( 0 ~8)

¥1\S<rr~ iJITGl~ o lJQq ~ ~c~~ 13 <rr-srm

<0: N .. \31~1 ...

o ~Qq ~~ o lJQq ~ ~Qffijt:\"fC~~ ~<IT~ ~T~ ~1) I "K5<f~9f,ft1ro

.!)~ F<lc"trt:<~ 9f :n1 'ilro~ q,~ r;-,TIJ ~ <r ~~ <3 ~~r~'>i~ C<O:rr ~ :r~ ..... ~ ' . . " "

13 j<r"<O: .. ~~ ~"@~ I .!!~~ 0Pl ~~fG". i)if3~ J ~C:il!.< 31~f'tis ~~

j<f.Tfi'!G ~~ I i~ ~T~ "51\ ~T F!<~\3 m ... ~qr ~f~K5 :{~ I .

.!!~~ \Jf<P1l' ~~n:l C1l , ~~~!1}~{t\~ 1K~ ~& i<rGi<fu i<r~ ~ , .!l'f-~

~~ ~\3 ~ft" i<J\5 ~\5"'.t C~~ !JT~ I ~ ~ Gr.t ~ , ~'3 .!!i<l'~~·""';" ~ .. C1

i<fG i4G I ·1J ms: ~~ \Jl\ ¥T ~!< ;J ~C"t~ 11 ft c-r'1tt\J ~~ ~'ill 'ijf1J I ' .:..\ .. ..J •

( o) 101~ 31\~T ~'lf;u "Q:CC1\3 rn~ rn~ <rr~ o t1aq :sr i<n~r!(~ ~ f11~

f.-,:c51~ <n -s:.<r;rt1) ~~ F<lc~J~ C}lPJJT GDJni~ 1

( ~) ~~,r~ 1JrG o tretq~ i~~ ftic, ~mst1) ~<n;mr~ ~~ 1

~ ~

j~\:1 1:1VJ~ 311:1~f~~ 1J[<if !JT~ ;n1:l i<JP1~ ~~'Iii fuf~ ~C:i~

j~m j~r~ 31 .. ~ .. ~~~ r~~ I GT~ "Eighteen Fifty Seven"

j~Fe' .!li4'~ 31JG~J 1 o ~aq >1ro1 ~ "51~~~c~~ ~IT'if j"'<re' ~f\l3 "<1) 1

G~q·r.tl~ ~~TW3T rn~ ... '1 ~ 1J1TGiTt1 :!"'<~ 1:1,., il<f"<J .. ~~ ~~ I ~ .. ~"5; ;rr~

~;J GGl :, \)lJ '1~ i<J'~ :1("'< 0 lJQq~ F<lC:il!< 31~ i<J'~jf~G iJTfCC1TD~ ~~ .!!1'

~"<f .. TC"\5 ~;J ~ , "fhe movement of 1857 was not preplannea, it

was not engineered by any political . party of Ic~ia or any

foreign power hostile t o Englanu". 1

1. S.N.Sen, Eiyhteen Fiftj' Seven, Govt. of Iruia, 1\ew lJelhi, 1 )57 t Po 405 •

Gr<r ft5~ ,j~?.JT ~~ ~~ • ~~~ f5l~rr.ttrt1~ ~~ !i\-mDG ~r-13 ,jre­

rq~ GW1~ 1l(<lJQ' -~~~ .. ~ ;:rr l t5EI 1lCG "In Ouah, however, the·

revolt assumeo a tl:ltional oimension though the term must be used

in a limitea sense, for the conception of Inaiau nationality was

in embryo". 1

between the white anu the black, • • • Nor \18.S the war of 1857 a

conflict between barbarism ana civilisation. 112

<.IF1:::J "rhe eaucatea Inuian at first haa no fait in arwed rebellion,

and the failure of the revolt confirrueu him in his conviction. He

placea his hope in British liberalisili anu he had no uoubt ,

that as soon as he proveo hi111self worthy of it, the couutrywen of

11arupuen, 1~1 ilton, anu Burke woula restore to him his birthright."3

"';)• G(t1<f , '1: 8 ~ ~ •

A.. G(t1<f , '1: 8 ~ 1J - ~ 8 •

~ • Gt11<J <1: a ~ tr • '

G'~·~ j~~ ~T-3 ~·~~ft <1f3~~ 31~Gi~:1;rr?J (5f(~ GP1 ~. ~·~ .. ~

jmf\m ~1) 1 ~~ltJ!<f$1 I <11'3~ cr~~ ~~~ r~ r<r~~<f %~ • j<r·~ .. ~

~TfilG ~1) I ~:t j<J"<f .. ff .rJr.'1G iS;ft~f ~rm ~ ~o-·1~111~ F<lt5fQ i<r~ ~~~

ffi:p;~ I I w. ~I ~(3~ t .T ~1 ~ <f<Jf I ~:J\ I <7f~ I ~~~~~I~ <IT~ rrrr~~

~l~ I ~·<r .. 11 re ~Tfll\5 ~11 , I <rr::r'1 ~ <r<rr • j<rr"<r .. ~<rui~ ~f\1vr~ ~9fTCG~ (\ ~"" . . -

::1("'<~ \)JiC~ll5~ <f"ill ~~ I ~t\5 ~~'\CiRI W~ "51~ Vi~~ F~ CCR~ 1JG~ro~

&R~ c~ 1 G'i3~jt11Cl8J 10lou~ ,~~~'if~ ~'11~ \JT~ ~"~ Itr< ci'r~ ftt~

rn~;r ~17-io 101:fnf\1G !!'"'<~ mrt'1ni~ ~ ~1) • ~, ~~ ~~ { F?J • ::rrr~~.. 1

~"fr.ft i<lc~w~~ ~<rr~ G'I:i1lr~~ ~~'1r:i ~~~ C5il5ir!tff ~~ \JTTD;JTRSi\5

rn~ ~~ "5T~~":1;rf?J C51~ <r·tlJT l1T~ <flt'1 i<fc5rr!<~ ~~~ Ulft"ilfi~ ~ f")~ ~~

(1J 1 1 f!l"fr.<1 f'.;J(5,J QGf j~ 'i'f~ ~ ,.~~ ~f 01'1 ;rf J 1 1 ~

•

~fu:<TfSl~ ~ rfD"5 1:Ji01" 1:Jt:tr~ b lrQG ~ r::JC:\'ft'!<~ ~~ C1J j~~ %;rf ~~ ~ft

·Q'i "The Sepoy mutiny anu the Revolt of 1857".

r-1~ f.q~~ 13"~3 FD3~ <f~ F~ <w1;r ,. .••• priruari ly the outbreak

was a mutiny of the troops, ana whatever plan or conspiracy wigllt

have been at the bottom of it. it was at first practically confined

to the troops. rr2

1K51.1:Jl1fr.<f.$i 1:JCG 11It is an undeniable fact that all the

leading figures in this great outbreak were alienated from the 3 British f ·r the private reasons."

~ • · ~~Tnl~ ~r~nl ~-~r~ ~1 Gf\J~ 13 jtl'r;fi~ ~~~ ; IJJT~"l1<fi1St-nf ~F3<H ~ ~aq, (00Crf ~fj'1)

\• R.S. Majumuar1 The Sepoy mutinl anu the Revolt of lb57 1 Calc u t ta , 1 Y 57 , p • 39 •

IJ • \)(t\(f t ;: IJ ~Q •

\')f.CJ~~ ltf-1 ;Jqi~ ~<l>T~ ~C<1~ "The outbreak of 1857 woula surely

go down in history as the first great ana uirect challenge to the

British rule in Inuia on an extensive scale. AS such it inspired

the genuine national movement for the freeao1u of Inuia from 1

British yoke wl1ich startea half a century later."

;J~·~~m • '1F3<fil11 TS: w.,1l11 mRI ;Jq;!f j<f"~ .. ~fll;.) ~~ 1 j<r"~ .. ft ~'1

• • ~ r"5fit'G i-1~ ~'j.T'\? ~~IV \Jrj<Hf¥1\5 ;:r~~-13 'I' .!!"!t ~ .. <K ~~ ~~ft ~~fi'IG

~3~ ~<li51~~ ~ <fe'i~ DJ , o b-Qq ~ ~ .. ~ I]'~ ~G F<lc5jlc~ ill~ \JJ\I'f~~ .. ~Til~ f~ I it>~ GtR ~ ~GFi' ' ~ 15Qq mt'l~ iStT~ w-:..n ~ !Jl~~ ~;TI i\1'1 ~ ~\rnet1~

jt\5 f\J3WIT'13 ; rof.1 \)r~''"'~ ~f'<\) ~f~ .. ~~ mw~~ 1 F<lcsw~~ Pl~ ~m:J

~~ 1:1'\f~ ffii~~ t1:1 ~ffi"--t ~q'V{-t GP-(ft<} ~~ ~ ~~ <lft1W ~~ ~·~­

~~ \5~~ 10~ 51.3 '<n5 ~~UT - ~ ~ ~~~T II ~ .. c~~3 jf'l~;:r D1'3W " " "

!Jl~\¥1 t_.t3~ ~ .. GJ":\;:n-~ ~(;r;J ~TC~ ~--tS"5, \KS\.1:l"l1TGF~ \:!C\5~ ~T1~"! ~"t~'J

q;~ !Jro 1 I%D:J:sr 1]ro-Q" ~ (JQq ~ F<~c~~ ~ <f-1~i4\5 ~;;rr 1 ~ <t ~rnf.4c5 ~ . . ' ' ~ ib~ GG1 ;J"qi~ tiR"ff ~1:} ~ !JQq ~rCA~ f<4c~J~ ftic:f ~. ~N,G <H?JC"l'\1 1Ji~~~

;J ~~"-' :srP-<~i'1 .!1-Q" ~C5jiC!<~ .!!<ii1Jf3 ~ j~~ W"?I~ ~'1 ;rr I .!! ~-• jC1JT1

C11~.,, r-{5~ 11'\?~ft 1:1r'JJ~ GT'~~ ~ 1 clr:sr 1JCG • • ~ tJaq >{Tr~r~ Ct1~1l'11rr?JT " ... . r.,~ ~ih~ 11~)Tf a>;Jli3i .!l<f-l'fG <r'~:sr ~\~ ~ <rrn~ ~~['l<f .. ~<rf5TI~ ~ '\5lll~ G ~;:rr . "' " ' . 00"(3--IPR <rfu: : j<H --t I I t tJ

~ • iJCtt<r , ~ : ~ q (J •

~ • :s!r.J¥f5~ W._1J~~ ,' <H T"mm ~~ >l"\3 .. T'\5 <fC'lJ<fif !J!j<flf\13 ~~~~.!!' ~i\5-<~ ,

l51J ~"' , ~ 1J 31\ ~T , ~ tJ tJ8 •

tJ • ~ ~ ~"'f~ 1\5 , GT~~ -w.<r~n:;-r!( , f.c3C"\JI 'iJJ ~~ A;n '"~ 1 'II <1.3~1 , 'fl'l<ffi5T t ~ ~Qq •

"'[1Jft; C5l~i'f ~ o LrQq~ f<lC5T!<~ j~ \5115l1J ~J:fi:mr "Si\jr1! C5lf~T ft:i~~~ I .... . dr~ "tlro~ "5l'YfC~ ro~ l1

01R3-- C"t:\~~ • • '1:.t ;:r\f· m~ ~ -!!"!t F<lt51t~ "Slf~1J \J!\rt!l~~

~~f!M ~ ~<J\ 00"~·13 '1'-f. ~~ \IT~ Ci;J~ -!!~ f4C5)C~~ jf\5 ~T~ \5 It ~ ~ 01 " ~

"<Iifl'f SOJl SIMJ~ ~~ J'f~ j(Wi'f ~13 .!l:t F4t5;1~ ~~ ~ ~\~~ 11.. I ~<:."Sl~

>n:J~ ['1[~'1 I I I 0

~J'f 1[\)~ 1J't1l"@?J 11G <rr~'lf~ ~T~ ~~ "Sif\J"\5 ~:< ~ \J!m;f!<IJ ~~

GW1~ 1J\j ~'\5 ~ <t8! t'1 ~; ~ ;:t ''f<rrt:lf\iq; a-r ~>I ~ , trrc1 ~ a-r~t7r DJ ~r~ J'ff~ ~

~ ~ ~ ~ cq;~ \Jf "ilft:i ~'~oGIJTf~~ '<1) , \5T13 ~~~ 001l I .!!CoR~ ~ f.lm.J "

_!I~ {1l t ~lt~ me;~ J'f~OI :sJ ~~~~ 31\~ f~C5Tf'2l~ >{f11"\5\5Tf3<r. c~~

~t'113 ~ fm)~ "i'f~Tf"3<f J'ff~~ \jiiSf ~ f~f!<IJ 'J.ff<tl "S{~ f<r;;rr ? I I ~ 01

jL1JP1 t>1~'lf..C~~ ~ ~itr'<rm 1"f .. GJ .. 5 ;rr~ esi~ -!!"<r\ slnPTIJ"'3 1l~· ~~

'i'f'"'< t; ff m1~~IC<l ~i!ICi11fDG :<D;I.~ I .... . ~C1JI'f5 .. 5 ~.11tiR!~ ~r:m \11~ 31~~ ~~ dWt?J 1K~ ~~11 -<sr~rt;

~?ff ~f1) -!J<J\ "':<~ lJ01 (~?ff ~f1) 13 ljcy .\l" ('~f?ff ~f1) I "':(~~ ~?ff ~f1)

o Lraq~ i<wJr~ "Sl~ GT~ !JJ~IJ j<ffl'f ~~ 11 ln the North-western Provinces,

Bundelkhand, Saugar anu Narbada territories, West Bihar, Choto-

nagpur ana Ouah, the movement of 1H57- 5'.1 had a popular basis.

In the rest of the country iucluaing the South, the Punjab, Raj­

p~tan?-, ?~ 11 Ci• •.. ~~:~er~b~u, Bengal, East Bihar, Orissa and Assam,

o • Gr::t<f , ?f: 0 8 8 • ..

though there were risings of the native Soloiery herfl ano

there, the civil population remaineo on the ,\'hole, 4uiet ana 1

peaceful".

r-1~~ ~ro F~ft:f~ rn~ ~t~ft~ ~~ <rr mr:i~ 31~r:~ ~if ~~ "51\'~Jfho

:<~ R I <nR3--"if0 ~~ oF$lQI~ GW1~ 1J,i1 \St'G~ !lii1 I ~~·~ t-1~ ~lJ

1K§ "ij~~ 1JGm \Jr::T >i~~ ~~ ~ ~

:<~~t; DWr~-t!J111 i<lC~I~ (~~~ "5:T1lfC'Clll]~ ~ <rC'i~ "fht. leaaers

of the mutiny lacked the personality and organising ability as

a Lenin or a Washington an'• coul" not 1 tt f " " 1ere vre 1 organise

the moveruent on a popular basis all over inoia." 2

~<f'<JT iD<li't , b l5Qq~ i<lCSrC!< C'i~~ f4i\<IT ~~ryrf''l{G"t~~ 1KGT "C~T~ ooi~ ... 1JCGT~ I Gc<r ~~~\ ¥1 ~T~~ ~~<K~ C~T~ i<KJ(r~ .!l-7t ~~~ C<JIT~ C~~~

:1GJPTf ~· ~-l- 0f<IT'iJ ~ 'Fr'Yf ;rr-m 2l I

I :t~~ I -vr~ rn ~ ~-qffi' ~ .. <f .. \3 j'fff-10 :<~ I ~~ f<IT"'<f.. t'1 ~

~ ~ <f8r ~ ' I I R:J~-.tl ~ ~ :(~ "5f<f j ~ <IT\~ITrtP'f I <IT\~ \St ~ ~ ~ i<f'iJ"

ts1~01~ ~~ f1JG"rt;ltro rn~ ~ ~ F;r 1 I I 0

b • Haraprosad C:hattapaahyaya, The Sepoy Mutinl, 1)57 1

p. 199.

~ • G[t1<r , 1: ~ G .J •

v • "!< ~ ~ st:Glvrr .!;jJ 111 , "'01 'fr-<1 l<lrJr< 13 >1~ ~'qi "<IT\AT I , -.::~ i>1 o 0 t)() _ t> 8

>1 '\)"i:j ~iS •

(boo)

[c1 ~ ~ ~~ ~ 13'~ 9f" Rf 9f .. ~ ~ ~T"iJ ~ I '\ t<rcr1 f Q ~Tt1l ~ i<f~"(11 i<r~f~

OliCtini-;n- ~C1J~ 1 G'r~ 1JCG I I ~- =1 ~ =1~~ ~ti ;:rrfm5 =lf ~~ ~<t ~"9 [7;{'1r<l f<JC31 Q ~,-mt;Qi -Q"G =lf I ... I b

[cl~~ .!1~ \S"f3.~ Gff~ ~" ~~ ~ I Gl'=l=lf ~1J ~nl;N b ~Qq~

f<lcr:;ICQ~ .!l~f3 q;r~=1 ~ 1 ~:sl c~~ ~ rnr;r<Ji m~ -1 "\5~li5 G 1\c, 1 G~ <n,;:rr ...l .. '

l1f~ ~ <H~~ f'<~ ftsirf ~ 'lJc·~:s! C)I'NT~;:rt' ~;r C>tf~ >iroli" ~~'>if I

~ 1~ r~~~ Gl~ ~'1'' -~"V tf~T f4'T~;iT~~ 1~C9fT~-J -.n\'lf1J ~ '<3(i> ~~

~ ~~~~-~ ~~~ , .!)~ 3i'jqi"VJ~ ~.J f1i'l <rr~'T <rrr~ lj(<U'~G ~ilT 1 crrn <IT~ ~1 jmQ:sl C5i~ CtlP1 -ITNs 0lli" 3 ~~ £\'1 <f"lf<f .. 9f~ I Gf!t ~FIT

Cb~"'l f<lc~1tt ~~C11~ q,~ m~ 1 I I),.

~~ 14 .. ~ 13 G'1Jr 1J .. ~ !1:1ft:ro \5Tt<r .!l~f"U' j"!< ~~ ~~

'fhe growth of Nationalism in India' a{Y{¥ I mr~ f.s!~lS

9ff3-q>n; GJD1~ ~~FG' j<f"<i .. t3 ~·Tf\1t5 ~1) l d'ftl1~ ~ro "It was only with

the boycott and swaaeshi movement of 1905 that we enter upon a

new phase of organisea national upsurge against the B ritish in

lnuia, characterised by the deH;ano for 'unqualified Swaraj • ."3

b • G~ , 1: b 1.)~ •

\ • GC"L1<f , "1: b \) b •

0 • Haridas ;1,ukherjee & Uma Mukherjee, 'fhe Great Risiny of 1857', The l\louern Review, 1757.

d'rm <l(·l~ "Throughout the 19th century the Inuian belief

in the native generosity ana liberalism of the English people

was a persistant reality. The sense of pangs of foreign slavery

has not yet been raised. "l

1lC~'1f<jln.1 t);~~ rS'~J-. hl~~ r<fr~ \l~ ~~1i1 ;p;l I Gf;J;n" rt_ <r.

b lJQq~ ~< ~ GT~ 'Jl(;r<ii \JlTr'i'f r~m r<ff~ , 1l_ ~ \3 ~\3'C31'1 OO"C'"ttFJ(~~ \lG

"1~ OIIT"11171~"lf_ fc1 ct~~ i<r~~ .. G~ fSI't~ \Jl'1~~~ i<f~r'<j;.~ ~ GrEfiC1

.. GTr'iSI 1Jtt) "T hi s

part of l.Jr. Majumdar's contention ooboay perhaps will 'ever

oispute, for it is an accomplishea reality. But his proposition

that 'the genuine national movement for the freeaom of Inuia'

the movement which 'starteu half a centur,Y later" 'was inspired'

b.Y the momentar.r of the eveut of 1857 is not likely to be acocepted 2 without a challenge."

.---------------------

~~ 11 r~'1r~P.J J ~T~'tiT>r 1:1 r~iT~PJ ci'1111~~ o l1<lG m-:r~ ~ri<lc~r< I . . ,., . . .

j<!t"<f.. ~ %"5 1Ji3;" 1J ~~ \3 "51 .. 8!"5 ;rr\l C'5i{~ j' ~ :sni ::rr ~ ~ I 51D'~ 1JU5

I I b l1QG >1(~ -Q",~, ~~ ~ -Q",~ "ij .. ('if~ (j" '1~ t~ICI7'ot jfG~1]PTI'l ft-'1 ::rr I

<r~' F~~ \'K~ ~ift j'iir\5~ ~T~<~· 1 qift\Si~ ~ft:it~~ .r-,8l\Si ~~·1 ~rf<lt:iiQ r<f

,j1J ~~ ~DJT ~EJ 1]"@ ~~~\3 j'iilt51J '1<ql CJif["'l11'1 ~ <f'1m '9ffisl' ::rr I I I 0 " ~

~C~I Q '31~ ~-rru [~ fD"UI~I~ ;rr ~%"t:; ~ iJ"liC'$3~ iJ 'lJ"ij(~ SiC:.( • .l " ~ •

C'il~ ~ lJTl) I o l1Qq ~ F<lt~ICQ~ ~f(; ~lD~ <Rm5 ~ ~~ D'Jr~ ~~

I 1 ~¥1 "K)C"<RJ 1J<lH5Tl~ Fs:i'1r.tl ~C~IQ(<qi ()]1\)l~Gf<n"{li~ C)!~~ 1J~ ~:m- ,j<f\

G~ 1K<ff 5i4~H1\:ll"9 1 {1i¥1rjrrl:sf' ( OO"~m m-.J) '3f~ .. T~ ~~ ~~ <7f~~ .. T~~ <!·~

"QG~ \}1~~ I' I ~

'5f$iT'.Jf\l<r <m5r~T01~ ~tjrc< i.i~v ~~ w~ ~if ~~ ~ ~f.i m~

• I jr9 I:\ ""t ~ ~ ~ ~ ::r<n f\1~r , ~ 'Si":.~:sr 13 ~"Il G'111 'SlGI :;:3 \§ ~ >!:.'lfl\1 • ~ <4. • ~·.., •

~ ~ . ~~ GT~ I I.Ji~ "51\jf"Q ~~.. "51"t9fl:\ GT:m- ,j<l:tf ~-~ f'<lC5(~Q~ ~<7fT~

i5"'5\lli5" G ~·~T~ ~~ -~F4~\3 ~~ ~~ f-1 1 ' ' 0 ~

\5T~<rr~ i<r~ ,j~ 151 .. ~ 1JT~ i<r~f\5 iJK<f fcl~ f';~~r<tr~ ~~~ ~T~

~ .. ~m ? mm F~C~J(Q ftii&5r'l D~~~ &:~ ·;J m~ GT~J -!)~ <rfT~ DiSll'N:sf <Rm)

~~R I

o 1J l)8 , j'2.f1l "51\ ~T •

~ • i<r~ r~~ : <rr~r-ft <r .. fl'<l-.. ~ 13 f's:r~ ~csrQ ~ ~ .. ~ "SiftQ"GJ , o 0 ~a .

0 • GC"'1<f '

(o00)

r-1~ ! .!l~~ j<TA<f .. ~ f3l , filTliit ~r~rilill' Reb, llion 1857 - a

Symposium' ~"!( ~\L~ilrd j<rTf\1\.5 ~1) I <ff\Sf'11 <r ... ~ .. ~~ ~t:iW< ~~

••fl't·n:l' {1:1 <i•Hl~">i f'1 ~~ cl'r:s1 ~ .. ~~ ~-r.?I~ ~ 1lt"<IT .!1<1'ft' 1:1 ~ .,~~f"'ff I • J,~ ~ v~~ • ~

>T1Jq>f'1l~ <r.. F'<f .. C§l<Jieti~ i<lt3JC>. ~;mr~ <liT~~ GWl~ ~~~~ 1 f1G't~ mft

~ ~.,1 ~ I ~~~ o u-aq ~ f.;JC5f'< ~R 1J~ ji\)f21..~~'1 >lf1j~ ~C:il:( ~~

~I

'1 ct~1c"\~ 13 'i'f "\5ft11sr .!l<f\ \J!r~N\5 ~~~~ .!i<ro"r ~ \)!\~ &~100 q;~~ 1 . ~ . G~TCtl~ ~~ .nJGT~ 1Ji5~4<ll~~ CGT ~ I fsi~Cl\~ \Si1l~ 1JJ!~ \W<lTSl"

~~ -{1Jf'if'1 - ~('1~ t15U. ~ j\)Jr<m ~ -!l<f\ ~ ¥'lOT~ <UT~ j"lltt5~ jt\s(~.t1 I I I~

<rl\)r-tWl~ F<Jc5fQ I -,j)J iJ\m<l' -s:r11?.!~ ~ rof.i C'1r~~ • I >l\JJ ~ (1:1 f"'r~o •

<msl'-it (3{~ f<lt51~ ~~ Q~ ~ , llif:ili\) ~-~ftfc:l I ~~. G~TCG '1W~

f'4111. :n·~ I I I ~

\)!~~ ~ 1J'\j<fJ q;~~l I 0 l1aq~ 1JT ~~'1 \)f(<i\ llfl:t f\JG'fti.i <rT

f::JC31Q <f<lro tJIT<>ff\3 ~f{q> iJ~ ~ ffi~T\5" <rr >l\1l"~ <IT "ij· ~.. I I I l>r9fr.il ll .. -.;;:r .. I I

~~ \jlj1:1 .. ~ ~ I I I 0

o • ~ ... ~ ... 1Jf~ t"51 ;:r , 4Jt1Cii >lff!(ruJ~ ~~T>l ( ~ 1) W1;,5) ~~<ffe5T <>f~1J ~ .. ~~ o o q 0,

1: \ o " • j ~1J 1J... ~ ~ - o o a o •

\ • GC11<r , 1: \ o a •

o • CJr~f\P11.5Rl ~"9 ; ~<r~ i3!T("ii 1 -w ~ , oo 1.!>8 • •

~~~ ~~r:aTG~ iS"1J >I~ G1 ~~~ ~JJI't"rJG I I ~r~;TI ~~r ~111. ~

'm; fsw~f51;rDJ G <K~ GT~ it{(!(~ <r511"~ >Ir~ 31~ ~T~®~ ~ ilf\5f~Tfts fS:!Uil -~ct <rc~ 1:1~ , 'Yf~~t;mr~ .!}~ iS~'1l1JT~ ~1~N-- r~ .!lGlT ~~~ ~~~

[F)'G ;:n- I I I 0

.!l!f 1Jft1 ~ F"51~ i<lt~IQ "!<~ crr.<~ crrm ~fe'11 ~~ or<r>rr~ m;:rr

: :~ ~ G~ qQJ(li it' 1J ~ t:U<fi "5IT1Jr~ @ri.f IJIT["~ ~ ~ I ..!l <f\ ~"if f-1 9f il~ . " " '

~Tfllrll~ <lTJ GEl fl:ifti~ i3i"if"1JrP.< ~ t1f:l3il <t~ r~ rllf;:n- i<r<r~~ G"<1~ • ~~ <roB ~ LrQq ~ i<JC~ICQ~ ~ jl~\<li G?m5 , ttr~ T'\ ~ '3 1ft~ 1~~

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m~ I ~ 'l~~ ~ 'The Volcano or the First war of Indian

I nde pend en ce' S1l~f<ij<Jil"~ 1JDJ "The Revolution of 1857 was a

test to seP how far lnuia hao come towards unity, inoepenoence 1 ana popular power.''

~v~ GIT ~ ~~ f<JC51C~ QW'1~~ ~ ~ :rr{1J<HCtt~ ~~ IS"~ 'j¥1\"SiT

~{1JC~ :t I

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:t:.'1N5~ >Itv ms~~:rt Gr -~;ni5~G j~f3..>JT 1 I I ~

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~ • V.U. Savarkar, The First War of Inaian Indepenoence, Bombay,

1 960 ' p • 46 3.

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~ ~ .

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F~ -sj~ f'1, ~. cmtfi~ \i:ri\s'1JG "One of the great positive achievements

of the 1857 uprising acclaimeu with justified priue by the Indian

national movement has been the noble attempt to forge, and sus­

tainea efforts to maintain against British machinations, Hinuu­

Muslim unity for the sue cessful conauct of the struggle."~

f\5f~ ~~ ~~ "It was a new and unique phenomenon in Indian

na tiona! his tory". 3

uprising is a historic lanuwark. It marks the enu of the whole

historic·phase and the beginning of a new one. On the British side

it finished the Company's rule ani led to direct government unuer

-------·-•

~. P •. :::.Jos .. i, 'ld57 in our History', P •. :.Joshi (ea.) Rebellion

1857 a Symposium, K.P.Bagchi & Co., Calcutta, 1957, p.I82.

the British Crown . . . . ' on the I ooian side, the revo 1 t tai 1 ed

but the Inuian people IJOt that ext•erience which ena.blea them to

builo the modern Imian national movement on new foundations aoo 1

with new ideas."

11~~ rA~'-1~ 1JC<JJ C'>ff9fl7-l ~~~ 13 i<r~ ~~ h traq~ i<lCjl~ ~~

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(oso)

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C'5'fl"~ ~f'1t:tf~ G~ t\r~1 ~"<f-. 'Bengali literature before and after ..

1857 ( 1856-85)' \3 f.:JC51CQO~ ;::n1J~ -;JI"f>J<1·~ ~l'fCj(\J~ jl'f\SIT ~::I I G~

-!lt j<l"<f .. W f-f, f51, Dlfi'fi "51~~ 'Rebellion 1857 a Symposium'

-!!~ tJ!"G~ ~I-~

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v • G(t1<!

8 • \Jrtl<r

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~ .. '1 ">lT\~111~ \J\5<IT <li@=l "Inaia waae a aeter•11ineo effort to

f11ee herself from British rule in 1857 ."2 ft5R

f<rcJ--rtTcl1~ "5W-<T~~ j~{>[ ~ <n'1~ "The Purabias fought not only

in their Cantonuents st.Jreao all over the countr,t but their kith

anu kin fought fearlessly in the aistricts, the towns ana the

villages" •3

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rs~--r ~~ l:if<fSIT~ "ij~ ~~~ ~<tt~ q>~ .!)ql 1f.<r~ "51\jnJ I I I s

~ • GC'"\ ~ •

~· Rahul Sankr1tyayana1 'The Brave Purabias of 1857' 1 ISCUS,

Spec l a 1 N.lm be r 1 1 9 57 •

(~8 ~)

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.!1 >t j["'.<' 'if...~~ ~F.< :n I ~~ .. ro- r<NC"~ r~~ ~ Gr~ rn~ SjT .;rrc~Rr m 1

----------------------0 • 1T'-<1P]JT &ti bl ~ , I b LrQq ~ ~-;fif\5 '13 ~R<GJ 1

, '1~~ t b0 1.)8 - I.)Q ' i : -

~ • ""if.<rr~m ~f1f , <H r-m~ ~ ;n , o o ~.>o , 1 : o o o ,

0 • GC11< , 1~ , 00 q •

(oss)

1Jr<F~~Tt:\t C'l~.,"K~ 1JG \JJ-~"W11 CJr[;:;rq; C~ ~ o bQq ~ f<JC5jiC~~ '!'f;rD~C!l~

G'cR~ •H.-~~~ , ;(11~ "tlr~ 'ltfti5 .. ~~ m~ m \3 ~f4i,~ tlt~~ ~ i<rc'lil

~~"iff I

~~ ( o) Civil Rebellion in the Inuian Mutinies i

( ~) Theories of the Inuian Mutiny.

o l! Q q ~ F<tt5t-;: 3i ~ \J!ICAI5 ~ <f:;mJ ~ "f~ ._ ~ -1 rsl ~ ... m ~ ;:r "The

religious feeling minglea with the racial .issue- the universal

hatred of the English aliens which gave. the revolt of 1857, a

national colour.ing."l

... GT~ ® "Yet the Rebellion of 1857 was not the work of the

oispossessed talukaars alone. The war uf the talukoars was ruaoe

possible only by the co-operation of the general mass of people,

the countr.r people, the villagers of aifferent social status."2

ftsR \JlTii\3 ~-ij' <.f@;:j' "The revo 1 t of that year- appears to have

b. S.R. Chouahurl, Civil Rebellion in the Inuian Mutinies, The

Worlu Press Private Lta., Calcutta, 1~57, p. 261.

( b 8 <l)

been the first combineu attempt of ntany classes of people to

. ul challange a foreign power.

lJii' ;:ril 1 GT~ 1lQ "The Revolt of 1857 was not ruerely anti-British • ..~ :-..~ _o__ f

but a movement expressing profound aesires for freedom. J:il:l0~

)i~r{-o'< ~~ ~~ '-'ff~Y C'>JfJ~r~ }J.'9ltsb 0 (,( h'~~ ¥z11.r "It the revolt appeared to be a legitimate means of establishing

social justice ana equity which coula only be aone by upsetting

the existing government then it may not remotely differ frorn . f . rt3 a nattonal war o 1nuependence.

G'9frn~ j~'l'f.. ~ ~ 'Ttti~t.l;l~ m~ :m~ <W}~ffi" j<r·<r·\3 ~~ ~1] 1 I~~~

1 r~~J ~ ,mtt ~<51 Q< I j<rr .. <r .. t -1 ~ 9f~19f~ ~ ~ Gf~ ~ ~P1 '1~1 ~ 1:1n.1 '

tt5R ~~ q>TIJ~' I nr "Si~~ ~ C1J o trQq ~~ ~rrr.n~ :1'<!1J "Sjf~~ ~~~

~4;m-~ <ff~ ~~ c't<H~ j~ ~~i=l I 8

t'1~ -!)-~ G!3--~ ~~j~-m <FIT ~11) IJff~\(~ 11"~ -!lfb ~. "Si~~ ~

<f-lT ll~ ~ I

f\5f;:j \JJBf-3 ~~ <fGJ~' I ~r-:Jt~IC<<r) ~r··m~ ~r.n . lJTf"\5W ~rts j<rr~ ~~

c;mrv1:;q 31\jf\J iSFu'T ,~ [l:JJD[::rsf 0011111J ~~ • esiiT5TVGT~ 001ir~ ~fi.<IJ -!!~~

·.t;~<ii I • • a ---·------0 • G~ I 1: ~ ~q •

~ • G~ • '1: ~ ~ ~ • 1.). S.B. Chouahuri, Theories of the Inoian Mutinl, Calcutta, 1965,

p. 136.

a. '"~~~ .. l;l~ m~m, '311:r-1T1Jf1J<i> 11'\Vro i1i'irtt ~~: ~~~, ~ 0 ~~ _ ~o. <l. GC!1~ •

~'t ~~ j<K"<r· ro~ F<r?fmG 1Jru~ or<r0r~~ ~~~I~ (JQq ~:s:r F4t511!<

1J '1G: f$1~(11~ I<JC:il!< I ijfQJ~ ?fiiOTCG ~fl.<~ ~~(11:s:J GlS f<j(ifi~ 13 ~C~T~ I ~

"51 G~n ~:r w~ ~~~ ~ '1Krcjr.t-ro (11~ ~t<r I 13l:m~~ I .,~r.rr-~ ~<r' " ?f~flm 1ITJP] ~rol~ 31\~~ ~<;>{ ~T:s:J G'?f~ <;>f~C'113 :-i' <rFQ-·~ G'~"51 ~~

\JI"\5"11J:'1 ~ ·fuj ~~ -Q:~ w 1 I I ~

' ~ tJQq 3 f3<1~ ~' ;:rr[~ ~~ OJ?f~ -!l~ffi' ~"<r· 1<ffi'TG ~1] I -!1~ j<rr"<f•

~~tq~ ~~ CDl~ m f3~ ~ t~Fff5{~~ f1~~f 9f~ ~-4~ 31~ >rr'~ ~T~ ~;.r I

~ ~~ G~ tr-B-- ~~I I ~~~ \SIT("'If DJ f<jc51!<~ ~r~r ~-v;w"5 ~ret~ "5f!<r~Ft~

M~ ~~ l mi4 clrn~ ~lW-1~ 11c~ i<lc~ t~R<F 111c~ '!iftsf<f~ <r"<f .. ~~

<r~·?f~ ~)rl\r-1 ~ <rf.r~r rn::r GK'1ft ~~ 1 paJtLcot.:l~Unl~ Paf.vvs -!1

Gt:~~ ~ C1J f3'\ ~:s:J ~r~roi ~~r~ <J>~;Jt fl:t~ rnTTf fl:l~~ C1J 1\5~

Gr.<rftt~ ~~ F<r~ t:t1JC~ 3if~r{.[GT mTlli <f.~~ ~"G fGF~ C1J 9f~~ ~TllJ "

ltif::l rnEJ\3 ~ ~ r;t~lf~l I ~ IJ~ ~ ~ f3t :s:JT~<;>f ~~ <f~ ~ l111[~ rsrt~

>tMT~ Gi 3fT!( niT ~~ ;.rli' I b liB 8 3ir~ 9f ~ ~ <f c$1~ f<j C'il Q <f~ f3 9f m:s:J . . " _. . 1:P-<T~ Gr.<fft\'lfr'f i11l::r <JiG:J(I.) ~tl\:JT j<iiPT <}~ fS~~ ~~~ \JJTC"C1~·r '1~~

~Rrrrr~~ I I I \) . .

~~T~ ~i-li<RSif~ l1C~~ "Nature of the Inaian Revolt of 1857-59"

j<f"<f .. fb ~ ~QB ~: j<fffilG ~~ I ~1' j<fr'<f·~ ~ ~ m--Q" ·:.

ftsR. &~~ <i'B::r "fhe Inuian Revolt of !857-59 was a gigantic challenge to British rule in Inoia"'

... GT~ 1.KG ". • • • it seems that thou.Jh the movement may not have been

~. G~ I

~ • ~iitCS"~~~ m~ m 1 I~ lJQq 3 F!r9f ~~ ?ff'-?ft)>.:J ~() ()B - It() CPt. • , \J\i' v • -rr:-::r

\)I, T'l ' 1= 8 q •

·tt;, K.K. 'D~a 1 {IJ:ilM- flft_ 1nJ:a~- R~volt 4 19 '11- 53, &YI3d

a completely national one, carefully planned and efficiently

orqanised an all-India basls under the inspiration of common

pat r i o t i c ide a 1 s " • 1

~TF-if'.f-&~ 1:\ 3 \<lC~ICQ~ •fG(j ~~ .. ft1CG "Biography of Kunwar Singh and

Amar Singh" ~~~~ :J~ff ~;n- ~~ 1 f4f;p~ ~ GT~ Reflections on

~~~~inrj~lU ~P"TG :<"9 I C'1~ o lrQG~ ~C51C~~ '\ ~~ ~'llb~ <f~ f'i'fD;I

<rf-1~ "··. it has a significance of its own in the history of

Inaian nationalism. It servea as a source of inspiration to

the Inaian Patriots of the succeeding generations in their

battle for the country's liberty".2

f:ilC~I(lJ:~ <ft~ ~r>;i<J> 4>"' 1JGJ f5:1\:Z 31~ G~ 1J"G<l1 "A man of en!ightened and liberal aisposition, a generous patron ot arts ano crafts, a

kind anci popular overlora, Kunwar Singh was a much and beloved

hero of his people ••• His memory is ueservedly enshrined in

the hearts of his countrymen and has continued to be a source of

inspiration to them in their fight for national freedom through " 3 successive epochs •

t~ K.K.Dutta, Reflections on the Mutiny, University of Calcutta, 1967 t p. 7 4.

~~ K.K. Datta, Biogra~_of Ku~ar Si~~mar Singh, 1957, pp. 158ii59.

··314Gf. ·~sr;sr 0'10 "on the death of Kunwar Singh,

Amar Singh was acknowledged as the leaoer of the mov ement, and

he conuucteo his operations with the assistance of an able

. t II 1 compatr1o •

~ ~a a ::IT: ~~11'1f'i 'SrrtiGJ~ ..!l~ ~"<f .. ~r~ ""Q"iJ 'was the Great Revolt of 1857 a Fight f or National freeoom?' ~Y

·cf~i:,,l'l 'India's Freeoom Struggle~l{1l r-:1~~ ..!l<r-~ ~f"~3 ::J<Hfirl\3

:<1J 1 [;l~~ 1Jru "The Revolt of 1857 symbolises a new political . 2

awaken i n g i n the 1 a no 11 •

F<1C51C':'i:~ \3T<!."'i-s:1 <JJPiJT ~;~ F=:rD;J f\sf.1 <fr-1-;J "The real significance of the

mutiny lies, therefore, in an iueological conflict which took

the shape of a patriotic outburst against foreign rule". 3

that the ,JUtbreak was not a revolution of the western type ana it

certainly lackeo some of the known features which characterized

the revolutionary movements of Europe or America. Still it marks a

real national upsurge for the first tin1e in mooern Jnclia".4

i5 • Nand ala 1 Chatter j i , I nuia~fr~ed o~ _ ~_!; !E.<J.9l~, The In(: ian

Press, Allahabao, 1958, p. 24.

( 0 8 ~)

\<jC51CQ:~ J'jG<f~~~fGru 1J!(l.1l'f- ~GT .!l~fG' j<l·<I .. ~5::rf ~~ • Effect of

Ina ian war of Independence' ~ \.!l~ fDf~ .!l~!f j~\JSJD;n ~~ , G~

:j""<ft~ ~1J "1857 the Great Rebellion" Vi~~ ~"the Rebellion

of 1857 was more than a

social volcano where in

mere Sepoy Mutiny, was an eruption of the

1 many pent-up forces found Yent."

itR ~1f ~~ .!lft) i\~ fl.< .. t1_ 1J_ ~~ il:Jfim ~'~ , r<ff~ .!l~fe" ~PlrJ

"Si~~ "51\~ .!lffi" f~'l ~ .!l<H '0lT~Tq~ ~~<JTI.! ~ ..!!~ ~C:\IC'.( C1Jf"i'ft1f~ ~~

rof~ CiiT~ '3 ~1f <fGJ~ "They fought as much for Swadharma as for

Swaraj"2 ~C51CQ \Jr\~1:J'"Q~ ;n~<l· ;n8<ffC11~~~ GT~ 1J"\5<1J"Azimulla Khan

had a romantic career almost like a character from the Arabian

Nights. The military leaders of the revolt- Ahmeu Shah, Kumar

Singh, Tantia Tope and Laxwibai - lacked experience in the art 3 of war".

14~ i0J~~-l1_ t1fij'il, \5 o l5Qq~ i~c<f j'2!11 ~Jit~T ~\~ ~ro f1~ c<lTJj

~~~ I .!lm itf~ j~1J CS1fGl~ ~\~ ?r-C'Yf rnft"f.<ij ~~ I rA~ 1JV3 "The

Major significance of this revolt lies in it~ national charactern.4

o • Asoka Mehta, 'Effects of Inuian War of Inoepenoence', Sankar Sen Gupta (ea.}, War ~f l?•~p~na!Ece, Inuian Publication, Cal, 1~57, p.68

~. Asoka Mehta, 1857 The Q£eat__!~Eel_!io.!!, Bombay, n.d. , p.44.

0 • om- , 1: <!O - Qo •

8 • Amalendu IJasgupta, 'Our first National War', Sankar Sengupta (ed.)

( ~ QO)

[c1~~ G'r:;:r -~-rro~ -q-vrc.i DJ 1:1 ... ~ ~f~T?J Vl<l0l~;n- ~~ ~"t.i-1 "!<'1 i<TC5IIC":<~

~T~ ~~i\5 ~<i\ f.<•t:i -11 ~11 NJ I f<lC:iiC< "5inJ"\5 C~tq.~ j~ ~T~, ~)\5 ~ "' "'

GtsT~~~ fuR <rr-1=t "fhe history of Japan shows that a feudal

1 t . 1 b . f . . ,l eaders np can a so e a p1oneer o moocrn1sat10il.

the context of touay we recall the unnumbered aeath C1cfying

heroes of those uays, who must remain na1IJcless for ever.

Today we revive ana spreaa abroaa, the memories of the brave

deeds of 2

the leaaers of those days".

ooftt<jlsfi \JJ~ rms 'Vf~r'li3 C1J f<lcs;w<~ ~ ",~~'1 ~"iit:\l-r ::TGTI1)~ 3f?f<t~ "'

I ~

CS1ft:iG· 0lT'-Jft11~ q~ ~~:~ ~·t?J~ 1 \51"~ 1lro "The Mutiny of 1557-58 was ~

a gigantic explosion of anti-British forces. Its repercussions

wel'e not confinea to l.Jelhi, Meerat, Cawnpore, Luckmw, Jhansi,

Rohilkhana, 6uoh anL Allahabau ana such othel' places but also felt

in l'emote places in Bengal ana Bihar, Chotanagpul', though distant,

was net li<j'ttly effec te<i by these stirri11g events anu cau~IH the

fla111e of resistance ana was shaken with the spirit of defiance of

0 • \5\"1~· f '1 : 'o 80 •

~· Bhupati Majumdar, 'A Salute of 1857', Sankar Sengupta(ea.).

~ cs'1;;q~G , 1: ~~ ·

( o Qo )

f B ·t· · yoke". 1 authority anu of inoepenuence rom r1 1 sn

\h~G=l " ••• Some lanoholuers fouyht a<plrjst the British, '

. others fought with or for the British

against their uwn 2

fe 11 ows".

was the last MUtJhal potentate. lie was very olu ana infir111 when

the In~ian mutiny took place at ~elhi 1B57 anu he was ur&yyeu

by the lllUtincers from his place to be seateu on the throne of

his forefathers. He took up his task seriously auL. maue earnest

efforts to conouct the aowinistration ... he ho.-.~ also to keep a

careful watch on his insolvent anu lawless soldiery, but l1ere

hi s e f fort s • ..e r e m o s t 1 .f f u t i 1 e a no i n f r u c t u o us • " 3

o • Jagaoish Narayan Sark.ar, 'The 1\iuti ny 111 Manbhum', Im .. ian

Historical Recoros Commission, 1956.

~. Jayauist. Nara.tan Sar .r, 'I'he MuLi ny of lti57-5b anll the Palamou

Jag1ruars', Juurual of Binar Res~arch_§~ciet_l> 1955.

0 • S.K. Banerji, 'Bat1aaur Shah II of l.Jelhi ano the a<illtinistration

Court of the Mutineers', In<...ian His~E.£ica_!._~~coros Commi!~io_!!, 1948.

~\'iK~PBJ j~ro ~~~ ( G~~ '\<f 9fff<f~5TC~~) .!l, ~ 1l~~

b lrQ'l ~ f<JC11CQ~ ~f~~ ~~ "The Sepoy was not only a soluier

but a representative man, who ewboaiea the feelings and opinions

of large ana influential classes of his countrymen".!

G~ 1JCG "There was a close, co-operation between the

Hinous ana the Company auring the early years of B ritish admi-

nistration. The muslims on the other hand, were suspected of

oi sloyaJ ty an<.l the apprel1ension of musliu~ ai ~~ontent hauuted

the minas of the early administrators."2

.!l-~ Gl~~ 1:i[<fl ~ r'i~ ~~11... i<fc1~ 1K~I~IC~~ j"'t-P1 '1<c~1 <RIT ~ f

0"'\ ~'Ql\)i~ [:J;fi fS:ilh"~ ~7.1 ~(1:JTF1GT ~1fT ~ ~ fD~ 'GIT :lfA ~"SQ

r.r "tl.. -~r~t1r~ -Si ~ .!l~ G'fB.. jDJruiJ ;n; 1

~QT~ ~~tl ~ '~'~ ... '5 ~ lrQG ~ i<fC5J:<cq> I ~t~~ I \.l lJIT~T ft\t~~~ l.:lre' ~·'\

~;p>Jrr~~ ~~\S ~'~ ~ \Sf fGF~ it<H~ "'t-~~ I CCl~ b lrQG i4~"?!

Gr<:. 9f11 m.~~~ <f~ F-ir~ <K0 ~I I ~ lrQq .:l~ ,!!~ rn~~ ft:i~'ii_ ~ 1]\5 \J,. ~1Jf~

~ • A.R. Mallick, 'The Muslims aua the Mutiny', The Listener, May ~, 1957.

~ • IJ(l1<f

D • ;:frn~ ~ 43i ;:s 'lf... '\5 , f.d C51 ~ 8"?1\S ( ~ ·~ ~"'5) b ~Q q , ~: ~q •

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' !:=~~ ltlt.J.tz.J tN.l?.J tt; ~~ ~QJ.G1o ri~ ~ ~t C\b fl. ~t $? (\ [)J-{' JP.tz ti.t·lli r..

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~ r;-I trt .it!_~ .lt.9.Jp)I!C\ ~~-tJ ~li hl l::4J .lli'-!LjQJJ;: S>,J ~t)).l.t lSl

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• ,. .. ? • ...

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lt.9l.l::ill1Q QJ~~ ~t21'i11r~J ~bD-'1 ~ fu.e~ ,._~¢. ~r;-I tB~ lt.9.~ 1~~\J "1--> .QJ_~r;-~t>Jt

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<:_I I I t1.-fiJl?. ~ ~ l·ill~

~1~~ ~2~>)·t> ~h ~~15) rut. ill>Jt: ~ t> u>r>J~ m~J f~"'Jta ~d-t>J ~]i. 0.~ e» !2:~';i~ ~l~lz_r;' t]J}c-J ~_1¢. lti I ililli. ~lt Ql.91 ~~~ ~(;' ~1 rll~JlS'! hl ~ ~QJ.l ~

( (\{) ~ )

( ~ <18)

0~~~ j<jf;rq-:11 ~"~~'1 c~~ o ~<lq~ F4cjre<~ ~<n~ G9('1t:f :!i<l're'

j<i"<;f .. ~!J;n- ~EFl 1 GT::J 1Jt\5 "This was the great revolt of 1657. All

over the country there was a great ueal of dissatisfaction ana

alscontent against the B ritish".1

is just one hunored years from toaay that as a r~sult of the

countrywide discontent against the rule of British East. Inuia

,.., I . . . . " 2 ~,_,on.pany, nota wttnessea a great upr1s1ng •

... DJH ... '1 <H~ \5ll\SITC1 Gf~ I I rnnH~P1f ~TGf 3' 1

I j<K"~... b l1 Q q ~ F4 ( jW< ft.("\ -

1J_ ~\J ~'jlfti~ q;~ ~q;rf~ <H~ ~~ ~~";I I .!1~\ .!1~ ~~F4C51!< IJIT~T

'ft1DJ~~ I i4>"G'\ ~l51CQ:~ C~G. '51~ t:t .. :~ ~Pf ~"Q ~~·I 0 (JQq :>[[~~

QiQ~·3 1:l~~ -r~, G~~ 11:r~ ~.!It~~ m'fl~·-q.~ Q1:J ~ ~-Q> >r1J1J ~ v • ~· • •

\iJE;G~rc1~ ~>J 1i~C3~ CIGJ"G \T<J~fTI ~'1 I f<lCjiCQ~ r~r~ ~~

ro ~ <rrr -~ .!1 <f1JG -Q"ro ~~ t1 1 ' I 0

CA ~-GF:r .!1~ i$~ :;I ?ff';;KjwrG <f'1t ~P] G ~~~ ~~<rr~ .!l<l:csi ;::r ~1\51~ (~~

IJlT~~f<r <F4~ ~'ill G.<IT'\5~ I

o • Jawaharlal Nehru, 'The Result of In~ian War of Inaepen~ence',

Sankar Se lliJUpta (eu.}. ~1f ~~b 1 Gt •. ~ ~ ~ • !Jr. Rajeuura Prosau, 'A Lessions froru the Great

Uprlsinq', SaHkar Senyupta (ed.). ~1-i ~~\,.oc.~

o LrQq ~ F<lc51t!<~ l'fG<rr~ ~<7f;;r G'<7f'1r~ ~ .!J~ff S1;;f"tAtv \Jl~ ~rr~

OIIUJIG~ ~·~ "Q"1:1' ' 6 ot ril 6 ~aq 1 • • o . .

f. !r r4 " ·rt Poo rbeah Solo i e r" ~iJ 9fA<JC51CQ~ ~~~\IIJC\5 le

;m1l ~~ft "i'f~ ~;u- ~;;r 1 cl'~ 1Jro"lnoia' s first war of inaependence ......

began on the lOth May 1857 when the Poorbeah Soloier r· i sed the

battle cry, which resounaeo thruuyhout the length ana breaath

2 of the country".

national crisis, India pro~uced some gifted leaaers such as

Tatya Tope, Nana Sahib, The Rani of Jhansi, Kunwar Singh anu

several others. All honour is uue to theu. for carrying on the

3 strugylP against foreiyn uo11.ination for more than two years."

f.ilc~cnr l'fG<IT~ G't=tiJr"'I~ <fTr;1 {'ij ~"9 1Jr~ iit"¥T i<Jrti~ ~~ "Q"ro

vf"l"@ , ~~ ~on5 R~~ c>lfV \il~ -m;;r ~~ I ftf~ ~~ j5f[d' ~;;r "This year,

6 • oo~ .. ~nr ~f3w , o o1' r~ , 6 ~uq, 1: 6 ,

~ • 1.JharJ1.pal, The Po~EEeah §~ldi.~!, Atnta Ram & Sons, Delhi, 1957,

p. 2.

19 57 , t h e c e n t e nary o f t he g rea t m u t i ny and b i ~ c e nt e na r y of

Plassy will probably produce a spate of books on the n ritish

hanuJing uf Inuia. Some of these will unuoubtealy be tinged

with a strong anti-llritish bias. We neea not worry unduly about

s u c h a t t a c k s '' • 1

1 . . - Richarc. Hilton, The Ina,!~ Mut.!~_Centenar_l

IIi s_!~!:1• 1';57, Lo l1tion, p. 216.