7-4 Fungi7-4 Fungi

Objectives :Objectives :1.1. Name the characteristics fungi Name the characteristics fungi

share.share.2.2. Explain how fungi reproduce.Explain how fungi reproduce.3.3. Describe the role fungi play in Describe the role fungi play in

nature.nature.

Journal ActivityJournal Activity

What do you think about eating What do you think about eating mushrooms?mushrooms?

Engage : Pig digs for trufflesEngage : Pig digs for truffles

Characteristics of FungiCharacteristics of Fungi

A.A. IntroductionIntroduction1.1. Eukaryotes Eukaryotes – Have – Have Cell WallsCell Walls

2.2. Insect- Killing Fungus (Ant)Insect- Killing Fungus (Ant)

3.3. Size – Unicellular Size – Unicellular → 140 cm long→ 140 cm long

(yeast)(yeast) (huge tree (huge tree fungi)fungi)

4.4. Similar in:Similar in: Food gettingFood getting StructureStructure ReproductionReproduction

B. “Feeding” in FungiB. “Feeding” in Fungi

1.1. HeterotrophsHeterotrophs2.2. Release chemicals that digest the substance on Release chemicals that digest the substance on

which they are growing and then absorb the which they are growing and then absorb the digested food.digested food.

3.3. Why not animals ? Why not animals ? Animal first eats food then digests. Animal first eats food then digests.

CaptureCapture1.1. Soil FungiSoil Fungi - Capture roundworms with tiny - Capture roundworms with tiny

nooses.nooses.2.2. Symbiotic RelationshipsSymbiotic Relationships3.3. DecomposersDecomposers

C. StructureC. Structure

1.1. Unicellular & MulticellularUnicellular & Multicellular2.2. HyphaeHyphae – Threadlike tubes that make up fungi. – Threadlike tubes that make up fungi.

3.3. Multicellular in a different way -- Multicellular in a different way -- 1 continuous cytoplasm with many nuclei. 1 continuous cytoplasm with many nuclei. Substances moves more quickly – Why? Substances moves more quickly – Why?

D.D. ReproductionReproduction

1.1. SporesSpores – Tiny reproductive cells – Tiny reproductive cells carried by wind. Land carried by wind. Land → Hyphae→ Hyphae

2.2. Spores produced in Spores produced in fruiting body.fruiting body.3.3. Mushrooms, cup fungi, and puffballs Mushrooms, cup fungi, and puffballs

have large, complex fruiting bodies.have large, complex fruiting bodies.4.4. Trillions of spores in 1 fruiting.Trillions of spores in 1 fruiting.

Forms of FungiForms of Fungi

1.1. MushroomsMushrooms – Umbrella shape – Umbrella shape

2.2. YeastsYeasts – Single cells – Single cells 3.3. MoldsMolds - Fuzzy, shapeless, fairly flat, grows on surface of an organism or - Fuzzy, shapeless, fairly flat, grows on surface of an organism or

substances.substances.

B. MushroomsB. Mushrooms

StructureStructureGills Gills – Sheet of tissue (location of spores).– Sheet of tissue (location of spores).StalkStalk – Stem-like – Stem-likeRingRing – Skirt on stalk – protection from – Skirt on stalk – protection from

insects.insects.Cap Cap - Top- Top

C. Yeasts – (Unicellular)C. Yeasts – (Unicellular)

1.1. ProduceProduce - Bread, fuel, vitamins, chemicals & - Bread, fuel, vitamins, chemicals & medicine.medicine.

2.2. ReproduceReproduce – Budding – Budding

3.3. Bread – Yeast grows – produces COBread – Yeast grows – produces CO2 2 causes causes bread to rise.bread to rise.

D. MoldsD. Molds

1.1. PenicilliumPenicillium – Substance that kills – Substance that kills certain bacteria (penicillin) certain bacteria (penicillin)

Flemming Flemming – 1928 – 1928

2.2. UsedUsed

a. Make Food (Tofus) a. Make Food (Tofus) “bean curd”, soy sauce & “bean curd”, soy sauce &

cheeses b. Medicine cheeses b. Medicine

How Fungi Affect Other OrganismsHow Fungi Affect Other Organisms

Engage: Show a piece of bread mold.Engage: Show a piece of bread mold.

A. Introduction A. Introduction

1.1. AffectAffect Harm (parasites)Harm (parasites) Helpful Helpful

B. Fungi and DiseaseB. Fungi and Disease

1.1. Examples:Examples: Hard, brown “scabs” on appleHard, brown “scabs” on apple Black or gray spots on lilac or roseBlack or gray spots on lilac or rose Rot or decay – stem, fruitRot or decay – stem, fruit Dutch elm diseaseDutch elm disease Chestnut blightChestnut blight Stored crops made uselessStored crops made useless FungicidesFungicides—kill fungus—farmers spend millions of —kill fungus—farmers spend millions of

dollars.dollars.

Kill trees

2. Fungi → Toxins (Poisons)2. Fungi → Toxins (Poisons)

Injure or kill humans & animals.Injure or kill humans & animals.Examples:Examples:

AflatoxinAflatoxin – Found on stored crops – – Found on stored crops – cancer causing.cancer causing.

ErgotErgot – Fungus on rye – people eat burning – Fungus on rye – people eat burning or prickling sensations, hallucinations and or prickling sensations, hallucinations and convulsions (Fatal).convulsions (Fatal).

Ergot on RyeErgot on Rye

Animal DiseasesAnimal Diseases

Bring diseases in poultry – painful sores Bring diseases in poultry – painful sores on the skin of pets.on the skin of pets.

Fungal PesticidesFungal Pesticides – kill gypsy moth – kill gypsy moth caterpillars, mites and aphids.caterpillars, mites and aphids.

Humans Fungal DiseasesHumans Fungal Diseases

Fingernail & toe nails fungus.Fingernail & toe nails fungus.

RingwormRingworm

RingwormRingworm

Athletes FootAthletes Foot

Fungus-Root AssociationsFungus-Root Associations

Fungi coat the roots of 80% of plant.Fungi coat the roots of 80% of plant.MycorrhizaeMycorrhizae – “fungus roots” – “fungus roots”

Hyphae spread out - Hyphae spread out - increase plant increase plant ability to gather nutrients ability to gather nutrients by 10X. by 10X. Protect against : Protect against : drought, cold, acid drought, cold, acid rain and root rain and root diseases.diseases.

D. LichensD. Lichens

1.1. Fungus & AlgaeFungus & Algae that live together that live together allows them wide range of habits. allows them wide range of habits.

FungusFungus – Water & Minerals – Water & MineralsAlgae Algae – Makes food– Makes food

2.2. LichensLichens – Produce acids that break – Produce acids that break down rock. down rock.

LichensLichens

LichensLichens

Movie on FungusMovie on Fungus