570-577 QUIZ 1. The ___________ Points were Wilson’s plans for

international peacekeeping.

2. Wilson wanted to establish a __________ of ___________ as an international peacekeeping body.

3. True/False: Congress approved passage for #2.

4. The “Great _____________” is the movement of half a million blacks into Northern cities looking for work.

5. The ________ Scare was the fear of radicals that permeated throughout the Untied States following WWI.

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First World War and the Great Depression

Unit 12

The “Big Stick” America Around the World

3

– Roosevelt and “Civilization”– Justifying Intervention

– Protecting the Open Door in Asia– Roosevelt mediated end to conflict– Japan began to cease trade with America– “Great White Fleet”

– The Iron Fisted Neighbor– Ending European intervention in S. America– “Roosevelt Corollary”

“Speak softly, but carry a big stick”

Theodore Roosevelt

5 The United States and Latin America, 1895-1941

The Panama Canal

6

– Panama was part of Colombia

– Increase trade with Asia

– Tensions with negotiations

– USA financed a revolution in Colombia to secure the Canal

Diplomacy and Morality

7

Taft and “Dollar Diplomacy” Nicaragua Occupied

Diplomacy and Morality Intervention in Haiti and

the Dominican Republic Regime change in Mexico Veracruz Incident Pershing Expedition

Important because it lays the groundwork for a strained U.S.-Mexico relationship that plays a role in World War I.

Woodrow Wilson (Library of Congress)

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10

Origins of World War I

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Gavrilio Princip Franz Ferdinand Executed Allies v. Central Powers

The Road to War

12

Promoting the War in Australia (Private Collection)

The Collapse of the European Peace

Allies v. Central Powers Mobilization for War

Germany supports A-H Germany declares war on

France and Russia Britain declares war on

Germany

13

Wilson’s Neutrality

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The Road to War– Wilson’s Neutrality

Sympathy with Britain Not really neutrality…… Submarine Warfare

The Lusitania in New York City (Library of Congress)

America Enters the War

15

Preparedness Versus Pacifism

Pacifists and Interventionists

A War for Democracy “Peace Without Victory” Zimmerman Telegram Germany continues unrestricted

submarine warfare The Election of 1916

The Military Struggle

16

Limited damage from U-boats

Bolshevik Revolution Russia removes itself from

war

America implements draft

AEF under Gen. Pershing

Argonne Forest

Nov. 11, 1918 – War finally ends.

WWI Recruiting Poster by James Montgomery Flagg (NARA)

Chapter Twenty-one: America and the Great War

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17America in World War I: The Western Front, 1918.

New Technology of Warfare

18

Trench Warfare Tanks and Flamethrowers Airplanes Submarines

Appalling Casualties

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19

Organizing the Economy for War

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Liberty Bonds Americans lent the

government $23 billion! War Industries Board

Bernard Baruch Taxation Committee on Public

Information Espionage and Sedition Acts Suppressing Dissent

“liberty cabbage” and “liberty sausage”

Selling Liberty Bonds (NARA)

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22

Women Industrial Workers (NARA)

The Search for a New World Order

23

The Fourteen Points Recommendations for new

boundaries and nations

International principles

Proposal for a “League of Nations”

Wilson’s Idealistic Vision

Allied Resistance Which two countries most

opposed these peace offerings?

The Paris Peace Conference

24

The Paris Peace Conference Self interest, unease, and threat

of communism pervaded the conference

Vindictive, allied powers imposed heavy reparations

Why were these reparations a bad idea?

The League of Nations was formed

Woodrow Wilson (Library of Congress)

The Ratification Battle

25

Henry Cabot Lodge resisted

Wilson traveled around U.S. supporting it, fell ill

The Senate rejected approval of the Treaty Why?

“I have found that you get nothing in this world that is worthwhile without fighting for it.”

Woodrow Wilson

Society in Turmoil

26

The Unstable EconomyThe Unstable Economy It was difficult for society to adapt

to peace

5 million lost jobs, 100,000 businesses went bankrupt

Wages weren’t rising with inflation

Unions were not being recognized

Demands of African Americans

27

Black participation in war increased their determination in society

“Great Migration” caused heightened racial tensions

Chicago Race Riot 38 dead, 537 injured

Universal Negro Improvement Assoc. Encouraged black nationalism

True Sons of Freedom (Library of Congress)

28African American Migration, 1910-1950

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UNIA Pamphlet

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31

The Red Scare

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Popular Fear of Radicalism Creation of Communist International

Palmer Raids 6,000 people arrested

Sacco and Vanzetti trials What happened to them?

The Retreat from Idealism Disillusionment and Reaction Election of 1920 – Warren G. Harding

wins

Anarchists Bomb Wall Street New York 1920

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33

1919 Labor Unrest/Radicalism

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34

“A Return to Normalcy”

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35

The Great Depression

Chapter 23

36

1928 election

Herbert Hoover (Rep) Quiet and reserved Takes credit for

economic success in 1920s

Offers no plans for change

Al Smith (Dem) Career politician Offers change in

economic and social policy

Catholic

Result:

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38

The Coming of the Great Depression Soaring Stock Market

Too easy to gain credit What does this mean?

The Great Crash Oct. 29, 1929 16 million shares of stock traded “Black Tuesday”

Wall Street (Licensed for Use)

39

Stock Market Crash!!!!Black Thursday: October 24, 1929Black Thursday: October 24, 1929 12 million shares sold Drastic drop in prices

Black Tuesday: October 29, 1929Black Tuesday: October 29, 1929 Massive attempt to sell drops prices of stocks 16 million stocks dumped in one day Stocks become worthless Dow Jones Industrial average lost 25% of value

Stock Market Crash!!!!

Impact of the crash:1929-1933 Value of stocks nationally:

$89 billion to $19 billion

Unemployment: 3.2% to 25.2%

Interest rates: 5% to .6%

GDP: $104 billion to $59 billion

10,000 banks close

Result?Great

Depression(1929-1941)

Causes of the Great DepressionCauses of the Great Depression

Poor Economic Diversification America relied too much on auto and construction

Uneven Distribution of Wealth People didn’t have enough money…

International Debt Structure What were the issues?

Too much credit Buying on margin, speculation

43

Progression of the Great Depression

Banking Crisis 1930-1933 over 9,000

banks collapsed Money supply shrank

drastically

Plunging GNP Plunged 25% 25% of the workforce was

unemployedThe Unemployed, 1930 (Library of Congress)

44

Hoover’s Philosophy Depressions were normal,

healthy part of business cycle

Depression will correct itself

Belief in “rugged Individualism” and voluntary action

Government should do as little as possibleNo No Direct ReliefDirect Relief

PROBLEM: Depression does not “fix itself”

Hoover asks businesses to voluntarily hold wages and employment

Economy continues to collapse

Democrats win 1930 Congressional Elections

Farmers rioting & destroying crops

Starvation & Homelessness haunts US

Hoover Acts: Too Little, Too Late

Authorizes public works projects to build dams, bridges, roads

1932: Reconstruction Finance Corp. (RFC) Emergency financing to banks, RR companies, railroads

and other large businesses.

1933: Federal Home Loan Bank Act Lowered mort. Rates for homeowners. Allowed farmers to refinance their loans

CRITICISM:This aid goes to big companies and banks, does not “trickle down” to average citizens

Construction of a Dam by William Gropper

Hoover does direct some government aid to major construction projects, such as the

Boulder Dam (now called Hoover Dam)

Gassing of Bonus Army 1932 – 10,000-20,000 veterans

march on Washington D.C. WHY?

Patman Bill was rejected, army told to go home

2,000 men refused to move, they were forced to by the U.S. Army

More than 1,000 people were gassed and their possessions were burned

VIDEO

IMPACT? Hoover’s popularity falls

lower. Helps FDR win in 1932.

Election of 1932 SETTING: 11 million unemployed Depression since Oct. 1929

ISSUES: Stay the Course

VS. New Deal

What were the major differences?

CANDIDATES: Hebert Hoover, incumbent,

Republican FDR, Democrat

OUTCOME: Landslide victory for FDR

(472 to 59) mandate for radical reform

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