2121st st Century considerations on Century considerations on pork production and quality assurancepork production and quality assurance

Seminar ‘Livestock Development & Food Seminar ‘Livestock Development & Food Safety’ Safety’

Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 31 March 2011Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 31 March 2011

Prof.dr. Frans van Knapen, Prof.dr. Frans van Knapen, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences,Division of Veterinary Public Health, Utrecht University

Veterinary medicineVeterinary medicine

production, health and welfareproduction, health and welfare animalsanimals

health and welfare of humanshealth and welfare of humans

Veterinary public health is that part of public Veterinary public health is that part of public health activities using veterinary skills, health activities using veterinary skills, knowledge and resources to protection and knowledge and resources to protection and improvement of human health and human welfare.improvement of human health and human welfare.

Veterinary Public Health concerns:Veterinary Public Health concerns:

• PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING OF FOOD OFPRODUCTION AND PROCESSING OF FOOD OF ANIMAL ORIGINANIMAL ORIGIN

• COMPANION ANIMALSCOMPANION ANIMALS

• ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT

Development in Veterinary Public Development in Veterinary Public

Health; three phases:Health; three phases:

1.1. (organized) fight against animal diseases(organized) fight against animal diseases2.2. Meat inspection and zoonoses controlMeat inspection and zoonoses control3.3. Health sciences.Health sciences.

Development in Veterinary Public Development in Veterinary Public Health (1)Health (1)

(organized) fight against animal diseases(organized) fight against animal diseases Europe in the 19th centuryEurope in the 19th century Third world countriesThird world countries Developed countries without veterinary infrastructure.Developed countries without veterinary infrastructure.

Poverty reduction goes together with Poverty reduction goes together with food securityfood security.

Animals are needed for:Animals are needed for: - food- food - tractive power- tractive power - transport- transport

Veterinary Public Health phase 1Veterinary Public Health phase 1 = food security = food security

Development in Veterinary Development in Veterinary Public Health (2)Public Health (2)

Meat inspection and zoonoses controlMeat inspection and zoonoses control Most countries of modern worldMost countries of modern world Regulation by legislationRegulation by legislation..

Veterinary Public Health phase 2Veterinary Public Health phase 2

= food safety = food safety

Development in Veterinary PublicDevelopment in Veterinary PublicHealth (3)Health (3)

Health sciencesHealth sciences A few countries or regions with industrialized A few countries or regions with industrialized

animal food production.animal food production.

Per definition wealthy countries.Per definition wealthy countries.

Development in Veterinary Public Development in Veterinary Public

Health (3)Health (3)

Healthy feed – healthy animals – healthy foodHealthy feed – healthy animals – healthy food Animal welfareAnimal welfare Environment protectionEnvironment protection Novel food, fast food, neutroceuticals.Novel food, fast food, neutroceuticals.

Veterinary Public Health phase 3 Veterinary Public Health phase 3 = food acceptance= food acceptance

Meat inspection:Meat inspection:

Phase 1: don’t waste animal protein.

Phase 2: - traditional meat inspection. - Salmonella control at farm level (monitoring).

Phase 3: new concept of process control and certification.

(GMP, GVP, HACCP etc.)surveillance = monitoring +

measures!

Food securityFood security

Food safetyFood safety

Food acceptanceFood acceptance

Traditional veterinarian (stage 2)Traditional veterinarian (stage 2)

Diseased animals Diseased animals

Meat inspection (64/433/EU)Meat inspection (64/433/EU) (71/118/EU)(71/118/EU)

Veterinary inspection markets, exhibitions etc.Veterinary inspection markets, exhibitions etc.

Modern and future veterinarian Modern and future veterinarian (stage 3)(stage 3)

Quality manager in the food chain:Quality manager in the food chain:

Healthy feed - healthy animals - healthy food ealthy feed - healthy animals - healthy food

No place for diseased animals in the food chainNo place for diseased animals in the food chain (EU, 1994)(EU, 1994)

Lean animalsLean animals Cripple animalsCripple animals DownersDowners

are not necessarily sick animals. at some degree of inconvenience animal welfare comes into consideration. special abattoirs or logistic slaughtering.

Quality of meat (products) is not of Quality of meat (products) is not of veterinary concern !veterinary concern !

Animal welfare and food safety are !Animal welfare and food safety are !

Changes in the sector:Changes in the sector:

until 1960: relatively small scale farming.until 1960: relatively small scale farming. then: then: scaling up, scaling up, specialisation,specialisation, mechanisation.mechanisation.

Changes in the sector:Changes in the sector:

After 1980: traditional farmingAfter 1980: traditional farming industrial farmingindustrial farming

Changes in the sector:Changes in the sector:

after 1990: - after 1990: - industrialised industrialised farmingfarming - vertical farming- vertical farming

- integrated quality control- integrated quality control

Changes in the society (1)Changes in the society (1)Animal welfareAnimal welfare ± 1900 animal protection act ± 1900 animal protection act (to protect society against visible cruelty!)(to protect society against visible cruelty!) Animals are objects, not beingsAnimals are objects, not beings ± 1975 ± 1975 – laboratory animal act.– laboratory animal act. – – public’s agitation about animal fur industrypublic’s agitation about animal fur industry

± ± 2000 public’s agitation about:2000 public’s agitation about: – – mass cullingmass culling – – yes/no vaccinationyes/no vaccination

– – animal industryanimal industry– – animal transports. animal transports.

Changes in the society (2)Changes in the society (2)

Until 1980Until 1980 – producers market– producers market

After 2000After 2000 – consumers market – consumers market

Changes in the society (3)Changes in the society (3)

The community’s perception of animal welfare The community’s perception of animal welfare has dramatically changed.has dramatically changed.

Animals have become beings with intrinsicality. Animals have become beings with intrinsicality.

There is a strong plea for small scale animal There is a strong plea for small scale animal handling.handling.

Changes in the society (4)Changes in the society (4)

Greenpeace.Greenpeace. Animal rights groups.Animal rights groups. Animal Liberation Front. Animal Liberation Front. Green (political) parties.Green (political) parties. ““Party for the Animals” (the Netherlands).Party for the Animals” (the Netherlands).

BreedingBreeding

TransportationTransportation

Raising Raising

TransportationTransportation

SlaughterhouseSlaughterhouse

CuttingCutting

PackingPacking

DistributionDistribution

RetailRetail

Food Safety:Food Safety:

- Quality assurance systems

- Each of the chains has its responsibility to the others.

EU Food law (178/2002/EU)

BreedingBreeding

RaisingRaising

Transportation Transportation

AbattoirAbattoir

CuttingCutting

PackingPacking

DistributionDistribution

RetailRetail

discussionabout animal welfare

pre-harvest

Public and political discussion Public and political discussion about animal welfare:about animal welfare:

Farming: ecological, traditional, Farming: ecological, traditional, industrialised.industrialised.

Transportation: crowding, stress, temperature Transportation: crowding, stress, temperature control, water facilities, long distance.control, water facilities, long distance.

Abattoir: stunning, bleeding (ritual slaughter, Abattoir: stunning, bleeding (ritual slaughter, economics).economics).

Pork productionPork production

Industrialised Industrialised

Ecological farmingEcological farming

Industrialised pork productionIndustrialised pork production

Hygiene barriers.Hygiene barriers. Integrated quality control. Integrated quality control. Animal welfare needs attention.Animal welfare needs attention. Environment protection.Environment protection.

Food safety guaranteesFood safety guarantees

Ecological farming and Ecological farming and pork productionpork production

Small scaleSmall scale

Animal welfare Animal welfare

Environmental hygieneEnvironmental hygiene

Contamination cycles (microbial and non-Contamination cycles (microbial and non-microbial)microbial)

Food safety – no guaranteesFood safety – no guarantees !!

Food safety guarantee in ecological Food safety guarantee in ecological farming would include:farming would include:

Residues (drugs, heavy metals, pesticides etc.)Residues (drugs, heavy metals, pesticides etc.) ToxoplasmaToxoplasma Sarcocystis sp.Sarcocystis sp. TrichinellaTrichinella Cysticercosis Cysticercosis SalmonellaSalmonella YersiniaYersiniaWho is preparared to pay for this?Who is preparared to pay for this?

Suggestion:Suggestion:

1.1. Pork Pork

2.2. PorkPork should be decontaminated in all cases should be decontaminated in all cases before release.before release.

A-quality (raw products)A-quality (raw products)

B-quality (well treated products)B-quality (well treated products)

Conclusions on development Conclusions on development in veterinary public healthin veterinary public health

Phase 1:Phase 1: -- food security food security -- strategic choices governmentstrategic choices government -- poverty reduction.poverty reduction.

Phase 2:Phase 2: -- food safety food safety -- rigid legislation (authority)rigid legislation (authority)-- product oriented.product oriented.

Phase 3:Phase 3: -- food acceptancefood acceptance - - quality assurance (companies)quality assurance (companies)-- process process orientedoriented-- consumers demand.consumers demand.

Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention