4 40 0 0 0 0 1 101 1 1

lim lim lim 1bbr r

r bb b bx y r rdx dy dr d dr

4



43. Over the disk 2 2 2

3/22 3/2 22 2 23 1 14 20 0 01 1 0

: ln 1rx y r

Rx y dA dr d r d

2 21 12 40 0

ln (ln 2) ln 4d d

Over the disk 2 2 2 2

2 1 22 2 10 0 0 01 1 11

1: limar r

x y r raRx y dA dr d dr d

2 2 21 12 20 1 1

lim ln 1 2 lim ln 1 2 ,a a

a d a

so the integral does not exist over

2 2 1x y

44. The area in polar coordinates is given by 2 ( )( ) 2 21 12 2 20 0

( ) ,ff rA r dr d d f d r d

where ( )r f

45. average 2 2

2 22 2 2 3 2 21 10 0 0 0

( cos ) sin 2 cosa a

a ar h r r dr d r r h rh dr d

34 2 2 2 2 2 2

2

22 22 cos 2 cos 2 sin1 1 14 3 2 4 3 2 4 3 20 0 0

a h ah aha a h a h a ha

d d

2 212 2a h

46. 3 /4 2sin

/4 cscA r dr d

3 /4 2 212 /4

4sin csc d

3 /41/42 22 sin 2 cot

47. The region R is shaded in the graph below.

2 1 0 1 2

1

2

x

y

The polar equation of the outer circle is just 2.r The inner circle is 2 2 2 2( 1) 1 or 2 .x y x y y This

is equivalent to 2 2 sin or 2sin .r r r The integrand is r in polar coordinates, so

22 22sin0

23

3

00 2sin

8 1 sin3 3

Rx y dA r r dr d

r d d



Write the integrand as 28 1 sin 1 cos .3

The indefinite integral is then 38 1cos cos3 3

and the

definite integral is 3

0

8 1 8cos cos (3 4)3 3 9


0 2

2

x

y

1

( , )1 1

2

As ranges from 3 /4 to 5 /4 the ray at angle enters R at secr and leaves R at 2.r Thus

5 /42 22 2 4sec3 /4

25 /4 5 /45 /4 5 /42 23 /43 /43 3sec

1 1 1 1 12cos 1 cos2 sin 22 4 4 8 4

Rx y dA r r dr d

r d d d

49–52. Example CAS commands: Maple: f : (x,y) - y/(x^2+y^2);

a,b : 0,1;

f1: x - x;

f2 : x - 1;

plot3d( f(x,y), y f1(x)..f2(x), x a..b, axes boxed, style patchnogrid, shading zhue, orientation [0,180], title "#49(a) (Section 15.4" ); # (a)

q1: eval( x a, [x r*cos(theta),y r*sin(theta)] ); # (b)

q2 : eval( x b, [x r*cos(theta),y r*sin(theta)] );

q3 : eval( y f1(x), [x r*cos(theta),y r*sin(theta)] );

q4 : eval( y f2(x), [x r*cos(theta),y r*sin(theta)] );

theta1: solve( q3, theta );

theta2 : solve( q1, theta );

r1: 0;

r2 : solve( q4, r );

plot3d(0,r r1..r2, theta theta1..theta2, axes boxed, style patchnogrid, shading zhue, orientation [-90,0], title "#49(c) (Section 15.4)" );

fP : simplify(eval( f(x,y), [x r*cos(theta),y r*sin(theta)] )); # (d)

q5 : Int( Int( fP*r, r r1..r2 ), theta theta1..theta2 );

value( q5 );

Section 15.5 Triple Integrals in Rectangular Coordinates 1145


Mathematica: (functions and bounds will vary) For 49 and 50, begin by drawing the region of integration with the FilledPlot command. Clear[x, y, r, t]

<<Graphics`FilledPlot`

FilledPlot[{x, 1}, {x, 0, 1}, AspectRatio 1, AxesLabel {x,y}]; The picture demonstrates that r goes from 0 to the line y 1 or r 1/Sin[t], while t goes from π/4 to π/2.

2 2f: y / (x y )

topolar {x r Cos[t], y rSin[t]};

fp f/.topolar //Simplify

Integrate[r fp, {t, π/4, π/2}, {r, 0, 1/Sin[t]}]

For 51 and 52, drawing the region of integration with the ImplicitPlot command. Clear[x, y]

<<Graphics`ImplicitPlot`

ImplicitPlot[{x y, x 2 y, y 0, y 1}, {x, 0, 2.1}, {y, 0, 1.1}];

The picture shows that as t goes from 0 to π/4, r goes from 0 to the line x 2 .y Solve will find the bound for r.

bdr Solve[r Cos[t] 2 r Sin[t], r]//Simplify

f: Sqrt[x y]

topolar {x r Cos[t], y r Sin[t]};


Integrate[r fp, {t, 0, π/4}, {r, 0, bdr[[1, 1, 2]]}]

15.5 TRIPLE INTEGRALS IN RECTANGULAR COORDINATES

1. 1 1 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

( , , ) 1 ( )y y x y y x y

F x y z dz dx dy dz dx dy y x dx dy

2 11 2 31 1

2 6 60 0yy dy y

2. 1 2 3 1 2 10 0 0 0 0 0

3 6 6,dz dy dx dy dx dx 2 1 30 0 0

,dz dx dy 3 2 10 0 0

,dx dy dz 2 3 10 0 0

,dx dz dy

3 1 20 0 0

,dy dx dz 1 3 20 0 0

dy dz dx



3. 1 2 2 3 3 3 /2 1 2 2 320 0 0 0 0

3 3x x y x

dz dy dx x y dy dx

1 2340

3(1 ) 2(1 ) 4(1 )x x x dx

11 2 30 0

3 (1 ) (1 ) 1,x dx x

2 1 /2 3 3 3 /20 0 0

,y x y

dz dx dy

1 3 3 2 2 2 /30 0 0

,x x z

dy dz dx

3 1 /3 2 2 2 /30 0 0

,z x z

dy dx dz

2 3 3 /2 1 /2 /30 0 0

,y y z

dx dz dy

3 2 2 /3 1 /2 /30 0 0

z y zdx dy dz

4. 2 22 3 4 2 3 22 2 2 1 13

2 20 0 0 0 0 0 04 3 4 4 4 sin 6 sin 1 3 ,

x xdz dy dx x dy dx x dx x x

23 2 40 0 0

,x

dz dx dy

22 4 3

0 0 0,

xdy dz dx

22 4 30 0 0

,z

dy dx dz

22 3 4

0 0 0,

zdx dy dz

23 2 40 0 0

zdx dz dy

5. 2 2 2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2 22 4 8 2 4 82 4 0 0

4x x y x x yx x y x y

dz dy dx dz dy dx

22 4 2 20 0

4 8 2x

x y dy dx

22 4 /2 22 2 20 0 0 0

8 4 8 4x

x y dy dx r r dr d

4 2/2 /224 20 00

8 2 32 32 16 ,rr d d

2 2 2

2 22

2 4 82 4

,y x y

x yydz dx dy

2 2 2

2 2 2

2 4 2 8 82 2 4 8

,z y y z y

y z y z ydx dz dy dx dz dy

2 2

2 2

4 8 8 80 4 8 8

,z z y z z yz zz y z y

dx dy dz dx dy dz

2 2 2

2 2 22 4 2 8 82 2 4 8

,z x x z x

x z x z xdy dz dx dy dz dx

2 2

2 24 8 8 80 4 8 8

z z x z z xz z x z z x

dy dx dz dy dx dz

6. The projection of D onto the -planexy has the boundary 2 2 2 22 ( 1) 1,x y y x y which is a circle.

Therefore the two integrals are:

2

2 22

2 2 20 2

y y yx yy y

dz dx dy

and 2

2 2 21 1 1 21 1 1

x yx x y

dz dy dx



7. 1 1 1 1 1 12 2 2 2 2 21 23 30 0 0 0 0 0

1x y z dz dy dx x y dy dx x dx

8. 2 2

2 2

32 3 8 2 3 22 2 3 2230 0 3 0 0 0 0

8 2 4 8 4yy x y y

x ydz dx dy x y dx dy x x xy dy

22 3 3 2 41520 0

24 18 12 12 24 30 6y y y dy y y

9. 3 22 3 2 2ln ln3 61

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 13 6

e ee e e e e e e e ex yxyz yz yz z zdx dy dz dy dz dy dz dz dz

10. 1 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 1 12 2 291

2 20 0 0 0 0 0 0(3 3 ) (3 3 ) (3 3 ) (1 )

x x y xdz dy dx x y dy dx x x dx x dx

133 32 20

(1 )x

11. 5 2 3/6 1 3 /6 1 /652 40 0 2 0 0 0

sin 5 sin siny z dx dy dz y z dy dz z dz

12. 21 1 2 1 1 1 121

21 0 0 1 0 1 00( ) (2 2 2 )x y z dy dx dz xy y zy dx dz x z dx dz

1 11 12 21 10 1

2 2 (3 2 ) 3 6x x zx dz z dz z z

13. 2 2 2 3 33 9 9 3 9 32 230 0 0 0 0 0 0

9 9 9 18x x x xdz dy dx x dy dx x dx x

14. 22 2

22 2

1/242 4 2 2 4 2 22 20 0 0 0 044 4

(2 ) 4 (2 )yy x y y

yy ydz dx dy x y dx dy x xy dy y y dy

23/22 3/2 162 2

3 3 30

4 (4)y

15. 1 2 2 1 2 1 12 2 21 1

2 20 0 0 0 0 0 0(2 ) (2 ) (2 ) (2 )

x x y xdz dy dx x y dy dx x x dx x dx

13 8 71 16 6 6 60

(2 )x

16. 2 2 2 2 21 1 4 1 1 1 12 2 2 21 12 20 0 3 0 0 0 0

1 1 1 1x x y x

x dz dy dx x x y dy dx x x x dx x x dx

12 31 112 120

(1 )x



17. 0 0 0 0 0cos ( ) sin ( ) sin ( )u v w du dv dw w v w v dv dw

0( cos ( 2 ) cos ( )) (cos ( ) cos )w w w w dw

0sin ( 2 ) sin ( ) sin sin ( ) 0w w w w

18. 21 1 1(ln ) 313 30 1 1 0 1 0 11

ln ln (ln ) lnsee e e et s es s

ts e r dt dr ds s e r t dr ds r dr ds

11 12 2 2

13 6 6 60 0 0ln

ss e e s s se e er r r ds s e ds s e e

19. /4 ln sec 2 /4 ln sec /4 ln sec2 20 0 0 0 0 0

limv t v vx t b t

be dx dt dv e e dt dv e dt dv

2 /4/4 /4 tan2ln sec sec1 1 1 12 2 2 2 2 2 2 80 0 0

vv v ve dv dv

20. 2 2 23/27 2 4 7 2 7 74 8 ln 82 81 11 1 3( 1) 3 1 30 0 0 0 0 0 00

4 8 ln 2q q qq

r r r rdp dq dr dq dr q dr dr

21. (a) 2

21 1 11 0

x zx

dy dz dx

(d) 1 10 0

y yy

dx dz dy

(b) 21 1 10 1

z zz x

dy dx dz

(e) 1 10 0

y yy

dz dx dy

(c) 1 10 0

z yy

dx dy dz

22. (a) 1 10 0 1

zdy dz dx

(d) 20 1

1 0 0y

dx dz dy

(b) 1 10 0 1

zdy dx dz

(e) 20 1

1 0 0y

dz dx dy

(c) 1 10 1 0

zdx dy dz

23. 21 1 1 1 12 2 2

3 30 1 0 0 1 0y

V dz dy dx y dy dx dx

24. 3 111 1 2 2 1 1 1 12 2 23 30 0 0 0 0 0 00 0

(2 2 ) 2 1xx z x xV dy dz dx z dz dx z z dx x dx x

25. 44 4 2 4 4 4 3/2 24 4 12 3 40 0 0 0 0 0 0

(2 ) 2 4 (4 ) (4 )x y x xV dz dy dx y dy dx x dx x x

3/2 32 204 13 4 3 3(4) (16) 4

26. 2 21 0 1 0 1 2 2

30 1 0 0 1 02 2 1

yx x

V dz dy dx y dy dx x dx

27. 1 2 2 3 3 3 /2 1 2 2 1 2 23 32 40 0 0 0 0 0

3 3 6(1 ) 4(1 )x x y x

V dz dy dx x y dy dx x x dx

11 2 30 0

3(1 ) (1 ) 1x dx x



28. 1 1 cos ( /2) 1 1 12 20 0 0 0 0 0

cos cos (1 )x x x x xV dz dy dx dy dx x dx

2 2

11 1 /2 /22 4 2 402 2 20 0 00

cos cos sin cos cos sinx x xdx x dx u u du u u u

2 22 4 4

2 1

29. 2 2 21 1 1 1 1 12 2 1630 0 0 0 0 0

8 8 1 8 1x x x

V dz dy dx x dy dx x dx

30. 2 2 2 2 22 4 4 2 4 22 2 2120 0 0 0 0 0

4 4 4x x y x

V dz dy dx x y dy dx x x dx

422 22 2 12812 2 150 0

4 8 4 xx dx x dx

31. 2 2 24 16 2 4 4 16 2 4 16

20 0 0 0 0 0(4 ) (4 )

y y y yV dx dz dy y dz dy y dy

44 3/24 42 2 2 1 21 1

2 4 60 0 0 02 16 16 16 16 sin 16yy dy y y dy y y y

3/2 3212 6 316 (16) 8

32. 2 2

2 22 4 3 2 4 2 22 4 0 2 4 2

(3 ) 2 (3 ) 4x x xx x

V dz dy dx x dy dx x x dx

22 3/22 22 2 2 1 22

2 32 2 2 23 2 4 2 4 3 4 4 sin 4xx dx x x dx x x x

1 12 212 sin 1 12 sin ( 1) 12 12 12

33. 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 332 20 0 (2 )/2 0 0

3x x y x yx

x ydz dy dx dy dx

222 2 3(2 )23 32 4 2 40 0

3 1 (2 ) (2 ) 6 6 xx xx x dx x dx

33 32

(2 )2 22 4 4

06 3 (12 12 4 0) 2xxx x

34. 4 8 8 4 8 4 4 20 0 0 0

(8 2 ) (8 2 )(8 ) 64 24 2z

z z zV dx dy dz z dy dz z z dz z z dz

42 3 32023 30

64 12z z z



35. 2 22 4 2 2 2 4 2 2 2

2 0 0 2 0 22 2 ( 2) ( 2) 4

x x xV dz dy dx x dy dx x x dx

22 3/22 22 2 2 1 21

2 3 2 22 2 2 22 4 4 4 4 sin 4 4 4 4xx dx x x dx x x x

36. 22 2 2 2 3 11 1 2 1 12 2 2

30 0 0 0 0 0 02 2 2

yy x y y xV dz dx dy x y dx dy xy dy

21 1 12 2 2 2 2 4 61 1 1 1 23 3 3 3 30 0 0

2 1 1 2 1 1y y y dy y y y dy y dy

7 162 2 4

3 7 3 7 70

yy

37. average 2 2 2 2 2 22 2 2 311 1 18 8 8 30 0 0 0 0 0

9 2 18 4 36x dz dy dx x dy dx x dx

38. average 1 1 2 1 1 11 1 1

2 2 20 0 0 0 0 0( ) (2 2 2) (2 1) 0x y z dz dy dx x y dy dx x dx

39. average 1 1 1 1 1 12 2 2 2 2 21 23 30 0 0 0 0 0

1x y z dz dy dx x y dy dx x dx

40. average 2 2 2 2 2 21 1 1

8 4 20 0 0 0 0 01xyz dz dy dx xy dy dx x dx

41.

2 2 24 cos 4 cos cos4 1 2 4 2 /2 4 2 4 sin 4 1/220 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 02 2

x x x xxy z z z

dx dy dz dy dx dz dx dz z dz

41/20

(sin 4) 2 sin 4z

42. 2 2 2 2

2

11 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12 12 6 3yzy zy zy zy

xxz e dy dx dz xz e dx dy dz yz e dy dz e dz

110 0

3 1 3 3 6z ze dz e z e

43. 2 2 2 23

3 32 2 2

sin 4 sin 4 sin1 1 ln 3 1 1 10 0 0 0 0

xe y y yyz zy y y

dx dy dz dy dz dz dy

11 2 20 0

4 sin 2 cos 2( 1) 2(1) 4y y dy y

44. 2 22 4 2 4 4 4 4sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 14 4 4 4 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

(4 )x x x zz x z z z

z z z zdy dz dx dz dx x dx dz z dz

244 2 sin 41 1 14 4 2 20 0

cos 2 sinz z

Section 15.6 Moments and Centers of Mass 1151


45. 2 2 21 4 4 1 4 24 415 150 0 0 0

4a x x y a x

adz dy dx x y a dy dx

2 2 21 1 12 2 2 2 2 41 4 1 42 15 2 150 0 0

4 4 4 (4 ) 2 (4 )a x a x dx a x dx a x a x dx

5 12 3 2 28 8 82 2 115 3 5 15 3 5 150

(4 ) (4 ) (4 ) (4 ) 15(4 ) 10(4 ) 5 0xa x x a a a a a

2 133(4 ) 2(4 ) 1 0 3(4 ) 1][(4 ) 1 0 4a a a a a or 13

34 1a a or 3a

46. The volume of the ellipsoid 22 2

2 2 2 1yx za b c is 4

3abc so that 4(1)(2)( )

3 8 3.c c

47. To minimize the integral, we want the domain to include all points where the integrand is negative and to exclude all points where it is positive. These criteria are met by the points ( , , )x y z such that

2 2 24 4 4 0x y z or 2 2 24 4 4,x y z which is a solid ellipsoid centered at the origin.

48. To maximize the integral, we want the domain to include all points where the integrand is positive and to exclude all points where it is negative. These criteria are met by the points ( , , )x y z such that

2 2 21 0x y z or 2 2 2 1,x y z which is a solid sphere of radius 1 centered at the origin.

49–52. Example CAS commands:

Maple: F : (x,y,z) - x^2*y^2*z;

q1: Int( Int( Int( F(x,y,z), y -sqrt(1-x^2)..sqrt(1-x^2) ), x -1..1 ), z 0..1 );

value( q1 );

Mathematica: (functions and bounds will vary) Clear[f, x, y, z];

2 2f : x y z

2 2Integrate[f, {x, 1,1}, {y, Sqrt[1 x ], Sqrt[1 x ]}, {z, 0, 1}]

N[%]

topolar {x r Cos[t], y rSin[t]};


Integrate[r fp, {t, 0, 2π}, {r, 0, 1},{z, 0, 1}]

N[%]

15.6 MOMENTS AND CENTERS OF MASS

1. 21 2 1 2 720 0

3 3 2 ;x

xM dy dx x x dx

2 21 2 1 20 0

3 3x x

y xxM x dy dx xy dx

1 3 2 540

3 2 ;x x x dx 22 21 2 1 12 2 43 3 19

2 2 50 0 03 4 5

xxx x x

M y dy dx y dx x x dx

514x and 38

35y



2. 3 3 30 0 0

3 9 gm;M dy dx dx 3 33 3 32 2

30 0 0 027 gm cm ;y

xI y dy dx dx

33 3 3 32 2 2 20 0 0 00

3 27 gm cmyI x dy dx x y dx x dx

3. 2

22 4 2 14

2 30 /2 04 ;

y yy

M dx dy y dy

2 2

42 4 2 2120 /2 0 /2

yyy y y

M x dx dy x dy

42 2 12812 4 30

16 8 ;yy y dy

3

22 4 2 2 10 64

2 3 350 /2 04

y yx y

M y dx dy y y dy x

and 57y

4. 3 3 3 9

20 0 0(3 ) ;

xM dy dx x dx

3 3 3 33 2 9

0 20 0 0 03

x xyM x dy dx xy dx x x dx

1x and 1,y by symmetry

5. 2 2 2

40 0;

a a x aM dy dx

2 2 2 2 32 20 30 0 0 0

a a x a aa x ayM x dy dx xy dx x a x dx

43 ,ax y by symmetry

6. sin

0 0 0sin 2;

xM dy dx x dx

sinsin 2 21 12 20 0 0 00

sinxx

xM y dy dx y dx x dx

14 4 20

(1 cos 2 )x dx x and 8y

7. 2

2 3

22

4 3/22 4 2 22 2 223 32 4 2 24

4 4 gm cm ;xx y

x x xI y dy dx dx x dx

24 gm cm ,yI by

symmetry; 28 gm cmo x yI I I

8. 2 22 sin / 2 22 2 212 20

sin 0 (1 cos 2 ) gm cmx x

yI x dy dx x dx x dx

9. 0 0 0

0lim 1 lim 1;

xe x x bbb b

M dy dx e dx e dx e

0 0

0

xe xyM x dy dx xe dx

00lim lim 1 lim 1;x x x b b

b bb b bxe dx xe e be e

0 0 2120

xe xxM y dy dx e dx

0 21 12 4lim 1x

bbe dx x

and 1

4y

10. 2 2

2 /2

/2 /2 10 0 0 0

lim lim 1 1x

bx b xy

b b eM x dy dx xe dx



11. 22 4 5 4 32 22 2 2 23 2 8

2 2 10 2 3 150 0 0 0( ) 2 2 ;

y yy y y y y yxy y

M x y dx dy xy dy y y dy

22 2 2 62 2 22 3 5 4 64

2 2 1050 0 0( ) 2 2 ;

y yy y x y yx y y

I y x y dx dy xy dy y y dy

12. 22 2

2 2

12 43/2 12 4 3/2 3/2 2 452 23/2 4 3/2 3/24

5 5 12 4 16 23 3 kgyy x

y yM x dx dy dy y y dy

13. 21 2 1 12 2320 0 0

(6 3 3) 6 3 12 12 8;xx

x xM x y dy dx xy y y dx x dx

1 2 1 30 0

(6 3 3) 12 12 3;x

y xM x x y dy dx x x dx

1 20

(6 3 3)x

x xM y x y dy dx

1 2 3 17 32 80

14 6 6 2x x x dx x and 1716y

14. 2

21 2 1 3 1

20 0( 1) 2 2 ;

y yy

M y dx dy y y dy

2

21 2 1 2 4 4

150 0( 1) 2 2 ;

y yx y

M y y dx dy y y dy

2

21 2 1 2 4 84

15 150 0( 1) 2 2

y yy y

M x y dx dy y y dy x

and 2

21 2 28

15 0; ( 1)

y yx y

y I y y dx dy

1 3 5 160

2 y y dy

15. 1 6 10 0 0

( 1) (6 24) 27;M x y dx dy y dy 1 6 10 0 0

( 1) (6 24) 14;xM y x y dx dy y y dy

1 6 1 1130 0 0

( 1) (18 90) 99yM x x y dx dy y dy x and 1427 ;y

1 6 12 113 60 0 0

( 1) 216 432yyI x x y dx dy dy

16. 42

1 1 1 2 3 322 2 151 1

( 1) ;xx

M y dy dx x dx

6 42

1 1 1 5 486 3 2 351 1

( 1) ;x xx x

M y y dy dx dx

52

1 1 1 332 21 1

( 1) 0 0x xy x

M x y dy dx x dx x

and 914 ;y

2 62

1 1 12 43 162 2 351 1

( 1) x xy x

I x y dy dx x dx

17. 2 41 1 27 312 151 0 1

(7 1) ;x xM y dy dx x dx

2 6 41 1 7 13

3 2 151 0 1(7 1) ;

x x xxM y y dy dx dx

2 51 1 3721 0 1

(7 1) 0 0x x

yM x y dy dx x dx x

and 1331 ;y

2 61 12 47 72 51 0 1

(7 1)x x

yI x y dy dx x dx



18. 20 1 2020 100 1 0

1 2 60;x xM dy dx dx

2 120 1 2020 20 20 1 0 1

1 1 0;yx xxM y dy dx dx

220 1 20 2000 10020 10 3 90 1 0

1 2x xyM x dy dx x dx x

and 0;y

20 1 202 220 3 200 1 0

1 1 20x xxI y dy dx dx

19. 1 1 2 530 0

( 1) 2 2 kg;yy

M y dx dy y y dy

1 1 3 2 760 0

( 1) 2 kg m;y

x yM y y dx dy y y dy

1 10 0

( 1) 0 0 kg m 0 my

y yM x y dx dy dy x

and 7

10 m;y 1 20

( 1)y

x yI y y dx dy

1 4 3 29100

2 2 kg m ;y y dy 1 12 4 3 31

3 100 0( 1) 2 2 kg m

yy y

I x y dx dy y y dy

265 kg mo x yI I I

20. 1 12 3 320 0

3 1 2 2 kg;yy

M x dx dy y y dy

1 12 4 2 16150 0

3 1 2 2 kg m;y

x yM y x dx dy y y dy

1 2

03 1 0 kg m

yy y

M x x dx dy

0 mx and 3245 m;y 1 12 2 5 3 25

60 03 1 2 2 kg m ;

yx y

I y x dx dy y y dy

1 12 2 5 3 23 1 115 3 300 0

3 1 2 kg my

y yI x x dx dy y y dy

26

5 kg mo x yI I I

21. 2 2

3 3 32 2 2 2 23 3 3 3 30 0 0 0 0 0

abc b ca b c a b ac cb c b MxI y z dz dy dx cy dy dx dx b c

where

;M abc 2 23M

yI a c and 2 23 ,M

zI a b by symmetry

22. The plane 4 23

yz is the top of the wedge 3 4 (4 2 )/3 2 23 2 4/3

yxI y z dz dy dx

2 3 33 4 38 2 8(2 ) 64 1043 3 81 81 33 2 3

208;y y y dy dx dx

3 4 (4 2 )/3 2 23 2 4/3

yyI x z dz dy dx

3 2 23 4 3(4 2 ) (4 2 ) 24 64 3281 3 3 81 33 2 3

12 280;y x y x dy dx x dx

3 4 (4 2 )/3 3 4 322 2 2 2 283 33 2 4/3 3 2 3

12 2 360y y

zI x y dz dy dx x y dy dx x dx

23. 21 1 4 1 1 12 322

3 30 0 4 0 0 04 4 4 4 16 ;

yM dz dy dx y dy dx dx 2

1 1 40 0 4

4xy yM z dz dy dx

1 1 14 128 128 125 5 50 0 0

2 16 16 ,y dy dx dx z and 0,x y by symmetry;

6

21 1 4 1 1 1642 2 2 464 1976 7904

3 3 105 1050 0 4 0 0 04 4 4 4 4 ;y

x yI y z dz dy dx y y dy dx dx



6

21 1 4 1 1 1642 2 2 2 4 264 8 128 4832

3 3 3 7 630 0 4 0 0 04 4 4 4 4 ;y

y yI x z dz dy dx x x y dy dx x dx

22

1 1 4 1 1 12 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 25623 15 450 0 4 0 0 0

4 16 16 xz y

I x y dz dy dx x x y y y dy dx dx

24. (a) 2 2

2 22 4 2 2 2 4 2 2 22 4 2 0 2 4 2 2

(2 ) (2 ) 4 4 ;x x xx x

M dz dy dx x dy dx x x dx

2 2

2 22 4 2 2 2 4 2 2 22 4 2 0 2 4 2 2

(2 ) (2 ) 4 2 ;x x x

yz x xM x dz dy dx x x dy dx x x x dx

2 2 2 22 2

2 4 2 2 2 4 2 2 4 412 4 42 4 2 0 2 4 2 2

(2 ) (2 ) 0x x x x x

xz x xM y dz dy dx y x dy dx x dx

12x and 0y

(b) 2 2

2 22 4 2 2 2 4 2 22 2 21 1

2 22 4 2 0 2 4 2 2(2 ) (2 ) 4

x x xxy x x

M z dz dy dx x dy dx x x dx

545 z

25. (a) 2

2 2 22 4 4 /2 2 4 /2 2 /230 0 0 0 0 0 0

4 4 4 4 4 4 8 ;x

x y rM dz dy dx r dz dr d r r dr d d

22 2 4 2 2 24 32 64 8

2 3 3 30 0 0 0 016 ,r

xy rM zr dz dr d r dr d d z

and 0,x y

by symmetry

(b) 2 22

2 2 23 24 20 0 0 0 0

8 4 8 2 2,c c c c c

rM r dz dr d cr r dr d d c c

since 0c

26. 8;M 2 11 5 1 1 5

21 3 1 1 3 10;z

xyM z dz dy dx dy dx

1 5 1 1 51 3 1 1 3

2yzM x dz dy dx x dy dx

11

4 0;x dx

1 5 1 1 5 11 3 1 1 3 1

2 16 32 0, 4, 0;xzM y dz dy dx y dy dx dx x y z

1 5 1 1 5 12 2 2 4002 23 3 31 3 1 1 3 1

2 100 ;xI y z dz dy dx y dy dx dx

1 5 1 1 5 12 2 2 2 162 43 3 31 3 1 1 3 1

2 3 1 ;yI x z dz dy dx x dy dx x dx

1 5 1 1 5 12 2 2 2 2 98 4003 31 3 1 1 3 1

2 2 2zI x y dz dy dx x y dy dx x dx

27. The plane 2 2y z is the top of the wedge 2 4 (2 )/2 2 22 2 1

( 6)y

LI y z dz dy dx

2 32 4 ( 6) (4 ) (2 ) 12 24 32 2

;y y y dy dx

let 34 213 4924 32

2 4 5 16 1386;tLt y I t t dt

12 (3)(6)(4) 36M

28. The plane 2 2y z is the top of the wedge 2 4 (2 )/2 2 22 2 1

( 4)y

LI x y dz dy dx

2 4 22 2 212 2 2 2

8 16 (4 ) 9 72 162 696;x x y y dy dx x x dx

12 (3)(6)(4) 36M



29. (a) 2 2 2 2 2 22 3 2 430 0 0 0 0 0

2 4 2 2 4 4 gmx x y x

M x dz dy dx x x xy dy dx x x x dx

(b) 32 2 2 2 2 2 (2 )2 8

3 150 0 0 0 0 02 (2 ) gm cm;

x x y x x xxyM xz dz dy dx x x y dy dx dx

815 gm cmxzM by symmetry;

2 2 2 2 22 20 0 0 0 0

2 2 (2 )x x y x

yzM x dz dy dx x x y dy dx

22 2 16150

2 gm cmx x dx 45 cm,x and 2

5 cmy z

30. (a) 22 4 2 22 2 4 322 150 0 0 0 0 0

4 4x x x k kM kxy dz dy dx k xy x dy dx x x dx

(b) 22 4 2 22 2 2 3 5 8 52 3 40 0 0 0 0 0

4 4 ;x x x k k

yzM kx y dz dy dx k x y x dy dx x x dx x

22 4 2 22 2 2 5/2 9/2 256 23 2310 0 0 0 0 0

4 4x x x kk

xzM kxy dz dy dx k xy x dy dx x x dx

40 277 ;y 2 22 4 2 22 2 4 6

40 0 0 0 0 04 16 8

x x x kxyM kxyz dz dy dx xy x dy dx x x x dx

256 8105 7

k z

31. (a) 1 1 1 1 1 13 52 20 0 0 0 0 0

( 1) ( 2)M x y z dz dy dx x y dy dx x dx

(b) 1 1 1 1 1 15 131 1 42 3 2 6 30 0 0 0 0 0

( 1)xyM z x y z dz dy dx x y dy dx x dx

43 ,xy yz xzM M M by symmetry 8

15x y z

(c) 1 1 1 1 12 2 2 2 320 0 0 0 0

( 1)zI x y x y z dz dy dx x y x y dy dx

1 3 2 31 11 113 4 6 60

2 ,x y zx x x dx I I I by symmetry

32. The plane 2 2y z is the top of the wedge.

(a) 1 4 (2 )/2 1 421 2 1 1 2

( 1) ( 1) 2 18y yM x dz dy dx x dy dx

(b) 1 4 (2 )/2 1 421 2 1 1 2

( 1) ( 1) 2 6;y y

yzM x x dz dy dx x x dy dx

1 4 (2 )/2 1 421 2 1 1 2

( 1) ( 1) 2 0;y y

xzM y x dz dy dx y x dy dx

21 4 (2 )/2 1 41 12 2 31 2 1 1 2

( 1) ( 1) 0 ,y y

xyM z x dz dy dx x y dy dx x

and 0y z

(c) 3 31 4 (2 )/2 1 42 2 2 1 13 2 3 21 2 1 1 2

( 1) ( 1) 2 1 45;y y y

xI x y z dz dy dx x y dy dx

2 31 4 (2 )/2 1 42 2 2 1 13 2 3 21 2 1 1 2

( 1) ( 1) 2 1 15;y x y y

yI x x z dz dy dx x x dy dx

1 4 (2 )/2 1 42 2 2 221 2 1 1 2

( 1) ( 1) 2 42y y

zI x x y dz dy dx x x y dy dx



33. 1 1 1 1 11 1 0 0 1 0

(2 5) 5 2 5 (1 )z z z

z zM y dy dx dz z z dx dz z z z dz

11 1/2 3/2 2 3/2 2 5/2 310 9 31 13 2 3 3 20 0

2 5 5 2 2 2 3 kgz z z z dz z z z z

34.

2 22 2

2 22 2

16 22 4 2 42 2 2 2 2 22 4 2 42

16 4x yx x

x xx yM x y dz dy dx x y x y dy dx

3 5 22 2 2 22 64 51243 5 15 150 0 0 00

4 4 4 4r rr r r dr d d d

35. (a) 0 ( , , ) 0 0yzMyzM

Rx x x y z dx dy dz M

(b) 2 2 2 2 2( ) 2LD D D

I h dm x h y dm x xh h y dm v i i j

2 2 2 2 2c.m.2 0x

D D Dx y dm h x dm h dm I h m I h m

36. 2 2 2 272c.m. 5 5LI I mh ma ma ma

37. (a) 2 22 2

2

c.m. c.m.2 2 2 4 4 4( , , ) , ,abc a ba b c a b

z zx y z I I abc I I

2 2 2 2 2 2

3 4 12 ;abc a b abc a b abc a b

2 2c.m.

c.m. 12I a bMR

(b) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 22

2 9 4 28 72c.m. 4 2 12 4 12 32 ;

abc a b abc a b abc a b abc a ba bLI I abc b

2 273

LI a bL MR

38. 2 43 4 (4 2 )/3 3 4 3 22 2

3 3 23 2 4/3 3 2 3 32(4 ) 4 12 72;

y yM dz dy dx y dy dx y dx dx

0x y z

from Exercise 2 22 2 16 160

c.m. c.m. c.m. 9 922 72 0 0 72 16 208 72 1488x LI I I I I

39. Clearly ( , ) 0f x y for 0 1,x 0 1,y and 1 10 0

( , ) ( ) f x y dx dy x y dx dy

1 120

1,y dy

so f is a joint p.d.f.; 1 1 20 0

( , ) ( ) x xf x y dx dy x xy dx dy

1 71 13 2 120

;y dy

1 1 20 0

( , ) ( ) y yf x y dx dy xy y dx dy

1 2 712 120

.y dy



40. Clearly ( , ) 0f x y for 0 1,x 0 1,y and 1 10 0

( , ) 4 f x y dx dy xy dx dy

10

2 1,y dy so f is

a joint p.d.f.; 1 1 20 0

( , ) 4 x xf x y dx dy x y dx dy

1 4 2

3 30 ;y dy

1 1 20 0

( , ) 4 y yf x y dx dy xy dx dy

1 2 2

302 .y dy

41. Clearly ( , ) 0f x y for 0 1,x 0 1,y and 1 1 20 0

( , ) 6 f x y dx dy x y dx dy

10

2 1,y dy so f

is a joint p.d.f.; 1 1 30 0

( , ) 6 x xf x y dx dy x y dx dy

1 3 3

2 40 ;y dy

1 1 2 20 0

( , ) 6 y yf x y dx dy x y dx dy

1 2 2

302 .y dy

42. Clearly ( , ) 0f x y for 0 1,x 0 1,y and

1 1 2 2320 0

( , ) f x y dx dy x y dx dy

1 2312 20

1,y dy so f is a joint p.d.f.;

1 1 3 2320 0

( , ) x xf x y dx dy x xy dx dy

1 23 3 58 4 80

;y dy

1 1 2 3320 0

( , ) y yf x y dx dy x y y dx dy

1 33 512 2 80

.y y dy

43. ( , )f x y k and 3 2 30 0 0

( , ) 1 2 6 1f x y dx dy k dx dy k dy k

16 ;k 2 3 21 1 1 2

6 2 6 30 0

xP x y dy dx x dx

44. 3 20 0

( , ) 1 1f x y dx dy C xy dx dy

30

2 9 1Cy dy C 19 ;C then

3 2 2190 0

( , ) x xf x y dx dy x y dx dy

3 8 4

27 30 ;y dy

3 2 2190 0

( , ) y yf x y dx dy xy dx dy

3 22

90 2.y dy

15.7 TRIPLE INTEGRALS IN CYLINDRICAL AND SPHERICAL COORDINATES

1.

2.

Section 15.7 Triple Integrals in Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates 1159


3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8. 1 2,r 30 : sector of measure

3 between cylinders of radii 1 and 2 centered on the z-axis.

9. 29 :r z r cone with vertex angle 2

below a sphere of radius 3 centered at (0, 0, 0), and its interior

10. 0 2sin ,r 1 3 :z cylinder of height 2, radius 1, and tangent to the z-axis, and its interior



11. 0 4cos ,r 20 , 0 5 :z half-cylinder of height 5, radius 2, and tangent to the z-axis, and its interior

12. 0 3,r 2 2 , 0 cos :z r semi-circular wedge of radius 3 and angle

4 , and its interior

13. 3 : sphere of radius 3 centered at (0, 0, 0)

14. 6 : right circular cone centered on the z-axis, vertex at (0, 0, 0), and vertex angle

3

15. 23 : closed half-plane along the z-axis

16. csc sin 1: cylinder of radius 1 centered on the z-axis

17. cos 4: plane with z-intercept 4 and parallel to the xy-plane

18. 1 2sec , 40 : solid region enclosed by the plane 2sec , the

sphere 1, and the cone 4



19. 0 3csc 0 sin 3: a cylinder of radius 3, centered on the z-axis, and its interior

20. 0 1, 2 , 0 : a quarter sphere of radius 1, centered at (0, 0, 0), and its interior

21. 0 cos sin 2, 0 sin sin 3, 0 cos 4: a rectangular box 2 3 4, and its interior

22. 4sec 5: solid region enclosed by the plane cos 4 and the sphere

5

23. 2 311/2 3/22 1 2 2 1 22 2 21

3 30 0 0 0 0 02 2

r rr

dz r dr d r r r dr d r d

3/2 4 2 12 2 23 3 30

d

24. 2 3 42

31/2 3/2 9 8 2 72 3 18 2 3 22 213 3 12 20 0 /3 0 0 0 0

18 18r r r

rdz r dr d r r dr d r d

25. 3 /(2 )2 /(2 ) 3 24 2 /(2 ) 23 2 4320 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 24 6r

dz r dr d r r dr d r r d

2 4 3 5

2 4 2 4

223 4 3 172 2 50 4 16 12 20 0

d

26. 2

2

/ 3 4 / /2 2 3120 0 0 0 0 04

9 4 4 4 4r

rz dz r dr d r r r dr d r r dr d

2 44

2 4

/2 2 374 150 0 40

4 2 4rr d

27. 1/22 3

11/2 1/22 1 2 2 1 22 2 230 0 0 0 0 0

3 3 2 3 2r r

rdz r dr d r r r dr d r d

2 430

3 2 6 2 8d



28. 22 1 1/2 2 1 22 2 2 3 2 sin 112 4 24 30 0 1/2 0 0 0

sin sin rr z dz r dr d r dr d d

29. 42 3 /3 2 3 23 3 3

324 20 100 0 0 0 0 0z zr dr dz d dz d d

30. 1 2 1 cos 1 2 121 0 0 1 0 1

4 2(1 cos ) 6 12r dr d dz d dz d

31. 2221 2 1 1sin 22 2 2 2 3 2

2 40 0 0 0 0 0 00cos 2

z z zrrr z r d dr dz z r dr dz r rz dr dz

4 2 3 4 11 12 2 34 4 12 4 30 00 0

zr z z zr z dz z dz

32. 2 2 1/22 4 2 2 4 2 2 20 2 0 0 2 0

( sin 1) 2 2 4 2r r

r rr r d dz dr r dz dr r r r r dr

323/22 2 3/281 1

3 3 3 30

2 4 2 4 (4) 8rr r

33. (a) 22 1 4

0 0 0r

dz r dr d

(b) 22 3 1 2 2 4

0 0 0 0 3 0z

r dr dz d r dr dz d

(c) 21 4 2

0 0 0r

r d dz dr

34. (a) 22 1 2

0 0r

rdz r dr d

(b) 2 1 2 2 20 0 0 0 1 0

z zr dr dz d r dr dz d

(c) 21 2 2

0 0r

rr d dz dr

35. 2/2 cos 3

/2 0 0( , , )

rf r z dz r dr d

36. /2 1 cos /2 1 /23 4 1 2

5 5/2 0 0 /2 0 /2cos cos

rr dz dr d r dr d d



37. 2sin 4 sin

0 0 0( , , )

rf r z dz r dr d

38.

/2 3cos 5 cos/2 0 0

( , , )r

f r z dz r dr d

39. /2 1 cos 4/2 1 0

( , , )f r z dz r dr d

40. /2 2cos 3 sin/2 cos 0

( , , )r

f r z dz r dr d

41. /4 sec 2 sin

0 0 0( , , )

rf r z dz r dr d

42.

/2 cos 2 sin/4 0 0

( , , )r

f r z dz r dr d

43. 32sin sin cos2 4 28 8 3

3 3 4 40 0 0 0 0 0 00sin sin sind d d d d d d

2 2sin 220 0 0 00

2 sin d d d d

44. /42 /4 2 2 /4 2 22 2

0 0 0 0 0 0 00( cos ) sin 4 cos sin 2 sin 2d d d d d d d

45. 2 (1 cos )/2 2 22 3 41 1

24 960 0 0 0 0 0 0sin (1 cos ) sin (1 cos )d d d d d d

2 24 161 196 96 6 30 0

2 0 (2 )d d

46. 23 /2 1 3 /2 3 /2 sin cos3 3 35 5 2

4 4 3 30 0 0 0 0 0 005 sin sin sind d d d d d d

3 /2 3 /25 5 506 3 20 0

cos =d d

47. /32 /3 2 2 /3 22 3 2120 0 sec 0 0 0 0

3 sin 8 sec sin 8cos secd d d d d d

2 2512 20 0

( 4 2) 8 5d d

48. /42 /4 sec 2 /4 23 2 21 1 1

4 4 20 0 0 0 0 0 0sin cos tan sec tand d d d d d

218 40

d

49. 3 2/22 0 /2 2 0 2 0 2cos 23 3

2 2 20 /4 0 0 0/4sin 2 d d d d d d d d

4 2

80

2



50. 2csc/3 2csc 2 /3 2csc /32 2 32

3/6 csc 0 /6 csc /6 cscsin 2 sin sind d d d d d

/3 214 283 /6 3 3

csc d

51. 2 /41 /4 1 /4sin cos330 0 0 0 0 00

12 sin 12 8 sind d d d d d

2 11 1 1/42 10 10 5200 0 0 0 02 2 2 2 0

8 cos 8 8 4d d d d d

4 2 5

2

52. /2 /2 2 /2 /24 3 5 3/6 /2 csc /6 /2

5 sin 32 csc sind d d d d

/2 /2 /23 2 3 2/6 /2 /6

32sin csc 32sin cscd d d

2 /2 /2 /2 /232sin cos 32 364 64/6 /63 3 24 3/6/6

sin cot cos 3d

3 3 33 3643 3 2 3 11 3

53. (a) 2 2 2 21 sin 1,x y and sin 1 csc ;

thus 2 /6 2 2 /2 csc2 20 0 0 0 /6 0

sin sind d d d d d

(b) 12 2 sin (1/ ) 2 2 /62 2

0 1 0 0 0 0sin sind d d d d d

54. (a) 2 /4 sec 20 0 0

sin d d d

(b) 12 1 /4 2 2 /42 20 0 0 0 1 cos (1/ )

sin sind d d d d d

55. 4 /22 /2 2 2 /2 2 cos2 31 13 3 40 0 cos 0 0 0 0

sin 8 cos sin 8cosV d d d d d d

2 31 311 13 4 12 60

8 (2 )d

56. 2 /2 1 cos 2 /22 2 3130 0 1 0 0

sin 3cos 3cos cos sinV d d d d d

/22 2 22 3 43 3 111 1 1 1 11 11

3 2 4 3 2 4 12 12 60 0 00cos cos cos 1 (2 )d d d



57. 42 1 cos 2 2 (1 cos )2 31 1

3 3 40 0 0 0 0 0 0sin (1 cos ) sinV d d d d d d

24 81 412 3 30

(2) (2 )d

58. 4 /22 /2 1 cos 2 /2 2 (1 cos )2 31 1

3 3 40 0 0 0 0 0 0sin (1 cos ) sinV d d d d d d

21 112 12 60

(2 )d

59. 4 /22 /2 2cos 2 /2 2 cos2 38 8

3 3 40 /4 0 0 /4 0 /4sin cos sinV d d d d d d

28 1 13 16 6 30

(2 )d

60. 2 /2 2 2 /2 2 2/22 8 8 84/33 3 3 30 /3 0 0 /3 0 0

sin sin cosV d d d d d d d

61. (a) /2 /2 2 2

0 0 08 sin d d d

(c) 2 2 22 4 4

0 0 08

x x ydz dy dx

(b) 2/2 2 4

0 0 08

rdz r dr d

62. (a) 2/2 3/ 2 9

0 0r

rdz r dr d

(b)

/2 /4 3 20 0

sinr

d d d

(c) 9 2 2/2 /4 3 /2 /4 /22 140 0 0 0 0 0 2

sin 9 sin 9 1d d d d d d

63. (a) 2 /3 2 20 0 sec

sinV d d d

(c) 2 2 2

23 3 43 3 1

x x yx

V dz dy dx

(b) 22 3 4

0 0 1r

V dz r dr d

(d) 3/22

2 3/2

341/22 3 2 22 31 4

3 2 3 2 30 0 0 00

4r rV r r r dr d d d

25 56 30

d

64. (a) 22 1 1 2

0 0 0r

zI r dz r dr d

(b) 2 /2 1 2 2 20 0 0

sin sin ,zI d d d

since 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2sin cos sin sin sinr x y



(c) 2 /22 /2 2 /2 2 /2sin cos31 1 2 2

05 5 3 3 150 0 0 0 00sin sin coszI d d d d d

4215 15(2 )

65. 2

4/2 1 4 4 /2 1 /2 /23 5 5 81

2 6 30 0 1 0 0 0 04 4 5 4 4 1 4

rr

V dz r dr d r r r dr d d d

66. 2 32

13/2/2 1 1 /2 1 /22 2 212 3 30 0 1 0 0 0 0

4 4 1 4 1r r r

rV dz r dr d r r r r dr d r d

/2 /21 1 12 3 3 20 0

4 2 2d d

67. 2 3cos sin 2 3cos 22 33 /2 0 0 3 /2 0 3 /2

sin 9cos (sin )r

V dz r dr d r dr d d

249 9 94 4 43 /2

cos 0

68. 3cos 3cos 2 323/2 0 0 /2 0 /2

2 2 27cosr


2cos sin 2/23 3 /2/2

18 cos 12 sin 12d

69. 2 sin3/2/2 sin 1 /2 sin /22 2130 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 1r

V dz r dr d r r dr d r d

2 /23/2 /2/2 /2 /22 3 cos sin1 1 1 23 3 3 3 3 30 0 0 00

1 sin 1 cos 1 cosd d d

/2 4 3209 6 18sin

70. 2 cos3/2/2 cos 3 1 /2 cos /22 20 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 1 1r

V dz r dr d r r dr d r d

2 /23/2/2 /2 /22 3 sin cos 23 30 0 00

1 cos 1 1 sin sind d d

/2 3 42 202 3 2 3 6cos

71. 3 3 32 2 /3 2 2 /3 2 22 /32 1 1/33 3 3 2 20 /3 0 0 /3 0 0

sin sin cosa a a aV d d d d d d d

32

3a

72. 3 3 3/6 /2 /6 /2 /62

3 3 180 0 0 0 0 0sin sin

a a a aV d d d d d d



73. 2 /3 2 20 0 sec

sinV d d d

2 /3 213 0 0

8 sin tan sec d d

/32 21 13 20 0

8cos tan d

2 2 5 5 51 1 13 2 3 2 6 30 0

4 (3) 8 (2 )d d

74. /2 /4 2sec /2 /42 3 3430 0 sec 0 0

4 sin 8sec sec sinV d d d d d

/4/2 /4 /2 /4 /23 2 228 28 28 13 3 3 20 0 0 0 0 0

sec sin tan sec tand d d d d

/2 7143 30

d

75. 2/2 1 /2 1 /23

20 0 0 0 0 04 4

rV dz r dr d r dr d d

76. 2

2/2 1 1 /2 1 /2

0 0 0 0 04 4 2

rr


77. 4 2 2 1/2 2 /2 2 /22 2 2 13 30 1 0 0 1 0

8 8 8r


78. 2 23/2/2 2 2 /2 2 /2 /22 2 41

3 30 1 0 0 1 0 018 8 2 8 2 8

rV dz r dr d r r dr d r d d

79. 2 2 4 sin 2 2 22 sin30 0 0 0 0 0

4 sin 8 1 16r

V dz r dr d r r dr d d

80. 2 2 4 cos sin 2 2 22 8

30 0 0 0 0 04 (cos sin ) (3 cos sin )

r rV dz r dr d r r dr d d

16

81. The paraboloids intersect when 2 2 2 2 2 24 4 5 1x y x y x y and 4z

2 2 42

1/2 1 5 /2 1 /2 /23 52 4 20 0 4 0 0 0 00

4 4 5 5 20 5r r r

rV dz r dr d r r dr d d d

82. The paraboloid intersects the -planexy when 2/2 3 92 2 2 2

0 1 09 0 9 4

rx y x y V dz r dr d

2 4 3/2 3 /2 /2 /23 9 81 172 4 4 40 1 0 0 01

4 9 4 4 64 32r rr r dr d d d d



83. 2 11/2 3/22 1 4 2 1 2 22 2 3/2813 30 0 0 0 0 0 00

8 8 4 8 4 3 8r

V dz r dr d r r dr d r d d

4 8 3 33

84. The sphere and paraboloid intersect when 2 2 2 2x y z and 2 2 2 2 0z x y z z

( 2)( 1) 0 1z z z or 2 1z z since 0.z Thus, 2 2 1x y and the volume is given by the

triple integral 2

2

1/2/2 1 2 /2 1 2 30 0 0 0

4 4 2r

rV dz r dr d r r r dr d

413/2 8 2 7/2 /22 2 2 71

3 4 3 12 60 004 2 4rr d d

85. average 2 1 1 2 1 22 21 1 1 2

2 2 3 30 0 1 0 0 02r dz dr d r dr d d

86. average 2

243

2 1 1 2 12 2 23140 0 1 0 0

2 1rr

r dz dr d r r dr d

12 2 21 2 23 3 3 3 31 1

2 8 8 16 2 32 32 160 0 00sin 1 1 2 0 (2 )r r r r d d d

87. average 43

2 1 2 23 3 3 3116 8 40 0 0 0 0 0

sin sind d d d d d

88. average 2

23

/22 /2 1 2 /2 2 sin3 3 318 8 20 0 0 0 0 0 0

cos sin cos sind d d d d d

23 3 316 16 80

(2 )d

89. /2 1 /2 1 /22 24

3 30 0 0 0 0 04 4 ;

rM dz r dr d r dr d d

2 10 0 0

rxyM z dz r dr d

2 1 23 3 31 12 8 4 4 2 80 0 0

,xyMMr dr d d z

and 0,x y by symmetry

90. /2 2 /2 2 /22 8 4

3 30 0 0 0 0 0;


/2 2

0 0 0r

yzM x dz r dr d

/2 2 /230 0 0

cos 4 cos 4;r dr d d

/2 2 /2 2 3

0 0 0 0 0sin

rxzM y dz r dr d r dr d

/20

4 sin 4;d

/2 2 /2 2 /23 31

20 0 0 0 0 02 ,yzMr

xy MM z dz r dr d r dr d d x

3 ,xzMMy and 3

4xyM

Mz



91. 83 ;M

2 /2 2 2 /2 22 30 /3 0 0 /3 0

sin cos sinxyM z d d d d d d

2 /22 /2 2 2 2sin 31 12 2 8 20 /3 0 0 0/3

4 cos sin 4 4d d d d d

3 38 8( ) ,xyM

Mz and 0,x y by symmetry

92. 3

3 3 2 22 /4 2 /4 22 2 23 3 2 30 0 0 0 0 0

sin sin ;aa a aM d d d d d d

4 4 42 /4 2 /4 234 16 80 0 0 0 0 0

sin cos sina a a a

xyM d d d d d d

4

3

3 2 22 23 38 8 2 162 2

,xy aM a aM a

z


93. 2 4 2 4 23/2 64 128

5 50 0 0 0 0 0;


2 40 0 0

rxyM z dz r dr d

2 4 22 32 64 512 3 3 60 0 0

,xyMMr dr d d z


94. 2

2

13/2/3 1 1 /3 1 /32 223/3 0 1 /3 0 /3 0

2 1 1rr

M dz r dr d r r dr d r d

/3 2 42 23 3 3 9/3

;d

2

2/3 1 1 /3 12 2 2/3 0 1 /3 0

cos 2 1 cosr

yz rM r dz dr d r r dr d

1/3 /3 /31 2 2 3 31 1/38 8 8 8 8 2 8/3 /30

2 sin 1 1 2 cos cos sin 2r r r r d d

9 332 ,yzM

Mx and 0,y z by symmetry

95. We orient the cone with its vertex at the origin and axis along the -axisz 4 . We use the -axisx which

is through the vertex and parallel to the base of the cone 2 1 1 2 2 20 0

= sinx rI r z dz r dr d

24 22 1 23 2 4 2 sin sin 213 3 20 10 40 80 10 20 5 40 0 0 0

sin sin r rr r dr d d

96. 2 2 22

2 2

3/22 2 23 3 2 2 2 225 150 0 0 0 0 0

2 2a

a a r a arz a r

I r dz dr d r a r dr d a r d

52 5 8215 150

2 aa d

97. 42 2 22 2 3 30 0 0 0 0 0h hr

a a

a h a h a hrz ar

I x y dz r dr d r dz dr d hr dr d

4 5 4 44 52 2 24 5 4 5 20 100 0 00

aa a ha har r

a ah d h d d



98. (a) 22 1 2 1 251 1

2 12 60 0 0 0 0 0;

rM z dz r dr d r dr d d

22 1 2 1 22 71 1 1

3 24 12 20 0 0 0 0 0,

rxyM z dz r dr d r dr d d z

and 0,x y by

symmetry; 22 1 2 1 23 71 1

2 16 80 0 0 0 0 0r

zI zr dz dr d r dr d d

(b) 22 1 2 1 22 4 21

5 50 0 0 0 0 0;

rM r dz dr d r dr d d

22 1 2 1 22 6 51 1

2 14 7 140 0 0 0 0 0,

rxyM zr dz dr d r dr d d z

and 0,x y by

symmetry; 22 1 2 1 24 6 21

7 70 0 0 0 0 0r

zI r dz dr d r dr d d

99. (a) 2 1 1 2 1 231 12 8 40 0 0 0 0

;r

M z dz r dr d r r dr d d

2 1 1 2 1 22 41 1 43 10 5 50 0 0 0 0

,xy rM z dz r dr d r r dr d d z

and 0,x y by

symmetry; 2 1 1 2 1 23 3 51 12 24 120 0 0 0 0z r

I zr dz dr d r r dr d d

(b) 2 1 1 2

50 0 rM z dz r dr d

from part (a); 2 1 1 2 13 5140 0 0 0xy r

M z dz r dr d r r dr d

2 5112 6 60

,d z and 0,x y by symmetry;

2 1 1 2 30 0z r

I z r dz dr d

2 1 23 61 13 28 140 0 0

r r dr d d

100. (a) 5 5 52 2 24 2 4

5 5 50 0 0 0 0 0sin sin ;

a a a aM d d d d d d

37 72 2 2 cos6 3 27 7 30 0 0 0 0 0 0

sin 1 cos sin cosa a a

zI d d d d d d

7 724 821 210a ad

(b) 4 4 2 42 2 2(1 cos 2 )3 2

4 2 8 40 0 0 0 0 0sin ;

a a a aM d d d d d d

62 25 4 460 0 0 0 0

sin sina a

zI d d d d d

36 6 6 6 22 2 2sin cos sin 2236 4 4 8 2 4 16 80 0 0 000

sina a a ad d d d

101. 2 2 33/22 2 2 22 2 2 213 30 0 0 0 0 0 00

ha

aa a r a h h h a

a a aM dz r dr d r a r dr d a r d d

223 ;ha 2 2 2 2 4 4 2 2

2 2

2 2 22 32 4 40 0 0 0 0 02 2

haa a r ah h a a a h

xy a aM z dz r dr d a r r dr d d

2 2

23 3

4 82,a h

haz h




102. Let the base radius of the cone be a and the height h, and place the cone’s axis of symmetry along the -axisz

with the vertex at the origin. Then 2

3a hM and

20 0 h

a

a hxy r

M z dz r dr d

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 22 4

2 2

2 2 2 22 312 2 2 2 2 4 8 40 0 0 0 04 0

aa h h h a a h a h ar ra a

h r r dr d d d d

2 2

23 3

4 4 ,xyM h aM a h

z h

and 0,x y by symmetry the centroid is one fourth of the way from

the base to the vertex

103. The density distribution function is linear so it has the form ( ) ,k C where is the distance from the center of the planet. Now, ( ) 0 0,R kR C and ( ) .k kR It remains to determine the constant

k: 4 32 22

4 30 0 0 0 0 0( ) sin sin

RRM k kR d d d k kR d d

44 4

4

2 2 24 4 304 3 12 6 30 0 0 0

sin cosk k k R MR RR

k d d R d R d k

43 3 .M M

R RR

At the center of the planet 3

3 30 0 .M MR R

R

104. The mass of the planet’s atmosphere to an altitude h above the surface of the planet is the triple integral 2 2( ) 2 ( ) 20 0 0 0

( ) sin sinh hc R c RR R

M h e d d d e d d d

2 2( ) 2 2 20 00

( cos ) 2 4h h hc R cR c cR cR R R

e d d e e d d e e d

2

2 32 24 (by parts)

c c c he ecR ec c c R

e

2 2

2 3 2 32 2 2 24 .

ch ch ch cR cR cRcR h e he e R e Re ec cc c c c

e

The mass of the planet’s atmosphere is therefore 2

2 32 2lim ( ) 4 .R R

c c chM M h

105. (a) A plane perpendicular to the -axisx has the form x a in rectangular coordinates cosr a

cos sec ,ar r a in cylindrical coordinates.

(b) A plane perpendicular to the -axisy has the form y b in rectangular coordinates sinr b

sin csc ,br r b in cylindrical coordinates.

106. cos sin( cos ) ( sin ) ( cos sin ) .ca bax by c a r b r c r a b c r

107. The equation ( )r f z implies that the point ( , , ) ( ( ), , )r z f z z will lie on the surface for all

. In particular ( ( ), , )f z z lies on the surface whenever ( ( ), , )f z z does the surface is symmetric with respect to the -axis.z



108. The equation ( )f implies that the point ( , ) ( ( ), )f , , lies on the surface for all . In particular, if ( ( ), )f , lies on the surface, then ( ( ), )f , lies on the surface, so the surface is symmetric with respect to the z-axis.

15.8 SUBSTITUTIONS IN MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

1. (a) x y u and 2 3x y v x u v and 13 ( )y x u x u v and 1

3 ( 2 );y u v 1 1

( , ) 3 3 1 2 1( , ) 9 9 32 1

3 3

x yu v

(b) The line segment y x from (0, 0) to (1, 1) is 0 0;x y u the line segment 2y x

from (0, 0) to (1, 2) is 2 0 0;x y v the line segment 1x from (1, 1) to (1, 2) is ( ) (2 ) 3 3.x y x y u v The transformed region is sketched at the right.

2. (a) 2x y u and 3x y v y u v and 13 ( )x v y y u v and 1

3 ( 2 );x u v 1 2

( , ) 3 3 1 2 1( , ) 9 9 31 1

3 3

x yu v

(b) The triangular region in the -planexy has

vertices (0, 0), (2, 0), and 2 23 3, . The line

segment y x from (0, 0) to 2 23 3, is

0 0;x y v the line segment 0y from (0, 0) to (2, 0) ;u v the line segment

2 2x y from 2 23 3, to (2, 0) 2.u The

transformed region is sketched at the right.

3. (a) 3 2x y u and 4 5 2x y v x u v and 1 12 5( 3 ) (2 )y u x x u v and 1

10 (3 );y v u 2 1

( , ) 5 5 6 1 1( , ) 50 50 1031

10 10

x yu v

(b) The -axisx 0 3 ;y u v the -axisy 0 2 ;x v u the line 1 1

5 101 (2 ) (3 ) 1x y u v v u

2(2 ) (3 ) 10 3 10.u v v u u v The transformed region is sketched at the right.

4. (a) 2 3x y u and 3x y v x u v and 3y v x x u v and 2 ;y u v

( , )( , )

1 32 3 1

1 2x yu v

15.8 Substitutions in Multiple Integrals 1173


(b) The line 3 3 3x u v or 3 3;u v 0 3 0;x u v 0;y x v 1y x

1.v The transformed region is the parallelogram sketched at the right.

5. 2 2

2

1 2 24 ( /2) 1 4 412 2 2 2 2 2 2 20 /2 0 0

1 1y

y

y y xy y y y yxy

x dx dy dy y y dy

4 41 1 12 2 20 0

( 1 ) (4) 2y y dy dy

6. 2 22 ( )(2 )R R

x xy y dx dy x y x y dx dy

( , ) 1( , ) 3 ;x yu v

G Guv du dv uv du dv

We find the

boundaries of G from the boundaries of R, shown in the accompanying figure:

-equationsxy for

the boundary of R

Corresponding -equationsuv

for the boundary of G

Simplified

-equationsuv

2 4y x 1 23 3( 2 ) ( ) 4u v u v 4v

2 7y x 1 23 3( 2 ) ( ) 7u v u v 7v

2y x 1 13 3( 2 ) ( ) 2u v u v 2u

1y x 1 13 3( 2 ) ( ) 1u v u v 1u

2 27 22 7 2 2 331 1 1 11 11 113 3 3 2 2 2 2 4 41 4 1 14 1

(4 1)v u

Guv du dv uv dv du u du u du

7. 2 23 14 8R

x xy y dx dy

(3 2 )( 4 )R

x y x y dx dy

( , ) 1( , ) 10 ;x yu v

G Guv du dv uv du dv

We find the boundaries of G from the boundaries of R, shown in the accompanying figure:

1174 forChapter 15 Multiple Integrals


-equationsxy for

the boundary of R



Simplified

-equationsuv

32 1y x 31

10 10(3 ) (2 ) 1v u u v 2u

32 3y x 31

10 10(3 ) (2 ) 3v u u v 6u

14y x 1 1

10 20(3 ) (2 )v u u v 0v

14 1y x 1 1

10 20(3 ) (2 ) 1v u u v 4v

2 24 66 4 6 6 641 1 1 4 4 410 10 10 2 5 5 2 5 52 0 2 20 2

(18 2)v u

Guv du dv uv dv du u du u du

8. ( , )( , )2( ) 2 2 ;x yu v

R G Gx y dx dy v du dv v du dv

the region G is sketched in Exercise 4

11 3 3 1 1 2

0 3 0 0 02 2 2 (3 3 3 ) 6 3 3

vv

Gv du dv v du dv v v v dv v dv v

9. uvx and 2y

xy uv v and 1 2( , )2 1 1 2

( , ); ( , ) ;x y uu v v

v uvxy u J u v v u v uv u

1,uvy x uv v and 4 2;y x v 1 1,xy u and 9 3;xy u thus

2 23 2 3 2 3 22 21 1 1 1 1 1

( ) 2 2 2 lny u ux v v

Rxy dx dy v u dv du u dv du uv u v du

33 2 2 2 522 23 3 31 1

2 2 ln 2 ln 2 8 (26)(ln 2) 8 (ln 2)u u du u u

10. (a) ( , )( , )

1 0( , ) ,x y

u v J u v uv u

and the region G

is sketched at the right

(b) 1 1,x u and 2 2;x u 11 1 ,uy uv v and 22 2 ;uy uv v thus,

2

2 2

2/2 2 2 2/ 2 2/ 2 2 2 121 1 1 1/ 1 1/ 1 1 21/

uu uy uv vx uu u u uu

dy dx u dv du uv dv du u du u du

2

2 23 3 3112 2 21

ln ln 2;u

u du u 2 22 2 2 2 23 3 31

12 2 2 21 1 1 11ln ln 2y y dx

x x xdy dx dx x



11. cosx ar and ( , ) 2 2( , )

cos sinsin ( , ) cos sin ;

sin cosx yr

a ary ar J r abr abr abr

b br

2 12 2 2 2 2 2 20 0 0

cos sin ( , )R

I x y dA r a b J r dr d

2 1 23 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 240 0 0

cos sin cos sinababr a b drd a b d

2 22 2 2 2 2

sin 2 sin 24 2 4 2 4 40

ab a bab a a b b

12. ( , )( , )

0( , ) ;

0x yu v

aJ u v ab

b

2

21 1 1 21 1 1

2 1uu

R GA dy dx ab du dv ab dv du ab u du

1

2 1 1 112 2 2 21

2 1 sin sin 1 sin ( 1)uab u u ab ab ab

13. The region of integration R in the -planexy is sketched in the figure at the right. The boundaries of the image G are obtained as follows, with G sketched at the right:

-equationsxy for

the boundary of R



Simplified

-equationsuv

x y 1 13 3( 2 ) ( )u v u v 0v

2 2x y 1 23 3( 2 ) 2 ( )u v u v 2u

0y 130 ( )u v v u

Also, from Exercise 2/3 2 2y 2( , ) ( )1 1

( , ) 3 30 0 02, ( , ) ( 2 )

ux y y x vu v y

J u v x y e dx dy ue dv du

2 22 2 2 21 1 1 13 3 3 2 30 00 0

1 2 2 2 1uv u u uuu e du u e du u u e e e e

213 3 1 0.4687e



14. 2vx u and 2 (2 ) 2y v x y u v v u

and 1

( , ) 2( , )

1( , ) 1;

0 1x yu v J u v

next,

2 2yvu x x and ,v y so the boundaries of

the region of integration R in the -planexy are transformed to the boundaries of G:

-equationsxy for

the boundary of R



Simplified

-equationsuv

2yx 2 2

v vu 0u

2 2yx 2 2 2v vu 2u

0y 0v 0v

2y 2v 2v

2 2 2 22 ( /2) 2 2 2 2 23 (2 ) 3 4 3 4 3 161 14 40 /2 0 0 0 00

(2 ) (2 ) 1y x y u u

yy x y e dx dy v u e du dv v e dv v e dv

4 216 1614 4 0

1 1ve e

15. uvx and 2y

xy uv v and 2;xy u 1 2( , ) 1 1 2

( , ) ( , ) ;x y uu v v

v uvJ u v v u v uv u

1,uvy x uv v and 4 2;y x v 1 1,xy u and 4 2;xy u thus

2 3

2 3

2 4 4/ 2 2 2 22 2 2 2 2 2 32 21 1/ 2 /4 1 1 1 1

2y y u u u

vy y v vx y dx dy x y dx dy u v du dv u v du dv

4 2

3 3 2

2 22 24 15 15 15 15 22512 2 4 161 12 2 41 1

u v vv v v

u v dv dv

16. 2 2x u v and 2 ;y uv ( , ) 2 2 2 2( , )

2 2( , ) 4 4 4 ;

2 2x yu v

u vJ u v u v u v

v u

2 2 2 22 1 4(1 ) (2 ) 4 1 1;y x y x uv u v u 0 2 0 0y uv u or 0;v

2 20 0x u v u v or ;u v This gives us four triangular regions, but only the one in the quadrant where both u, v are positive maps into the region R in the -plane.xy

2 21 2 1 1 12 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 20 0 0 0 0 0

(2 ) 4 4x u u

x y dx dy u v uv u v dv du u v dv du

22 24 2 3 5 5 6 562 1 112 112 13 5 15 15 6 451 10 1

4u

u v u v v du u du u



17. 2 1 ( /2)3 4 1 ( /2) 3 4 3 42 12 3 2 2 3 2 2 30 0 /2 0 0 0 0/2

( 1)yy x y xy yx xzz z

y ydx dy dz dy dz y dy dz

2 2 24 33 3 3( 1) 9 4 1 4 2

4 4 3 4 3 4 3 30 0 0 002 2 12y y yz z z zdz dz dz z

18. 0 0

( , , ) 0 0 ;0 0

aJ u v w b abc

c the transformation takes the ellipsoid region

22 2

2 2 2 1yx za b c in -spacexyz into

the spherical region 2 2 2 1u v w in -spaceuvw 43which has volume V

RV dx dy dz

43abc

Gabc du dv dw

19. 0 0

( , , ) 0 0 ;0 0

aJ u v w b abc

c for R and G as in Exercise 18, 2 2 2| |

R Gxyz dx dy dz a b c uvw dw dv du

/2 /2 12 2 2 20 0 0

8 ( sin cos )( sin sin )( cos ) sina b c d d d

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2/2 /2 /2343 3 60 0 0

sin cos sin cos sin cosa b c a b c a b cd d d

20. , ,u x v xy and 3 , ,vuw z x u y and 2

1 1 13 3

13

1 0 0

( , , ) 0 ;

0 0

vu uu

z w J u v w

3 2 22 2 13 3 0 0 1

3 3 ( , , )v v w vwu u u

D Gx y xyz dx dy dz u u J u v w du dv dw v du dv dw

2 22 33 2 3 31 1 2 23 3 2 3 3 20 0 0 00 0

( ln 2) (1 ln 2) (1 ln 2) ln 2v wv vw dv dw w dw w dw w

923 23 ln 2 2 3 ln 2 2 ln 8

21. (a) cosx u v and ( , ) 2 2( , )

cos sinsin cos sin

sin cosx yu v

v u vy u v u v u v u

v u v

(b) sinx u v and ( , ) 2 2( , )

sin coscos sin cos

cos sinx yu v

v u vy u v u v u v u

v u v

22. (a) ( , , ) 2 2( , , )

cos sin 0cos , sin , sin cos 0 cos sin

0 0 1

x y zu v w

v u vx u v y u v z w v u v u v u v u

(b) ( , , )1 12 ( , , ) 2

12

2 0 02 1, 3 4, ( 4) 0 3 0 (2)(3) 3

0 0

x y zu v wx u y v z w



23. sin cos cos cos sin sinsin sin cos sin sin cos

cos sin 0

cos cos sin sin sin cos sin sin(cos ) ( sin )

cos sin sin cos sin sin sin cos

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2cos sin cos cos sin cos sin sin sin cos sin sin

2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2sin cos sin sin cos sin sin

24. Let ( )( )

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )b g bdu

dx a g au g x J x g x f u du f g x g x dx in accordance with Theorem 7 in

Section 5.6. Note that ( )g x represents the Jacobian of the transformation ( )u g x or 1( ).x g u

25. The first moment about the -coordinatexy plane for the semi-ellipsoid, 22 2

2 2 2 1yx za b c using the

transformation in Exercise 18 is, | ( , , )|xyD G

M z dz dy dx cw J u v w du dv dw

22 2 2 2 24of the hemisphere 1, 0 ;abc

xyG

abc w du dv dw abc M x y z z

the mass of the semi-ellipsoid is 22 3 33 4 2 8

abc abcabcz c

26. A solid of revolution is symmetric about the axis of revolution, therefore, the height of the solid is solely a function of r. That is, ( ) ( ).y f x f r Using cylindrical coordinates with cos ,x r y y and sin ,z r

we have 2 ( ) 2 2( )00 0 0 0

( )b x f r b bf ra a a

GV r dy d dr r dy d dr r y d dr r f r d dr

20( ) 2 ( ) .b ba a

r f r dr rf r dr In the last integral, r is a dummy or stand-in variable and as such it can be

replaced by any variable name. Choosing x instead of r we have 2 ( ) ,ba

V xf x dx which is the same result

obtained using the shell method.


0 1 2

1

2

x

y

yx

y x

y x

yx

2

2

2

12

1

1 2

2 112 ,

,

,

1 12,

Chapter 15 Practice Exercises 1179


Solving explicitly for the transformation that gives x and y in terms of u and v yields a complicated

expression for ( , ) .( , )x yu v

However, its reciprocal, ( , )( , )u vx y

is relatively easy to compute.

Since ( , )u x y xy and ( , ) / ,v x y y x 2

( , ) 2 2 .1y x

yJ x y vyx

xx

Thus ( , ) 1/2 .J u v v In the uv-plane

the region corresponding to R is 1 1: 2, 2.2 2

G u v Thus v is positive and ( , ) 1/2 .J u v v

22 22 21/21/2 1/21/2 1/2

1 ln 3ln 2 ln 22 2 2

R

udA du dv dv dvv

28. Under the given transformation, 2 ,y uv so

2 22 22 22

1/2 1/21/2 1/21/2

15 452 4 16 32

R

uv uy dA du dv dv dvv

CHAPTER 15 PRACTICE EXERCISES

1. 1/10 1/ 10

1 0 1 0

yy xy xyye dx dy e dy

101

( 1) 9 9e dy e

2. 331 1/ /

0 0 0 0

xx y x y xe dy dx x e dx

2 2 2 11 212 2 20 0

x x x exe x dx e

3. 2 2

2 2

3/2 9 4 3/2 9 40 9 4 0 9 4

t tt t

t ds dt ts dt

3/23/23/2 2 21

60 02 9 4 9 4t t dt t

3/2 3/2 27 916 6 20 9



4. 2 21 2 1

20 0

yy xy y

xy dx dy y dy

112 0

4 4y y y y dy

5/2 11 43/2 2 15 50 0

2 2 yy y dy y

5. 20 4 0 22 2 4 2

2x

xdy dx x x dx

3 02 8 43 3 32

4x x

4 ( 4)/2 4 420 4 0

4y y

ydx dy y dy

2 43/22

2 30

2 (4 )y y y

3/2 162 43 3 34 8 4 4

6. 1 1 3/22

30 0

yyy y

x dx dy x dy

11 3/4 3/2 7/4 5/22 2 4 23 3 7 50 0

y y dy y y

2 4 2 43 7 5 35

21 1 1/2 20 0

xx

x dy dx x x x dx

1 3/2 5/20

x x dx

15/2 7/22 2 2 2 45 7 5 7 350

x x

7. 2

2 2 (1/2) 93 (1/2) 9 323 0 3 0

xx yy dy dx dx

3 33 2 918 8 243 3

9 x xx dx

27 27 27 27 27 98 24 8 24 6 2

2

2

3/2 9 4 3/2 20 09 4

2 9 4y

yy dx dy y y dy

3/23/22 3/2 27 91 2 1

4 3 6 6 20

9 4 9y



8. 2 22 4 2 4

00 0 02 2

x xx dy dx xy dx

2 22 30 0

2 4 8 2x x dx x x dx

4 22 162 20

4 16 8xx

44 4 4 20 0 0 0

2yy

x dx dy x dy

2 44 162 20 0

(4 ) 4 16 8yy dy y

9. 21 2 2 /2 22 2 2 20 2 0 0 0 0

4cos 4cos 2 cos sin sin 4x

yx dx dy x dy dx x x dx x

10. 2 2 2 2 12 1 1 2 1

0 /2 0 0 0 02 1

xx x x xy

e dx dy e dy dx xe dx e e

11. 3 3

3 4 4 4

8 2 2 2 4 ln171 1 14 40 0 0 01 1 1

y yx y y y

dy dx dx dy dy

12.

2 23

2 23

12 sin 2 sin1 1 1 1 2 20 0 0 0 0

2 sin cos ( 1) ( 1) 2x xx

y x xdx dy dy dx x x dx x

13. 20 4 0 2 432 2 4 2

2x

xA dy dx x x dx

14. 4 4 3761 2 1

2yy

A dx dy y y dy

15. 3 3 43 3 42 11 2 1 1 (2 ) (2 )2 2 2 2 7 2 73 3 3 3 12 120 0 0 0

2xx y x xx x x

x xV x y dy dx x y dx x dx

472 1 2 43 12 12 12 3

16. 22 62 6 2 22 2 2 4 3 125

43 3 36

xxx x

V x dy dx x y dx x x x dx

17. average value 2 11 1 1 1 1

2 2 40 0 0 00

xy xxy dy dx dx dx

18. average value 2

2 2

4

11 1 1 1 31 4 2 12 20 0 0 00

xx xyxy dy dx dx x x dx

19.

2

2 2 2 22 2 2

11 1 2 1 2 22 2 1 121 1 0 0 0 01 01 1

x rx rx y r

dy dx dr d d d



20. 2

2

1 1 2 1 2 2 2 22 2 2 1 112 21 0 0 0 1 01

ln 1 ln 1 ln lny

yx y dx dy r r dr d u du d u u u d

212 0

(2 ln 2 1) [ln(4) 1]d

21. 22 2 2 2 4 2 20 cos 2 0 cos 2x y x y r r r so the integral is 22

/4 cos 2/4 0 1

r

rdr d

2

22

cos 2/4 /4 /4 /4 sec1 1 1 1 1 1

2 1 cos 2 2 2 2/4 /4 /4 /42cos2 10

1 1 1r

d d d d

/4tan 212 2 4/4

22. (a) 2 2 2 22 2 2

sec/3 sec /3 /31 1 1 1

20 0 0 02 1 2 1 sec1 1 0

rrx y rR

dx dy dr d d d

2

2

/3 sec12 0 1 sec

;d

2

33 1 12 31 1 12 2 2 4 20 2 22 0

tantan tan

secdu u

u

u

du d

(b) 2 2 2 22 2 2

/2 /2 /21 1 1 120 0 0 02 1 2 11 1 0

lim limb

rr bb bx y rR

dx dy dr d d d

/212 40

d

23. 0 0 0 0 0cos( ) sin( ) sin( )x y z dx dy dz z y z y dy dz

0cos( 2 ) cos( ) cos cos( ) 0z z z z dz

24. ln 7 ln 2 ln 5 ln 7 ln 2 ln 7( ) ( )ln 6 0 ln 4 ln 6 0 ln 6

1x y z x y xe dz dy dx e dy dx e dx

25. 2 2 22 4 61 1 133 3 82 2 2 2 350 0 0 0 0 0

(2 )x x y x yx x xx y z dz dy dx dy dx dx

26. 32 1

11 1 0 1 1 1ln ln 1

e x z e x e eyzz

dy dz dx dz dx x dx x x x

27. /2/2 0 2 /2 0 /2 sin 22

2 4 20 cos 0 0 cos 0 02 2 2 2 cos 2

x y yy y

V dz dx dy x dx dy y dy

28. 2 2 2 3/22 4 4 2 4 22 20 0 0 0 0 0

4 4 4 4 4x x x

V dz dy dx x dy dx x dx

23/22 2 1 1

20

4 6 4 24 sin 24sin 1 12xx x x x



29. average 1 3 1 1 3 3 12 2 21 1 1

3 3 30 0 0 0 0 0 030 15 15xz x y dz dy dx x x y dy dx x x y dx dy

13/2 33 32 3/2 3/2 5/2 5/2 5/2 5/21 1 1 1

3 3 3 30 0 005 5(1 ) 5 2(1 ) 2 2(4) 2(3) 2x y dy y y dy y y

5/213 2 31 3

30. average 3

2 2 233 3 3 316 8 40 0 0 0 0 04

sin sina a a a

ad d d d d d

31. (a) 2 2 2

2 2 2

2 2 42 2

3y x y

y x ydz dx dy

(b) 2 /4 2 20 0 0

3 sin d d d

(c) 2 321/2 3/22 2 4 2 2 22 2 21

3 30 0 0 0 0 03 3 4 3 4

r rr

dz r dr d r r r dr d r d

2 23/2 3/2 3/20 0

2 2 4 8 4 2 2 8 4 2d d

32. (a) 2 2

2 2/2 1 /2 12 3 2/2 0 /2 0

21( cos )( sin ) 21 cos sinr rr r

r r dz r dr d r dz r dr d

(b) 2

2/2 1 /2 1 /23 2 6 2 2/2 0 0 0 0

21 cos sin 84 sin cos 12 sin cos 4rr

r dz r dr d r dr d d

33. (a) 2 /4 sec 20 0 0

sin d d d

(b) /42 /4 sec 2 /4 22 21 1 1

3 3 20 0 0 0 0 0 0sin (sec )(sec tan ) tand d d d d d

216 30

d

34. (a) 2 2 21 1

0 0 0(6 4 )

x x yy dz dy dx

(b)

/2 10 0 0

(6 4 sin )r

r dz r dr d

(c) /2 /2 csc 20 /4 0

(6 4 sin sin ) sin d d d

(d) 1/2 1 /2 1 /22 3 3 40 0 0 0 0 0 0

(6 4 sin ) 6 4 sin 2 sinr

r dz r dr d r r dr d r r d

/2 /200

(2 sin ) 2 cos 1d

35. 2 2 2 2 2 2

21 3 4 3 3 42 20 1 1 1 0 1

x x y x x yx

z yx dz dy dx z yx dz dy dx

36. (a) Bounded on the top and bottom by the sphere 2 2 2 4,x y z on the right by the right circular cylinder 2 2( 1) 1,x y on the left by the plane 0y



(b) 2

2/2 2cos 4

0 0 4rr

dz r dr d

37. (a) 2 23/22 2 8 2 2 22 2 2130 0 2 0 0 0 0

8 2 8r

V dz r dr d r r r dr d r r d

8 4 2 52 2 23/2 3/21 1 4 43 3 3 3 30 0 0

(4) 4 (8) 2 3 2 8 4 2 5d d d

(b) 2 /4 8 2 /42 3830 0 2sec 0 0

sin 2 2 sin sec sinV d d d d d

/42 /4 22 28 8 13 3 20 0 0 0

2 2 sin tan sec 2 2 cos tand d d

8 4 2 52 2 5 4 28 81

3 2 3 2 30 02 2 2 d d

38. 2 /3 2 2 /3 22 2 4 30 0 0 0 0 0

( sin ) sin sinzI d d d d d d

3 /32 /3 2 cos232 32 8

5 5 3 30 0 0 0sin cos sin cosd d d

39. With the centers of the spheres at the origin, 2 2 20 0

( sin ) sinb

z aI d d d

5 5 5 52 23 25 50 0 0 0

sin sin cos sinb a b a

d d d d

5 5 5 5 5 53 4 82 2cos5 3 15 150 00

cosb a b a b a

d d

40. 2 1 cos 2 1 cos2 2 4 30 0 0 0 0 0

( sin ) sin sinzI d d d d d d

2 25 3 61

5 0 0 0 0(1 cos ) sin (1 cos ) (1 cos )sin ;d d d d

1 cossin

udu d

7 8 3 522 2 2 2 2 26 82 32 641 1 1 1 1 1 2 25 5 7 8 5 7 8 5 56 35 350 0 0 0 0 00

(2 ) 2u uu u du d d d d d

41. 2 2 2 21 2/ 1

2 2 ln 4;xxM dy dx dx 2 2 2 2

1 2/ 12 1;y xx

M x dy dx x dx

2

2 2 2 2 12 ln 41 2/ 1

2 1x x xM y dy dx dx x y

42. 24 2 4 2 3230 2 0

4 ;y yy

M dx dy y y dy

2 3 4 44 2 4 42 3 64

3 4 30 2 0 04 ;

y y y yx y

M y dx dy y y dy

222 5 4 424 2 4 2 128 122 10 2 5 50 2 0 0

2 yy y My y y yy My

M x dx dy y dy x

and 2xM

My



43. 32 4 22 2 2 64 143 30 2 0

(3) 3 4 104xo x

I x y dy dx x dx

44. (a) 2 1 22 2 2 4023 32 1 2

2oI x y dy dx x dx

(b) 3 32 2 43 3 ;

a b a b abx a b a

I y dy dx dx

2 2

3 3 3 3 42 2 4 4 43 3 3 3 3

ab b ab a b a a b ab a by o x yb a b

I x dx dy dy I I I

45. 3 2 /3 3 2

30 0 03 ;

x xM dy dx dx 43 2 /3 32 38 8 381 81 40 0 0

2x

xI y dy dx x dx

46. 21 1 3 1

40 0( 1) ;

xx

M x dy dx x x dx 21 1 3 5 2 4 131

2 1200 0( 1) ;

xx x

M y x dy dx x x x x dx 2

1 1 2 4 8215 150 0

( 1)x

y xM x x dy dx x x dx x and 2

1 21330 0

; ( 1)x

x xy I y x dy dx

1 4 7 3 6 17 1713 280 700

;xIx Mx x x x dx R 2

1 12 3 5 1120 0

( 1)x

y xI x x dy dx x x dx

47. 1 1 12 2 21 43 31 1 1

2 4;M x y dy dx x dx

1 1 12 2 131 1 1

0 0;xM y x y dy dx dx

1 1 12 2 31 43 31 1 1

2 0yM x x y dy dx x x dx

48. Place the ABC with its vertices at (0, 0),A ( , 0)B b and ( , ).C a h The line through the points A and C is

;hay x the line through the points C and B is ( ).h

a by x b Thus, ( ) /

0 /h a b y h b

ay hM dx dy

201 ;

h y bhhb dy

3 3( ) / 2 2120 / 0

h a b y h b h y bhx hay h

I y dx dy b y dy

49. /3 3 /39

2/3 0 /33 ;M r dr d d

/3 3 /32 3 3/3 0 /3

cos 9 cos 9 3 ,yM r dr d d x

and

0y by symmetry

50. /2 3 /2

0 1 04 2 ;M r dr d d

/2 3 /22 26 26 133 3 30 1 0

cos cos ,yM r dr d d x

and

133y by symmetry

51. (a) /2 1 cos0 1

2M r dr d

/2 1 cos 2 8

2 402cos ;d

/2 1 cos/2 1

( cos )yM r r dr d

4/2 2 3 cos3/2

cos cos d

32 15 15 3224 6 48 ,x

and 0y by symmetry

(b)



52. (a) 2 220

;a aM r dr d d a

0

( cos )a

yM r r dr d

3 3cos 2 sin3 3

a ad

2 sin3 ,ax and 0y by symmetry;

2 sin3lim lim 0ax

(b) 25 and 0ax y

53. x u y and y v x u v and y v 1 1

( , ) 1;0 1

J u v the boundary of the image G

is obtained from the boundary of R as follows:

-equationsxy for

the boundary of R



Simplified

-equationsuv

y x v u v 0u

0y 0v 0v

( )0 0 0 0

( , ) ( , )x sx s u ve f x y y dy dx e f u v du dv

54. If s x y and t x y where 2 2( ) ,ac b then , ,s t s tx y

and

2 2 2

2 2 2

21 1 1 10 0( )

( , )s t r

ac b ac bJ s t e ds dt re dr d

2 2

2102

.ac b ac b

d

Therefore,

22 21 .

ac bac b

CHAPTER 15 ADDITIONAL AND ADVANCED EXERCISES

1. (a) 22 6 2

3x

xV x dy dx

(b) 2 22 63 0

x xx

V dz dy dx

(c) 2 2 5 4 22 6 2 62 2 4 3 3 1255 4 43 3 3

6 2x x x x

x xV x dy dx x x x dx x

Chapter 15 Additional and Advanced Exercises 1187


2. Place the sphere’s center at the origin with the surface of the water at 3.z Then 2 2 2 29 25 16x y x y is the projection of the volume of water onto the -planexy

2

43/22 4 3 2 4 22 2 2313 20 0 25 0 0 0 0

25 3 25r

V dz r dr d r r r dr d r r d

2 23/2 3/2 26 521 13 3 3 30 0

(9) 24 (25) d d

3. Using cylindrical coordinates, 2 1 2 (cos sin ) 2 1 2 20 0 0 0 0

2 cos sinr

V dz r dr d r r r dr d

22 1 1 1 13 3 3 30 0

1 cos sin sin cos 2d

4. 2 42

13/2/2 1 2 /2 1 /22 3 213 40 0 0 0 0 0

4 4 2 4 2r r

rV dz r dr d r r r dr d r d

8 2 7/2 /22 2 8 2 71 13 4 3 3 60 0

4 d d

5. The surfaces intersect when 2 2 2 2 2 23 2 2 1.x y x y x y Thus the volume is

2 2 2 2

2 2 21 1 3 /2 1 3 /2 1 /23 3

20 0 2 2 0 0 2 0 0 04 4 4 3 3 3

x x y rx y r

V dz dy dx dz r dr d r r dr d d

6. /2 /2 2sin /2 /22 464

30 0 0 0 08 sin sinV d d d d d

3 /2 /2/2 /2 /2 /2sin cos sin 22 264 33 4 4 2 40 0 0 000

sin 16 4 2d d d d

7. (a) The radius of the hole is 1, and the radius of the sphere is 2.

(b) 22 3 4 2 3 220 0 1 0 0 0

2 3 2 3 4 3z

V r dr dz d z dz d d

8. 2 3sin3/23sin 9 3sin 2 21

30 0 0 0 0 0 09 9

rV dz r dr d r r dr d r d

3/2 3/22 3/2 2 31 13 30 0 0

9 9sin (9) 9 1 1 sin 9 1 cosd d d

32 sin30 0

1 cos sin cos 9 sin 9d



9. The surfaces intersect when 2 2 12 2 2 2

2 1.x yx y x y Thus the volume in cylindrical coordinates is

23 2 4

2

11 2/2 1 /2 1 /2 /212 2 4 8 2 40 0 0 0 0 00

4 4 4r r r r r

rV dz r dr d dr d d d

10. 2 4 2/2 2 sin cos /2 2 /23

40 1 0 0 1 0 1sin cos sin cos

r rV dz r dr d r dr d d

2 /2/215 15 sin 154 4 2 80 0

sin cos d

11. 0 0 0 0 0

lim limax bx xy tb b b t bxy xy xye e e

x ya a a at tdx e dy dx e dx dy e dx dy dy

1 1lim ln lnytb b be b

ay y y aa atdy dy y

12. (a) The region of integration is sketched at the right

2 2sin 2 20 cot

lna a y

yx y dx dy

20 0

ln ;a

r r dr d

2212 0 0

ln2

au r u du ddu r dr

2 22 2 21 1 102 2 2 20 0 00

ln 2 ln lim ln (2 ln 1) lna at

u u u d a a a t t d a d a a

(b) 2 2cos (tan ) 2 2 2 20 0 cos 0

ln lna x a a x

ax y dy dx x y dy dx

13. ( ) ( ) ( )0 0 0 0

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ;x u x x xm x t m x t m x t

te f t dt du e f t du dt x t e f t dt also

( ) ( ) ( )0 0 0 0 0

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )x v u x x v x xm x t m x t m x t

t t te f t dt du dv e f t du dv dt v t e f t dv dt

2( )2 ( ) ( )12 20 0

( ) ( ) ( )xx x x tm x t m x tt

v t e f t dt e f t dt

14. 1 1 1 10 0 0 0 0

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )x x

yf x g x y f y dy dx g x y f x f y dy dx g x y f x f y dx dy

1 10

( ) ( ) ( ) ;y

f y g x y f x dx dy

1 1 1 1 10 0 0 0 0

(| |) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )x

xg x y f x f y dx dy g x y f x f y dy dx g y x f x f y dy dx

1 1 1 10 0

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )y x

g x y f x f y dx dy g y x f x f y dy dx

1 1 1 1 1 10 0 0

simply interchange and variable names

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) ,y y y

x y

g x y f x f y dx dy g x y f y f x dx dy g x y f x f y dx dy

and the statement now follows.



15. 2

2 3 3 3 4 4 2

2 6 2 6

// 2 2 2 213 4 120 0 0 0 3 4 12 00

( ) ;x a aa x a a ay x x x x a

o a a a aI a x y dy dx x y dx dx a

43 41 1 1 1 14

2 6 3 3 3( ) 0 .oI a a a a a Since 41 1

2 2( ) 0,oI a a the value of a does provide a

minimum for the polar moment of inertia ( ).oI a

16. 32 4 22 2 2 14 643 30 2 0

(3) 3 4 104xo x

I x y dy dx x dx

17. 2 2 22 2sec

seca a bb

M r dr d d

2 22 2 2 1 2tan cos a bba ba b a b

2 1 2 2cos ;baa b a b

3 4 4 414sec

seca

o bI r dr d a b d

4 4 2 214 1 tan seca b d

4 3 4 4 4 3 3/24 4 4 1 3 2 2 3 2 2tan tan tan1 1 1 14 3 2 2 6 2 2 6tan cosb a b b b

aa b a b a b b a b

18. 2 2 3

2

22 22 2 84 12 32 21 4 2

1 ;y y y

yM dx dy dy y

2

2

2 222 1 4

yy y

M x dx dy

23 52

2

22 22 2 2 82 2 43 3 32 32 32 16 3 52 2 21 4 0

4 16 8 16y y yxy

dy y dy y y dy y

3 5 22 82 43 64 32 3 32 8 48 3 316 3 5 16 15 15 32 16 3 52 0

32 16 8 16 y yy y dy y

and 0y by symmetry

19. 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 21 1 1 1 12 2 2 20 0

1 1 1a b

b x a y b a a b a bab ba ab ab abe e e e e

20. 2 11 1 1 1 01 1

00 0 0 00

( , )( , )( , ) ( , )1 0( , ) ( , )

xy x y y F x yF x y yF x y F x yyx y y y yy x y yx

dx dy dy dx F x y F x y

1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0( , ) ( , ) ( , ) ( , )F x y F x y F x y F x y

21. (a) (i) Fubini’s Theorem (ii) Treating ( )G y as a constant (iii) Algebraic rearrangement (iv) The definite integral is a constant number

(b) ln 2 2 ln 2 2 ln 2 020 0 0 0

cos cos sin sin 0 (1)(1) 1x xe y dy dx e dx y dy e e

(c) 2

2 2

122 1 2 11 1 1 1 12 2 2 21 1 1 1 1 1

1 0x xyy y

dx dy dy x dx



22. (a) 1 2 ;uf x y D f u x u y i j the area of the region of integration is 12

average 1 1 1 211 2 1 220 0 0

2 2 (1 ) (1 )x

u x u y dy dx u x x u x dx

32 3 1

(1 )1 1 1 11 2 1 2 1 22 3 2 3 6 6 3

02 2xx xu u u u u u

(b) average 1 211 2 1 2 1 2area area area

y xM Mu uM M

R R Ru x u y dA x dA y dA u u u x u y

23. (a) 2 2 2 2/2 /22 ( )0 0 0 0 0 0

limbx y r r

bI e dx dy e r dr d re dr d

22 21 12 2 4 20 0

lim 1bb

e d d I

(b) 2 21 21 2 212 20 0 0

(2 ) 2 2 , wheret y yt e dt y e y dy e dy y t

24. 3 3 32 2 22 203 3 30 0 0

(1 sin ) (1 sin ) cosR kR kR kRQ kr dr d d

25. For a height h in the bowl the volume of water is 2

2 2 2h h x hh h x x y

V dz dy dx

2

22h h x

h h xh x y dy dx

2 2 242 2 222 4 4 20 0 0 00

.hh hr h hrh r r dr d d d

Since the top of the bowl has area 10 , then we calibrate the bowl by comparing it to a right circular cylinder

whose cross sectional area is 10 from 0 to 10.z z If such a cylinder contains 2

2h cubic inches of water

to a depth w then we have 2 2

2 2010 .h hw w So for 1 inch of rain, 1w and 20;h for 3 inches of

rain, 3w and 60.h

26. (a) An equation for the satellite dish in standard position is 2 21 1

2 2 .z x y Since the axis is tilted 30 , a unit vector

0 a b v i j k normal to the plane of the water level

satisfies 36 2cosb v k 2 1

21a b

312 2 v j k 31 1

2 2 2( 1) 0y z

1 1 1

23 3z y is an equation of the plane of the water level. Therefore the volume of water is

1 1 123 3

2 21 12 2

,y

x yR

V dz dy dx

where R is the interior of the ellipse 2 2 2 2

3 31 0.x y y When 0,x

then y or ,y 2 4 2

33 34 1

2

and 2 4 2

33 34 1

2

1 2

22 2 1 1 13 23 3 3

1 2 2 21 122 2 2 23 3

1

11

y y y

x yy yV dz dx dy



(b) 2120x z y and ;dz

dy y 1 1dzdyy the tangent line has slope 1 or a 45 slant at 45

and thereafter, the dish will not hold water.

27. The cylinder is given by 2 2 1x y from 1z to 5/22 2

Dz r z dV

5 2 5 2 3 22 2 2 2 2 2

2 1 2 1 2 1 130 0 1 0 0 1 0 0

1

lim lim

ax a r zz r

a ar z r z r zdz r dr d dz dr d dr d

3 2 3 22 2 2

11 2 1 22 1 2 2 2 21 1 1 13 3 3 30 0 01 0

lim lim 1r ra ar a r

dr d r a r d

1 2 1 2 1 22 2 1 2 2 2 21 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 13 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 30

lim 1 2 lim 2 1 aa aa a d a

21 13 3 22 .

28. Let’s see?

The length of the “unit” line segment is: 10

2 2.L dx

The area of the unit circle is : 21 1

0 04 .

xA dy dx

The volume of the unit sphere is : 2 2 21 1 1 4

30 0 08 .

x x yV dz dy dx

Therefore, the hypervolume of the unit 4-sphere should be:

2 2 2 2 2 21 1 1 1

hyper 0 0 0 016 .

x x y x y zV dw dz dy dx

Mathematica is able to handle this integral, but we’ll use the brute force approach.

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 21 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2hyper 0 0 0 0 0 0

16 16 1x x y x y z x x y

aV dw dz dy dx x y z dz dy dx

2 2 2 2

2 2

1 1 1 2 20 0 0 1

16 1 1 ;x x y z

x yx y dz dy dx

2 212 2

cos

1 sin

z

x y

dz x y d

2 21 1 0 1 1 02 2 2 2 2 20 0 /2 0 0 /2

16 1 1 cos sin 16 1 sinx x

x y d dy dx x y d dy dx

2 3 21 1 12 2 2 2 2 214 30 0 0

16 1 4 1 1 1x

x y dy dx x x x x dx

3 3/21 12 2 21 83 30 0

4 1 1 1 ;xx x dx x dx cossin

xdx d

20 0 04 28 8 1 cos 2 23 3 2 32 /2 2

sin 1 2cos 2 cos 2d d d

20 cos 4323 2 2 22

2cos 2 d

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44 4 41 21/23/2 - media.pearsoncmg.com · 34 382 8(2)23 364 104 32 33 3 81 81 3 yy y dy dx dx 208; 34(42)/322 324/3 y Iy x z dz dy dx 34 3(4 2 ) (4 2 )32 464 322 2 32 381 3 3 81 3