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Chapter 14

Understandingand Using

Standardized

Tests

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./er/iew

Standardized tests

Using standardized tests

for accountability purposes:

#igh1sta2es testing

Standardized testing and technology

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"haracteristics of standardized tests

)esigned by people with specialized 2nowledge and

training in test construction

4/ery person who ta2es the test responds to the same

items under the same conditions

The answers are e/aluated according to the same

scoring standards

The scores are interpreted through comparison to the

scores obtained from a group that too2 the same test

under the same conditions or through comparison to a

predetermined standard

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"riteria for e/aluating standardized tests

5eliability , Stability in test performance

Validity , Test accuracy

 , "ontent /alidity6 predicti/e /alidity6 construct /alidity

7ormed e!cellence , 7orm group representation compared to the general

population

4!aminee appropriateness ,  Appropriateness for a particular group of students

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Validity

"ontent /alidity e/idence

 , #ow well a test9s items reflect a particular body of

2nowledge and s2ill

redicti/e /alidity e/idence

 , #ow well a test predicts a student9s future

beha/ior 

"onstruct /alidity e/idence , #ow well a test measures some internal attribute

of a person

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Types of standardized tests

 Achie/ement tests

 , 5e/eal how much of a sub;ect or s2ill has

been learned  Aptitude tests

 , 5e/eal how much 2nowledge and s2ill a

student could ac

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Types of achie/ement tests

 Assesses one9s competence in selectedbasic s2ill areas> often ta2en to graduate'

"ompetency test

Single1sub;ect test designed to identify

specific strengths and wea2nesses'

)iagnostic test

 Assesses how much one has learned in

multiple school sub;ects'

 Achie/ement battery

 Assesses how much one has learned in a

particular school sub;ect'

Single1sub;ect

achie/ement test

DescriptionType of Test

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7orm1referenced tests

and criterion1referenced tests

7orm1referenced test

 , Test where one9s performance is e/aluated

with reference to a norming group "riterion1referenced test

 , Test where one9s performance is e/aluated

with reference to some standard orcriterion

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@nterpreting standardized test scores

rade e

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The normal probability cur/e

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5elationship among z scores6

T scores6 and percentile ran2s

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ercentage of cases

in each Stanine

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What is high1sta2es testingB

#igh sta2es testing isC

using standardized test scores6 either by

themsel/es or in con;unction with other data6 todetermine whether students get promoted to the

ne!t grade or graduate from high school6

whether teachers and administrators recei/e

financial rewards or demotions6 and whetherschool districts recei/e additional state funds or

lose their accreditation'

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"urrent status

of high1sta2es testing

Type of test used $4ducation Wee2

on the Web6 -00%&

 , +0 states use criterion1referenced testsin 4nglish

 , 3+ states use criterion1referenced tests

in math

 , 5emaining states use norm1referenced

tests in these sub;ects

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"urrent status

of high1sta2es testing

Use of test scores $4ducation Wee2 on the Web6

-00%& , %% states hold schools accountable for student learning solely

on the basis of students9 test scores , -0 states pro/ide financial rewards to schools whose students

perform at an acceptable le/el

 , %+ states can close6 restaff6 or o/erhaul schools with low test

scores

 , %8 states re

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roblems with high1sta2es

testing programs

The place of tests in educational reform

"haracteristics of standardized tests

5elationship of tests to state standards

Dreadth of assessment

Use of test results to support remediation

Use of test results to support impro/ements in

instruction

@mpact on curriculum and instructional methods

4ffects on students

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Standardized testing

and technology

Using technology to prepare students for

assessments

Using technology to assess masteryof standards , e'g'6 American "ollege Testing $A"T&> ro;ect 4ssay

rade $4&

"omputer adapti/e testing $"AT& , computers determine se

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4nd of 

Chapter 14Understanding

and Using

StandardizedTests