Information Design Which is the design of informations?

Jakub Jurajakub.jura@fs.cvut.cz

Engeneering Psychology 2008Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, CTU in Prague, Technicka 4, 166 07 Prague 6

HMI – Human-Machine Interaction, MMI – Man Human-Machine Interaction, GUI - Graphical user interface, Graphic design, Visual Style, Information Design, Vizualization of Information’s Flow, Firm Stzle, Visual Communication, Language of Visual Information,

Information Design

• Information design has been defined as the art and science of preparing information so that it can be used by human beings with efficiency and effectiveness (Jacobson Eds. 2000 p. 15).

data information knowledge wisdom (Jacobson Eds. 2000 p. 271)

Ladislav Sutnar

(1897 – 1976)

Communication’s Schema

Decoding of information

Coding of information S R

Communication Channel

Interpretation

Sign resource of communicator

Sign resource of communicant

Communicator communiqué Communicantvysílač sdělení přijímačsender message receiver

Sensation modalities:

•Vision

•Hearing

•Touch

•Olfaction

•Gustation

Analog and Digital Communication

• Analog Communication– Everything is expressed continuously by simile of

quantity.– There is not negation in Analog language.– Touch the intuition, imagination, metaphor, narration.

• Digital Communication– Everything is expressed uncontinuously in the words.– Touch the reason, logic and dispassionate

argumentation.

Axioms of Communication

1. One Cannot Not Communicate.2. Every communication has a content and

relationship aspect which is metacommunication for the former.

3. The nature of a relationship is dependent on the punctuation of the partners communication procedures .

4. Human communication involves both digital and analog modalities .

5. Inter-human communication procedures are either symmetric or complementary

Paul Watzlawick, Pragmatics of Human Communication, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Watzlawick

Model of Operator

ReasoningSS

MS

Controled System

output

action

Meanings of Colors

• SAFETY

• ADVANCED or ORDER

• RISK OF DANGER or WARNING

• DANGER or PROHIBITION

• NEUTRAL INFORMATION or CANCEL

http://www.muzeum-umeni-benesov.cz/iid/mez-graf-komunikace/cz/vymezeni_barev_a_tabulek_ke_specifikaci_obsahu_sdeleni.html

Feeling from the color X Meanings of the colors

http://www.muzeum-umeni-benesov.cz/iid/mez-graf-komunikace/cz/system_orientacniho_znaceni.html

User InterfaceHMI - Human Machine Interface, Man Machine Interface, HCI – Human Computer Interface

• TUI - Text User Interface

• CLI - Command Line Interface

• GUI - Graphical user interface

• 3DUI - Three-dimensional user interface

http://goanna.cs.rmit.edu.au/~gl/research/HCC/interact97.html

GUI - Graphical user interface

• Where is used?

• What is an Interaction Design?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface

WIMP standard

• W: Window(s) • I: Icon(s) • M: Menu(s); Mouse/Mice (rarely) (note that mice

are a subset of pointing devices) • P: Pointing device(s); Pointing; Pointer(s) (note that

the term "pointer" is often used as a synonym for mouse cursor); Pull-down menu(s) (note that pull-down menus can be thought of as a subset of menus)

WIMP interaction was developed at Xerox PARC in 1973) and popularized by the Macintosh computer in 1984.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIMP_(computing)

GOMS standard

• An approach to human computer interaction observation developed in 1983 by Stuart Card, Thomas P. Moran and Allen Newell

• Goals - what the user intends to accomplish.• Operators - actions that are performed to get to the

goal.• Methods - sequences of operators that accomplish

a goal.• Selection rules - user would select a certain

method over the others.

Handlers & Pilot Lamps

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_interface

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design

• http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIMP

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GOMS