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7/28/2019 5 Covalent Bond
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How many valence electrons doeach atom have?
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Why do they tend to pair up andshare their valence electrons?
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CovalentBond
Between
non-metalatoms
Sharingof
electrons
Singlebonds Double
bonds
Triplebonds
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The Periodic Table
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A covalent bond is formed when
two atoms share one or more pairsof electrons.
For example: hydrogen atomshave one electron in their outershell.
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There is a strong force ofattraction between hydrogenatoms. This hold them together.
covalent bond
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Lets try this:
The formation of chlorine, Cl2.
Given the proton number ofchlorine atom is 17.
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Electron arrangement of oxygenatom: 2.6Valence electrons = 6So, it needs two electrons to
achieve the octet electron
arrangement.
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How many pairs of electrons are
they sharing?
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The two oxygen atoms share two
pairs of electrons between them.
They form a double bond.
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Now, lets try this:
The formation of bond in
carbon dioxide molecule, CO2
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The proton number for carbon
atom is 6.Electron arrangement is 2.4
To achieve the octet of electrons,
carbon atom needs4
electrons.
C
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Draw :
The formation of bond in
carbon dioxide molecule, CO2
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When two nitrogen atoms cometogether, they share their outer
electrons.
Each nitrogen contributes 3electrons to form three covalentbonds.
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The Lewis structure shows the
formation of the N2 molecule.
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Question 2:
What is the covalent bond
formed when 2 pairs ofelectrons are shared between
the two atoms?
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Question 3:
Draw the electron
arrangement and Lewisstructure of hydrogen
fluoride, HF from hydrogenatom and fluorine atom.
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Question 4:
Draw the electron
arrangement and Lewisstructure of water molecule,
H2O from hydrogen atomand oxygen atom.
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Question 5:
Draw the electron
arrangement and Lewisstructure of nitrogen
molecule, N2.
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Covalent
Bonds
Betweennon-
metalatoms
Sharing of
electrons
Single bondFor example:
Hydrogenmolecule, H2Hydrogenchloride,HCl
Double bondsFor example:
Oxygenmolecule, O2Carbon
dioxide, CO2
Triplebonds
For example:
Nitrogenmolecule,N2
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GOOD LUCKIN YOUR TEST!