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7/24/2019 6 Waterproofing Celestino
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Lining of Tunnels under Groundwater Pressure
Tomas Franzn
SveBeFo - Swedish Rock Engineering Research
Tarcsio B. Celestino
University of So Paulo, Themag Engenharia
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From waterproof to water sealed
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Urban tunnels in StockholmHard fractured rock mass, g w head 10 30 mAllowed inflow: maximum 2 5 l/min and 100 m
Cement grouting and fibre reinforced shotcrete
Urban tunnel in So PauloLow permeability ground mass, g w head > 20 m
Water ingress: 0.5 5 l/min and 100 m
Single shell mesh reinforced shotcrete
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From waterproof to water sealed
Other combinations of grouted rock mass
can be added
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Channel Tunnel
Crossover Cavern
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Channel Tunnel Crossover Cavern
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Hallandss Twin
Railway Tunnels
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Water Inflow x Durability
Flow rate
Chemical aggressivity
Ex: Kanmon Strait Tunnels
(concrete, sea water;
Miyaguchi, 1986)
Cast iron segmental lining(So Paulo subway)
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Single shell lining in GermanySingle track tunnels (Pttler & Klapperich, 2001)
Year 1981-1983 1982 1984-1987 1987-1989
Ground S/M S/M M C
Pressure (bar) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6
Thickness (cm) 37 25 39 40
Year 1987-1989 1989-1990 1989-1992 1981 1991
Ground C M M M G/M
Pressure (bar) 0.6 0 1.2 0.5 0
Thickness (cm) 25 40 55 30 35
C - claystone
M - marl
S - sandstone
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Comments by Pttler & Klapperich, 2001
10 - 15% savings due to single shell concept
Scattered considerations about load on the secondlayer: full load to partial load
Different design philosophy even moresignificant savings
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Single shell lining in So Paulo
Single track tunnels
Year: since 1981
Ground: stiff clay with water-bearing sand layers
Pressure: 0.5 to 2.0 bar
Total thickness: 20 to 25 cm
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t
t = 0
t
2nd Layer(0.15m)
1st Layer (0.25m)
Ground
Mass
Interface
Strength envelopes for two-layer
lining interaction (Domingues, 1985)
t ime= 0
first layer only
t imefirst and second
layers plus long term
load (e.g. water
pressure)
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E : Portal
C : Central
1 : end of construction
2 : long term
3 : 2+ water pressure
h = 0.45h = 0.40
h = 0.25
E3
E2
E1
C1C2
C3
500 1000 1500
100
200
Nd (kN/m)
Md (kN.m/m)
Moment-thrust diagram for
different load conditionsLining thickness:
--- First layer
__ Two layers
Load:
1: end of construction
2: long term
3: 2 + water pressure
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Shotcrete lining for the So Paulo
Subway
t = 0.25 m
p = 2 bar
t = 0.40 m
p = 0.7 bar
t = 0.25 m
p = 2 bar
t = 0.25 m
p = 0.5 bar
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Conclusions
Importance of water: operation and durability
Design concepts: influence on lining thickness
Rational contribution from 1stlayer: economicaland operational
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Gracias!
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]