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7/22/2019 4.Man-Made Tourist Resources
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Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova
Tourism and Hotel Services Faculty
Project in Tourist Resource Management
Course
Student Chicaroș Carolina , T-133Coordonator Roman Livandovschi
Chisinau-2014
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Theme 1. The subject of study Tourism
Resources Management
1. Introduction to the tourism resources
management
Objectives:
O1- to define tourism and the meaning of tourist;
O2- to present several scientists opinions concerning tourism
definition; O3- to find some demonstrative methods.
Key words: tourist, tourism, traveler.
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O1- to define tourism and the meaning of tourist
Tourist- 1.a person who is traveling or visiting a place for
pleasure; 2. (BrE) a member of a sports team that is playing a
series of official games in a foreign country.
Tourism - the business activity connected with providing
accommodation, services and entertainment for people who
are visiting a place for pleasure.
O2- to present several scientists opinions concerning
tourism definition
The travel can be undertaken for many reasons, the most
common are pleasure, business, and study. The subject of
travel is very exciting and fascinating.
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O3- to find some demonstrative methods
The tourism industry is one of the most importantsource of income and foreign exchange, and it is
growling rapidly. Four different perspectives of tourism
can be identified:
The tourist seeks various psychic and physical experience
and satisfactions;
The businesses providing tourist goods and services;
The government of the host community or area. ;
The host community. Local people usually see tourism as a
cultural and employment factor.
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Conclusion:Tourism is a dynamic activity taking a lot of
space, it involves different transportation
links. The romance of travel may not be whatit was in the days of steam, safaris and
stewards but it is the most important industry
in the world.
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2. The position in the system of economic and
geographical sciences
Objectives:
O1- to find the relation between tourism and economy;
O2- to stress the importance of tourism with geography;
O3- to characterize the tourism with other sciences.
Key words: economy, link, impact.
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O1- to find the relation between tourism and economy
Importance of an economic nature. Considerable incomesare obtained through the consumption of tourism product.Tourism is becoming a top economic field. Tourism is thefastest growing industry in the world, contributing 6% to theworld economy.
O2- to stress the importance of tourism with geography
Geotourism is tourism that sustains, or even enhances, the
geographical character of a place, such as its culture,environment, heritage, and well-being of its residents. Relationbetween geography and tourism are named Geotourism, italso can influence on tourism, here are specified theenvironment.
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O3- to characterize the tourism with other sciences
Tourism activity is common with such sciences as:
geology, history, biology, psychology, medicine, chemistry
which also participate in the setting up of tourism potential of
a given region.
Hydrology – gives tourism the information about the tide
periods, weather (situation in the seas, oceans, river
regimes and character, dangerous zones).
Meteorology- It present the situation concerning the
weather which is a direct influence on the tourism activity,
i.e. it is useful not only concerning the clothes of tourists,
but also the activity in tourism infrastructure.
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Conclusion:
We have just know the retort: ”The strength
only appear , when they are more than one
person”, in this case, to conclude, I could say
that tourism with the help of many sciences
and economic branches had become-one ofthe important branch of economy. Only the
word “tourism” for all the people in the world
create the impression about entertaining andrelax and, of course, to find something new
that daily appears in our epoch.
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3. Principles, methods and means of study
Objectives:
O1- to specify the main principles, methods and means ofstudy.
Key words: principles, methods and means.
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O1- to specify the main principles, methods and means ofstudy.
Tourism activity uses a series of principles, specific:
The principles of specialty- according to which the research
of tourism phenomena make use as a key method of
observation and is means of study- the description.
Principles of causality (cause)- which aim is the study of
appearance (emergence) assertion and development of
tourism process.
Principles of integration- of characteristic phenomena in
logical structures, designed to show the objective aspects.
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Conclusion:
To sum up, we have to understand these
three principles ,the methods and means ofstudy for a correct perceiving in detailed
study of each natural elements, and
generally, of tourist phenomenon.
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4.The categories of tourism resources
management
Objectives:
O1 - to develop the meaning of tourism;
O2- to specify the categories of tourists and its explanations;
O3 - to enumerate categories of tourism.
Key words: tourist, visitor, traveler, excursionist.
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O1- to develop the meaning of tourism;
The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as peoplewho ”travel to and stay in places outside their usual
environment for not more than one consecutive year forleisure, business and other purposes not related to theexercise of an activity remunerated from within the placevisited”.
O2- the categories of tourists and its explanations
The tourist is the driving force under the tourismphenomenon, while tourism is the result of this activity.
International tourism
Internal tourism
Domestic tourism
National tourism
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O3- to enumerate categories of tourism
The tourism phenomenon is defined by a seriesof notions. The most used are:
tourist; tourism; tourism potential; tourist supply;
tourist demand.
Natural tourism resources: climate; relief.
Man-made resources:museums, monuments; churches.
Tourist: infrastructure; tourist potential; tourist flow; tourist
product; Tourism market; tourism content; tourism balance; tourism
market.
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Conclusion:
Tourism in our days he different
meanings and senses, as tourist that takepart in the own category and have special
understandings so ”Tourism is leaving its
mark, often too literally so” .
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5. The factors influencing the tourism
phenomenon
Objectives:
O1 - to define the meaning of demographic factors;
O2 - to analyze the economic and politic factors;
O3 - to reveal more clearly the psychological and social
factors.
Key words: factors, economy, politic, psychology, social.
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O1 - to define the meaning of demographic factors
Demog raph ic factors- persons needs of relaxation,
physical-psychical recovering and of knowing;
O2 - to analyze the economic and politic factors
Econom ic factors- they are very important for tourismphenomenon.
Pol i t ic facto rs- they often contribute to the development orthe restriction of the tourism activity
O3- to reveal more clearly the psychological and socialfactors
Psychological factors- it involves the mental activity ofpeople concerning its interests for nature, health andbeauty.
Social factors - the brain of this is free time of population.
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Conclusion:
I dare say that when a tourist choose aplace or country in order to visit it, he thinks
about the environment he will be around i.e.about all factors I have mentioned, that havea great influence on a country. And, afteranalyzing them he tries to do a conclusion ifhave or not have to go to the adequate placeor a country.
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Theme 2. The history of tourism
development
1. The stage of tourism in ancient times
(antiquity)
Objectives:
O1- to show the development of tourism in Antiquity;
O2- to speak about Greeks and ancient Greece;
O3- to stress the important of Roman Empire.
Key words: pilgrimage, culture, country, Asia, Europe,
Greece.
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O1- to show the development of tourism in Antiquity
The emergence of human civilization in East Asia, South
Asia, South-West Asia, in the Mediterranean represented a
favorable occasion for tourism movements.
Alexandria - Egypt
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East Asia - China
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South Asia - India
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South-West Asia-Mesopotamia
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O2- to speak about Greeks and ancient Greece
While previous civilisations had set the stage for development of
travel, the Romans brought it all together. In Greeks times water
was the most important means of moving commercial goods.
Athens-Greece
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O3- to stress the important of Roman Empire
The Roman combination of empire, roads,wealth, leisure,
tourist attractions, and a desire for travel created a demand
for accommodation and other tourist services.
Rome- Italy
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Conclusion:
Middle Age was an important stage in
tourism development and for whole world,
because: appear first university, the sporting
games, and a lot of link ways.
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2. The stage of tourism in the middle ages
until the Renaissance
Objectives:
O1- to show the tourism development in Middle Ages
Key words: Middle Age, Commercial changes, pilgrims,
maritime links, ins network.
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O1- to show the tourism development in Middle Ages
This stage is also called pseudo-tourism stage. In Middle Ages was commercial changes appear first ways along the
Europe, In basin of Mediterranean Sea, East Asia and South-East.
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Conclusion:
In this period is more religious , but with
all this commercial exchange and marinelink are intensifying. Nevertheless , it is the
human fortune to overcome obstacles in the
name of region and trade.
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3. The stage of tourism in the late middle
ages during the Renaissance and the great
geographic discoveries till the mid of 20thcentury
Objectives:O1- to analyze the impact of Great Geographical Discoveries
on tourism;
O2- to name some events happened in this period;
O3- to define the meaning of holiday in that period.
Key words: religion, industrial revolution.
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O1- to analyze the impact of Great Geographical
Discoveries on tourism
The important factor in the history of travel was the
Renaissance- for ex: Germany, Switzerland, and the LowCountries. The population explosion in the West, increased
number of tourists.
Germany
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Switzerland
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The Low Countries-Belgium
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O2- to name some events happened in this period
Development occurred because of three factors:
The approval of the medical profession;
Court patronage;
Local entrepreneurship to take advantage of the first two.
O3- to define the meaning of holiday in that period
The term holiday comes from holy days- days for religious
observances. The vacation was negotiated between employer andworkers and was again due to the economic and social changesbrought about by the Industrial Revolution. It made sense to takethe holidays during the warmer summer months.
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Conclusion:
To sum up, I could say that this stagerepresent just a level of continuing of theevolution in tourism domain. Here we can
remark a social stability, but also there aresome painful exceptions like World Wars,which were reflecting with negative aspectson tourism activity. But, although the stability
generated the progress in many socialspheres, the driving force was the humanneed to accelerate the progress.
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4. The period of contemporary
tourism. Mass tourism
Objectives:
O1- to show the causes of apparition of contemporary
tourism
Key words: mass tourism.
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O1- to show the causes of apparition of contemporary
tourism
The stage of contemporary tourism represents the
perfection of the previous stages adjusted to the
contemporary life features. The tourism movement intensified
all over the world are:
the shorting of the working days and weeks;
the rise in the standard of living; the development and diversification of tourism supply on
original scale;
the increase need for relaxation with regard to city life.
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Conclusion:
Performant evolution of production
processes from contemporary society , that isassociated to the growth of machines
pressure on the spirits are the main causes,
that leave their doors opened for tourismaffirmation in future. The growth of leisure
time and level of culture represent for the
practicability of tourism, the sin qua non conditions, both for development and for
affirmation.
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Theme 3. Natural tourist resources
1. The forms of the relief as natural touristresources
Objectives:
O1- to understand what represent escarpments;
O2- to appoint the great varieties of the relief’s forms and to
describe them;
O3- to speak about what means a cave and its composition.
Key words: relief, escarpments (scarps), crest, peaks,
defiles, canyons, gorges, banks, caves(caverns).
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O1- to understand what represent escarpments
One of natural tourist resources with a tourist attraction is the
relief. Relief is the most rich and diverse attractive resource of
the world. It is the core of any landscape.Sierra Nevada Mountain in the western U.S.
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God’s Window in South Africa
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Niagara Falls is located where the Niagara River crosses
the escarpments
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O2- to appoint the great varieties of the relief’s forms and
to describe them
The crests and the peaks –represent lines and points of certain
sides of the mountains.The gorges, the defiles, and the canyonsconstitute an imposing group of natural resources.
The Grand Canyon of Colorado in Arizona
Fi h Ri C I N ibi
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Fish River Canyon In Namibia
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O3- to speak about what means a cave and its
composition
The caves have an attractive potential thanks to their
important recreational resources: their shape,archeologicaland paleontological remains, and fossil glaciers.
Temple of the Sun” in Carlsbad Caverns
f l
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Frozen Waterfal
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Marble Caves Chile
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Conclusion:
In conclusion, I will admit the fact, that the
relief represents the base or fundamental of
each tourist attraction. We know that in
interconnection with it there are someattractive elements of nature like
hydrography, climate, fauna and vegetation.
And, as a result - the relief has a greatimportance for tourism activity.
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2. Climate as natural tourist resources
Objectives:
O1- to understand the meaning of climate and climate
determinants;
O2-to define weather, monsoon, tornado, temperature;
O3- to describe clouds, precipitation and types of it,
pressure, wind.
Key words: climate, weather, temperature, humidity,
cloudiness, precipitations, wind, pressure.
O1- to understand the meaning of climate and climate
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O1 to understand the meaning of climate and climatedeterminants
Climate- the long-term effect of the sun’s radiation on therotation earth’s varied surface to atmosphere. Climateencourages or discourages the act of tourism, catalyzing orinhibiting the tourist stay.
O2- to define weather, monsoon, tornado, temperature
Weather- the elements of weather include temperature,humidity, cloudiness, precipitation, wind, and pressure.
Monsoon- wind that changes direction with the change ofseasons; the monsoon prevails mainly in the Indian Ocean.
A tornado is a violently spinning column of air in contactwith both a cumuliform cloud base and the surface.
Temperature is a measure of the degree of hotness of the
air. Scientists used Kelvin or absolute scale, Celsius.
O3 to describe clouds precipitation and types of it
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O3- to describe clouds, precipitation and types of it,pressure, wind
Most clouds and almost all precipitation are produced by thecooling of air as it rises. The branch of meteorology that studiesclouds is nephrology.
Precipitations like rain, drizzle, snow are very complex
phenomena.
Pressure is the force of the air on given surface divided by thearea of that surface. In most weather systems the air pressure isequal to the weight of the air column divided by the area of thecolumn.
Wind is the horizontal movement of air. It is named for thedirection from which it comes.
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Conclusion:
In conclusion I can say that climate andits components: weather, temperature,humidity, pressure, etc., has important rolein tourist change because this factors candetermine the main goal of people.
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O t d t d h t h d h i t
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O1- to understand what mean hydrography, river system
and lake
The main forms of hydrography’s presence in tourism are :
River system;
Lakes;
Sea and ocean water;
Waterfal ls;
Geysers;
Mineral , thermal, and thermo-mineral sp rings;
Glaciers.
h il l i i
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The Nile longest River in Egypt
The largest lakes are Lake Baikal in Central Asia
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The largest lakes are Lake Baikal, in Central Asia
Alaska - U.S.
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O2- to describe sea ocean and waterfall
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O2- to describe sea, ocean and waterfall
Sea – general designation for all the salt water in all the
specific oceans and seas that cover a large area of the surface of
the earth.
The Mediterranean Sea
The Caspian Sea
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The Caspian Sea
The Sea of Galilee
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The Sea of Galilee
Ocean - continuous body of salt water that is contained in
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y
enormous basins on the Earth's surface. The oceans and their
marginal seas cover nearly 71 percent of the Earth's surface, with
an average depth of 3,795 metres (12,450 feet).
Boundary between the Arctic and Pacific Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean
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The Atlantic Ocean
The Indian Ocean
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The Indian Ocean
Waterfall - area where flowing river water drops abruptly
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g p p y
and nearly vertically. Waterfalls represent major interruptions
in river flow.
The waterfall in the Angel Fall in Venezuela
The largest waterfall is Khone Falls on the
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The largest waterfall is Khone Falls on the
Mekong River in Laos
The Yosemite Falls in California-US
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The Yosemite Falls in California US
O3- to develop more detail the geyser and glacier
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p g y g
Geyser - any of a class of hot springs that discharges jets
of steam and water intermittently.
Old Faithful in Yellowstone Park, United States
Glacier - any large mass of perennial ice that originates on
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Glacier - any large mass of perennial ice that originates on
land by the recrystallization of snow or other forms of solid
precipitation and that shows evidence of past or present flow.
Antarctica Glaciers
The Greenland glaciers
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The Greenland glaciers
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Conclusion:
Thus, this forms of hydrography, being
also natural resources, attract visitors
through their height, beauty, anduniqueness, as the other resources do so.
4 Vegetation (flora) as natural tourist
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4. Vegetation (flora) as natural touristresources
Objectives:
O1- to describe vegetation like a general term and the forest;
O2- to show the classification of forest;
O3- to name some the type of unusual trees like sequoia or
baobab.
Key words: Vegetation, functions, structure, forests.
O1- to describe vegetation like a general term and the
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O1- to describe vegetation like a general term and the
forest
Vegetation is closely linked to relief and climate.
Vegetation is a general term for the plant life of a region; it
refers to the ground cover life forms, structure, spatial
extent or any other specific botanical or geographic
characteristics.
Forest – plant community, predominantly of trees or
other woody vegetation, occupying an extensive area of
land. Climate, soil, and the topography of the regiondetermine the characteristic trees of a forest.
Native Grasslands in South Dakota Arizona
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Native Grasslands in South Dakota Arizona
O2- to show the classification of forest
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Classification:
Forest may be divided into the following eight general
types on the basis of leaf characteristics and climate: Deciduous forests of the temperate regions are the typical
formation of the eastern United states.
Deciduous monsoon forest are characteristic of
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Bengal and Myanmar
Savanna from Brazil
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Northern coniferous forests
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Tropical rain forest are characteristic of central
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p
Africa and the Amazon watershed
Temperate evergreen forests from Everglades
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din Florida
Temperate rain forests are common on
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Mediterranean coasts
Tropical scrub forest occur in regions of slight
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rainfall, bordering wetter forests
O3- to name some the type of unusual trees like sequoia
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or baobab
There are many types of unusual trees around the worldthat exhibit a variety of interesting characteristics.
Like the ginkgo , the dawn redwood is old enough to be
considered a living fossil.
Like other sequoias , the dawn redwood grows well from
seeds, and seedlings have been successfully grown in manyof the milder parts of the East Coast of the United States.
Baobab- common name for a tropical African tree (Mallow).
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Conclusion:
Vegetation is a factor of great importance for
tourists while choosing a destination. In such
way, this natural resource through its variety
make from a place to seem more challenge
and attractive.
5. Fauna (wildlife) as natural tourist
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5. Fauna (wildlife) as natural tourist
resources
Objectives:
O1- to describe fauna as a general term;
O2- to speak about hunting and types of fauna.
Key words: Fauna, wildlife, flora, animals, significance,
television show
O1- to describe fauna as a general term
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Fauna - is all of the animal life of any particular region ortime. Zoologists and paleontologists use fauna to refer to atypical collection of animals found in a specific time or place.
O2- to speak about hunting and types of fauna
Hunting- sport of pursuing and killing wild game animals in
order to provide food, or simply for the thrill of the chase.Epifauna are animals that live upon the surface of
sediments or soils.
Macrofauna are benthic or soil organisms which are atleast one millimeter in length.
Meiofauna are small benthic invertebrates that live in bothmarine and fresh water environments.
Mesofauna are macroscopic soil invertebrates such asarthropods, earthworms, and nematodes.
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Conclusion:
Fauna by media coverage and inclusion ofconservation education in early school
curriculum, wildlife tourism and ecotourism
has fast become a popular industrygenerating substantial income for poor nations
with rich wildlife specially in Africa and India.
This ever growing and ever becoming more
popular form of tourism is providing the much
needed incentive for poor nations to conserve
their rich wildlife heritage and its habitat.
6. The tourist landscapes
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p
Objectives:
O1- to reveal the understanding of tourist landscape;
O2- to speak about coastal landscapes and culturallandscape;
O3- to name the type of landscape and to describe the first to
types
Key words: Tourist landscape; limestone, volcanic,
mountain and coastal landscapes; beach; cultural landscapes
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O1- to reveal the understanding of tourist landscape
A tourist landscape can be described as constructedthrough a variety of symbolic and material transformations ofan original physical and/or socioeconomic landscape inorder to serve the interests of tourists and the touristindustry.
The word "landscape" itself combines 'land' with a verb ofGermanic origin, "scapjan/ schaffen" to mean, literally,'shaped lands'. Lands were then regarded to have been
shaped by natural forces, and the unique details of suchlandshaffen (shaped lands) became themselves the subjectof 'landscape' paintings.
O2- to name the type of landscape and to describe the
fi t t t
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first to types
There are 4 types of tourist landscapes:
Karstic ( limestone) landscapes;
Volcanic landscape;
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Mountainous landscape;
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Coastal landscape
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O3- to speak about coastal landscapes and cultural
landscape
A beach is a geological landform along the shoreline of a
body of water. It usually consists of loose particles which are
often composed of rock, such as sand, gravel, shingle,
pebbles, or cobble.
There are several beaches which are claimed to be the
"World's longest", including
Cox's Bazar Bangladesh
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Fraser Island Beach
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90 Mile Beach in Australia
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90 Mile Beach in New Zealand
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Conclusion:
So, through their variety, beauty and
uniqueness, landscapes are the attributes
that attract a great number of visitors.
Composed of vegetation, fauna, relief,
hydrography and a favorable climate, the
landscapes represent a piece from the
heaven grandeur.
Theme 4: Man-Made Tourist
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Resources
1.The tourist attributes of the man-madetourist resources
Objectives:
O1- to describe and analyze the tourist attributes of the man-
made resources;
O2- to give some examples more detailed of the man-madetourist resources.
Key words: Attributes, antiquity, uniqueness, novelty,dimension, past and present function, Louvre, MetropolitanMuseum, Hermitage museum.
O1- to describe and analyze the tourist attributes of the man-
made resources
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made resources
The attractive man-made resources represent some
entertaining elements which are created by the man.Antiquity - Egyptian Pyramids
Uniqueness - Leaning Tower of Pisa
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Novelty - La Tour Eiffel
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Dimension - Twin Towers of Malaysia
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Present and past functions
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O2- to give some examples of the man-made tourist
resources
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resources
The man- made resources can be:
Gods Window
Rome, Italy
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The Trade Center build from Santa Fé;
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Buckingham Palace
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Conclusion:
To summarize, I dare say that all these
tourist attributes offer to visitors to learn about
all man-made resources secrets, i.e. to
discover the base or fundamental of them.
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O1- to distinguish which are the historical erections
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Historical erections are the constructions made a long
period ago having different function and now they are likeindication, representing the moments and atmosphere of theperiod they belong to.
The historical erections are the following:
castrums;
castles;
palaces;
fortifications;
forts;
fortress;
citadels.
O2- to define the forts and the fortifications
Many military installations are known as forts The term is
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Many military installations are known as forts. The term is
derived from the Latin fortis ("strong") and facere ("to make").
Old City Walls, Avila, Spain
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O3- to point out a conclusion and to speak about citadels
A citadel is a fortress for protecting a town, sometimes
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A citadel is a fortress for protecting a town, sometimes
incorporating a castle. The term derives from the same Latin
root as the word "city", civis, meaning citizen.
The Citadel from Cairo
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Conclusion:
Historical erections represent constructions
from remote past, the vestige left from
antiquity, showing us the period in which they
were built with the purpose to show us their
uniqness.
3.Religious edifices
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Objectives:
O1- to define what does mean religious edifices;
O2- to speak about mosque and cathedral;
O3- to describe synagogue, monastery and stupa;
O4 - to develop the meaning of mausoleum and pyramid
Key words: Religious edifices, house church, temple,synagogues, cathedrals, mosques, sanctuaries, monasteries,stupas, pyramids.
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A temple (from the Latin word templum) is a structure
reserved for religious or spiritual activities, such as prayer and
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sacrifice, or analogous rites.
Mumbai India
O2- to speak about mosque and cathedral
Mosque- the primary purpose of the mosque is to serve as al h M li t th f Th
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place where Muslims can come together for prayer. Themosques are known around the world nowadays
Kaaba - the first mosque in the world
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Sanctuary has multiple meanings. A sanctuary is theconsecrated area of a church or temple around its tabernacle
or altar
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or altar.
Sanctuary Saint Thomas
O3- to describe synagogue, monastery and stupa
A synagogue is a Jewish house of prayer. Synagogues
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usually have a large hall for prayer (the main sanctuary),
smaller rooms for study and sometimes a social hall and
offices.
The Sofia Synagogue in Sofia, Bulgaria
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A stupa is a mound-like structure containing Buddhistrelics--typically, the remains of a Buddha or saint. The stupais the latest Buddhist religious monument
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is the latest Buddhist religious monument.
O4- to develop the meaning of mausoleum and pyramid
A mausoleum is an external free-standing buildingconstructed as a monument enclosing the interment space or
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constructed as a monument enclosing the interment space orburial chamber of a deceased person or persons.
Taj Mahal at Agra, India
Lenin's Mausoleum in Moscow, Russia
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Grant's Tomb, New York City - a reduced-scale
version of Mausolos' original mausoleum
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The three pyramids of Moody Gardens in
Galveston, Texas
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4. Cultural and sports edifices
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Objectives:
O1- to speak about cultural and sport edifices;
O2- to describe the cultural edifice: theatre and some sport
edifices;
O3- to determine the meaning of opera;
O4- to understand the ”permanent institution”: museum
Key words: Cultural and sport edifices, agora, forum,
theatre, amphitheatre, stadiums, opera, museums.
O1- to speak about cultural and sport edifices
The Agora was an open "place of assembly" in ancient
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Greek city-states. Early in Greek history, free-born male land-
owners who were citizens would gather in the agora for
military duty or to hear statements of the ruling king or councl.
O2- to describe the cultural edifice: theatre and somesport edifices
Theatre was very popular amongst the Ancient Romans
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Theatre was very popular amongst the Ancient Romans.
The name "Colosseum" came from a colossal statue (120
ft. high) of Nero.It was built by the members of the Flavian.
O3- to determine the meaning of opera
The word "Opera" means "work" suggesting that itcombines the arts of solo and choral singing declamation
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combines the arts of solo and choral singing, declamation,acting and dancing in a staged spectacle.
Opera Italy
O4- to understand the ”permanent institution”:
A museum is a "permanent institution in the service ofsociety and of its development open to the public which
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society and of its development, open to the public, whichresearches, for the purposes of education, study, and
enjoyment", as defined by the International Council ofMuseums.
The Museo Sacro, the first museum in the VaticanMuseums complex, was opened in Rome in 1756
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Conclusion:
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Conclusion:
So, cultural and sport edifices, represents
buildings from different periods, beginning with
ancient times, and that amaze everybodythrough their architecture, antiquity,
uniqueness, and throughout other elements.
5.Economic edifices intended for tourist
activities
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activities
Objectives:
O1- to understand the meaning bridge and describe some
types of bridge;
O2- to give some examples of tunnels;
O3- to specify something about canal, types of artificial
waterways.
Key words: Bridges, types of bridges, tunnel, subway,
canal, dam.
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The Seikan Tunnel in Japan is the longest railtunnel in the world at 53.9 km (33.4 miles), ofwhich 23.3 km (14.5 miles) is under the sea.
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which 23.3 km (14.5 miles) is under the sea.
St. Clair Tunnel, opened in 1890, was the first full-size subaqueous tunnel in North America.
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O3- to specify something about canal, types of artificialwaterways
Canals are artificial channels for water There are two types
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Canals are artificial channels for water. There are two typesof canals: irrigation canals, and waterways canals used for
passage of goods and people, often connected to existinglakes, rivers, or oceans.
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Conclusion:
Economic edifices are not only buildings as
a tourist attributes, but they also carry someimportant and useful functions for the
development of a country.
6. Monuments, statues, commemorativeplaques
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Objectives:
O1- to give definitions of monument and to develop it;
O2- to define statue and give examples of modern obelisk;
O3- to describe megalith and give examples of Europeanmegalith.
Key words: Monument, statue, statuette, obelisk, megalithicmonument.
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An obelisk is a tall, narrow, four-sided, tapering monumentwhich ends in a pyramidal top. Ancient obelisks were made ofa single piece of stone (a monolith).
Victory Obelisk in Moscow Russia
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Victory Obelisk in Moscow, Russia
McKinley Monument, on Niagara Square, inBuffalo, New York, USA, 1907 (96ft)
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Obelisk of Buenos Aires, Argentina – built in 1936
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O3- to describe megalith and give examples of European
Megalith
A megalith is a large stone which has been used to
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A megalith is a large stone which has been used to
construct a structure or monument, either alone or together
with other stones.
Stonehenge, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
Conclusion:
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Conclusion:
All monuments, statues and other
commemorative plaques built for the honour
as a memory of famous or just simple person,represent not only a symbol but at the same
time they are fastens attributes of great
interest manifested by people.
7. Purely tourist edifices
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Objectives:
O1- to name some purely edifices and to speak about theme
park; O2- to show the meaning of casino;
O3- to specify something about fountain and to describe some
famous traditional fountains.
Key words: Casinos, first known casinos, fountains,
amusement park, Disney’s California adventure.
O1- to name some purely edifices and to speak abouttheme park
Amusement park is the generic term for a collection of
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p grides and other entertainment attractions assembled for the
purpose of entertaining a large group of people.Disneyland - SUA
O2- to show the meaning of casino
A casino is, in the modern sense of today's world, a facility
that houses and accommodates certain types of gambling
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that houses and accommodates certain types of gambling
activities. Casinos are built near or combined with hotels,
restaurants, retail shopping.
The Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island
O3- to specify something about fountain and to describesome famous traditional fountains
A traditional fountain is an arrangement where water issuesfrom a source fills a basin of some kind and is drained away
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from a source , fills a basin of some kind, and is drained away.
Port Fountain, World's third tallest fountainlocated in Karachi, Pakistan.
Swann Memorial Fountain in Philadelphia
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The Gardens of Versailles fountains on thegrounds of the Palace of Versailles near Paris
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Buckingham Fountain in Chicago
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Conclusion:
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These kind of edifices are very popularthat’s why many tourists are becoming willingthen they visit them, and just like to spend a
great time there with a lot of fun.
Theme 5: Human tourist activities
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1. Carnivals SUBJECTS:
O1- Carnivals;
O2- Fairs, exhibitions, religious pilgrimages and shrines;
O3- Artistic festivals and sporting events;
O4- Tourist resources of an ethnographic nature;
Keywords: Carnival,celebration
O1- Carnivals
Carnaval is a festive season which occurs immediately
before Lent; the main events are usually during February. Carnival
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typically involves a public celebration or parade combinin soe
elements of a circus, mask and public street party.
The Saturnalia Carnaval
The Swabian Alemannic Carnaval
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Conclusion:
Carnivals represent a great attraction for
tourists.
2. Fairs, exhibitions, religious pilgrimages and
shrines
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Objectives:
O1- to define and name some fairs
O2- to define exhibitions
Keywords: fairs,exhibitions,pilgrimages
O1- to define and name some fairs
A fair is a gathering of people to display or trade produce or
other goods, to parade or display animals and often to enjoy
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other goods, to parade or display animals and often to enjoy
associated carnival or funfair entertainment.
Munich, Oktoberfest, Germany
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O2- to define exhibitions
An exhibition is an organized presentation and display of a
selection of items. In practice, exhibitions usually occur
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within museums, galleries andexhibition halls. Exhibitions
include for example: and commercial exhibitions, or trade fairs.
St. Petersburg, Veliky Novgorod
C l i
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Conclusion:
Nowadays the popularity of fairs and
exhibitions is rising which means they attractmore people.
3. Artistic festivals and sporting events
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Objectives:
O1- to define and characterize festivals
O2- to define and name some multi-sporting events
Keywords: festival,event,culture,international
O1- to define and characterize festivals
A festival or gala is usually a fun event, usually and ordinarily
staged by a local community, which centers on and celebrates
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g y y,
some unique aspect of that community and the Festival.
The Halloween in U.S.A.
The Christmas in China
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The Spain Festival
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O2- to define and name some multi-sporting events
A multi-sport event is an organized sporting event, often
held over multiple days, featuring competition in many different
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sports between organized teams of athletes from nation-states.
The first Olimpic Game
The center of Olympic Stadium in East London
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C l i
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Conclusion:
Festivals and sporting events are very
popular.Thousands of people get together at
such kind of events.
4. Tourist resources of an ethnographic nature
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Objectives:
O1- to define and describe etnography
O2- to define and describe sociology
Keywords: Ethnography, science, sociology
O1- to define and describe etnography
Ethnography is a qualitative research design aimed at
exploring cultural phenomena. An ethnography is a means to
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represent graphically and in writing, the culture of a people.
The Ethnography of Italy
O2- to define and describe sociology
Sociology is the scientific study of human society and its
origins, development, organizations, and institutions.The
di i l f f i l i l d i l ifi i
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traditional focuses of sociology include social stratification,
social class, culture, race and ethnicity, gender and sexuality,religion, secularization, law.
C l i
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Conclusion:
Etnography as a science is in a close
conection with tourism.
Theme 6. “Natural Tourist Resources of
the Republic of Moldova”
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1. Relief as tourist resource
Obectives:
O1- to describe the relief of the Republic of Moldova
Key words: relief,plains,valleys
O1- to describe the relief of the Republic of Moldova
Moldova lies to the east of the great arc of the Carpathian
Mountains It is underlain mostly by deep sedimentary rocks
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Mountains. It is underlain mostly by deep sedimentary rocks
covering the southwestern portion of the ancient structuralblock known as the Russian, or East European, Plain. Harder
crystalline rocks outcrop only in the north. Its surface is a hilly
plain, with an average elevation of 482 feet (147 metres), cut
by a deep network of river valleys, ravines, and gullies.
The uplands of the centre of the republic, the Codri Hills, lie
at an average elevation of about 1,150 to 1,300 feet (350 to
400 metres)
Due to its geological formations, the Republic of Moldovahas varied forms of relief and scenery that represent great
attractions for tourism:
Scenic points in the karst and limy relief of the
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Scenic points in the karst and limy relief of the
“Toltrele Prutului”
Toltrele Nistrului
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Raut Hills
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The Tigheci Hills
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The banks of the Prut River
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Conclusion:
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The relief of the Republic of Moldova has
an important influence on the development of
tourism.
2. Climate as tourist resource
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Obectives:
O1-to describe the climate of the Republic of Moldova
Key words: climate,winds,temperature
O1-to describe the climate of the Republic of Moldova
The Climate of Republic of Moldova is continental moderate-
temperate with a thermal regime, favorable for practicing
diff t t f t i Th f f th
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different types of tourism. The four seasons of the year are
clearly defined. The summer is hot and long, with the long
periods of drought. Winter is mild but not always white.
The temperature ofthe soil ranges between
+10 °C and +12 °C. The
precipitation ranges
between 370 and 560
mm/year and more than10% falls as snow,
which can melt several
times during winter.
Conclusion:
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Climate of the Republic of Moldova is
favourable for the development of tourism.
3. Hydrography as tourist resource
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Objectives:
O1- to describe the hydrographical touristical potential of the
Republic of Moldova
Key words: hydrography, rivers, lakes
O1- to describe the hydrographical touristical potential of
the Republic of Moldova
Th h d hi l t i ti l t ti l ti
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The hydrographical touristical potential, representing a
well developed hydrographic network: over 3000 of rivers and
rivulets , the largest being Nistru river, with a total length on the
territory of the republic of Moldova of 660 km, Prut river – 695
km, Raut river – 286 km, Cogalnic river – 243 km etc.There are
4 natural lakes: Manta, Dracele, Bic and Beleu.
The mineral waters are found on the whole territory of the
republic, with debits that vary in different localities. Mineralwater resources could contribute to the development of the
balneo-tourism.
Rivers- there are 3,621 rivers and water-springs inMoldova. All of them form part of the Black Sea basin. The
largest rivers include:
The Dniester - 1,352 km long , 657 km in Moldova
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, g ,
The Pruth 976 km long, 695 km in Moldova
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The Reut - 286 km long
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Lakes - there are approximately 60 natural lakes inMoldova. Most of them are the lakes located in the high-
water beds of the rivers Pruth
Beleu
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The large water-storage reservoirs have been created forhydro-power plants:
Costesti –Stinca (735.0 mln.m3)
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Ground waters
Ground waters have a special role in the surface water
balance in Moldova. The distribution of the available ground
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g
waters is not even across Moldova, because their major portionis concentrated in the high-water beds of the Dniester and the
Pruth.
Mineral Waters
There are 27 types of mineral water being approved for use
and certified in the Republic of Moldova; these are drawn from
47 table, table/therapeutic or therapeutic water springs;
furthermore, there are water sources with balneological (spa)
characteristics.
Industrial Waters
The industrial ground water available in Moldova contains
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less-common extractable chemical elements, with the waterscontaining iodine, bromine, strontium, cesium, rubidium, boron
and helium being the most widespread.
Thermal Waters
Thermal water is common in the high-water bed of the Pruth
and in the southern regions of Moldova. The water temperatureis 20.0-80.00 C, and the water debit of the wells is 10-100 m3
per day.
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Conclusion:
Hydrography of the Republic of
Moldova is favourable for the development of
tourism.
4. Tourist landscapes
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Objectives: O1- to describe the main tourist landscapes of the Republic of
Moldova
Key words: landscape, tourist, heritage, culture
O1- to describe the main tourist landscapes of the
Republic of Moldova
Here are a lot of touristic objectives in Moldova, which had
preserved the traditions and cultural values during many
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preserved the traditions and cultural values during many
centuries
Orheiul Vechi
Curchi
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Cricova Cellars
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Museums- the Republic of Moldova has many museums inthe care of the Ministry of Culture, local public authorities and
other organisations. The Republic of Moldova’s museums
are mostly housed in buildings of architectural importance
and feature rich collections of art
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and feature rich collections of art.
Museum of Arts
Military Museum
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Conclusion:
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Conclusion:
The landscapes of Republic of Moldova
have a big touristic potential.
Theme 7. Man-made Tourist Resources ofthe Republic of Moldova
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1. Historic erections
Objectives:
O1- to describe fortresses of the Republic of Moldova
Key words: Fortress
O1- to describe fortresses of the Republic of Moldova A network of fortresses was built in the medieval Moldova to
protect it from enemy attacks. Soroca fortress was part of a
huge Moldovan defensive system in the medieval times.
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Tighina Fortress was first mentioned as an important customspost in a commerce grant issued by Moldavian hospodar
Alexandru cel Bun to merchants from Lvov on October 8 1408.
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Conclusion:
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The fortresses of Republic of Moldova
represent a true treasure for tourists.Their
beauty and amazing history makes them to
attract many visitors.
2. Religious erections
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Objectives: O1- to describe the most famous monasteries of the Republic
of Moldova
Keywords: Monastery, church
O1- to describe the most famous monasteries of theRepublic of Moldova
Capriana monastery is one of the oldest monasteries in
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Basarabia. It is situated only 35 km north - west of Chisinau,at the Isnovat locality.
Tipova Monastery is one of the oldest monasteries inthe Republic of Moldova is situated near the locality with the
same name. The monastery is spaded in stone on the
bunch of Nistru River.
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Monastery, Vaslui
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Saharna Monastery
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Curchi Monastery is one of the most importantarchitectural monuments of Bessarabia, and it is also
considered to be one of the most beautiful and famous
monasteries of the region.
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Conclusion:
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Moldova is an orthodox country and has
a lot of religious erections which represent abig potential for tourism.
3. Cultural, sports and economic erections Objectives:
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O1- to name and describe the most famous theatres of the
Republic of Moldova
O2- to name and describe the most important museums of the
Republic of Moldova
O3- to name and describe the most important sports erections
of the Republic of Moldova
Key words: Theatre, museum, sports erection
O1- to name and describe the most famous theatres of theRepublic of Moldova
The National Opera and Ballet Theatre of Moldova
in Chişinău, Moldova was founded in the mid-1940s.
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The largest theater in Moldova is the National theaterMihai Eminescu. The theater was founded in 1920 and
used to be called the National Theater in Chisinau.
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Theatre „Eugène Ionesco” is one of the mostimportant theatres in Chisinau; founded shortly after
Moldova has proclaimed its independence, on 11.09.1991.
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Ginta Latina theatre was created on 1st august 1989 bySandri Ion Scurea. It is home to performances related to the
interests of young people and children.
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O2- to name and describe the most important museums ofthe Republic of Moldova
The National Museum of Ethnography and Natural
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History is the oldest museum in Moldova. It is located inChisinau and was founded in October 1889.
The National Museum of Fine Arts is located inChisinau.It was founded in November 1939 by Alexandru
Plămădeală and Auguste Baillayre.