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4/9/2014 1 Neuro anesthesia: Lots of action and potential Nelson Nicolas Algarra MD Jan 2014 What will not be covered Neuro physiology Basics of neuroanesthesia Prescribe methods or formulas What will be covered? Anesthetic implication of advances in Interventional neuro radiology adults and peds Tumor surgery Vascular interventions Stroke treatment IR is rapidly expanding Coiling of intra cerebral aneurysm Balloon assisted coiling Stenting AV malformation Vein of Galen Evidence

800 Dr Allgarra Neuroanesthesia lotsofactionandpotential

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Page 1: 800 Dr Allgarra Neuroanesthesia lotsofactionandpotential

4/9/2014

1

Neuro anesthesia:  Lots of action and potential 

Nelson Nicolas Algarra MD

Jan 2014

What will not be covered

• Neuro physiology

• Basics of neuroanesthesia

• Prescribe methods or formulas

What will be covered?Anesthetic implication of advances in

• Interventional neuro radiology adults and peds

• Tumor surgery

• Vascular interventions

• Stroke treatment

IR is rapidly expanding

• Coiling of intra cerebral aneurysm

• Balloon assisted coiling

• Stenting

• AV malformation

• Vein of Galen

Evidence

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Endovascular coiling

• Lower rates of delayed cerebral ischemia

• Lower rates of vasospasm

• Decrease LOS

• Small increase risk of re bleeding

• Risk of death at 5 year lower

• Balloon assisted lower embolic events and rupture

Aneurysm coiling

Balloon assisted

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Stents

Anesthesia implications

• Platelet inhibition

• Rupture and bleeding

• Partial or total occlusion of a major vessel

• Blood pressure control

• Direct monitoring and communication

• Permanent implant

• Short history of use 

Interventional radiology

• How about pediatric patients

• Many similarities 

• Different challenges

• Illustrative cases

Complex IR case #1

• 2 week old

• Change in mental status

• CT shows hemorrhage

• Transferred form the children's hospital

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Case #1 Case #1

Case #1 Complex IR case # 2 

• 5 year old 

• Headaches

• Vision changes

• No other medical problem

Case #2 Case #2

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Case # 2

• Large aneurysm below the ophthalmic artery

• The whole artery empties into the sac

• Choices to place a stent or coil

• Test occlusion

Anesthetic implications

• Size of the sheath in femoral artery

• Place bilateral feet SpO2

• Blood pressure management

• Post procedure sedation and intubation

Case # 3

• 3 month old

• “looking down all the time”

• Change of mental status

• Hydrocephalus

• Echo no malformation, hyper dynamic

• Vein of galen malformation

Case #3 Case #3

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Approaches and challenges

• Trans torcular 

• Trans arterial 

• Hyper dynamic

• PE risk

• Control BP, HR

• Narrow window

Branches of right and left pericallosal  and left posterior choroidal 

Tumor surgery

• Stereotactic surgery

• Functional mapping resection

• Awake craniotomy 

• Fluorescein Sodium

Infratentorial hemorrhageVascular interventions

• Extra to intra cerebral bypass

• EDAS (encephalo‐duro‐arterio‐synangiosis)

• Resection of AV malformation

• Intra cerebral endarderectomy

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EDAS

AV malformations

• They cause a mass effect

• Can present as SAH

• Interventional radiology

• Usually incremental treatment

• Strict blood pressure management

• Resection maybe required

Anesthetic implications

• Electrophysiological monitoring

• Intraoperative angiogram

• Therapeutic hypothermia, inner cool

• Blood pressure control

• Burst suppression

• Retrograde Jugular bulb catheter

Stroke treatment

• Intra venous or arterial recombinant tissue plasminogen activator rtPA

• Inclusion criteria

• Exclusion criteria

Endovascular treatments

• MERCI Mechanical embolus removal in cerebral ischemia

• Penumbra 

• Trevo

• Solitaire

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Penumbra Trevo

Solitaire

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Anesthesia implications

• Call and response responsibilities

• Designated multidisciplinary teams

• Follow guidelines from stroke

• Blood pressure management

• Active QI and review process

Questions