4.OME201101 GSM BTS312 Hardware Structure

7/27/2019 4.OME201101 GSM BTS312 Hardware Structure

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Huawei Confidential. All Rights Reserved

ISSUE 3.3

OME201101 GSM BTS312

Hardware Structure


2/62

Internal Use

Objectives

Upon completion this course, you will be

able to:

Know the functions and features ofBTS

Master the BTS hardware structure

Master the signal processing of BTS


3/62

Internal Use

References

31013229-BTS312 User Manual-(V4.01)


4/62

Internal Use

Chapter 1 Overview

Chapter 2 System Components

Chapter 3 Signal Processing

Chapter 4 Antenna and Feeder System


5/62

Internal Use

MSC: Mobile Switching Center BSC: Base Station Controller SMC: Short Message Center

HLR: Home Location Register BTS: Base Transceiver Station VM: Voice Mailbox

AUC: AUthentication Center MS: Mobile Station OMC: Operation/Maintenance Center

VLR: Visitor Location Register EIR: Equipment Identify Register

Other MSC/VLR

MAP

M900 BTS

M900 BTS SMC&VMOMC

M900/M1800 BSC

TUP,

ISUP

MAP

A interface

X.25/ LANX.25/ LAN

MSHLR/AUC/EIR

M900/M1800 MSC/VLR

M1800 BTSM900 BTS

PSTNISDNPSPDN

Um interface

MS

Features and Functions


6/62

Internal Use

High integration and low power consumption

15 radio carriers at the Abis sharing an E1 for

transmission (15:1)

Integrating optical transmission equipment,

implementing optical fiber to BTS

Supporting the configuration of up to S24/24/24

and facilitating expansion

1-minute fast startup



7/62Internal Use

Supporting GSM900,DCS1800,EGSM,RGSM

Supporting short message cell broadcast

and point to point short message

GSM PHASE I/PHASE II and GPRS

Supporting baseband hopping

and RF hopping

Supporting the EFR and DTX

Supporting A5/0, A5/1 and A5/2 encryption


Supporting half rate


8/62Internal Use

FAN BOX

SWITCH BOX

FAN BOX

AIR BOX

AIR BOX

P

S

U

P

S

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P

S

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M

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E

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S

C

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D

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TDU

Common

equipment

TRXCDU

air/fan

BTS312 Cabinet and Boards:

CDU: combiner & divider unit

TRX: transceiver unit

PMU: power monitoring unit

TMU: Timing/Transmission &

Management UnitPSU: power supply unit

TES: transmission extension

power supply unit

TEU: transmission extension unit

TDU: time distribution unit

BTS312 Cabinet and Boards


9/62Internal Use

Three modes for BTS312 power supply:

Used for the AC power supply cabinet, with

the AC/DC module and batteries attached;220VAC

Used for the DC power supply cabinet with

the DC/DC module and no battery;-48VDC

Used for the DC power supply cabinet, with no

AC/DC module or DC/DC module, nor any battery.+24VDC

Power Supply


10/62Internal Use

Power Supply System


11/62Internal Use

PMU (Power Monitoring Unit) structure

PMU

AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC

AC power supply

Power monitoringunit PMUFan

Fuse

Battery

Load


12/62Internal Use

mode capacity (TRX) boards (PSU) boards (PMU) notes

24VDC 1~12 0 1

-48VDC 1~3 2 1 One PSU forbackup.

4~6 3 1

7~9 4 1

10~12 5 1

220VAC 1~3 3 1

4~6 4 1

7~9 5 1

10~12 6 1

The configuration of PMU:

PSU Configuration


13/62Internal Use

Providing fan feed

Fan revolution

speed control

Alarm detection

Interfaces

24V power supply inputinterface

Fan box power supply

input interface

Fan fault alarm detection

Fan Monitoring Unit (FMU)

FMU


14/62Internal Use

Chapter 1 Overview





15/62Internal Use

DATA BUS/CONTROL_BUS/TIMING_BUS

Externalcontrol

Externalalarm

E1TMU

Opt. fiber

xDSL TEU

PMU

FH_BUS

CDU

PSU

TRX

TRX

TRX

TRX unitCommon unit

CDU

CDU

To antenna

To antenna

To antenna

Antenna feeder unit

TES

Hardware Structure of BTS312


16/62Internal Use

BSC

External synchronous clock

MMI man-machine

interface

External

Alarmingcontrol

BIU

OMU

EAC MCK

Standby MCK

Extended BIU

DBUS Internal data bus

CBUS Internal control bus

TDUInternal

clock bus

Function:

Timing

Transmission

Management

TMU


17/62Internal Use

Panel of TMU


18/62Internal Use

Indicators on TMU

Indicator Name Color Meaning Explanation Normal State

PWR Green PowerOn: Normal

Off: AbnormalOn

RUN Green Running StateFlash(0.5Hz): Normal

On or Off: AbnormalFlash

LI1,2,3,4 Green E1 Transmission

On: Local Alarm

Flash: Remote Alarm

Off: Normal

Off

M/S GreenMaster/Slave

indication

Slow flash(1HZ): Master

Quick flash(2Hz): Slave

Master Board: Slow flash

Slave Board: Quick flash

PLL Green

Phase

identification

indicator

On: Free oscillation

Quick flash(4Hz): Catching

Slow flash(1Hz): Locked

Off: Abnormal

Slow flash


19/62Internal Use

DBUS

TIMING_BUS

SCP CUI

Clock processing part

TBPU

DSP

FH_BUS

TDP PAU

RCU

send Main

RPU

receiver

Diversity

receiver

TRX Module Structure

CBUS


20/62Internal Use

Functions of TRX

Baseband speech processing

Um and Abis interface signaling processing Modulation and demodulation

RF signal amplification


21/62Internal Use

Power amplifier unit (PAU) (output 46dBm/APC)

Over standing wave alarm: Over-temperature alarm:

Functions of TRX


22/62

Internal Use

Panel of TRX


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Internal Use

Indicators on TRX


PWR Green PowerOn: Normal

Off: AbnormalOn

RCP GreenSCP Running

State

Flash(0.5Hz): Normal


RDP GreenDSP Running

State

Flash(0.5Hz): Normal


FAIL Red Alarm IndicatorOn: Alarm

Off: No alarm Off


24/62

Internal Use

Function:TimeDistributing Unit

Providing clock channels

in one synchronous cell

Transferring the E1 signals

in the local cabinet

Providing alarming channels

Bus connection

TDU


25/62

Internal Use

Position of TDU in the Rack


26/62

Internal Use

BUS Topology

TMU0

TRX0 TRX23

CDU

0-11

PMU

0-1TES

Alarm

Box

TMU1

CBUS2

DBUS12

...

CBUS3

FHBUS

TMU0

TRX0 TRX23

CDU

0-11

PMU

0-1

CBUS2

DBUS12

...

CBUS3

FHBUS

TMU0

TRX0 TRX23

CDU

0-11

PMU

0-1

CBUS2

DBUS12

...

CBUS3

FHBUS

CBUS1

TBUS

Basic Cabinet Group Extension Cabinet Group Extension Cabinet Group


27/62

Internal Use

Cabinet-top Connectors

(1) Data bus interface (DCF1) (2) External alarm interface (EAC1 and

EAC2)

(3) 120 E1 interface (TME1) (4) Built-in optical transmission E1

interface (TRA1, TRA2, TRB1,

and TRB2)

(5) Storage battery

management signal

cable interface

(PWRC)

(6) Clock interface (CKB1 and CKB2)

(7) Data bus interface (DCF2) (8) 75 E1 interface (TX and RX)

(9) External synchronous

clock interface (SYNC)(10) Grounding cable interface for

combined cabinet (SHELLGND)

(11) External power cable

interface

(12) Feeder input interface (ANT)

(13) Cascading interface of CDU combined cabinet (CDU)


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Internal Use

Cabinet Group

Each BTS312 cabinet can accommodate 12carriers. When the number of cell carriers is over

12, multiple cabinets need to be equipped,

classified as basic cabinet and extension cabinet.

They form a cabinet group (or equipment group).One group consists of 2 cabinets at most

One set of BTS312 equipment group can contain

two cabinets (24 TRXs).

For the maximum capacity site, there are threegroups with 72 TRXs.


29/62

Internal Use

Cabinet Extension Cabling

Green colored sockets installed with matching connectors for resistance

termination

CKB1 CKB2

DCF1 DCF2

CKB1 CKB2

DCF1 DCF2

CKB1 CKB2

DCF1 DCF2

CKB1 CKB2

DCF1 DCF2

Extension Cabinet Basic Cabinet Basic Cabinet Extension Cabinet

Basic Cabinet Group Extension Cabinet Group


30/62

Internal Use

Chapter 1 Overview





31/62

Internal Use

Signal Type

Speech Signaling

LAPD Signaling

OML

RSL

LAPDm Signaling

Clock


32/62

Internal Use

Speech Processing

BSC-TDU-TMU-DBUS-TRX-CDU-ANT.-MS

DBUS

S

C

P

C

U

I

Clock process

TBPU

D

S

P

FH_BUS

TDP PAU

RCU

RPU

BSC


MMI man-

machine

interface

External

Alarming

control

BIU

OMU

EAC MCK

Standby MCK

TDU

CBUS

TBUS

C

D

U

OM P i


33/62

Internal Use

OML Processing

BSC-TDU-TMU-CBUS-TRX (or PMU,CDU),

DBUS

S

C

P

C

U

I

Clock process

TBPU

D

S

P

FH_BUS

TDP PAU

RCU

RPU

BSC


MMI man-

machine

interface

External

Alarming

control

BIU

OMU

EAC MCK

Standby MCK

TDU

CBUS

TBUS

RSL d LAPD Si li


34/62

Internal Use

RSL and LAPDm Signaling

BSC-TDU-TMU-DBUS-TRX-CDU-ANT.-MS

DBUS

S

C

P

C

U

I

Clock process

TBPU

D

S

P

FH_BUS

TDP PAU

RCU

RPU

BSC


MMI man-

machine

interface

External

Alarming

control

BIU

OMU

EAC MCK

Standby MCK

TDU

CBUS

TBUS

C

D

U

Cl k P i


35/62

Internal Use

Clock Processing

BSC (or External Clock) -TDU-TMU-TDU-TBUS-TRX

DBUS

S

C

P

C

U

I

Clock process

TBPU

D

S

P

FH_BUS

TDP PAU

RCU

RPU

BSC


MMI man-

machine

interface

External

Alarming

control

BIU

OMU

EAC MCK

Standby MCK

TDU

CBUS

TBUS

TBUS C ti


36/62

Internal Use

P S U

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DC

U

DC

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P S U

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DC

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DC

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P S U

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DC

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DC

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P S U

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DC

U

DC

U

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Extension cabinet Extension cabinet

Extension cabinet group

Basic cabinet Basic cabinet

Basic cabinet group

TBUS Connection

Clock bus connection in a synchronous cell


37/62

Internal Use

Chapter 1 Overview




A t d F d S t


38/62

Internal Use

Tra

nsceiver

Combiner&dividerunit

Lightning

arrester

Ligh

tning

arres

ter

TTA(optional)

TTA(optional)

CDU and Antenna System

Transceiving

antenna

Diverse

Receiving

antenna

Antenna and Feeder System

CDU


39/62

Internal Use

Combiner

Distributor

Distributor

CouplerTX1

TX2

TX-COMBTX-DUP

RX1RX2RX3RX4

HL-out

RX2

RX3RX4

RX1

HL-in

RXD

TX/RX-ANT

RXD-out

CDU

CDU


40/62

Internal Use

CDU

coupler

Distributor Distributor Distributor DistributorCombiner Combiner

coupler

Indicators on CDU


41/62

Internal Use

Indicators on CDU


POWER Green PowerOn: Normal

Off: AbnormalOn

VSWR1 YellowStanding wave

ratio alarm

On: VSWR is greater than 1.5 and less

than 2.5

Off: Normal

Flash

VSWR2 RedStanding wave

ratio alarm

On: VSWR is greater than 2.5

Off: NormalOff

TTA RedTTA currentindication

On: TTA current out of range

Off: NormalOff

LNA RedLNA current

indication

On: LNA current out of range

Off: NormalOff

Alarm Test


42/62

Internal Use

Standing wave testing function:

When the tested standing wave exceeds the presetthreshold (1.5:1 or 2.5:1), CDU will give

corresponding alarms and indications.

Testing the internal amplifier and the tower amplifier,

CDU reports the alarms to TMU.

Alarm Test

EDU


43/62

Internal Use

EDU

EDU indicators are the same as those of CDU

Distributor

CouplerTX1

RX1RX2

TX/RX-

ANT1

Distributor

CouplerTX1

RX3RX4

TX/RX-

ANT2

SCU


44/62

Internal Use

SCU

Four carriers are combined and output through 3dB bridges and the plug

loss is 6.8dB.

2CDU+SCU


45/62

Internal Use

2CDU+SCU

coupler coupler

Combiner Combiner DistributorDistributorDistributor Distributor Combiner Combiner

Combiner

Feeder


46/62

Internal Use

Feeder

There are several forms for the main feeder: 7/8 inch

CABLE LOSS=0.043dB/m

5/4 inch

CABLE LOSS=0.032dB/m

1/2-inch super-flexible jumpers

CABLE LOSS=0.11dB/m

Used between the antenna and the main feeder

Between the antenna and the tower amplifier

Between the cabinet and the lightning arrester

Feeder


47/62

Internal Use

Dual polarization

antenna

TTA

Lightning arrester

BTS rack

Jumper connectorDIN

DIN connector

Lightning arrester/feeder

connectorDIN

Jumper/TTA

Connector (DIN)

jumper

Jumper/TTA connector

DIN

Antenna

connectorDIN

Feeder

RF device of BTS


48/62

Internal Use

Antenna Technology

Antenna gain

Antenna Pattern

Polarization

Diversity technology

Antenna Gain


49/62

Internal Use

A

B

GainA>GainB

Antenna Gain

Antenna gain indicates the antenna feature of radiating electromagnetic

waves in specific directions. Normally, the higher the gain, the stronger the far field strength and the

greater the effective coverage.

Antenna Gain Unit


50/62

Internal Use

Antenna Gain Unit

dipole isotropic

For example: 3dBd = 5.15dBi

2.15dB

Antenna Pattern


51/62

Internal Use

360

Omni Antenna

120 90 65

Directional antenna

Antenna Pattern

The antenna pattern describes the radiating abilities of antennas in all

directions. Refers to the half-power angle in the horizontal plane.

Antenna Pattern


52/62

Internal Use

Omni antenna

lobe

Direction

antenna lobe

Antenna Pattern

Polarization


53/62

Internal Use

Polarization

Two main types of polarization: Vertical polarization

Horizontal polarization

The types of antenna divided

by polarization:

Single polarization antenna

Vertical polarization for GSM

One port for one feeder

Bi-polarization antenna

+45 degree and -45 degree

Two ports for two feeders

Polarization


54/62

Internal Use

Polarization

Vertical polarization Horizontal polarization

+ 450 polarization - 450 polarization

Polarization


55/62

Internal Use

Polarization

Vertical/Horizontal slop (+/- 45)

Polarization


56/62

Internal Use

Polarization

OmniAntenna Single polarization

directional antenna

Bi-polarization

directional antenna

Diversity Technology


57/62

Internal Use

Polarization diversity

Save antenna

Space diversity

d>10 wavelength

Frequency diversity

Frequency hopping

Types of

diversity:

Diversity Technology

Improve the signal level via diversity


58/62

Internal Use

Improve the signal level via diversity

distance

Lightning Arrester


59/62

Internal Use

Transceiver

Combiner&dividerunit

Lightning

arrester

Lightning

arrester

TTA(optional)

TTA(optional)

CDU and Antenna System

Transceiving

antenna

DiverseReceiving

antenna

Lightning Arrester

Lightning Arrester is used to prevent the equipment from being

damaged by the lightening current inducted by the core line of the

feeder.

TTA (Optional)


60/62

Internal Use

TTA (Optional)

The tower amplifier is installed next to the receiving antenna. It can be used to increase the receiving sensibility of the base

station.

consisting of:

Triplex filter

Low noise amplifier

Feeder

TTA (Optional)


61/62

Internal Use

Simplex TTA duplex TTA triplex TTA

( p )

Low noise amplifier

TX filter

bypassBias TeeBTS

triplex TTA

antenna

DC

RX filterRX filter

Documents

4.OME201101 GSM BTS312 Hardware Structure